Book Title: ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 02
Author(s): International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies
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________________
SCHOOL
ONAL
OF
SELF STUDY IS THE
SUPREME AUSTERITY
साध्याय परम
STUDIES
that are converted into speech when impelled by a soul possessed of the capacity in question constitute speech of the dravya type.
Manas of the bhāva type in the form of labdhi and upayoga is paudgalika because it is dependent on pudgala. On the other hand, those aggregates belonging to the material groupings of the form of manas which, as a result of the particular type of the karma prove beneficial to a soul in its task of considering the merits and demerits etc. that is, which stimulate the capacity of this soul- constitute manas of the dravya type. Similarly, prāṇa that is out-breathe which a soul expels outwards from the abdomen and ucavāyu or apāna that is in-breathe which a soul conveys inwards into the abdomen are both paudgalika, and as much as they are life-giver they prove beneficial to a soul.
Bhāṣā, manas, prāṇa and apāna these are all found to suffer obstruction and suppression. Hence just like body they are all doubtless paudgalika. The transformation of a Jīva of the form of easement is pleasure and it is produced through an internal cause of the form of special type of karma and an external cause of the form of the concerned substance, place etc. Distress, verily is pain and it is produced through an internal cause of the form of impure karma and an external cause of the form of the concerned substance etc.
The continuance of out-breathe and in-breathe in the case of an embodied soul as a result of the manifestation of ayu-karma is like the discontinuance of out-breath is death. All these modifications pleasure, pain etc. are produced in Jīvas through the instrumentality of pudgala. Hence in relation to Jiva they are treated as benefits due to pudgalas.
5.1 Pudgalāstikāya
The expression astikaya with pudgala is significant. According to Schubring the liberal version of astikaya is, 'mass of all that is'. The Jaina philosophers postulate six dravyas (substance) of which the five, namely Jiva, dharma, adharma, ākāśa and pudgala are astikāya. Astikaya means a substance that has a continuation of indivisible space points resulting in an extended body. The other interpretation of the term astikāya is the particle 'ast' indicates the persistent nature of a substance, whereas the expression "kāya" stands for the aspects of utpada (origination) and vyaya (cessation). The term "kaya" has also been interpreted to indicate the plurality of pradeśas (points) in the substances, kāya means an aggregate.
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STUDY NOTES version 5.0
