Grammar Of Apabhramsa

Author(s): Madhusudan Mishra
Publisher: Vidyanidhi Prakashan

Page 43

-U
A Grammar of Apabharmsa 73. Tne typical Apbh forms, however, begin with the following present and imperative endings : 3. i -hi
-hũ 2. -hi
-hu -hi
-ha 1. cũ -hũ
-hi (a) Though standing confusion in 2pl. was eliminated by having -hu in place of -ha in present, a fresh confusion arose in 2sg. due to the change of -si into -bi There was another confusion in 1sg., where the earlier oppostion of -mi and -mu was lost and both came out as -ũ.
Elsewhere the opposition was maintained. The unphonetic introduction of -h- in some endings appears to be intentional.
(b) Apbh had also some additional endings -e, often weakened to -i, and -u in Imp. 2sg., which may be traced to the optative 2sg. e and Imp. 2sg. -hu <-su (Pali-ssu. Skt. -sva) respectively. There must have been an additional ending -e even in 3sg. derived from the older optative -e.
The reduction of 2sg. -bi to -i and its sandhi with the preceding a- would have obliged the 3. and 2 sg. to be similar asfollows: Present
Imperative 3. -e
-hi 2. e -hu
-ha -hũ
-hi The indentical picture of the present and imperative in sg. and the confused state of affairs in pl. would have been repug. nant to the speakers of the language in the dark period.
The predominance of the modal concept ousted the present, which sought refuge in the periphrastic constructiou.
(c) The Hindi language inherited only the modal endings in conjugation. They are :
sg.
-hũ
2sg. has also a subjunctive from with -e.