Grammar Of Apabhramsa

Author(s): Madhusudan Mishra
Publisher: Vidyanidhi Prakashan

Page 46

Conjugation
35
Present
kara-i कर
kara-hi करहि kara-ũ करउँ
kara-bi करहिं kara-hu करहु kara-hũ करहे
1.
(a) As already stated in the beginning, these forms of the present succumbed to the force of the modal forms, which built their citadel on these ruins.
(b) Only the verb aha -i (is) seemed to survive in the spoken form of Apbh and came down to Hindi as an auxiliary element in some forms.
(c) In the eastern dialects, the literary form as-ti suffered palatalisation, as we see in a:chi (Maithili), âche (Bengali), etc.
Past
77. As already stated earlier, the past tense had disappeared from the Apbh conjugation.
Very rarely, the forms like so-hi-a (heard)=Skt. a- śraus -It were used in the literary Apbb, but they were considered to be highly archaic.
(a) The typical past forms in Apbh represented the older past participles, made by the suffix -ia (Skt. -ita) : mil -ia (met), cal-ia (started to go), etc.
(b) However, the older forms with -ta are as much common as the former, even in late Apbh, of course with the usual phonetic change : patta <prāp-ta (reached), samatta <sam-āp-ta (ended), dittha <dřş-ța (seen), gaa/gaya <gata (went), etc.
The spoken form of Apbh also seems to possess the participle form as (be', namely *s-ta, which we see later in Hindi as thā.