Grammar Of Apabhramsa

Author(s): Madhusudan Mishra
Publisher: Vidyanidhi Prakashan

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A Grammar of Apabhramba
3. kar-e
करे
2. kar-e,
kar
kara-hũ करहुँ kara-hu करहु kara-hi करहिं
करे
1. kara-ũ
करउँ
This is the story of the Apbh language as recorded.
81. In the spoken form of Apbh, the 3 and 1 pl. became identical and contracted to - ?. Even 2pl. and 1sg. suffered similar contraction. This picture of the dark period is fully represented in Hindi : 3. kar-e
kar-ě
2. kar-e,
करे 1. kar-ú
करूं
kar कर
kar-o करो kar ē
करें
82. On the body of these modal forms, an auxiliary element gā began to be affixed, and thus there was the beginning of the future forms in Hindi.
(a) This gā, with its original short form ga, is even now used in various dialects. In a dialect of the Tirhut division of Bihar, ga is used after a subjunctive form, wbile in some western dialects it is used with present for emphasis.
(b) It is a very old element, already used by the Vedic people, not only in their popular language but also in the language of the hymns. There it was ghā, used with a subjunctive form to express a future idea : ā ghā tā gaccbān uttarā yugāni (Those future ages will come).
(c) In the eastern Apbh dialects -v- had appeared between the base and the endings. Thus there was the beginning of b-future in all the Magadban dialects : Oriya karibi,