Grammar Of Apabhramsa

Author(s): Madhusudan Mishra
Publisher: Vidyanidhi Prakashan

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A Grammar of Apabhramsa
the oblique form connected by the postposition ke : uske rahte =While he is there.
Tenses and moods
137. The present, past and future forms express the action in the respective tenses : मल्लजुज्झ ससिराहु करहिं=The moon and Rahu are wrestling. भल्ला हुआ जु मारिया=It was fine that he was killed. freg TPHET 27781=The night will pass in slumber.
(a) The forms like thet are the youngest remanants of Abph, which are seen even in Awadhi : उर अपराध न एकउ घरिही =He will not mind a single crime. This seems to be a point where the periphrastic forms with gā would have appreared in the dark period.
(b) The present forms also express the desire of the speaker : aces715 Titag=I would see how many steps does he go.
(c) In historical narration the present forms often express the past happening: जाइ कालु सुरलोए जिह-The time passed as in heaven.
138. Of the model forms
(a) The third person expresses desire or request : HT= Let him go. 13 = Let it be.
(b) The second person expresses order : FAT3 TAHTE=Donot prevent him from going. | 3TTE 3456 = Bring him today. aaHETT forg=See my husband.
(c) The first person expresses the will of the speaker : ang=Let us see. grš=Let me go.
Passive
139. The passive construction is still very lively in Apbh. The forms are found both in present and past. Ho Hoga