First Principal of the Jaina Philosophy

Author(s): Hirachand Liladhar Zaveri
Publisher: Jaina Vividh Sahitya Shastramala

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THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF
to say, it is the accompanying cause (hetu] of the motion of moving beings and things, as water is to a swimming fish.
2. Adharmastikaya is a kind of ether which acts as the fulcrum of rest. It enables beings and things to be at rest in the sense of not moving ; so it is the accompanying cause [hetu) of the stationariness of beings, and things which are at rest, as a tree is to a fatigued.traveller.
. Akasastikaya, space, is that which gives their place to other substances. It contains the other substances, but does not itself need to be contained; that is to say, its nature is to contain other substances, but not to be contained. It is extended in all directions without any limit.
4. Pudgalastikaya, or inanimate; inorganic, insentient matter, is that substance which has the property of being increased and decreased. It exists in various forms. All these forms are made up of atoms; the atom, therefore, is the substantial [upadana] cause of all pudgala. Each of these atoms is a unit in itself, not made up of any other units, and is eternal.
5. Jivastikaya, or sentient being. It is that substance whose characteristic is knowledge (chetana). It has the nature of knowing all things, in all places,