First Principal of the Jaina Philosophy

Author(s): Hirachand Liladhar Zaveri
Publisher: Jaina Vividh Sahitya Shastramala

Page 55

50
THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF
The dravyarthika-nayas are subdivided into three, viz.
1. The non-distinguished (naigama); 2. The general (samgraha);
3. The practical (vyavahara).
The paryayarthika-nayas are subdivided into four, viz.
1. The straight expression (riju sutra); 2. • The verbal (sabda); 3. The subtle (samabbirudha);
4. The 'such like' (evambhuta). There are thus seven classes of standpoints, aspects, or modes of comprehending a thing (seven nayas.)
The 'non-distinguished' (naigama)t standpoint is the mode of. comprehending a thing in which an object is considered as having both (1) general and (2) specific qualities, that is to say, no general qualities without accompanying specific qualities, and no specific without accompanying general qualities. For example, when one speaks the words 'a mango-tree' he indicates certain qualities which are peculiar to a mango-tree, and indicates at the same time other
+The naigama is called 'non-distinguished' because it does not distinguish between generic and specific qualities as the two follow. ing nagas.do.