First Principal of the Jaina Philosophy

Author(s): Hirachand Liladhar Zaveri
Publisher: Jaina Vividh Sahitya Shastramala

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THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF
The fallacy or misapplication (sabdabhasa) of this standpoint arises when one fails to admit the differ, ence of meaning that a given word may have at different dates or ages.
6. The subtle (samabhirudha) standpoint is the mode of comprehending a thing in which one nicely distinguishes between synonyms, that is to say, one uses the most appropriate word on the ground of its etymology; e. g. the Sanskrit words Indra, Sakra, Purandara, etc., conventionally all mean Lord of Paradise, but they have distinct etymological meanings. So also the words kumbha, kalasa, ghata, which conventionally all mean the same thing, but have some distinction.
The fallacy of this standpoint (samabhirudhabhasa) occurs when one asserts that synonymous words signify altogether different things, e.g., that Indra, Sakra, and Purandara are as different as an elephant (karin) is from a horse (turanga), or, to take the usual Sanskrit example, that pitcher (kumbha), pot (kalasa), and jar (ghata) are as different from each other as chair, desk, and table.
7. The 'such like' (evambhuta) standpoint is the mode of comprehending a thing by which one applies to things such names as their actual condition allows. This paryayarthika-naya does not recognize a thing by