First Principal of the Jaina Philosophy

Author(s): Hirachand Liladhar Zaveri
Publisher: Jaina Vividh Sahitya Shastramala

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THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OP
is what shows that there is some element in the being which is foreign to its nature. The name of this class of modifications (paryayas) is vibh-rra-dravya-vyanjanaparyaja.
4. Those modifications which signify some unnatural condition of the being. For instance, sensuous knowledge is, from the point of view of omniscience, an unnatural condition of the living being. This class of paryayas is called vibhava-guna-vyanjana paryaya.
These four kinds of modifications (paryayas) are applicable to inanimate matter (pudgala) as follows :
1. Atoms (ultimate indivisible atoms of inorganic matter) are examples of the first kind of modifications as applied to insentient matter. The Sanskrit name of this kind of modification is svabhava-dravya-vyanjana paryaya (of pudgala).
2. One kind of colour (varna), one kind of smell (gandha), one kind of taste (rasa), and two non-contradictory ways of affecting the sense of touch (smooth and cold, for instance), these are instances of the second kind of modifications as applied to matter. Its Sanskrit name is svabhava-guna-vyanjana-paryaya (of pudgala).
3. A collection of two or more atoms is an example of the third kind of modifications as applied to