First Principal of the Jaina Philosophy

Author(s): Hirachand Liladhar Zaveri
Publisher: Jaina Vividh Sahitya Shastramala

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THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF
kala (the time or period of the thing's existence), and bhava (the attributes of the thing). Thus, the jar does exist in so far as it consists of earth (clay) and not of any other substance. The jar does exist in England and not in any other place. The jar does exist at the present time, which is summer, and not any other season. The jar does exist as red and not as of any other colour. From this it is clear that in a certain sense and so far as its own attributes are concerned the jar exists in these four respects.
Second way of speaking: syannastyeva ghatah. When you take the above four points of view of any other substance or thing into consideration, the jar does not exist in these four respects.
What is non-existence ? That which is existence in the presence of a thiog is non-existence in the absence of it. For example, the jar has been proved to exist as regards its substance, place, the time of its existence, and its attributes: and when the jar is broken by a stick or otherwise, then non-existence of the jar is proved, because in the case of things which perish, existence itself is the cause of subsequent non-existence.
Third way of speaking: syadastyeva syannastydva. Everything, when thought of in respect of its substance (dravya), place [kshetra), time of 'existence skala), and