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EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
[VOL. XII.
must therefore be the donor's name, and even if Kavifia be derived from the town Kapišā, it must still be a personal name.
Granakpvaka. The first letter has the mark of conjunct , but the r may not be real and may merely modify the sound of the g, as on the Wardak vase (Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, pp. 206-7) : that is ita force here probably, because it occurs in the initial letter. The difficult letter is the third. It consists of three portions, (1) the letterk with the extremity of its right limb curved and extended in (2) a long straight line upward, and (3) the letter p subscribed beneath the k. The meaning of stroke (2) seems probably v, which, when conjunct, is formed by a curved stroke carried up to the top of the letter ; compare svara in line 1 of the Manikiála stone! and satvana in 1. 3 on the Wardak vase. The whole character seems therefore to denote kpv, and I would suggest that the name is Ganakpuaka, the v representing the vowel u before a as required by Indian writing, just as Puru-aspa becomes Purvaspa in line 2 of the Mäņikiāla stone. Then here is a dental n, because it is exactly like then in dāna.
Dana-mukho. I agree with M. Senart in this reading. The expression occurs in other inscriptions and also in the form dana-muhe on the Bimarān vase, as he has noticed, pointing ont that mukho involves change of gender in this Prakrit. He explains the phrase as "moyen, objet d'aumône" and as dana. But it seems to me it must mean more than that. The entire gift consisted of a copper box, inside that this bronze casket, inside it five medals and a gold box, and inside that two gold coins, a silver disc and some fragments. The three boxes, or at least the bronze and gold boxes, obviously coustituted one gift, and this bronze box or casket, which alono bears an inscription, would by itself have been a shabby gift from a Satrap; hence it seems probable that the two gold coins and the fragments were also part of the same gift, the disc being separate (see the next inscription). Other places where dina-mukhe occars are discussed in the Annnal Report of the Archeological Survey of India for 1903-4,5 where it appears only ia three instances, clearly on the Chārsadda pedestal (ibid., pp. 249-50) and probably in the tuscriptions marked Nos. 4 and 9 (ibid., pp. 253-4). It seems to me at present that dāna-mukho is & nominative case and that it denotes something more than dana. I do not however think we have sufficient material yet to enable us to speak with any certainty about its meaning. So far as regards this onsket with its contents and the Bimaran vase (which contained relics of Buddha) it may be suggested tha, as mukha means "the chief, principal, best", dana-mukha may mean "a choice gift", "a precious gift ”, being applied to gifts of special value as distinguished from ordinary gifts. Compare the use of the word mukhya, which is often added to nouns in Sanskrit to signify "pre-eminent, choice "; e.g. dvijati-mukhya, Manu III, 286; ratha-mukhya, “a choice chariot," Vayu Purāņa 93, 19.
B.-On the silver plate or disc from Māņikiāla. The plate or disc was found inside the bronze casket as mentioned above, and the references for it are the same as for the casket. It is figured as No. 26 in the plate in Prinsep's Essays and also in Cunningham's plate. It is of silver, 9 inches (22 mm.) in diameter, and the inscripvion is on one side, firmly engraved in Kharoshthi characters, as shown in fig. B in the annexed. plate, & full-size reproduction of an ink-impression. It is now in the British Museum and I have carefully compared it with this reproduction.
Journ. Roy. 4.. 800, 1902, p. 646; 1914, pp. 646, 655. Journ. Roy. 43. Soc., 1914, p. 648.
Journ. Asiat., sbr. VIII, Vol. XV (1890, Parti ), pp. 130-5 (where the reference to Arch. Suro. Ind., III, p. 49, should be V, p. 49) : sér. IX, Vol. IV (1894, Part ii), p. 514. [With regard to the form mulho formukham compare yo for yam, in the Wardak vase inscription and numerous examples in the Kharösbțbi manuscript of the Dhammapads.-. K.]
• Journ. Ariat., sbr. VIII, VOL XV (1890, Part i), p. 192.
I have to thank Profesor Konow for drawing my attention thereto.
