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No. 31.]
TIRUMALAI ROCK INSCRIPTION OF RAJENDRA-CHOLA I. 231
Oḍḍa-vishaya (1. 9) is the province of Orissa, and Kôsalai-naḍu is probably Southern Kôsala. Tapḍabutti, i.e. Dauḍabhukti, and its ruler Dharmapála are unknown from other sources. The same is the case with Rapasûra, who ruled over Takkapalaḍam (1. 10), i.e. Dakshina-Virața or Southern Berar, and with Govindachaudra, the ruler of Vangala-desa, i.e. the Bengal country. Mahipala, whom the Chòla king deprived of his elephants and women, is identified by Prof. Kielhorn with the Pâla king Mahipala I.+
The list of conquests closes with Uttiralâḍam (1. 11), i.e. Uttara- Virâţa or Northern Berar, and the Ganga, i.e. the river Gunges.
The short passage in Tamil prose with which the inscription ends (11. 12-14) records its actual purpose a gift of money for a lamp and for offerings to the Jaina temple on the hill by the wife of a merchant of Malliyûr in Karaivali, a subdivision of Perumbaṇappâḍi. The temple was called Śri-Kundavai-Jiuâlaya (1. 13), i.e. the Jina temple of Kundavai. This name suggests that the shrine owed its foundation to Kundavai, the daughter of Parântaka II., elder sister of Rajaraja I. (and consequently the paternal aunt of Rajendra-Chola I.) and wife of Vallavaraiyar Vandyadevar.5 The sacred hill (Tirumalai) is stated to have formed part of Vaigavûr, a pallichchandam, i.e. a village belonging to a Jaina temple,' in Mugai-nâḍu, a subdivision of Pangala-nâḍu, a district of Jayangonda-Chôla-mandala. Malliyâr is the modern Guḍimallûr near Arcot. The remaining geographical names mentioned in this paragraph have been discussed in South-Ind. Inser. Vol. III. p. 89, and above, Vol. VII. p. 192.
In conclusion I would like to add a few words on the later conquests of Râjêndra-Chola I. which are registered in the Tanjore inscription No. 20. Mr. Venkayya has shown that my former identification of Kaḍâram with a place in the Madura districts must be wrong, because the Chola king despatched an expedition to it on ships by sea, and because two of the localities mentioned in connection with this expedition, Nakkavaram and Pappâļam, are, respectively, the Nicobar Islands and a port in Burma. Among the remaining items we read in line 9 of the Tanjore inscription niraisir-visaiyamum, and in line 11 kalai-ttakkór pugal talai-ttakkilamum. The second of them, Takkôlam, may be identical with Ptolemy's Tákwλa Európy, which Colonel Gerini places at Takôpa on the western coast of the Malay Peninsula. Instead of the first, which I had translated by Vijayam of great fame,' an inscription at Kandiyûr near Tanjore reads nirai-śrivishaiyamum, 'the prosperous Śrivishaya.' This may be the correct reading; for according to the larger Leiden grant (1. 80) Srivishaya was the name of the country ruled over by the king of Kataha or Kadaram.
1 South-Ind. Inser. Vol. I. p. 97.
In bis Annual Report on Epigraphy for 1906-1907, p. 87 f., Mr. Venkayya has shown that the Tamil term Пldda does not correspond to the Sanskrit Láta (Gujarat), but to Virafa (Berar).
Page 34 of Dr. Burnell's South-Indian Palæography (2nd ed.) contains the following note:-"The great inscription at Tanjore (11th century) mentions a Sêraman, but also a king of Karuvai (or Karûr) and a Govinda. chandra (king of Kannada)."-Kannada (- Kannada or Karpâta ?) is nothing but a misreading of the word Takkanalddam, which happens to precede the name Govindasandan (1. 10), and Karuvai, here represented as referring to Karuvar, is probably derived from Adinagar-avai (1. 8). I am not drawing attention to these mis. takes in order to gloat over them, but to prevent their being quoted as reliable facts.
List of Southern Inscr. p. 120, note 4.
South-Ind. Inscr. Vol. II. p. 68. For three (ther princesses named Kundavai see Ind. Ant. Vol. XXIII. p. 298, note 13, and South-Ind. Inser. Vol. III. p. 100.
Above, Vol. VII. p. 116, note 1.
1 See Mr. Venkayya's Annual Report on Epigraphy for 1905-1906, p. 36 f., Nos. 418, 416 and 419.
South-Ind. Inser. Vol. II. p. 106.
Annual Report on Epigraphy for 1898-99, p. 17. Compare South-Ind. Insor. Vol. III. p. 194 f.
10 Journ. R. As. Soc. 1904, p. 247.
11 See my Annual Report on Epigraphy for 1894-95, p. 4.
