Doctrine of Liberation in Indian Religion

Author(s): Shivkumarmuni
Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher's Pvt Ltd New Delhi

Page 85

THE DOCTRINE OF KARMA AND TRANSMIGRATION
71
Individual types
They are of eight kinds, namely superiority over others, capability of breathing, hot body, cold body, a body which is neither heavy nor light, the body of a Tirthankara, the normal formation of the body, and the abnormal formation of the body.
Ten Self-movable bodies
A body having more than one sense, gross body, completely developed body, individual body, firm parts of the body, beautiful parts of the body, worthy of praise without any obligation, lovely voice, sweet and suggestive speech, a body with honour and glory.
Ten Immovable bodies
These sub-types are opposite to the self-movable bodies, and include immovable bodies having only one sense, subtle body imperceptible to the sense, undeveloped body, a body common with others of their species, flexible body, ugly parts of the body, unsympathetic, ill-sounding voice, unsuggestive speech, creating dishonour and shame. VII. Gotra-karma : it is of two types :
1. the karma that bestows the individual with superior family
surroundings; 2. the karma that determines the individual of low family
surroundings. 40 VIII. Antarāya-karma : the power of the self is obscured in the
following five manners by this karma : 1. It hinders the power of giving charity, alms etc. 2. It is an obstacle to gain or profit.. 3. It obstructs the enjoyment of things which can be taken once
like eating and drinking food and water etc. 4. It prevents the enjoyment which can be effected more than
once like pictures, clothing etc. 5. It is a hindrance to will power.41
The above classifications of the main eight types of karma are further sub-divided into one hundred and forty-eight sub-types. 42
B. DURATION OF KARMA
The duration of each type of karma differs according to its nature and fruition. The Jaina texts distinguish three lengths of the period of duration : of minimum duration, of intermediate duration and of the
40. Karmagrantha, I. 52. 41. Ibid, 42. See H. V. Glasenapp, The Doctrine of Karman in Jain Philosophy, pp. 5-19.