Doctrine of Liberation in Indian Religion

Author(s): Shivkumarmuni
Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher's Pvt Ltd New Delhi

Page 88

THE DOCTRINE OF LIBERATION IN INDIAN RELIGIONS
karma. This relationship has to be destroyed before liberation is achieved. The different states of the self are related to the functions of its vibration and passions. The influx of bondage creating activities is due to the energy of the self. The activity (yoga) of the self is an expression of the energy of the self. The word (yoga) is used here in a technical sense. According to Pañcasamgraha, yoga is energy influenced by passions (salesyam-vīryam). The freedom of the self from yoga or activity results in complete cessation of all association between it and the karma,
· The different processes through which karmic matter passes are conditioned by numerous kinds of activities (yoga). These numerous activities are caused by numerous processes of energy; these processes of energy are technically called karaņas or "techniques of energy'. In some texts thcse karanas are classified into the following eight types ;
1. bandhana, the condition of energy which causes bondage; 2. samkramaņa, the condition of energy which causes transfor
mation; 3. udvartanā, the condition of energy which leads to increased
realization; 4. apavartanā, the condition which leads to decreased realization; 5. udiraņā, the condition responsible for premature realization; 6. upaśamanā, the condition which causes quiescence; 7. nidhatti, the condition which makes the karmas incapable of
all processes or techiques except the third and the fourth; 8. nikācanā, the condition which makes karmas incapable of
all karanas. These processes of energy produce corresponding karmic processes which are known by the same terms. Every change in the self leads to a corresponding change in the 'karma; likewise every change in the karma leads to a corresponding change in the self. These processes and techniques of karma together with the states of kar ma discussed earlier are important aspects of Jaina doctrine of karma.48 CAUSES OF KARMA
Although karma means simply action, here we are concerned
48.
For a detailed treatment of the technology of karma see Karmapraksti with commentaries, Bhavanagar (Seth Devchand Lal Bhai Jain Pustakoddhar Fund Series, No. 17); Nathmal Tatia, Studies in Jaina Philosophy, pp. 252-263; Jainendra Siddhanta Koša, vol. II, pp. 24ff.