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THE JAINA DOCTRINE OF LIBERATION
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The three types of superstitious belief refer to belief in worldly things (loka-mūdha), belief in gods and goddesses (deva-mūdha) and belief in the teachings of false ascetics (pāşandi-mūdha).
The eight kinds of pride refer to pride of 1. caste (jāti), 2. family (kula), 3. power (bala), 4. personality (vapu), 5. penance (tapa), 6. accomplishments (riddhi), 7. learning (jñāna) and 8. worship (pūja).22
The eight requirements or limbs (amgas) which hold the right being are 1. freedom from doubt (niņśankita), 2. freedom from worldly concerns (niḥkänkṣita), 3. freedom from the care of body (nirvicikitsatā), 4. following of the right path (amüdhadrsti), 5. reinstatement of right belief (upaguhana), 6. attaining to right conviction (sthitikaraņa), 7. love and affection for good people (vätsalya), 8. respect for religious teachings (prabhāvanā).23
As we have already stated, he who has discovered and is convinced of the truth in the teaching of Jinas and developed faith in the reality is known as a samyagd rşti-jīva. There are ten sources from which a jīva attains right faith. They are as follows: 1. one's own nature (nisarga), 2. teachings (upadeśa), 3. command (ājñā), 4. study of the holy texts (sūtras),5. suggestion (bīja), 6. understanding the meaning of the sacred lore (abhigama), 7. detailed exposition (vistāra) 8. observance (kriyā), 9. brief exposition (samk sepa) and 10. Law (dharma).
Acārya Kundakunda describes the nature of samyagdarśana as the possession of firm conviction in six types of dravyas, the nine padārthas, the five astikäyas and the seven tattvas.25 The Mokşapāhuda states that belief in the teachings of Jinas, the right religion and avoidance of eighteen kinds of faults are the very product of samyagdarśana.26 The Niyamasāra describes samyagdarśana as belief in Tīrthamkaras, the Āgamas and in the six dravyas,27 The Uttarādliyayanasūtra envisages samyagdarśana as the firm conviction in nine padārthas.28 Many great Jaina ācāryas like Amitagati, 29 Vasunandi, 30
22. Ibid., verse 25. 23. Ibid., pp. 11-18, Uttarādhyayanasūtra, XXVIII, 31. 24. Ibid., XXVIII, 16. 25. Darśanapāhu !a, 19 26. Mokşapāhu la, 90.
Niyamasāra, 5. 28. Uttaradhyayanasūtra, XXVIII. 14-15. 29. Śrāvakācāra (Amitagati), 3. 30. Śravakācāra (Vasunandin) 1-17.
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