Doctrine of Liberation in Indian Religion

Author(s): Shivkumarmuni
Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher's Pvt Ltd New Delhi

Page 97

THE DOCTRINE OF KARMA AND TRANSMIGRATION
83 The fruition of the deeds depends upon the length, duration and intensity of different types of karmas. Sometimes the jīva receives the result of his deeds in this life, if not in this life, then in the next life or next to next and thereafter. The Sthānāmgasūtra82 states the following eight ways the fruition of karmas :
1. The bad deeds done in this life have their bad effects in this
life as the thief bears the consequence of his theft in this life. 2. The bad deeds done in this life have their bad effects in an
other world, as an individual takes the birth in the hell after • doing most sinful deeds. 3. The bad deeds done in the past life have their bad results in
this life as one experiences sorrow and suffering in this life. 4. The bad deeds done in the past life have their bad results in
this life and afterwards too, just like an individual due to his past bad deeds coming to animal life and then again
going to hell etc. 5. The good deeds done in this life have good fruits in this life. 6. The good deeds done in the past life have good fruits in the
coming life. 7. The good deeds done in the past life have good fruits in this
life. 8. The good deeds done in the past life have good results in
this life and afterwards also. Similar views are also found in the Upanişads as it stated in the Chando gya Upanişad :
"Those whose conduct has been good, will quickly attain some good birth, the birth of a brāhmaṇa or a ksatriya or a vaisya. But those whose conduct has been evil, will quickly attain an evil
birth, the birth of a dog or a hog or a candāla.83 Some persons according to their karma and intention of mind take another birth. Some others again are degenerated into the states of trees.84
JAINA VIEW OF TRANSMIGRATION
Jainism accepts five kinds of bodies (śarīras), namely audārika, vaikriya, āhāraka, taijasa and kārmaņaśarīra.85
1. audārika : the physical body of all men and animals.
83.
82. 84. 85.
Ibid., IV, 2.7. Chandogya-Upanişad, V. 10.7. Katha-Upanişad, II. 2.7. Tattvārthasūtra, II. 36.