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INTRODUCTION
able thereby to return to God the original nucleus. 'So that naturally man relieved of his earthbound ideas and weaknesses, realizes that the part of him which is God simply returns home."
"Many of the words and terms used by the Sūfīs are not understood by the uninitiated. Perfume, for instance, is the hope of the Divine afflatus-Sleep, meditation or the perfection of God. Wine signifies devotion. The Sūfis often speak of having drunk wine to insensibility. This is naturally misunderstood as it means so devout was their devotion to God that they were entirely under His influence. The tavern is the place of prayer. The tavern-keeper is the Spiritual Head or Leader. Beauty is only spoken of in order to show the perfection of God. Inebriation and drunkenness typify the abstraction of the soul for material things."
THE DARVISH ORDERS According to Von Hammer there were twelve tariqs or orders of Darvishes existing prior to the foundation of the Ottoman empire as set forth below:1. Uwaisi 5. Saqati
9. Qubrāwi 2. 'Ilwāni
6. Qadiri
10. Shāzili 3. Adhami 7. Rifa'i
11. Maulavi 4. Bustāmi 8. Nürbakhshi or 12. Badawi
Suharwardi Twenty-four orders have been instituted since the commencement of the 14th down to the middle of 18th century of the Christian era. Of these later orders the Naqshbandis and the Baqtashis and of the earlier orders the Bustāmīs trace their descent from Abu Bakrus-Siddiq, the first Caliph and all the rest from the fourth Caliph 'Ali. The former are known as Siddiqiā and the latter 'Aliides or Alawīs.
It is said that thirty-seven years after (Hijra) the 'Flight' or ‘Emigration of the Prophet, Archangel Gabriel or Jibrail appeared to Uwais, a native of Karn, in Yaman, and commanded him in the name of the Lord to renounce, and to devote himself to a life of penitence. He had never met the Prophet but when in the battle of Uhud the latter lost two teeth, Uwais in his honour had all his teeth extracted. As Uwais had none for his Pir or spiritual guide, all the Darvishes having no Pir are said to belong to the order of Uwaisis. Both Abu
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