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MYSTICISM OF DARVISHES: THE DARVISH ORDERS
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Jalal-ud-Din ar-Rūmi Maulānā, called the Mullā Khunkār died at Qonia in 1273 A. D.; founded the Maulavis, generally called the 'Turning' or 'Dancing Darvishes'.
Ahmad Badāwī died at Tanta, in Egypt, in 1276 A.D. founded the Badā wis.
Pir Muhammad Baha-ud-Din Naqshband died at Qasr-i'Arifān, in Persia, in 1319 A. D.; founded the Naqshbandis. According to Rose the correct date of his death is 1388 A. D. but the order may be older. It is based upon the principles of the two original fraternities and particularly upon that of the Caliph Abu-Bakr.
Sa'd-ud-Din Jabrā wi died at Jaba, near Damascus in 1335 A. D.; founded the Sa'dis.
Häji Baqtāsh Khurāsāni, called the wali or 'saint' died at Kirshahr, in Asia Minor in 1357 A. D. founded the Baqtashis.
'Umar Khalwati died at Qaisaria in 1397 A. D.; founded the Khalwatis. It is one of the few orders which admit women.*
We now give particulars of some of the orders mentioned in the next section entitled 'The Darvish orders in India'. Shah Ne'matul-lāh Wali is the title by which Shah Nur-ud-Din Yazdi is known. He was born in 1330 A. D. He founded the order of Ne'matullāhis. He travelled widely and possibly visited Afghānistān. He died in 1430 A. D. Timur sent him into an honourable interment at Māhun, in Karman, says Brown.
Qalandar Yusuf Andalūsi, a native of Andalusia in Spain, was for a long time a disciple of Hāji Baqtash, but having been dismissed from his Order on account of his haughty and arrogant character, he made vain efforts to be admitted into the Maulavis, and ended by establishing the Order of Darvishes named after him Qalandarīs. * They *In India all the four main orders viz. the Chistis, the Qadiris, the Suharwardis and the Naqshbandis admit women as murids but they are not made Khalifás or successors to Pirs or Shaikhs. * The Qalandars are not an Order, says Brown. A Qădiri Darvish was named Shābāz -e-Qalandari, as also a Maulavi Darvish named Shams-ud-Din Tabrizi Qalandari,
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