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GĪTĀ, TRANSLATION & COMMENTARY, CH. XVII 1163.
$$ अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते।
यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः॥११॥ अभिसंधाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत् । इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ॥ १२ ॥ विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम् ।।
श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ॥१३॥ the Reason are only evolutes of Praksti, if the food is sättvika, the inherent nature also becomes sāttvika in consequence. These are the different kinds of food. The Blessed Lord now explains how there are three different kinds of sacrifices. ]
(11) The Sacrifice performed without entertaining any desire for the fruit, and looking upon the performance of Sacrifice as a duty, and with a peaceful mind, and according to the Šāstric rites, is sättvika ; (12) but the Sacrifice performed with a desire for fruit, or only hypocritically (that is, for making an exhibition of one's riches ), know that, such a sacrifice, O Bharata-śrestha ! is a rājasa sacrifice; (13) and, the Sacrifice performed without Scriptural ceremony, without the sacrifice of food, without the recitation of hymns without giving charitable gifts, and without faith, such a sacrifice is tāmasa.
[Just as there are three kinds of food and sacrifice, so also are there three kinds of austerities. But austerities have first been divided into kāyrka' (bodily), 'vācika' (vocal), and 'mānasika' (mental); and then the three sub-divisions of each of these as a result of the sattva, rajas and tamas constituents have been explained. The word 'tapa' in this place is not to be taken in the narrow meaning of 'going into a forest and mortifying the body according to the PatañjalaYoga', but means 'Yajña, Yaga, study of the Vedas, or whatever anybody's duty may be according to that one of the four classes to which he belongs; e. g. fighting for the Ksatriya, trade for the Vaisya, etc., which is the austerity (tapa) or penance for that particular person'. This comprehensive meaning of the word ' tapa'(religious austerities
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