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________________ zrAvaka dharma aura usakI prAsaMgikatA ki ahiMsA dharma: paramI lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura
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________________ zrAvaka dharma aura usakI prAsaMgikatA gRhastha varga kA uttaradAyitva jaina dharma zramaNa paramparA kA dharma hai / dUsare zabdoM meM vaha nivRttimArgI yA sanyAsamArgI dharma hai| yaha bAta bhI nissaMkoca rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ki vaidika paramparA ke viparIta usameM sanyAsa kA carama Adarza svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kintu isa AdhArapara yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ki jainadharma meM gRhastha yA upAsaka varga kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna nahIM hai, anucita hI hogaa| cAhe jainadharma ke prArambhika yuga meM sanyAsa ko adhika mahattA milI ho, kintu Age calakara jaina paramparA meM gRhastha dharma ko bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta ho gyaa| jaina dharma meM jo caturvidha saMgha vyavasthA huI, usameM sAdhu - sAdhviyoM ke sAtha hI zrAvakoM aura zrAvikAoM ko bhI sthAna diyA gyaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoM ko zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ke mAtA-pitA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| dUsare zabdoM meM unheM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA saMrakSaka mAna liyA gayA / vaidika paramparA meM bhI gRhastha Azrama ko sabhI AzramoM kA mUla batAyA gayA thA, prakArAntara se ise jaina paramparA meM gRhastha varga ko zramaNa varga kA saMrakSaka evaM AdhAra mAnakara svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| jaina paramparA meM gRhastha upAsaka na kevala isalie mahatvapUrNa thA ki vaha zramaNoM ke bhojana, sthAna Adi AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA thA apitu use zramaNa sAdhakoM ke caritra kA praharI bhI mAna liyA gyaa| kucha samaya pUrva taka zrAvaka varga kI mahattA akSuNNa thI / use yaha adhikAra prApta thA ki yadi koI sAdhu yA sAdhvI zramaNa maryAdAoM kA samyagrUpeNa pAlana nahIM karatA hai to vaha unakA veza lekara unheM zramaNa saMgha se pRthaka kara de| isI prakAra muni evaM AryikA varga meM praveza ke lie bhI zrAvaka saMgha kI anumati Avazyaka tho| vartamAna yuga meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra meM jo zithilatA prApta hotI jA rahI haiM, usakA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki gRhasthavarga muni AcAra se avagata na rahane ke kAraNa apane uparyukta kartavya ko bhUla gayA haiN| Aja hameM isa bAta ko bahuta spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA hogA ki jainadharma aura saMskRti kI rakSA kA dAyitva munivarga kI apekSA zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA:1
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________________ gRhastha varga para hI adhika hai aura yadi vaha apane isa dAyitva kI upekSA karegA, to apanI saMskRti evaM dharma kI surakSA karane meM asaphala rhegaa| yaha to huA kevala samAja yA saMgha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se zrAvakavarga kA mahatva evaM uttrdaayitv| kintu na kevala sAmAjika dRSTi se apitu AdhyAtmika evaM sAdhanAtmaka dRSTi se bhI gRhastha kA sthAna utanA nimna nahIM haiM, jitanA ki sAmAnyatayA mAna liyA jAtA haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza hai - 'Arambha no Arambha' (gRhastha dharma) kA yaha sthAna bhI Arya haiM tathA samasta duHkhoM kA anta karane vAlA mokSamArga hai| yaha jIvana bhI pUrNatayA samyak evaM sAdhu hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM to spaSTa rUpa se yahA~ taka kaha diyA hai ki cAhe sabhI samAnya gRhasthoM kI apekSA zramaNoM ko zreSTha mAna liyA jAye kintu kucha gRhastha aise bhI hai jo zramaNoM kI apekSA saMyama ke paripAlana meM zreSTha hote haiN| bAta spaSTa aura sApha hai ki AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA sambandha na kevala veza se hai aura na kevala AcAra ke bAhya niyamoM se, apitu samAja yA saMgha- vyavasthA kI dRSTi meM bAhya AcAra - niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha bAta bhI svIkAra kara lI gayI hai ki gRhastha jIvana se bhI nirvANa ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM marUdevI aura bharata ke udAharaNa lokavizruta haiN| yadi gRhastha dharma se bhI parinirvANa yA mukti sambhava hai- to isa vivAda kA koI adhika mUlya nahIM raha jAtA ki munidharma aura gRhastha dharma meM sAdhanA kA kaunasA mArga zreSTha haiN| vastutaH AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kSetra meM zreSThatA aura nimnatA kA AdhAra AdhyAtmika jAgarUkatA, apramattatA aura nirAkulatA haiM, jisane apanI viSaya vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM para niyantraNa pA liyA hai, jisakA citta nirAkula aura zAnta ho gayA hai, jo apane kartavyapatha para pUrI ImAnadArI se cala rahA hai phira cAhe vaha gRhastha ho yA muni, usakI AdhyAtmika zreSThatA meM koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM na to veza mahatvapUrNa haiM aura na bAhya AcAra, apitu usameM mahatvapUrNa haiM antarAtmA kI nirmalatA aura vishuddhtaa| antara kI nirmalatA hI sAdhanA kA mUlabhUta AdhAra haiN| gRhastha dharma kI zreSThatA kA prazna gRhasthadharma aura munidharma meM yadi sAdhanA kI dRSTi se hama zreSThatA kI bAta kareM to bhI vastutaH gRhastha jIvana hI adhika zreSTha pratIta hogaa| vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA ke lie saMnyAsa eka nirApada mArga haiM, kyoMki gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA:2
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________________ karanA adhika kaThina hai| kyoMki sAdhaka jIvana meM vighnoM se dUra rahakara nirdoSa caritra kA pAlana karanA utanA kaThina nahIM hai, jitanA ki vighnoM ke bIca rahakara usakA pAlana karanA / saMnyAsa mArga eka aisA mArga hai, jisameM anAsakti yA vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA ke lie vighna-bAdhAoM kI sambhAvanA kama hotI hai| sanyAsamArga kI sAdhanA kaThora hote hue bhI susAdhya hai, jabaki gRhastha mArga kI sAdhanA vyAvahArika dRSTi se susAdhya pratIka hote hue bhI duHsAdhya hai, kyoMki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie jisa anAsakta cetanA kI AvazyakatA hai, vaha saMnyasta jIvana meM sahaja prApta ho jAtI hai usameM citta vicalana ke avasara ati nyUna hote hai, jabaki gRhastha jIvana meM citta vicalana ke avasara atyadhika haiN| giri-kandarA meM rahakara brahmacarya kA pAlana utanA kaThina nahIM hai, jitanA ki nAriyoM (sundariyoM) ke madhya rahakara usakA pAlana karanA / premikA vezyA ke ghara meM cAturmAsa ke lie sthita hokara brahmacarya kI sAdhanA karane vAle sthUli bhadra ko una saikar3oM - hajAroM muniyoM kI apekSA zreSTha mAnA gayA, jo giri - kandarAoM meM rahakara munidharma kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| kyA vijaya seTha aura seThAnI kI brahmacarya kI kaThora sAdhanA kI tulanA kisI gRhastha jIvana kA parityAga karane vAle muni kI brahmacarya sAdhanA se kI jA sakatI haiM ? rAga-dveSa, Asakti aura mamatva ke prasaMgoM kI upasthiti gRhastha jIvana meM adhika hotI hai - una prasaMgoM meM bhI jo apane ko nirAkula aura niyaMtrita rakha sakatA hai, vaha mahAna hai| __ sanyAsa mArga meM to ina prasaMgoM kI upasthiti ke avasara hI atyalpa hote haiN| ataH saMnyAsa mArga nirApada aura sarala hai| gRhastha dharma se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora jAne vAlA mArga phisalana bharA hai, jisameM kadama-kadama para sajagatA kI AvazyakatA hai| yadi sAdhaka eka kSaNa ke lie bhI vAsanA ke AvegoM meM nahI saMbhalA to usakA patana ho jAtA hai / vAsanAoM ke bavaNDara ke madhya rahate hue bhI unase aprabhAvita rahanA sarala nahI haiN| ataH kaha sakate haiM ki gRhastha jIvana kI sAdhanA muni jIvana kI sAdhanA kI apekSA adhika duHsAdhya haiM aura jo aise sAdhana - patha para calakara AdhyAtmika uccatA ko prApta karatA hai, vaha muniyoM kI apekSA kaI gunA zreSTha hai| vastutaH gRhastha dharma kA pAlana isalie adhika duHsAdhya hai ki usameM kAjala kI kaThorI meM rahakara bhI apanI caritra rUpI cAdara ko bedAga rakhanA hotA hai| kAjala kI koTharI se bAhara rahakara to koI bhI caritra rUpI cAdara ko bedAga rakha sakatA hai, kintu koTharI meM rahate hue use bedAga rakha pAnA adhika sajagatA aura AtmaniyantraNa kI zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 3
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________________ apekSA rakhatA hai / phisalana bhare rAste meM calakara jo sAdhanA kI U~cAiyoM taka pahu~catA hai, usakI mahattA to kucha aura hI hai / saMsAra aura vAsanA rUpI kardama meM rahakara bhI kamalapatra ke samAna alipta rahanA nizcaya hI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi haiN| yadyapi mere yaha saba kahane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki maiM muni jIvana kI mahattA aura garimA ko nakAra rahA hU~, isa viSaya vAsanArUpI kAjala kI koTharI se nikala kara una para niyantraNa kara lenA bhI kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| muni jIvana kI apanI sAdhanAgata garimA aura mahattA haiM, use maiM asvIkAra nahI krtaa| mere kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki jo gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara bhI sAdhanA kI unhIM AdhyAtmika U~cAiyoM ko chU letA hai, jise eka muni chUtA hai to vaha gRhastha muni se zreSTha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM gRhastha ko muni kI apekSA jo zreSTha kahA gayA hai, vaha isI apekSA se kahA gayA hai / apanI asmitA ko pahacAneM gRhastha dharma kI isa mahattA ke pratipAdana kA ekamAtra uddezya yahI hai ki hama apane pada kI mahimA ko smjheN| vartamAna saMdarbhoM meM isa mahattA aura garimA kA pratipAdana isalie Avazyaka hai ki Aja kA zrAvaka varga na kevala apane kartavyoM aura dAyitvoM bhUla baiThA hai, apitu vaha apanI asmitA ko bhI kho baiThA hai| Aja aisA samajhA jAne lagA hai ki dharma aura saMskRti kA saMrakSaNa tathA adhyAtmikatA sAdhanA sabhI kucha sAdhuoM kA kAma hai| gRhastha to mAtra upAsaka hai, usake kartavya kI itizrI sAdhusAdhviyoM ko dAna dene taka hI haiN| Aja hameM isa bAta kA ahasAsa karanA hogA ki jaina dharma kI saMgha - vyavasthA meM hamArA kyA aura kitanA garimAmaya sthAna hai ? khATa ke cAra pAyoM meM agara eka caramarAtA aura TUTatA hai to dUsaroM kA astitva nirApada nahIM raha sktaa| yadi zrAvaka varga apane kartavyoM dAyitvoM evaM apanI garimA ko vismRta karatA hai to saMgha ke zeSa ghaTakoM kA astitva bhI nirApada nahIM raha sktaa| Aja vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki hamArA zramaNa aura zramaNI varga bhI zithilAcAra meM AkaNTha DUbatA jA rahA hai| yadi koI usake andara jhA~kakara dekhatA hai to usake andara rahI huyI sar3AMdha se apanA mu~ha napharata se phera letA hai| Aja jinheM hama Adarza aura vandanIya mAna rahe haiM, unake jIvana meM chala, chadma, durAgraha, ahaM ke poSaNa kI pravRttiyA~ aura vAsanAmaya jIvana ke prati lalaka ko dekhakara mana pIr3A se bhara uThatA hai, kintu unake isa patana kA uttaradAyI dUsarA koI nahIM, zrAvaka varga hI hai| yA to hamane unheM isa zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 4 -
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________________ patana ke mArga kI ora DhakelA haiM yA phira kama se kama unake sahabhAgI bane haiN| sAdhu - sAdhviyoM meM zithilAcAra hamAre prazraya se bar3hatA haiM, yaha satya hai ki Aja zrAvaka, unameM bhI vizeSa rUpa se sampanna zrAvaka varga dharma ke nAma para hone vAle bAhyADambaroM meM adhika rUci le letA hai - unakI aura unake tathAkathita gurUoM donoM kI rUci dharma ke nAma para apane-apane ahaM kA poSaNa karane kI hai| vahI sAdhu aura vahI zrAvaka adhika pratiSThi hotA hai, jo jitanI bhIr3a ikaTThI karatA hai| jo majamA jamAne meM jitanA adhika kuzala hai, vaha utanA hI adhika pratiSThita hai / isa saba meM sAdhanA - priya sAdhu aura zrAvaka to kahIM ojhala ho gaye haiN| maiM yaha saba jo kucha kaha rahA hU~ usakA kAraNa munivarga ke prati merI durbhAvanA nahIM hai, apitu usa yathArthatA ko dekhakara jo eka pIr3A aura vyathA hai, usI kA prakaTana hai / bAlyAkAla se lekara jIvana kI isa prauDhAvasthA taka maiMne saMgha ko ati nikaTa se dekhA aura parakhA hai evaM usa nikaTatA meM maiMne jo kucha anubhava kiyA hai, usI yarthAthatA kI bAta kaha rahA huuN| ho sakatA hai ki isake kucha apavAda hoM, lekina sAmAnya sthiti yahI hai / jIvana kA doharApana Aja munivarga kA yathArtha banatA jA rahA hai, lekina ina sabake lie maiM apane ko aura apane sAtha hI gRhastha varga ko adhika uttadAyI mAnatA hU~ / Aja kA gRhastha varga na kevala apane saMrakSaka hone ke dAyitva ko bhUlA hai, apitu vaha svayaM apanI asmitA ko khokara cAritrika patana kI ora tejI se giratA jA rahA hai / jaba hama hI nahIM saMbhalege to dUsaroM ko saMbhAlane kI bAta kyA kreNge| Aja kA gRhastha varga jisa para jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa kA dAyitva hai, usakA jJAna aura AcaraNa donoM hI dizAoM meM tejI se patana huA hai| Aja hamArI sthiti yaha hai ki hameM na to zramaNa jIvana ke naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA bodha hai aura na hama gRhastha jIvana ke Avazyaka kartavyoM aura dAyitvoM ke sandarbha meM hI koI jAnakArI rakhate haiM / Agama jJAna to bahuta dUra kI bAta hai, hameM zrAvaka5- jIvana ke sAmAnya niyamoM kA bhI bodha nahIM hai| dUsarI ora jina sapta vyasanoM se bacanA zrAvaka - jIvana kI sarvaprathama bhUmikA aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai aura jinake AdhAra para vaiyaktika, pArivArika aura sAmAjika sukha-zAnti nirbhara haiM, ve durvyasana tejI se samAja meM praviSTa hote jA rahe haiM a jitanI tejI se aura vyApta hote jA rahe haiM utanI tejI se ve hamAre dharma aura saMskRti ke astitva ke lie eka bahuta bar3A khatarA banate jA rahe haiM / jaina parivAroM meM praviSTa hotA huA madyapAna aura sAmiSa AhAra kyA hamArI sAMskRtika garimA ke mUla para hI prahAra zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA :5
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________________ nahIM hai ? kisI bhI dharma aura saMskRti kA TikAva aura vikAsa usake jJAna aura caritra ke do pakSoM para nirbhara karatA haiM, kintu Aja kA gRhastha varga ina dono hI kSetroM meM tejI se patana kI ora bar3ha rahA hai| Aja sthiti yaha hai ki dharma kevala dikhAve meM raha gayA hai| vaha jIvana se samApta hotA jA rahA hai| kintu hameM yaha yAda rakhanA hogA ki dharma yadi jIvana meM nahIM bacegA to usakA bAhya kalevara bahuta dinoM taka nahIM raha paayegaa| jisa prakAra zarIra se cetanA ke nikala jAne ke bAda zarIra sar3AMdha mArane lagatA hai, vahI sthiti Aja dharma kI ho rahI hai| kucha vyaktigata udAharaNoM ko chor3akara yadi sAmAnya rUpa se kahU~ to Aja cAhe vaha muni varga ho yA gRhastha varga, jIvana se dharma kI AtmA nikala cukI hai| hamAre pAsa kevala dharma kA kalevara zeSa bacA hai aura hama use Dho rahe haiN| yaha satya hai ki vigata kucha varSoM meM dharma ke nAma para zora-zarAbA bar3hA hai, bhIr3a adhika ikaTThI hone lagI hai, majameM jamane lage haiM kintu mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha saba dharma ke kalevara kI antyeSTi kI taiyArI se adhika kucha nahIM hai| sambhavataH aba hameM sAvadhAna ho jAnA cAhie, anyathA hama apane astitva ko kho cuke hoNge| jaisA ki maiMne pUrva meM kahA isa sabake lie antima rUpa se koI bhI uttaradAyI ThaharAyA jAyegA to vaha gRhastha varga hI hogaa| jainadharma meM gRhastha varga kI bhUmikA doharI hai| vaha sAdhaka bhI haiM aura sAdhakoM kA praharI bhii| Aja jaba hama zrAvaka dharma kI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA karanA cAhate haiM to hameM pahale usa yathArtha kI bhUmikA ko dekha lenA hogA, jahA~ Aja kA zrAvaka varga jI rahA hai| zrAvaka jIvana ke jo Adarza aura niyama hamAre AcAryoM ne prastuta kiye haiM, unakI prAsaMgikatA to Aja bhI utanI hI hai, jitanI usa samaya thI, jabaki unakA nirmANa kiyA gayA hogaa| kyA sapta durvyasanoM ke tyAga, mArgAnusArI guNoM ke pAlana evaM zrAvaka ke aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM kI upayogitA aura prAsaMgikatA ko kabhI bhI nakArA jA sakatA haiM ? ve to mAnava jIvana ke zAzvata mUlya haiM, unake aprAsaMgika hone kA to koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| samyak - darzana : gRhastha dharma kA pravezadvAra ___ zrAvaka dharma kI bhUmikA ko prApta karane ke pUrva samyak darzana kI prApti Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| jaina paramparA meM samyak darzana ke artha meM eka vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| samyak darzana kA prAthamika artha Agraha aura vyAmoha se rahita, yathArtha dRSTikoNa rahA hai vaha yathArtha vItarAga jIvana dRSTi thaa| kAlAntara meM vaha jinapraNIta tattvoM ke prati nizcala zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA :6
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________________ zraddhA ke rUpa meM pracalita huaa| vartamAna sandarbhoM meM samyak darzana kA artha deva, gurU aura dharma ke prati zraddhA haiM / sAmAnyatayA vItarAga ko deva, nirgrantha muni ko gurU aura ahiMsA dharma mAneko samyak darzana kahA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki sAdhanA ke kSetra meM binA aTala zraddhA yA nizcala AsthA ke Age bar3hanA sambhava nahIM hai| 'saMzayAtmA vinazyati' 1 mArga ukta satya hai| jaba taka sAdhaka ke mana meM zraddhA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pragati nahIM kara sakatA, na kevala dharma ke kSetra meM zraddhA kI AvazyakatA hai apitu hamAre vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI vaha Avazyaka hai / vaijJAnika gaveSaNA kA prArambha binA kisI parikalpanA (Hypothesis) kI svIkRti ke nahIM hotA hai / gaNita ke aneka savAloM ko hala karane ke lie prArambha meM hameM mAnakara hI calanA hotA hai / koI bhI vyavasAyI binA isa bAta para AsthA rakhe ki grAhaka AyeMge aura mAla bikegA, apane vyavasAya kA prArambha nahIM kara sktaa| koI bhI pathika apane gantavya ko AsthAvAn hue binA usa dizA meM koI gati nahIM karatA / lokajIvana aura sAdhanA sabhI kSetroM me AsthA aura vizvAsa apekSita hai, kintu hameM AsthA (zraddhA) aura andhazraddhA meM bheda karanA hogA / jaina AcAryoM ne gRhasthopAsaka ke lie jisa samyak zraddhA kI AvazyakatA batAI hai, vaha viveka samanvita zraddhA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM dharma ke nAma para pracalita laukika mUr3hatAoM se bacane kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA haiM / kintu vartamAna sandarbhoM meM hamArA samyak darzana svayaM ina mUr3hatAoM se AkrAnta hotA jA rahA hai| Aja samyak darzana ko, jo ki eka Antarika AdhyAtmika anubhUti se phalita upalabdhi hai, lena-dena kI vastu banA diyA gayA hai| Aja hamAre tathAkathita gurUoM ke dvArA samyaktva diyA aura liyA jA rahA hai| kahA jAtA hai "amuka gurU kI samyaktva vosarA do ( chor3a do aura hamArI samyaktva grahaNa kara lo " yaha to satya hai ki gurUjana sAdhaka ko deva, gurU aura dharma kA yathArtha svarUpa batA sakate hai, kintu samyaktva bhI koI aisI vastu nahIM hai, jise kisI ko diyA aura liyA jA sakatA hai / merI tuccha buddhi meM yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI hai ki samyaktva kyA koI bAharI vastu hai, jise koI de yA le sakatA hai / samyaktva parivartana ke nAma para Aja jo sAmpradAyika gherAbandI kI jA rahI hai, vaha mithyAtva ke poSaNa ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hai / usake AdhAra para zrAvakoM meM darAra DAlI jA rahI hai aura logoM ke mana / yaha bAta baiThAyI jA rahI hai ki hama hI kevala sacce gurU haiM aura hama jo kaha rahe haiM, vaha vItarAga kI vANI hai / samyaktva ke yathArtha svarUpa se anabhijJa hama gurUDamavAda ke zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 7
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________________ daladala meM phaMsate cale jA rahe haiM / Aja vItarAgatA ke prati hamArI zraddhA kitanI jarjarI ho cukI hai, isakA pramANa yahI hai ki Aja sAmAnya munijanoM, AcAryoM se lekara gRhastha upAsaka taka sabhI laukika eSaNAoM kI pUrti ke lie vItarAga kI niSkAma bhakti ko bhUlakara tIrthaMkara, devI-devatAoM kI sakAma bhakti meM lage hue haiN| Aja vItarAga tIrthaMkara deva ke sthAna para padmAvatI, cakrezvarI, bhaumiyAjI, ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIra aura nAkor3A bhairava adhika mahattvapUrNa ho gaye haiN| hamAre adhikAMza sAdhu-sAdhvI hI nahIM, AcArya taka yakSoM aura deviyoM kI sAdhanA meM lage haiN| vItarAgatA ke upAsaka isa dharma meM Aja tantra-mantra, jAdU-TonA sabhI kucha praviSTa hote jA rahe haiM / hamAre vItarAgatA ke sAdhaka kahe jAne vAle munijana bhI apanI camatkAra-zakti kA bar3e gaurava ke sAtha bakhAna karate haiM / jisa dharma kI utpatti laukika mUr3hatAoM aura andha-zraddhAoM ko samApta karane ke lie huI ho, vahI Aja andha-vizvAsoM meM AkaNTha DUbatA jA rahA hai / hamArI AsthAe~ vItarAgatA ke sAtha na jur3akara laukika eSaNAoM kI pUrti ke lie jur3a rahI haiN| Aja mahAvIra ke pAlane kI apekSA lakSmIjI kA svapna mahaMgA bikAtA hai / yadi hamArI Asthae~ dharma ke nAma para laukika eSaNAoM kI pUrti taka hI sImita haiM, to phira hamArA vItarAga ke upAsaka hone kA dAvA karanA vyartha hai| Aja jaba hama gRhastha dharma kI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA karanA cAhate haiM to hameM isa yathArtha sthiti ko samajha lenA hogA jIvana meM yA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM samyak zraddhA kI kitanI AvazyakatA hai yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hai, kintu zraddhA ke nAma para andhavizvAsoM kA jo eka duzcakra hama para hAvI hotA jA rahA hai, usase kaise bacA jAya? yahI Aja kA mahatvapUrNa prazna hai| vastutaH isa sabakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki Aja zrAvaka varga ko dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA koI bodha nahIM raha gayA hai / hamArI zraddhA samajhapUrvaka sthira nahIM ho rahI hai zraddhA kA tattva vyaktikA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai lekina yaha tabhI sambhava hai, jaba zraddhA jJAnasammata ho aura hamArI viveka kI A~khe khulI ho / Aja hama usa ukti ko bhUla gaye haiM jisameM kahA gayA hai 'paNNA samimkha dhammaM' arthAta dharma ke svarUpa kI prajJA ke dvArA samIkSA kro| 1 kaSAya - jaya : gRhastha dharma kI sAdhanA kI AdhAra bhUmi zrAvaka dharma aura usakI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA karate samaya hameM zrAvaka AcAra ke mUlabhUta niyamoM kI vartamAna yuga meM kyA upayogitA hai ? isa para vicAra kara - zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 8
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________________ - lenA hogaa| jaina dharma ke anusAra zrAvakatva kI bhUmikA ko prApta karane ke lie sarvaprathama vyakti ko krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ina cAra kaSAyoM kI atitIvra, aniyantrita, niyantrita aura atyalpa ina cAra avasthAoM meM se prathama do avasthaoM para vijaya - prApti ko aparihArya mAnA gayA hai| sAdhaka jaba taka apane krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha para niyantraNa rakhane kI kSamatA ko vikasita nahIM kara letA, taba taka vaha zrAvakatva kI bhUmikA ko prApta karane yogya nahIM hotA hai| zrAvaka dharma ke pAlana ke lie uparyukta caturvidha kaSAyoM para niyantraNa kI kSamatA kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| jaba taka vyakti apane krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha- ina cAra kaSAyoM para kisI bhI prakAra kA niyantraNa kara pAne meM akSama hotA haiM, taba taka vaha zrAvaka dharma kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sktaa| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI pravRttiyoM para niyantraNa kara lene kI kSamatA kA vikAsa ho jAnA hI zrAvaka dharma kI upalabdhi kA prathama caraNa hai / vartamAna sandarbhoM meM ina cAroM azubha AvegoM ke niyantraNa kI upayogitA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jainAgamoM ke anusAra krodha kA tatva pArasparika sauhArda (prIti) ko samApta karatA hai aura sauhArda ke abhAva meM eka dUsare ke prati sandeha aura AzaMkA hotI hai| yaha spaSTa haiM ki sAmAjika jIvana meM pArasparika avizvAsa aura AzaMkAoM ke kAraNa asurakSA kA bhAva panapatA hai aura phalataH hameM apanI zakti kA bahuta kucha apavyaya karanA par3atA haiM / Aja antarrASTriya kSetra meM jo zastra-saMgraha aura sainya - bala bar3hAne kI pravRtti parilakSita ho rahI hai aura jisa para adhikAMza rASTroM kI rASTrIya Aya kA 50 pratizata se adhika vyaya ho rahA hai, vaha saba isa pArasparika avizvAsa kA pariNAma hai | Aja dhArmika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM jo asahiSNutA hai, usake mUla meM ghRNA, vidveSa evaM Akroza kA tattva hI hai / yaha ThIka hai ki vyakti jaba taka parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra se jur3A hai, taba taka usameM kisI sImA taka krodha yA Akroza honA Avazyaka hai, anyathA usakA astitva hI khatareM meM hogA, kintu use niyantraNa meM honA cAhiye aura aparihArya sthiti meM hI usakA prakaTana honA cAhie / hamAre pArasparika sAmAjika sambandhoM meM darAra kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa kAraNa vyakti kA ahaMkAra yA ghamaMDa hai| eka gRhastha ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanI asmitA evaM svAbhimAna kA bodha rakhe, kintu use apane ahaMkAra para niyaMtraNa rakhanA Avazyaka hai| samAja meM jo vighaTana yA TUTanA paidA hotI hai, usakA mukhya kAraNa samAja ke karNadhAroM, phira cAhe ve gRhastha ho yA muni, kA ahaMkAra hI haiM / ahaMkAra pArasparika zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 9
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________________ vinaya evaM sammAna meM bhI bAdhaka hotA hai| isase dUsaroM ke ahaM para coTa pahu~catI haiM aura usake pariNAma svarUpa sAmAjika sambandhoM meM darAra par3ane lagatI hai| ahaMkAra para coTa lagate hI vyakti apanA alaga akhAr3A jamA letA hai, jisake pariNAma svarUpa dharmika evaM sAmpradAyika saMgharSa hote haiN| sabhI sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM ke pIche kucha vyaktiyoM ke apane ahaM ke poSaNa kI bhAvanA ke atirikta anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai| kapaTavRtti yA doharA jIvana vartamAna sAmAjika jIvana kA eka sabase bar3A abhizApa haiN| jhUThe ahaM ke poSaNa ke nimitta athavA apane vyaktigata svArtho ko sAdhane ke lie jo chala-chadma sAmAjikajIvana meM bar3ha rahe haiM, usakA mUlabhUta kAraNa kapaTavRtti (mAyA) hI hai| . isa prakAra aniyantrita lobha saMgrahavRtti kA vikAsa karatA hai aura usake kAraNa zoSaNa panapatA hai aura pariNAma svarUpa samAja meM garIba aura amIra kI khAI bar3hatI jAtI hai| pU~jIpati aura zramikoM ke madhya hone vAlA varga-saMgharSa isI lobhavRtti yA saMgrahavRtti kA pariNAma hai| Aja jaina samAja meM aparigraha kI avadhAraNA kA koI artha hI nahI raha gayA hai| use kevala muniyoM ke sandarbha meM hI samajhA jAne lagA hai| jaina dharma meM gRhasthopAsaka ke lie dhanArjana kA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA, para yaha avazya kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko eka sImA se adhika saMcaya nahIM karanA caahie| usakI saMcayavRtti yA lobha para niyantraNa honA caahie| Aja samAja meM jo Arthika vaiSamya bar3hatA jA rahA hai| usake pIche aniyaMtrita lobha yA saMgrahavRtti hI mukhya hai| yadi dhanArjana ke sAtha hI vyakti kI apane bhoga kI vRtti para aMkuza hotA hai aura saMgraha-vRtti kA parisImana hotA haiM, to vaha arjita dhana kA pravAha loka maMgala ke kAryo meM hotA haiM, jisase sAmAjika sauhArda aura sahayoga bar3hatA hai tathA dhanavAnoM ke prati abhAvagrastoM ke mana meM sadbhAva utpanna hotA haiM / jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM aise aneka zrAvakaratnoM ke udAharaNa haiM, jinhoMne apanI samagra sampatti ko samAjahita meM samarpita kara diyA, Aja usI Adarza ke punarjAgaraNa kI AvazyakatA hai| saMkSepa meM sAmAjika jIvana meM jo bhI viSamatA aura saMgharSa vartamAna meM haiM, una sabake pIche kahIM na kahIM aniyantrita Aveza, ahaMkAra chala - chadma (kapaTa-vRtti) tathA saMgrahavRtti haiN| inhIM aniyantrita kaSAyoM ke kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA aura azAnti utpanna hotI haiN| Aveza yA aniyantrita krodha ke kAraNa pArasparika saMgharSa, AkramaNa yuddha evaM hatyAeM hotI haiN| AvezapUrNa vyavahAra dUsaroM ke mana meM avizvAsa zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 10
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________________ utpanna karatA hai aura phalataH sAmAnya jIvana meM jo sauhArda honA cAhie, vaha bhaMga ho jAtA hai| garva yA ahaMkAra kI manovRtti ke kAraNa U~ca-nIca kA bhedabhAva, ghRNA aura vidveSa panapate haiN| sAmAjika jIvana meM jo darAreM utpanna hotI haiM, unakA AdhAra ahaMkAra hI hotA haiN| mAyA yA kapaTa kI manovRtti bhI jIvana ko chala-chadma se yukta banAtI h| isase jIvana meM doharApana AtA hai tathA antara - bAhya kI ekarUpatA samApta ho jAtI hai| phalataH mAnasika evaM sAmAjika zAMti bhaMga hotI hai| saMgraha kI manovRtti ke kAraNa zoSaNa aura vyAvasAyika jIvana meM apramANikatA phalita hotI hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki zrAvaka jIvana ke kaSAya catuSTaya para jo niyantraNa lagAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vaha sauhArda evaM sAmaJjasyapUrNa jIvana evaM mAnasika tathA sAmAjika zAnti ke liye Avazyaka hai| usakI prAsaMgikatA kabhI bhI nakArI nahIM jA sakatI hai| sapta durvyasana- tyAga aura usakI prAsaMgikatA sapta durvyasanoM kA tyAga gRhastha-dharma kI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai| unake tyAga ko gRhastha-AcAra ke prAthamika niyama yA mUla guNoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vasunandi-zrAvakacAra meM sapta durvyasanoM ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| Aja bhI durvyasana- tyAga, gRhastha-dharma kA prAthamika evaM anivArya caraNa mAnA jAtA hai| sapta durvyasana nimna haiM1. dyUta-krIr3A (juA) 3. madyapAna 2. mAMsAhAra 5. parastrIgamana 4. vezyAgamana * 7. caurya-karma . 6. zikAra aura uparyukta sapta durvyasanoM ke sevana se vyakti kA kitanA cAritrika patana hotA hai, ise hara koI jAnatA hai| 1. dyUta-krIr3A :- vartamAna yuga meM saTTA, lATarI Adi dyUta-krIr3A ke vividha rUpa pracalita ho gaye haiN| inake kAraNa aneka parivAroM kA jIvana saMkaTa meM par3a jAtA hai ataH isa durvyasana ke tyAga ko kauna aprAsaMgika kaha sakatA hai| dyUta-krIr3A ke tyAga kI prAsaMgikatA ke sambandha meM koI bhI vivekazIla manuSya do mata nahIM ho sktaa| vastutaH vartamAna yuga meM dyUta-krIr3A ke jo vividha rUpa hamAre sAmane ubhara kara Aye haiM, unakA AdhAra kevala manoraMjana nahIM haiM, apitu unake pIche binA kisI zrama ke ArthopArjana kI zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 11
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________________ duSpravRtti hai| saTTe ke vyavasAya kA praveza jaina parivAroM meM sarvAdhika huA hai| vyakti isa prakAra ke dhandhe meM apane ko niyojita kara letA hai, to zramapUrvaka arthopArjana ke prati usakI niSThA samApta ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM corI, ThagI Adi dUsarI burAiyA~ panaparta hai| Aja isake prakaTa-aprakaTa vividha rUpa hamAre samakSa A rahe hai| unase satarka rahana Avazyaka hai, anyathA hamArI bhAvI pIr3hI meM zramapUrvaka arthopArjana kI niSThA samApta he jaavegii| yadyapi isa durguNa kA prArambha eka manoraMjana ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hotA hai, kintu Age calakara yaha bhayaMkara pariNAma upasthita karatA hai| jaina samAja ke sampanna parivAroM meM aura vivAha Adi ke prasaMgoM para isakA jo pracalana bar3hatA jA rahA hai, usake prati hameM eka sajaga dRSTi rakhanI hogI, anyathA isake duSpariNAmoM ko bhugatanA hogaa| Aja ka yuvAvarga jo ina pravRttiyoM meM adhika rasa letA haiM, isake duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate hue bhI apanI bhAvI pIr3hI ko isase roka pAne meM asaphala rhegaa| 2. mAMsAhAra :- vizva meM yadi zAkAhAra kA pUrNa samarthaka koI dharma hai, to vaha mAtra jaina dharma hai| jainadharma meM gRhasthopAsaka ke lie mAMsAhAra sarvathA tyAjya mAnA gayA hai| kintu Aja samAja meM mAMsAhAra ke prati eka lalaka bar3hatI jA rahI hai aura jaina parivAroM meM usakA praveza ho gayA hai| ataH isakI prAsaMgikatA para carcA karanA ati Avazyaka hai| mAMsAhAra ke niSedha ke pIche mAtra hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM, apitu anya dUsare bhI kAraNa haiN| yaha satya haiM ki mAMsa kA utpAdana binA hiMsA ke sambhava nahIM hai aura hiMsA krUratA ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| yaha sahI hai ki mAnavIya AhAra ke anya sAdhanoM meM bhI kisI sImA taka hiMsA jur3I huI hai, kintu mAMsAhAra ke nimitta jo hiMsA yA vadha kiyA jAtA hai, usake lie vadha-kartA kA adhika krUra honA anivArya hai| krUratA ke kAraNa dayA, karUNA evaM AtmIyatA jaise komala guNoM kA hrAsa hotA hai aura samAja meM bhaya, AtaMka evaM hiMsA kA tANDava prArambha ho jAtA hai| yaha anubhUta satya hai ki ve sabhI deza evaM kaumeM, jo mAMsAhArI haiM aura hiMsA jinake dharma kA aMga mAna lI gaI hai, unameM hone vAle hiMsaka tANDava ko dekhakara Aja bhI dila dahala uThatA hai| muslima rASTroM meM Aja manuSya ke jIvana kA mUlya gAjara aura mUlI se adhika nahIM raha gayA hai| kevala vyaktigata hitoM ke lie hI dharma aura rAjanIti ke nAma para vahA~ jo kucha ho rahA hai, vaha hama sabhI jAnate haiN| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki mAnava-jIvana se krUratA samApta ho aura komala guNoM kA vikAsa ho, to hameM una kAraNoM ko bhI dUra karanA hogA, jinase jIvana meM krUratA AtI haiN| mAMsAhAra aura krUratA paryAyavAcI haiM - yadi dayA, karUNA, zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 12
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________________ bAtsalya kA vikAsa karanA hai, to mAMsAhAra kA tyAga apekSita hai| dUsare, mAMsAhAra kI nirarthakatA ko mAnava-zarIra kI saMracanA ke AdhAra para hI siddha kiyA jA sakatA haiN| mAnava-zarIra kI saMracanA use nirAmiSa prANI hI siddha karatI h| mAMsAhAra mAnava ke lie kitanA hAnikAraka hai, yaha bAta aneka vaijJAnika anusaMdhAnoM pramANita ho cukI hai| isa laghu nibandha meM usa sabakI carcA kara pAnA to sambhava nahIM hai, kintu yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki mAMsAhAra zArIrika svAstha ke lie hAnikAraka hai aura manuSya svabhAvataH eka zAkAhArI prANI hai| mAMsAhAra ke samarthana meM sabase bar3A tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki bar3hatI huI mAnava-jAti kI AbAdI ko dekhate hue bhaviSya meM mAMsAhAra ke atirikta anya koI vikalpa zeSa nahIM rahegA, jisase mAnava jAti kI kSudhA ko zAnta kiyA jA sake / kintu usake viparita kRSi ke kSetra meM bhI aise aneka vaijJAnika prayoga hue haiM aura ho rahe haiM jo spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki manuSya ko abhI zatAbdiyoM taka nirAmiSa bhojI banAkara jilAyA jA sakatA hai / aneka Arthika sarvekSaNoM meM yaha bhI pramANita ho cukA hai ki zAkAhAra mAMsAhAra kI apekSA adhika sulabha aura sastA hai / ataH manuSya kI svAda - loluptA ke atirikta aura koI tarka aisA nahI hai, jo mAMsAhAra kA samarthaka ho sake / zaktidAyaka AhAra ke rUpa meM mAMsAhAra kA sarmathana eka khokhalA dAvA hai| yaha siddha ho cukA haiM ki mAMsAhAriyoM kI apekSA zAkAhArI adhika zakti sampanna hote haiM, aura adhika kAma karane kI kSamatA hotI hai| zera Adi mAMsAhArI prANI zAkAhArI prANiyoM para jo vijaya prApta kara lete haiM, usakA kAraNa unakI zaktinahI balki unake nakha, dAMta Adi krUra zArIrika aMga hI haiN| I jaina samAja ke lie Aja yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki vaha samAja meM bar3hatI jA rahI sAmiSa bhojana ke lie jo lalaka haiM, use kaise rokeM ? Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hameM mAMsAhAra aura zAkAhAra ke guNa-doSoM kI samIkSA karate hue tulanAtmaka vivaraNa se yukta aisA sAhitya prakAzita karanA hogA, jo Aja ke yuvaka ko tarka-saMgata rUpa se yaha ahasAsa karavA sake ki mAMsAhAra kI apekSA zAkAhAra eka upayukta bhojana h| dUsare samAja meM jo mAMsAhAra ke prati lalaka bar3hatI jA rahI hai, usakA kAraNa samAja niyaMtraNa kA abhAva tathA mAMsAhArI samAja se bar3hatA huA ghaniSTha paricaya hai, jisa para kisI sImA taka aMkuza lagAnA Avazyaka hai / 3. madyapAna :- tIsarA durvyasana madyapAna mAnA gayA hai aura gRhasthopAsaka ko isake zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 13
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________________ tyAga kA spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai| buddha ne to isa duSpravRtti ko rokane ke lie apane paMcazIloM meM aparigraha ke sthAna para madyapAna niSedha ko sthAna diyA thaa| yaha eka aisI burAI hai, jo mAnava samAja ke garIba aura amIra donoM hI vargoM meM hAvI hai| jaina paramparA meM madyapAna kA niSedha na kevala isalie kiyA gayA hai ki vaha hiMsA se utpAdita hai, apitu isalie ki isase mAnavIya viveka kuNThita hotA hai aura jaba mAnavIya viveka hI kuNThita ho jAegA to dUsarI sArI burAiyA~ vyakti ke jIvana meM svAbhAvika rUpa se praviSTa ho jaaveNgii| Arthika aura cAritrika sabhI durAcaraNoM ke mUla meM nazIle padArthoM kA sevana h| sAmAnyatayA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAdaka dravyoM ke sevana se manuSya apanI mAnasika cintAoM ko bhUla kara apane tanAvoM ko kama karatA hai, kintu yaha eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hI hai| tanAva ke kAraNa jIvita rakhakara kevala kSaNa bhara ke lie apane viveka ko khokara vismRti ke kSaNoM meM jAnA, tanAvoM ke nirAkaraNa evaM parimArjana kA sArthaka upAya nahIM hai| madyapAna ko bhI sabhI durguNoM kA dvAra kahA gayA hai / vastutaH usakI samasta burAiyoM para vicAra karane ke lie eka svataMtra nibandha Avazyaka hogaa| yahA~ kevala itanA kahanA hI paryApta hai ki sArI burAIyA~ viveka ke kuNThita hone para panapatI haiM aura madyapAna vivekako kuNThita karatA hai| ataH manuSya ke mAnavIya guNoM ko jIvita rakhane ke lie isakA tyAga Avazyaka hai| manuSya aura pazu ke bIca yadi koI vibhAjaka rekhA hai to vaha viveka hI hai aura jaba viveka hI samApta ho jAyegA to manuSya aura pazu meM koI antara hI nahIM raha jaaegaa| mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana manuSya ko mAnavIya stara se girAkara use pAzavika stara para pahu~cA detA hai| yaha bhI suvidita tathya hai ki jaba yaha durvyasana gale laga jAtA hai to apanI ati para pahu~cAe binA samApta nahIM hotaa| vaha na kevala viveka ko hI samApta karatA hai apitu Arthika aura zArIrika dRSTi se vyaktiko jarjara banA detA hai| Aja jaina samAja ke sampanna parivAroM meM yaha durvyasana bhI praveza kara cukA hai| maiM aise aneka parivAroM ko jAnatA hU~ jo dharma ke kSetra meM agraNI zrAvaka mAne jAte haiM kintu isa durvyasana se mukta nahIM haiN| Aja hameM isa prazna para gambhIratA se vicAra karanA hogA ki samAja ko isase kisa prakAra bacAyA jaae| jaina samAja ne jo cAritrika garimA, Arthika sampannatA tathA samAja meM pratiSThA arjita kI thI usakA mUlabhUta AdhAra ina durvyasanoM se mukta rahanA hI thA / ina durvyasanoM ke praveza ke sAtha hamArI cAritrika uccatA aura sAmAjika pratiSThA dhIre zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 14
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________________ dhIre samApta hotI jA rahI haiM aura aba eka dina aisA bhI AegA jaba hama apanI Arthika sampannatA se hAtha dho baittheNge| yadi hama sajaga nahIM hue to bhaviSya hameM kSamA nahIM kregaa| 4. vezyAgamana :- zrAvaka ke sapta durvyasana tyAga ke antargata vezyAgamana ke tyAga kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha sunizcita satya hai ki vezyAgamana na kevala samAjika dRSTi se apitu Arthika evaM zArIrika svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI avAMchanIya mAnA gayA hai / usake anaucitya para yahA~ koI vizeSa carcA karanA Avazyaka pratIta nahI hotaa| sAmAjika sadAcAra aura pArivArika sukha-zAnti ke lie vezyAgamana kI pravRtti dhIre-dhIre kSINa hotI jA rahI hai / yadyapi isa pravRtti ke jo dUsare rUpa sAmane A rahe hai, ve usakI apekSA adhika cintanIya haiM, yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki cAhe khule rUpa meM vezyAvRtti para aMkuza lagA ho, kintu chadma-rUpa meM yaha pravRtti bar3hI hI hai| jaina samAja ke sampanna varga meM ina chadma rUpoM ke prati lalaka bar3hatI jA rahI hai, jisa para aMkuza lagAnA Avazyaka hai| 5. parastrIgamana :- parastrIgamana parivAra evaM samAja vyavasthA kA ghAtaka hai / isake pariNAma svarUpa na kevala eka hI parivAra kA pArivArika jIvana dUSita evaM azAMta banatA hai, apitu aneka parivAroM ke jIvana azAnta bana jAte haiM / vezyAvRtti kI apekSA yaha adhika doSa-pUrNa haiM / kyoMki isameM chala-chadma aura jIvana kA doharApana bhI jur3a jAtA haiM / ataH sAmAjika dRSTi se yaha bahuta bar3A aparAdha hai / Aja kAmavAsanA kI tRpti kA yaha chadma rUpa adhika phailatA jA rahA hai| pAzcAtya dezoM kI vAsanAtmaka ucchRMkhalA kA prabhAva hamAre deza meM bhI huA hai| klaboM aura hoTaloM ke mAdhyama se yaha vikRti adhika tejI se vyApta hotI jA rahI hai / jaina samAja kA bhI kucha sampanna evaM dhanI varga isakI giraphta meM Ane lagA hai| yadyapi abhI samAja kA bahuta bar3A bhAga isa durguNa se mukta hai kintu dhIre-dhIre phaila rahI isa vikRti ke prati sajaga honA Avazyaka hai / 6. zikAra : - manoraMjana ke nimitta athavA mAMsAhAra ke lie jaMgala ke prANiyoM kA vadha karanA zikAra kahA jAtA hai / yaha vyakti ko krUra banAtA hai / yadi manuSya ko mAnavIya komala guNoM se yukta banAye rakhanA hai to isa vRtti kA tyAga apekSita hai| Aja zAsana dvArA bhI vanya prANiyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie zikAra kI pravRtti para aMkuza lagAyA jA rahA hai ataH isa pravRtti ke tyAga kA aucitya nirvivAda hai / Aja hama isa bAta ko gaurava se kaha sakate haiM ki jaina samAja isa durguNa se mukta hai, kintu Aja saundarya-prasAdhanoM jinakA upabhoga samAja meM dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA jA rahA hai, isa nimitta avyakta rUpa se ho rahI zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 15
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________________ hiMsA ke prati sajaga rahanA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki unakA utpAdana upabhoktAoM ke nimitta hI hotA hai aura yadi hama usakA upabhoga karate haiM to usa hiMsA evaM krUratA se apane ko bacA nahIM sakate haiM / saundarya prasAdhanoM ke nirmANa evaM parIkSaNa ke nimitta hiMsA ke jo krUratama rUpa apanAe jAte haiM ve jaina patra-patrikAoM meM bahucarcita rahe haiM ataH una saba para yahA~ vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta nahIM hotaa| kintu isa sandarbha meM hameM sajaga avazya rahanA cAhie ki hama isa krUratA ke bhAgI na bneN| 6. corI :- dUsaroM kI sampatti yA dUsaroM ke adhikAra kI vastuoM ko unakI binA anumati ke grahaNa karanA corI hai| apanI AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha aura saMcaya ko bhI corI kahA jA sakatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne vyAvasAyika apramANikatA, kara-apavaMcana tathA rASTrIya hitoM ke virUddha kArya karanA Adi ko bhI corI ke antargata mAnA haiM / yadyapi sAmAnyatayA jaina parivAra isa durvyasana se mukta kahe jA sakate haiM kintu jainAcAryoM ne isakI jo sUkSma vyAkhyA kI hai, usa AdhAra para Aja kA gRhastha varga isa durvyasana se kitanA mukta hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / vyAvasAyika apramANikatA ke isa yuga meM isakI prAsaMgikatA ko nakArA to nahIM jA sakatA kintu vartamAna yuga meM kauna isase kitanA baca sakegA isa para vyAvahArika dRSTi se vicAra karanA apekSita hai| gRhastha jIvana kI vyAvahArika nIti gRhastha jIvana meM kaise jInA cAhie, isa sambandha meM thor3A nirdeza Avazyaka hai| gRhastha upAsaka kA vyAvahArika jIvana kaisA ho isa sambandha meM jaina AgamoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare hue kucha nirdeza mila jAte haiN| lekina bAda meM jaina vicArakoM ne kathA-sAhitya, upadezasAhitya, evaM AcAra sambandhI sAhitya meM isa sandarbha meM eka nizcita rUparekhA prastuta kI haiN| yaha eka svataMtra zodha viSaya haiM / hama apane vivecana ko AcArya nemicandra ke pravacanasAroddhAra, AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra tathApaMDita AzAdharajI ke sAgAradharmAmRta taka hI sImita rkheNge| sabhI vicArakoM kI yahI mAnyatA hai ki jo vyaktijIvana ke sAmAnya vyavahAroM meM kuzala nahIM haiM, vaha AdhyAtmika jIvana kI sAdhanA meM Age nahIM bar3ha sktaa| dharmika yA AdhyAtmika hone ke lie vyAvahArika yA sAmAjika honA pahalI zarta hai| vyavahAra se hI paramArthasAdhA jA sakatA hai| dharma kI pratiSThA ke pahale jIvana meM vyavahArapaTutA evaM sAmAjika jIvana jIne kI kalA kA AnA Avazyaka hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa tathya ko bahuta pahale hI zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 16
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________________ samajha liyA thaa| ataH aNavrata-sAdhanA ke pUrva hI ina yogyatAoM kA sampAdana Avazyaka AcArya hemacanadra ne inheM "mArgAnusArI" guNa kahA haiN| dharma-mArga kA anusaraNa karane ke lie ina guNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai| unhoMne yogazAstra ke dvitIya evaM tRtIya prakAza meM zrAvaka-dharma kA vivecana kiyA haiM- (1). nyAya evaM nIti pUrvaka dhanopArjana krnaa| (2). samAja meM jo jJAnavRddha aura vayovRddha ziSTa-jana haiM, unakA yathocita sammAna karanA, unase zikSA grahaNa karanA aura unake AcAra kI prazaMsA krnaa| (3). samAna kula aura AcAravicAra vAle, svadharmI kintu bhinna gotrotpanna janoM kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha krnaa| (4). corI, parastrIgamana, asatya bhASaNa Adi pApa karmoM kA aihika-pAralaukika kaTuka vipAka jAnakara, pApAcAra kA tyAga krnaa| (5). apane deza ke kalyANakArI AcAravicAra evaM saMskRti kA pAlana karanA tathA saMrakSaNa krnaa| (6). dUsaroM kI nindA na karanA 1 (7). aise makAna meM nivAsa karanA jo na khulA aura na adhika gupta ho, jo surakSA vAlA bhI ho aura jisameM avyAhata vAyu evaM prakAza A ske| (8). sadAcArI janoM kI saMgati karanA / (9). mAtA-pitA kA sammAna karanA, unheM saba prakAra se santuSTa rakhanA / (10). jahA~ vAtAvaraNazAntiprada naho, jahA~ nirAkulatA ke sAtha jIvana-yApana karanA kaThina ho, aise grAma yA nagara meM nivAsa na krnaa| (11). deza, jAti evaM kula ke virUddha kArya na karanA, jaise madirApAna Adi nahIM karanA / (12). deza aura kAla ke anusAra vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa krnaa| (13). Aya se adhika vyaya na karanA aura ayogya kSetra meM vyaya na karanA, Aya ke anusAra vastra pahananA / (14). dharma-zravaNa kI icchA rakhanA, avasara milane para zravaNa karanA, zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA, virUddha artha se bacanA, vastusvarUpa kA parijJAna prApta karanA aura tattvajJa bananA Adi buddhi ke ATha guNoM ko prApta karanA / (15). dharmazravaNa karake jIvana ko uttarottara ucca aura pavitra bnaanaa| (16). ajIrNa hone para bhojana na karanA, yaha svAstha-rakSA kA mUla maMtra haiN| (17). samaya para pramANopota bhojana karanA, svAda ke vazIbhUta ho adhika na khaanaa| (18). dharma, artha aura kAma purUSArtha kA isa prakAra sevana karanA ki jisase kisI meM bAdhA utpanna na ho| dhanopArjana ke binA gRhasthAzrama cala nahIM sakatA aura gRhastha kAma purUSArtha kA bhI sarvathA tyAgI nahI ho sakatA, tathApi dharma ko bAdhA pahuMcA kara artha-kAma kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| (19). atithi, sAdhu aura dIna janoM ko yathA yogya dAna denA / (20). AgrahazIla na honaa| (21). saujanya, audArya, dAkSiNya Adi guNoM ko prApta karane ke lie prayatnazIla zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 17
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________________ honA / (22). ayogya deza aura ayogya kAla meM gamana na karanA / ( 23 ). deza, kAla, vAtAvaraNa aura svakIya sAmarthya kA vicAra karake hI koI kArya prArambha karanA / (24). AcAravRddha aura jJAnavRddha purUSoM ko apane ghara Amantrita karanA, AdarapUrvaka biThalAnA, sammAnita karanA aura unakI yathocita sevA karanA / ( 25 ) . mAtA-pitA, patnI, putraputrI Adi AzritoM kA yathAyogya bharaNa-poSaNa karanA, unake vikAsa meM sahAyaka bananA / ( 26 ). dIrghadarzI honA, kisI bhI kArya ko prArambha karane ke pUrva hI usake guNAvaguNa para vicAra kara lenA / ( 27 ). viveka zIla honaa| jisameM hita-ahita, kRtya - akRtya kA viveka nahIM hotA, usa pazu ke samAna puruSa ko anta meM pazcAttApa karanA par3atA hai / ( 28 ) . kRtajJa honA / upakArI ke upakAra ko vismaraNa kara denA ucita nahIM / ( 29 ). ahaMkAra se bacakara vinamra honA / ( 30 ). lajjAzIla honA / ( 31 ) . karuNAzIla honA 1 ( 32 ) . saumya honA / ( 33 ). yathAzakti paropakAra karanA / ( 34 ) . kAma, krodha, moha, mada, aura mAtsarya, ina Antarika ripuoM se bacane kA prayatna karanA aura ( 35 ) . indriyoM ko ucchRMkhala na hone denA / indriyavijetA gRhastha hI dharma kI ArAdhanA karane kI pAtratA prApta karatA hai / AcArya nemicandra ne pravacanasAroddhAra meM bhinna rUpa se zrAvaka ke 21 guNoM kA ullekha kiyA haiM aura yaha mAnA haiM ki ina 21 guNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA vyakti hI aNuvratoM kI sAdhanA kA pAtra hotA haiN| AcArya dvArA nirdezita zrAvaka ke 21 guNa nimna haiM: - ( 1 ) akSudrapana ( vizAla hRdayatA ), ( 2 ). svasthatA, ( 3 ). saumyatA, ( 4 ). lokapriyatA, ( 5 ). akrUratA, (6) pApabhIrUtA, (7). azaThatA, ( 8 ). sudakSatA ( dAnazIla ), ( 9 ). lajjAzIlatA, ( 10 ) . dayAlutA, ( 11 ). guNAnurAga, ( 12 ) . priyasambhASaNa evaM supakSayukta, ( 16 ). namratA, ( 17 ). vizeSajJatA, ( 18 ). vRddhAnugAmI, ( 19 ) . kRtajJa, ( 20 ). parahitakArI (paropakArI) aura ( 21 ). labdhalakSya (jIvana ke sAdhya kA jJAtA) / paMr3ita AzadharajI ne apane graMtha sAgAra - dharmAmRta meM nimna 17 guNoM kA nirdeza kiyA haiM - ( 1 ) . nyAyapUrvaka dhana kA arjana karane vAlA, (2). guNIjanoM ko mAnane vAlA, (3). satyabhASI, (4). dharma, artha aura kAma (trivarga) kA paraspara virodharahita sevana karane vAlA, ( 5 ). yogya strI, ( 6 ). yogya sthAna (muhallA ), ( 7 ). yogya makAna, (8). lajjAzIla, (9). yogya AhAra, ( 10 ) . yogya AcaraNa, ( 11 ). zreSTha purUSoM kI saMgati, (12). buddhimAn, ( 13 ). kRtajJa, ( 14 ) jitendriya, ( 15 ). dharmopadeza zravaNa zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 18
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________________ karane vAlA, (16). dayAlu aura (17). pApoM se Darane vAlA - aisA vyaktisAgAradharma (grahastha dharma) kA AcaraNa kreN| paMr3ita AzAdharajI ne jina guNoM kA nirdeza diyA haiM unameM se adhikAMza kA nirdeza donoM pUrvavartI AcAryo ke dvArA kiyA jA cukA haiN| uparyukta vivecana se jo bAta adhika spaSTa hotI haiM, vaha yaha haiM ki jaina AcAradarzana manuSya jIvana ke vyAvahArika pakSa kI upekSA karake nahI cltaa| jainAcAryoM ne jIvana ke vyavahArika pakSa ko gaharAI se parakhA haiM aura itanA susaMskRta banAne kA prayAsa kiyA haiM ki jisake dvArA vyakti isa jagata meM bhI saphala saphala jIvana jI sakatA haiM / yahIM nahIM, ina sadguNoM meM se adhikAMza kA saMbaMdha hamAre sAmAjika jIvana se haiN| vaiyaktika jIvana meM inakA vikAsa sAmAjika jIvana ke madhura saMbaMdhoM kA sRjana karatA haiN| ye vaiyaktika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka haiM / jainAcAryoM ke anusAra ye AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke pravezadvAra haiM / sAdhaka inakA yogya rIti se AcaraNa karane ke bAda hI aNuvratoM aura mahAvratoM kI sAdhanA kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatA haiN| zrAvaka ke bAhara vratoM kI prAsaMgikatA jainadharma ke zrAvaka ke nimna bAraha vrata haiM - (1). ahiMsA vrata (2). satya vrata (3). acaurya vrata (4). sva patnI saMtoSa vrata (5). parigraha-parimANa vrata (6). dik-parimANa vrata (7). upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata (8). anarthadaNDa viramaNa va (9). sAmAyika vrata (10). dezAvakAsika vrata (11). proSadhopavAsa vrata (12). atithi saMvibhAga vrata (1). ahiMsA aNuvrata :- gRhasthopAsaka saMkalpapUrvaka trasaprANiyoM (calane-phirane vAle zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 19
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________________ prANiyoM) kI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| hiMsA ke cAra rUpa haiM -1. AkrAmaka (saMkalpI), 2. surakSAtmaka (virodhajA), 3. audyogika (udyogajA), 4. jIvana-yApana ke anya kAryoM meM hAne vAlI (aarmbhjaa)| hiMsA ke ye cAroM rUpa bhI do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiye gaye haiM-1. hiMsA kI jAtI hai aura 2. hiMsA karanI par3atI hai| isase AkrAmaka hiMsA kI jAtI haiM, jabaki surakSAtmaka, audyogika aura ArambhajA hiMsA karanI par3atI hai| surakSAtmaka, audyogika aura ArambhajA hiMsA meM hiMsA kA nirNaya to hotA hai, kintu vaha nirNaya vivazatA meM lenA hotA hai, ataH use svataMtra aicchika nirNaya nahIM kaha sakate haiN| ina sthitiyoM meM hiMsA kI nahI jAtI, apitu karanI par3atI hai| surakSAtmaka hiMsA kevala surakSAtmaka dRSTi se hI karanI par3atI hai| isake atirikta hiMsA kA eka rUpa vaha hai jisameM hiMsA ho jAtI hai, jaisekRSikArya karate hue sAvadhAnI ke bAvajUda ho jAne vAlI trasa-hiMsA / jIvanarakSaNa evaM AjIvikopArjana meM hone vAlI hiMsA se usakA vrata dUSita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA pAlana jisa sUkSmatA ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha use avyAvahArika banA detA hai kintu yadi hama gRhastha upAsaka ke ahiMsA aNuvrata ke uparyukta vivecana ko dekhate haiM to yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahiMsA kI jaina avadhAraNA kisI bhI sthiti meM aprAsaMgika aura avyAvahArika nahIM haiN| vaha na to vyakti yA rASTra ke Atma-surakSA ke prayatna meM bAdhaka hai aura na usakI audyogika pragati meM / usakA virodha hai to mAtra AkrAmaka hiMsA se aura Aja koI bhI vivekazIla prANI yA rASTra AkrAmaka hiMsA kA sarmathaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| gRhastha upAsaka ke ahiMsANuvrata ke jo pAMca aticAra (doSa) batAye gaye haiM ve bhI pUrNatayA vyAvahArika aura prAsaMgika haiN| ina aticAroM kI prAsaMgika vyAkhyA nimna haiM1. bandhana :-prANiyoM ko baMdhana meM DAlanA / Adhunika sandarbha meM adhInastha karmacAriyoM ko nizcita samayAvadhi se adhika rokakara kArya lenA athavA kisI kI svataMtratA kA apaharaNa karanA bhI isI koTi meM AtA haiN| 2. vadha :- aMgopAMga kA chedana aura ghAtaka prahAra krnaa| 3. vRtticcheda :- kisI kI AjIvikA ko chInanA yA usameM bAdhA ddaalnaa| 4. atibhAra :- prANI kI sAmarthya se adhika bojha lAdanA yA kArya lenaa| 5. bhakta - pAna nirodha:-adhInastha pazuoM evaM karmacAriyoM kI samaya para evaM Avazyaka bhojana-pAnI kI vyavasthA na krnaa| uparyukta anaitika AcaraNoM kI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI yathAvata hai| zAsana ne zanaiH zanaiH inakI prAsaMgikatA ke AdhAra para inheM rokane hetu kucha zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 20
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________________ niyama banAye haiM jabaki jainAcAryoM ne do hajAra varSa pUrva hI ina niyamoM kI vyavasthA kara dI thii| 2. satyANuvrata :- gRhastha ko nimna pA~ca kAraNoM se asatya-bhASaNa kA niSedha kiyA gayA haiM - 1. vara-kanyA ke sambandha meM asatya jAnakArI denaa| 2. pazu Adi ke kraya-vikraya hetu asatya jAnakArI denaa| 3. bhUmi Adi ke svAmitva ke sambandha meM asatya jAnakArI denaa| 4. kisI kI dharohara dabAne yA apane vyaktigata svArtha ko siddha karane hetu asatya bolnaa| 5. jhUThI sAkSI denaa| . isa aNuvrata ke pA~ca aticAra yA doSa nimna haiM - 1. avicArapUrvaka bolanA yA mithyA doSAropaNa krnaa| 2. gopanIyatA bhaMga krnaa| 3. svapatnI yA mitra ke gupta rahasyoM ko prakaTa krnaa| 4. mithyA upadeza arthAt logoM ko bhkaanaa| 5. kUTa lekhakaraNa arthAt jhUThe dastAveja taiyAra karanA, nakalI mudrA (mohara) lagAnA yA jAlI hastAkSara krnaa| uparyukta sabhI niSedhoM kI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI nirvivAda hai| vartamAna yuga meM bhI ye sabhI dUSita pravRttiyA~ pracalita haiM tathA zAsana aura samAja ina para roka lagAnA cAhatA hai| 3. asteyANuvrata :- vastu ke svAmI kI anumati ke binA kisI vastu kA grahaNa karanA corI hai| gRhastha sAdhaka ko isa dUSita pravRtti se bacane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isakI vistRta carcA hama sapta durvyasana ke saMdarbha meM kara cuke haiM, ataH yahA~ kevala isake nimna aticAroM kI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA kareMge - 1. corI kI vastu khriidnaa| 2. cauryakarma meM sahayoga denaa| 3. zAsakIya niyamoM kA atikramaNa tathA kara apavaMcana krnaa| 4. mApa-taula meM apramANikatA rkhnaa| 5. vastuoM meM milAvaTa krnaa| uparyukta pA~coM duSpravRttiyA~ Aja bhI anucita evaM zAsana dvArA daNDanIya mAnI jAtI haiM ataH inakA niSedha aprAsaMgika yA avyAvahArika nahIM haiN| vartamAna yuga meM ye zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 21
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________________ duSpravRttiyA~ bar3hatI jA rahI haiM, ataH ina niyamoM kA pAlana apekSita hai| 4. svapatnI saMtoSavrata :- gRhasthopAsaka kI kAma-pravRtti para aMkuza lagAne hetu isa vrata kA vidhAna kiyA gayA haiM / yaha yauna sambandhoM ko niyantrita evaM pariSkArita karatA hai, aura isa saMdarbha meM sAmAjika vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha karatA hai| svapatnI ke atirikta anyatra yauna sambandha rakhanA jaina zrAvaka ke liye niSiddha hai / pArivArika evaM sAmAjika zAnti evaM suvyavastha kI dRSTi se isa vrata kI upayogitA nirvivAda hai / yaha vrata pati-patnI ke madhya eka-dUsare ke prati AsthA jAgRta karatA hai aura unake pArasparika prema evaM samarpaNa bhAva ko sudRr3ha karatA hai| jaba bhI isa vrata kA bhaMga hotA hai, pArivArika jIvana meM azAMti evaM darAra paidA ho jAtI hai| isa vrata ke nimna pA~ca yA cAra aticAra yA doSa mAne gaye haiM - 1. alpavaya kI vivAhita strI se athavA samaya vizeSa ke lie grahaNa kI gaI strI se arthAt vezyA Adi se saMbhoga krnaa| 2. avivAhita strI- jisameM parastrI aura vezyA bhI samAhita haiM, se yauna sambandha sthapita krnaa| 3. aprAkRtika sAdhanoM se kAma-vAsanA ko santuSTa karanA, jaise-hasta maithuna, gudA maithuna, samaliMgI maithuna aadi| 4. paravivAhakaraNa arthAta sva-santAna ke atirikta dUsaroM ke vivAha sambandha krvaanaa| vartamAna saMdarbha meM isakI eka vyAkhyA yaha bhI ho sakatI haiM ki eka patnI ke hote hue dUsarA vivAha krnaa| 5. kAma-bhoga kI tIvra abhilASA krnaa| uparyukta pAMca niSedhoM meM koI bhI aisA nahIM haiM, jise avyAvahArika aura vartamAna saMdarbho meM aprAsaMgika kahA jA ske| 5. parigraha parimANa vrata:- isa vrata ke antargata gRhastha upAsaka se yaha apekSA kI gaI hai ki vaha apanI sampatti arthAta jamIna-jAyadAda, bahumUlya dhAtue~, dhana-dhAnya, pazu evaM anya vastuoM kI eka sImA rekhA nizcita kare aura usakA atikramaNa nahIM kreN| vyakti meM saMgraha kI svAbhAvika pravRtti hai aura kisI sImA taka gRhastha-jIvana meM saMgraha Avazyaka bhI haiM, kintu yadi saMgraha-vRtti ko niyantrita nahIM kiyA jAvegA to samAja meM garIba aura amIra kI khAI aura gaharI hogI aura varga saMgharSa aparihArya ho jaavegaa| parigraha parimANavrata yA icchA parimANavrata isI saMgraha vRtti ko niyaMtrita karatA hai aura Arthika vaiSamya kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| yadyapi prAcIna granthoM meM isa sambandha meM koI sImArekhA niyata nahIM zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 22
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________________ kI gaI haiM, use vyakti ke svaviveka para chor3a diyA gayA thA, kintu Adhunika saMdarbha meM hameM vyakti kI AvazyakatA aura rASTra kI sampannatA ke AdhAra para sampatti yA parigraha kI koI adhikatama sImA nirdhArita karanI hogI, yahI eka aisA upAya hai jisase garIba aura amIra ke bIca kI khAi ko pATA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhaya nirarthaka hai ki anAsaktiaura aparigraha ke Adarza se Arthika pragati prabhAvita hogii| jaina dharma arjana kA usI sthiti meM virodhI hai, jabaki usake sAtha hiMsA aura zoSaNa kI burAiyA~ jur3atI haiN| hamArA Adarza hai - sau hAthoM se ikaTThA karo aura hajAra hAthoM se bA~Ta do| gRhastha arthopArjana kare, kintu vaha na to saMgraha ke lie ho aura aura na svayaM ke bhoga ke liye, apitu usakA upayoga loka-maMgala ke liye aura dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA meM ho ; vartamAna sandarbha meM isa vrata kI upayogitA nirvivAda hai| yadi Aja hama ise svecchA se nahI apanAte haiM to yA to zAsana hameM isake lie bAdhya karegA yA phira abhAvagrasta varga chIna legA, ataH hameM samaya rahate sambhala jAnA caahiye| 6. dik parimANa vrata :- tRSNA asIma hai, dhana ke lobha meM manuSya kahA~-kahA~ nahIM bhaTakA haiN| rAjya kI tRSNA ne sAmrAjyavAda ko janma diyA, to dhana-lobha meM vyAvasAyika upaniveza bane / artha-lolupatA tathA viSaya-vAsanAoM kI pUrti ke nimitta Aja bhI vyakti dezavideza meM bhaTakatA hai| dik parimANavata manuSya kI isI bhaTakana ko niyantrita karatA hai| gRhastha upAsaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane ArthopArjana evaM viSaya-bhoga kA kSetra sImita kre| isIlie use vividha dizAoM meM apane AvAgamana kA kSetra mAryAdita kara lenA hotA hai| yadyapi vartamAna saMdarbha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isase vyakti kA kAryakSetra sImita ho jAvegA kintu jo vyakti vartamAna meM antarrASTrIya sthiti se avagata hai, ve bhalI prakAra jAnate haiM ki Aja koI bhI rASTra videzI vyakti ko apane yahA~ paira jamAne denA nahI cAhatA hai, dUsare yadi hama antarrASTrIya zoSaNa ko samApta karanA cAhate haiM to hameM isa bAta se sahamata honA hogA ki vyakti ke dhanopArjana kI gatividhi kA kSetra sImita ho / ataH isa vrata ko aprAsaMgika nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| 7. upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata :- vyakti kI bhogAvRtti para aMkuza lagAnA hI isa vrata kA mUla uddezya hai / isa vrata ke antargata zrAvaka ko apane dainika jIvana ke upabhoga kI pratyeka vastu kI saMkhyA, mAtrA Adi nirdhArita karanI hotI hai, jaise- vaha kauna sA maMjana karegA, kisa prakAra ke cAvala, dAla, sabjI, phala-miSThAnna Adi kA upabhoga karegA, unakI mAtrA kyA hogI, usake vastra, jUte, zayyA Adi kisa prakAra ke aura kitane hoMge ? vastutaH isa vrata ke mAdhyama se usakI bhoga-vRtti ko saMyamita kara usake jIvana ko sAtvika zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 23
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________________ aura sAdA banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, jisakI upayogitA ko koI bhI vicArazIla vyakti asvIkAra nahIM kregaa| Aja jaba manuSya uddAma bhoga-vAsanA meM AkaNTha DUbatA jA rahA haiM, isa vrata kA mahatva spaSTa hai| . jaina AcAryoM ne upabhoga-parimANavrata ke mAdhyama se yaha bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki gRhastha upAsaka ko kina sAdhanoM ke dvArA apanI AjIvikA kA upArjana karanA cAhie aura kina sAdhanoM se AjIvikA kA upArjana nahIM karanA caahie| gRhastha upAsaka ke lie nimnalikhita pandraha prakAra ke vyavasAyoM se AjIvikA arjita karanA niSiddha mAnA gayA hai1. aGgArakarma-jaina AcAryoM ne isake antargata vyakti ko agni prajjvalita karake kiye jAne vAle sabhI vyavasAyoM ko niSiddha batAyA haiM, jaise- kumbhakAra, svarNakAra, lauhakAra Adi ke vyavasAya / kintu merI dRSTi meM isakA tAtparya jaMgala meM Aga lagAkara kRSi yogya bhUmi taiyAra karanA hai| 2. vanakarma-jaMgala kaTavAne kA vyavasAya / 3. zakaTakarma-bailagAr3I, ratha Adi banAkara becane kA vyavasAya / 4. bhATakakarma-baila, azva Adi pazuoM ko kirAye para calane kA vyavasAya / 5. sphoTikarma-khAna khodane kA vyvsaay| 6. dantavANijyakarma-hAthI-dA~ta Adi haDDI kA vyavasAya / upalakSaNa se camaDe tathA sIMga Adi kA vyavasAya bhI isameM sammilita haiN| 7. lAkSA-vANijyakarma-lAkha kA vyavasAya / 8. rasa-vANijyakarma-madya, mAMsa, madhu Adi kA vyavasAya / 9. viSa-vANijyakarma-vibhinna prakAra ke viSoM kA vyvsaay| 10. keza-vANijyakarma-bAloM evaM romayukta camar3e kA vyavasAya / 11. yantrapIDanakarma-yantra, sA~ce, kolhU Adi kA vyavasAya / upalakSaNa se astra-zastroM kA vyApAra bhI isI meM sammilita haiN| 12. nIlAJchanakarma-baila adi pazuoM ko napusaMka banAne kA vyavasAya / 13. davAgnidApanakarma-jaMgala meM Aga lagAne kA vyavasAya / 14. sarahada-taDAga-zoSaNakarma-tAlAba, jhIla aura sarovara Adi ko sukhAnA / 15. asatI-jana poSaNatAkarma-vyabhicAra-vRtti ke lie vezyA Adi ko niyukta kara unake dvArA dhanopArjana krvaanaa| upalakSaNa se duSkarmoM ke dvArA AjIvikA kA arjana karanA zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 24
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________________ bhI isI meM sammilita hai| Adhunika sandarbha meM uparyukta niSiddha vyavasAyoM kI sUcI meM parimArjana kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai| Aja vyavasAyoM ke aise bahuta se rUpa sAmane Aye haiM, jo adhika anaitika aura hiMsaka haiN| ata: isa sandarbha meM paryApta vicAra-vimarza karake niSiddha vyavasAyoM kI eka navIna tAlikA banAyI jAnI caahie| 8. anartha-daNDa-viramaNa vrata :- mAnava apane jIvana meM aneka aise pApakarma karatA hai, jinake dvArA usakA apanA koI hita sAdhana nahIM hotaa| ina niSprayojana kiye jAne vAle pApa karmoM se gRhastha upAsaka ko bacAnA isa vrata kA mukhya uddezya hai| niSprayojana hiMsA aura asatya-sambhASaNa kI pravRttiyA~ manuSya meM sAmAnya rUpa se pAyI jAtI haiN| jaise-snAna meM AvazyakatA se adhika jalakA apavyaya karanA, bhojana meM jUThana DAlanA, sambhASaNa meM apazabdoM kA prayoga karanA, svAsthya ke lie hAnikara mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana karanA, azlIla aura kAmavarddhaka sAhitya par3hanA Adi / nirarthaka pravRttiyA~ avivekI aura anuzAsanahIna jIvana kI dyotaka haiN| isa vrata ke antargata gRhastha upAsaka se yaha apekSA kI jAtI hai ki vaha azubhacintana, pApakarmopadeza, hiMsaka upakaraNoM ke dAna tathA pramAdAcaraNa se bce| isa vrata ke nimnalikhita pA~ca aticAra mAne gaye haiM - kAmavAsanA ko uttejita karane vAlI ceSTAe~ krnaa| hAtha, muha~, A~kha Adi se abhadra ceSTAe~ krnaa| adhika vAcAla honA yA nirarthaka bAteM krnaa| anAvazyaka rUpa se hiMsA ke sAdhanoM kA saMgraha karanA aura unheM dUsaroM ko denA AvazyakatA se adhika upabhoga sAmagrI kA saMcaya krnaa| yadi hama uparyukta vrata aura usake doSoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra kareM to vartamAna yuga meM isakI sArthakatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| mAnava-samAja meM Aja bhI ye sabhI cAritrika vikRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM aura eka sabhya samAja ke nirmANa ke lie inakA parimArjana Avazyaka hai| zrAvaka ke uparyukta pA~ca aNuvratoM aura tIna guNavratoM kA bahuta kucha sambandha hamAre sAmAjika jIvana se hai aura hamane jaba unakI prAsaMgitA kI koI carcA kI hai to vaha sAmAjika dRSTi se hI kI hai / gRhastha upAsaka ke zeSa cAra zikSAvratoM meM sAmAyika, dezAvakAsika, prauSadhopavAsa kA sambandha viziSTa rUpa se vaiyaktika jIvana se hai| yadyapi atithi-saMvibhAgavata kI vyAkhyA punaH sAmAjika sandarbha meM kI jA sakatI hai| 4 t ng zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 25
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________________ 9. sAmAyika vrata :-- sAmAyika samabhAva kI sAdhanA hai| sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, jayaparAjaya meM cittavRtti kA samatva hI sAmAyika hai| Aja ke yuga meM jaba manuSya mAnasika vikSobha aura tanAvoM kI sthiti meM jI rahA hai taba sAmAyika vrata kI sAdhanA kI upayogitA suspaSTa ho jAtI hai| vartamAna meM mAtra veza parivartana karake kucha samaya ke lie bAhya hiMsaka pravRttiyoM se dUra ho jAnA sAmAyika kA bAhya rUpa to ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha usakI antarAtmA nahIM hai| Aja hamArI sAmAyika kI sAdhanA meM samabhAvarUpI antarAtmA mRtaprAya hotI jA rahI hai aura vaha eka rUr3ha kriyA mAtra bana kara raha gayI hai| sAmAyika meM mAnasika tanAvoM ke nirAkaraNa aura cittavRtti ko zAnta aura nirAkula banAne ke lie koI upayukta paddhati vikasita kI jAye, yaha Aja ke yuga kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| 10. dezAvakAsika vrata :- isa vrata kA mukhya uddezya AMzika rUpa se gRhastha-jIvana se nivRti prApta karanA hai| manuSya svAbhAvika rUpa se parivartana priya hai| ghara-gRhasthI ke kolAhapUrNa aura azAnta jIvana se nivRtti lekara eka zAnta jIvana kA abhyAsa evaM AsvAda karanA hI isakA lakSya hai| vaise bhI hama saptAha meM eka dina avakAza manAte haiN| dezAvakAsika vrata isI sAptAhika avakAza kA adhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM upayoga hai aura isa dRSTi se isakI sArthakatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 11. prauSadhopavAsa vrata :- yaha vrata bhI mukhya rUpa se nivRttiparaka jIvana kI sAdhanA ke nimitta hai| upavAsapUrvaka viSayavAsanAoM para niyantraNa rakhanA hI isa vrata kA mUla uddezya hai| ise hama eka dina ke lie grahaNa kiyA huA zramaNa-jIvana bhI kaha sakate hai| isakI sArthakatA vaiyaktika sAdhanAtmaka jIvana kI dRSTi se hI A~kI jA sakatI hai| 12. atithi-saMvibhAga vrata :- atithi-saMvibhAga vrata gRhastha ke sAmAjika dAyitva kA sUcaka hai| apane aura apane parijanoM ke udarapoSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha gRhastha para nivRtta sAdhakoM aura samAja ke asahAya evaM abhAvagrasta vyaktiyoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa kA dAyitva bhI hai| prastuta vrata kA uddezya gRhastha meM sevA aura dAna kI vRtti ko jAgRta karanA hai| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| hamArA jIvana pArasparika sahayoga aura sahabhAgitA ke AdhAra para hI calatA hai| dUsaroM ke sukha-du:kha meM sahabhAgI bananA aura abhAvagrastoM, pIr3itoM aura dInaduHkhiyoM kI sevA karanA- yaha gRhastha kA anivArya dharma hai| yadyapi Aja isa pravRtti ko, bhikSAvRtti ko protsAhana dene vAlI mAnakara anupayukta kahA jAtA hai, kintu jaba taka samAja meM abhAvagrasta, pIr3ita aura rogI vyakti haiM- sevA aura sahakAra kI AvazyakatA aparihArya rUpa se banI rahegI aura yadi zAsana isa dAyitva ko nahIM sambhAlatA hai to yaha pratyeka gRhastha zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 26
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________________ kA kartavya hai ki vaha dAna aura sevA ke mUlyoM ko jIvita banAye rkhe| yaha prazna mAtra dayA yA karuNA kA nahIM hai, apitu dAyitva bodha kA hai| zrAvaka ke dainika SaTkarma zrAvaka jIvana ke Avazyaka SaTkarma isa prakAra hai - 1. devapUjA - tIrthaMkaro kA pUjana, unake Adarza svarUpa kA cintana evaM guNagAna / 2. guru-sevA - zrAvaka kA dUsarA kartavya guru kI sevA evaM unakA vinaya karanA hai| bhaktipUrvaka guru kA vandana karanA, unakA sammAna karanA aura unake upadezoM ko zravaNa krnaa| 3. svAdhyAya - AtmasvarUpa kA cintana aura manana krnaa| isake sAtha hI sadgranthoM kA paThana-pAThana bhI svAdhyAya hai| 4. saMyama - saMyama kA artha hai apanI vAsanAoM aura tRSNAoM meM kamI krnaa| zrAvaka kA kartavya hai ki vaha vAsanAoM aura tRSNAoM para saMyama rkhe| 5. tapa - tapa zrAvaka kI dainika caryA kA pAcavA~ karma hai| zrAvaka ko yathAzakya upavAsa, rasa-parityAga svAdajaya Adi ke rUpa meM pratidina tapa karanA caahie| 6. dAna - zrAvaka kA chaThA dainika Avazyaka karma dAna hai| pratyeka zrAvaka ko pratidina zramaNa (muni), svadharmI bandhuoM aura asahAya evaM dukhIjanoM ko kucha na kucha dAna avazya karanA caahie| zrAvaka kI dinacaryA :- AcArya hemacandra ne zrAvaka kI dinacaryA kA varNana karate hue yogazAstra meM likhA hai ki zrAvaka brAhmamuhUrta meM uThakara dharma cintana kare, tatpazcAt pavitra hokara apane gRha-caitya meM jinendra bhagavAn kI pUjA kare, phira guru kI sevA meM upasthita hokara unakI sevAbhakti kare / tatpazcAt dharmasthAna se lauTakara AjIvikA ke sthAna meM jAkara isa prakAra dhanopArjana kare ki usake vrata-niyamoM meM bAdhA na pahu~ce / isake bAda madhyAhnakAlIna sAdhanA kare aura phira bhojana karake zAstravettAoM ke sAtha zAstra ke artha kA vicAra kare / puna: saMdhyA samaya deva, guru kI upAsanA evaM pratikramaNa Adi SaT Avazyaka kriyA kare, phira svAdhyAya karake alpa nidrA le| (yogazAstra 3/121-131) zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 27
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________________ gRhastha ke vikAsa kI bhUmikAe~ jainadarzana nivRtti - paraka hai, lekina gRhI jIvana se samagra rUpa meM tatkAla nivRtta ho jAnA jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie sulabha nahIM hotaa| ata: nivRtti kI dizA meM vibhinna staroM kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai, jisase vyakti kramazaH apanA naitika vikAsa karatA huA sAdhanA ke antima Adarza ko prApta kara ske| jaina- vicAraNA meM gRhI- jIvana meM sAdhanA vikAsa krama kaise Age bar3hatA hai, isakA sundara citraNa hameM " zrAvakapratimA" kI dhAraNA meM milatA hai | zrAvaka pratimAe~ gRhI - jIvana meM kI jAnevAlI sAdhanA kI vikAsonmukha zreNiyA~ (bhUmikAe~) haiM, jina para kramazaH car3hatA huA sAdhaka apanI AdhyAtmika pragati kara jIvana ke paramAdarza " svasvarUpa" ko prApta kara letA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM vicAraNAoM meM zrAvaka pratimAe~ (bhUmikAe~) gyAraha haiN| zvetAmbara sammata upAsaka bhUmikAoM ke nAma kramazaH isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) darzana, (2) vrata, (3) sAmAyika, (4) proSadha, ( 5 ) niyama, (6) brahmacarya, ( 7 ) sacittatyAga, (8) ArambhatyAga, ( 9 ) preSyaparityAga, ( 10 ) uddiSTabhakta tyAga aura ( 11 ) zramaNabhUtA digambara sammata krama evaM nAma isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) darzana, (2) vrata, (3) sAmAyika, (4) prauSadha, ( 5 ) sacittatyAga, (6) rAtribhojana evaM divAmaithuna virati, ( 7 ) brahmacarya, (8) ArambhatyAga, ( 9 ) parigrahatyAga, ( 10 ) anumati tyAga aura ( 11 ) uddiSTa - tyAga / - gyAraha pratimAoM kA svarUpa 1. darzana - pratimA :- sAdhaka kI adhyAtma mArga kI yathArthatA ke sambandha dRr3ha niSThA evaM zraddhA honA hI darzanapratimA hai| vizuddhi kI prathama zarta hai krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha, isa kaSAya- catuSka kI tIvratA meM mandatA / jaba taka ina kaSAyoM kA anantAnubandhI rUpa samApta nahIM hotA, darzanavizuddhi nahIM hotii| Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM mAnavIya viveka ko apaharita kara lene vAle krodhAdi saMvegoM ke tIvra Avega hI prajJA-zakti ko kuNThita kara dete haiN| ata: jaba taka ina saMvegoM yA tIvra AvegoM para vijaya prApta nahIM kI jAtI, hamArI vivekazakti yA prajJA samyak rUpa se apanA kArya nahIM kara sakatI / darzanapratimA meM sAdhaka ina kaSAyoM kI tIvratA ko kama kara samyagdarzana arthAta yathArtha dRSTikoNa prApta karatA hai / zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 28
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________________ 2. vrata-pratimA :- dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi ke sAtha jaba sAdhaka samyak AcaraNa ke kSetra meM cAritravizuddhi ke lie Age AtA hai to vaha ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA apanI gRhastha maryAdAoM ke anurUpa AMzika rUpa se pAlana karanA prArambha karatA hai| vaha gRhastha jIvana ke 5 aNuvratoM aura 3 guNavratoM kA nirdoSarUpa se pAlana karanA prArambha karatA hai| 3. sAmAyika-pratimA :-sAdhanA kA artha mAtra tyAga hI nahIM varan kucha prApti bhI haiN| sAmAyika-pratimA meM sAdhaka 'samatva' prApta karatA hai| 'samatva' ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA prayAsa sAmAyika kahalAtA hai / yadyapi samatva eka dRSTi hai, eka vicAra hai lekina vaha aisA vicAra nahIM jo AcaraNa meM prakaTa na hotA ho| use jIvana ke AcaraNAtmaka pakSa meM utArane ke lie satat prayAsa anivArya hai| 4. proSadhopavAsa-pratimA :- sAdhanA kI isa kakSA meM gRhastha upAsaka gRhasthI ke jhaMjhaToM meM se kucha aise avakAza ke dina nikAlatA hai, jaba vaha gRhasthI ke uttarAdAyitvoM se mukta hokara mAtra AdhyAtmika cintana-manana kara ske| vaha guru ke samIpa yA dharmasthAna (upAsanAgRha) meM rahakara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM hI usa divasa ko vyatIta karatA hai| pratyeka mAsa kI do aSTamI, do caturdazI, amAvasyA aura pUrNimA ina dinoM meM gRhasthI ke samasta kriyAkalApoM se avakAza pAkara upavAsasahita dharmasthAna yA upAsanA-gRha meM nivAsa karate hue AtmasAdhanA meM rata rahanA gRhastha kI proSadhopavAsa pratimA hai| 5. niyama-pratimA :- ise kAyotsarga pratimA evaM divAmaithunavirata pratimA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM pUrvokta pratimAoM kA nirdoSa pAlana karate hue pA~ca vizeSa niyama liye jAte haiM - (1) snAna nahIM karanA, (2) rAtri-bhojana nahIM karanA, (3) dhotI kI eka lAMga nahIM lagAnA, (4) dina meM brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA tathA rAtri meM maithuna kI maryAdA nizcita karanA, (5) aSTamI, caturdazI Adi kisI parva dina meM rAtriparyanta dehAsakti tyAga kara kAyotsarga karanA vastuta: isa pratimA meM kAmAsakti, bhogAsakti athavA dehAsakti kama karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| 6. brahmacarya-pratimA :- jaba gRhastha sAdhaka niyama-pratimA kI sAdhanA ke dvArA kAmAsakti para vijaya pAne kI sAmarthya prApta kara letA hai to vaha vikAsa kI isa kakSA meM maithuna se sarvathA virata hokara brahmacarya grahaNa kara letA hai aura isa prakAra nivRtti kI dizA meM eka aura caraNa bar3hAtA hai| isa pratimA meM vaha brahmacArya kI rakSA ke nimitta 1. strI ke sAtha ekAnta kA sevana nahIM karanA, 2. strI-varga se ati paricaya yA samparka nahIM rakhanA, zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 29
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________________ 3. zrRMgAra nahIM karanA, 4. strI jAti ke rUpa-saundarya sambandhI tathA kAmavardhaka vArtAlApa nahIM karanA, 5. striyoM ke sAtha eka Asana para nahIM baiThanA Adi niyamoM kA bhI pAlana karatA hai / 7. sacitta AhAravarjana - pratimA :- pUrvoktapratimAoM ke niyamoM kA yathAvat pAlana karate hue isa bhUmikA meM Akara gRhastha sAdhaka apanI bhogAsakti para vijaya kI eka aura mohara lagA detA hai aura sabhI prakAra kI sacitta vastuoM ke AhAra kA tyAga kara detA haiM evaM uSNa jala tathA acitta AhAra kA hI sevana karatA hai / sAdhanA kI isa kakSA taka Akara gRhastha upAsaka apane vaiyaktika jIvana kI dRSTi se apanI vAsanAoM evaM AvazyakatAoM kA paryApta rUpa se parisImana kara letA hai, phira bhI pArivArika evaM sAmAjika uttaradAyitva kA nirvahana karane kI dRSTi se gArhasthika kArya evaM vyavasAya Adi karatA hai, jinake kAraNa vaha udyogI evaM ArambhI hiMsA se pUrNatayA baca nahIM pAtA hai| 8. ArambhatyAga - pratimA :- sAdhanA kI isa bhUmikA meM Ane ke pUrva gRhastha upAsaka kA mahatvapUrNa kArya yaha hai ki vaha apane samagra pArivArika evaM sAmAjika uttaradAyitvoM ko apane uttarAdhikArI para DAla de aura svayaM nivRtta hokara sArA samaya dharmArAdhanA meM aire hai| isa bhUmikA meM rahakara gRhastha upAsaka yadyapi svayaM vyavasAya Adi kAryo meM bhAga nahI letA haiM aura na svayaM koI Arambha hI karatA haiM, phira bhI vaha apane putrAdi ko yathAvasara vyAvasAyika evaM pArivArika kAryoM meM mArgadarzana detA rahatA hai| 9. parigraha - virata - pratimA :- gRhastha upAsaka ko jaba saMtoSa ho jAtA hai ki usakI sampatti kA usake uttarAdhikAriyoM dvArA ucita rUpa se upayoga ho rahA hai athavA vaha yogya hAthoM meM hai to vaha usa sampatti para se apane svAmitva ke adhikAra kA bhI parityAga kara detA hai aura isa prakAra nivRtti kI dizA meM eka kadama Age bar3hakara parigraha se virata hotA hai / phira bhI isa avasthA meM vaha putrAdi ko vyAvasAyika evaM pArivArika kAryoM meM ucita mArgadarzana detA rahatA hai / isa prakAra parigraha se virata ho jAne para bhI vaha anumati - virata nahIM hotA / zvetAmbara paramparA meM parigrahavirata pratimA ke sthAna para bhRtaka preSyArambha varjana pratimA hai jisameM gRhastha upAsaka svayaM Arambha karane evaM dUsare se karavAne kA parityAga kara detA hai, lekina anumati - virata nahIM hotA hai / 11. zramaNabhUta- pratimA isa avasthA meM gRhastha upAsaka kI apanI samasta caryA sAdhu ke samAna hotI hai| usakI vezabhUSA bhI lagabhaga vaisI hI hotI hai| vaha bhikSAcaryA dvArA hI jIvana-nirvAha karatA hai aura lie cune hue bhojana kA tyAga kara detA hai| : zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 30
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________________ zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se vaha sAdhu se isa artha meM bhinna hotA hai ki 1. pUrvarAga ke kA kuTumba ke logoM yA paricita janoM ke yahA~ hI bhikSArtha jAtA hai| 2. keza-luJcana ke s! para muNDana karavA sakatA hai 3. sAdhu ke samAna vibhinna grAma evaM nagaroM meM kalpAnusAra vi nahIM karatA hai| apane nivAsa nagara meM hI raha sakatA hai| digambara paramparA meM isake do vibhAga haiM - 1.kSullaka aura 2. ailk| kSullaka :- yaha digambara muni ke AcAra-vyavahAra se nimna bAtoM meM bhinna hota - 1. do vastra (adhovastra aura uttarIya) rakhatA hai, 2. kezaloca karatA hai yA muNDana karava hai, 3. vibhinna gharoM se mA~ga kara bhikSA karatA hai| ailaka :- AcAra aura caryA meM yaha muni kA nikaTavartI hotA hai / yaha / kamaNDalu aura morapicchI rakhatA hai, kezaluJcana karatA hai, yaha digambara muni se kevl| bAta meM bhinna hotA hai ki lokalajjA ke nahIM chUTa pAne ke kAraNa guhyAMga ko DhaMkane ke ni mAtra laMgoTI (cela-vastra) rakhatA hai| zeSa saba bAtoM meM isakI caryA digambara muni ke sA hI hotI hai| isa prakAra yaha avasthA gRhI-sAdhanA kI sarvotkRSTa bhUmikA hai| jaina dharma ke zrAvaka AcAra kI uparyukta samIkSA karane ke pazcAt yaha spaSTa jAtA hai ki jaina zrAvakoM ke lie pratipAdita AcAra ke niyama vartamAna sAmAjika sanda meM bhI prAsaMgika siddha hote haiN| zrAvaka-AcAra ke vidhi-niSedhoM meM yUgAnukUla jo cho moTe parivartana apekSita haiM, una para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yugAnukUla zrAvaka kI AcAra-vidhi Agamika niyamoM ko yathAvat rakhate hue banAyI jA sakatI hai / OM hamArA durbhAgya yahI hai ki hama jaina muni ke AcAra niyamoM para to abhI bhI gambhIra cara karate haiM, kintu zrAvaka dharma kI AcAra-vidhi para koI gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra nahIM ka Aja yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki AcAra sambandhI vidhi-niSedha muniyoM ke sandarbha meM hI gRhasthoM kI AcAra-vidhi hai yA honI cAhie, isa bAta para hamArA koI lakSya nahIM jAta yadyapi kabhI-kabhI jamIkanda khAnA cAhie yA nahIM khAnA cAhie, aise choTe-choTe praznaH liye jAte hai, kintu zrAvaka-AcAra kI mUlabhUta dRSTi kyA ho? aura usake lie yugAnuda sarvasAmAnya AcAra vidhi kyA ho ? isa bAta para hamArI koI dRSTi nahIM jaatii| yaha eka saMketa hai ki akhila bhAratIya jaina vidvat pariSad ne isa prazna ko lekara eka vicAra-gaM Ayojita kI yadyapi yaha eka prArambhika bindu hai kintu mujhe vizvAsa hai ki yaha prArthA prayAsa bhI kabhI bRhad rUpa legA aura hama apane zrAvaka varga ko eka yugAnukUla Aca vidhi de pAne meM saphala hoNge| zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 31
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________________ mRtyu - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina mRtyu zarIra ke kArAgRha se mukti kA parva hai| yaha to 'sva' kA saMkucita gherA tor3a virAT meM samAne kA utsava hai| bIja miTakara hI vRkSa bana pAtA hai svayaM ko miTAkara hI vyaktiananta ko jIvana de pAtA hai| mitroMmauta se ghabarAne kI kyA bAta hai? yaha to ananta ke sAtha zAdI kI bArAta hai| miTakara bananA aura banakara miTanA yahI to jIvana yAtrA kA anokhA hai khela yaha yAtrA to pahu~catI vahA~ hai jahA~ sva' nahIM 'sarva' hai| AnA jAnA to lagA hI rahatA hai isameM Darane kI kyA bAta hai? naye naye rUpoM ko dharane kA yahI to eka andAja hai| yadi pahanane kI cAha hai naye kapar3e badalane hI hoMge purAne, yadi pAnA hai nava jIvana, to maraNa se mitratA karanI hI hogii| honA hI hogA AliMganabaddha mRtyu se mRtyu yAtrA kI samApti nahIM hai| yaha to naI yAtrA kA prasthAna parva hai| samajha nahIM AtA ki loga mRtyu se katarAte kyoM hai? ananta yAtrA para nikalane se ghabarAte kyoM haiM? mRtyu eka zAzvata satya hai isase mukhAtiba hone meM kyA ghbraanaa| satya ko jAnakara usase jI curAnA kyoM? taraha taraha se bahAnA banAnA kyoM? jIvana-dharA ko ananta mahAsAgara meM milanA hI hai| phira, kinAroM ke chUTane kA bhaya kaisA? kinAre chUTane para hI to milana saMbhava kinAre kabhI milate nahIM basa mahAsAgara banane meM chUTa jAte hai| mRtyu samagra vinAza nahIM yaha to rUpAntaraNa hai yaha jIvana kI samApti nahIM yaha to navajIvana kI navacetanA kA utsAha hai| zrAvakadharma aura usakI prAsaMgitA : 32
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina janma tithi : di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna : zAjApura (ma.pra.) zikSA : sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra) : 1963 pI-eca. DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA (1964-67), sahAyaka prAdhyApaka (1968-85), prAdhyApaka (prophesara) (1985-89), nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI (1979-97) lekhana : 30 pustakeM, 25 laghu pustikAe~ sampAdana : 150 pustakeM sampAdaka : jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) 'zramaNa' traimAsika zodha patrikA puraskAra pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra (1986,1998), svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra (1987), DipTImala puraskAra (1992), AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna (1994), vidyAvAridhi sammAna (2003), kalAM marmajJa sammAna (2006), jaina presIDenziyala avArDa (yU.esa.e. 2007), gautamagaNadhara puraskAra (2008), AcArya tulasI prAkRta puraskAra (2009). sadasyaH akAdamika samitiH vidvat pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udypur| samprati saMsthApaka evaM nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) videza bhramaNa zikAgo, rAle, hyUsTana, nyUjarsI, uttarI karolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa lUIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNTo, nyUyArka, kanADA aura laMdana yU. ke.| prAcya vidyApITha: eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI rASTrIya rAjamArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaH pratiSThita karanA hai| isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 40 patra patrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai|