Mathurano Sinhdhwaj

Author(s): Vijayendrasuri
Publisher: Yashovijay Granthmala
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022827/1

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mathurAno siMhaja 011 w vijayendrasUri

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yazovijaya graMthamALa sirIjha naM. 140 mathurAne siMhadhvaja vidyAvallabha itihAsatattvamahodadhi AcArya zrI vijayendrasUri C. M. ). I. P. yazovijaya graMthamALA herisareDa-bhAvanagara. saMvata 1994 I. sa. 1931 dharma saM. 16 eka rUpI

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Published by YASHOVIJAYA GRANTHMALA Harris Road, Bhavnagar. Printed by Gulabchand Lallubhai Shah At Mahodaya P. Press-Bhavnagar.

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nivedana. A pustaka samAja samakSa mUkatAM amane gaurava upaje che. bhAratIya saMskRtinuM jeTaluM prakAzana vadhu thAya teTaluM ApaNuM ahobhAgya samajavuM joIe. prastuta pustaka boddha saMpradAya sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAruM che. tethI AcArya mahArAjanuM bauddhasAhitya saMbaMdhI keTaluM uMDu avagAhana che te dekhAI Ave che sAthe sAthe temanI niSpakSa buddhi paNa keTalI vizuddha che te jaNAI Ave che. A pustaka temanI taTasthavRttinuM pratIka che. jenadharmanA AcArya heI karI sAhitya ane itihAsanA viSayamAM taTastha, ane sAMpradAyika matAgraha vagara, satya vastu je lAgI te temaNe nirbheLa rIte ne kazA paNa saMkeca vagara potAnA sacoTa abhiprAya pUrvaka siMhadhvaja " saMbaMdhI svataMtra pustaka lakhI janatA samakSa raju karyuM che. vizuddha aitihAsika vRtti vagara e banIja zake nahI. temanA chellAM traNe pustake " prAcIna-bhAratavarSanuM siMhAvalokana","mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA," ane "mathurAnA siMhadhvaja " judA judA daSTibiMduo raju kare che. paheluM pustaka temanuM aparimita sAhityanuM avagAhana batAve che, bIjuM pustaka itihAsanA taLa sparzI jJAna sAthe navI zodhakhoLa buddhi batAve che, ane trIjuM A pustaka temanI niSpakSavRtti ane yuropIyana temaja bhAratIya itihAsa vettAo sAtheno temano saMbaMdha ane maitrI keTalAM uMDA che te jaNAve che. De. themasa ( je ceDA vakhatamAM hiMdamAM AvavAnA che ) pro. repsana, sara jahona mArzala, DaeN. TInakono DaM. zalkIMga, uM. harTala, De. sTAina vigere itihAsa jagatanA ratno bahu lAMbA vakhatathI, temanI sAthe saMbaMdha ane sanmAna dharAve che. jaina sAdhuo mATe ne samAja mATe te ochI gauravanI vAta nathI. bIjA jaina sAdhuo ane samAjanuM, itihAsanA viSayamAM, amuka apavAda sivAya, daSTibiMdu hajI khulyuM nathI e khedano viSaya che. ame icie chIe ke samAjanA vidvAno ane sAdhuo kAMIka anukaraNa karaze ane jenasAhityane jagatamAM prakAzita karaze eTaluM kahI viramIe chIe. graMthamALA eNphIsa herisa roDa-bhAvanagara kArtika, 1994 prakAzaka, : 3 :

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prastAvanA. bhAratanA vidvAna ane prAcIna AcAryo, itihAsa tarapha keTaleka aMze upekSita rahyA che. e upekSA-bedarakArIne bhAratanA itihAsane, saMskRtine bhAre anyAya Apyo che. aitihAsika rIte ApaNe koI vastune rakSI zakayA nathI. tenuM bahu udAharaNa A "siMhadhvaja " che. jenI eka maMdira jeTalI mahattA gaNAvI joIe te zItaLAdevInA pagathIAmAM goThavAye. sudarzana taLAvanI hastinI lAMbAkALa sudhI to koIne khabaraja paDI nahIM e ApaNI ajJAnatAnI eka sImA che. AvAM ghaNAMya avazeSo daTAyelA paDayAM haze jenI ApaNane khabara nathI. bhAratanuM keTaluMya prAcIna sAMdarya ane mahattva, jamIna ane pahADonI bakholamAM paDayuM haze. keTaluMya deSa, IrSyA ne ajJAnatAthI naSTa karAyuM che-naSTa thayuM che. paraspara dhArmika kaTTaratA ane vaimanasyathI apUrva sAhitya, kaLAnA namUnA, mUrtio ne maMdiro, stUpo ne zilAlekho, tatkAlIna rItarivAjonA avazeSo naSTa karI nAkhyAM, bALI nAkhyAM, toDI nAkhyAM, jaLacaraNa karyA. ItihAsanuM mahattva ApaNAmAM te kALe hatuM ja nahIM ema kahuM to khoTuM nathI. koIpaNa saMskRtinI vizeSatA ane gaurava e bhAratanI vizeSatA ane gaurava hatAM, evI vizALa daSTi ApaNAmAM AvI nahIM ane tenuM ja e pariNAma che ke ApaNI sAme ApaNo bhUtakALa ghaNA kALasudhI aMdhakAra bharyo rahyo. atyAre paNa, jyAre ke aitihAsika daSTi amuka aMze ApaNAmAM khIlI che te vakhate paNa tene mATe ApaNe kaza vizeSa karatA nathI. ApaNe bIjA upara AdhAra rAkhavo paDe che. 3. bhagavAnalAla di jevA ke haiM. jayasvAla jevA bahuja ochA vidvAno che ke jemaNe navI zodha jagata samakSa mUkI - hatI. ApaNe sAhityane ne ItihAsane navarAzano vakhata gALavAnA gaMjIphAnI ramata jevA mAnI lIdhA che. ramata eTale paNa rasa temAM ApaNe mAnatA nathI. zuSka, nIrasa ne navarAonI pravRtti jevA mAnI ladhA che. e atyaMta khedano viSaya che. jenA pAyA upara ApaNA jIvananI racanA thai che te nakAmo samajI beThA chIe e ApaNuM zikSaNanI ne saMskAranI moTAmAM moTI khAmI che. tenuM ja e pariNAma che ke ApaNe bhUtakALane bahu judI rIte ne khoTI rIte kalpIe chIe. ApaNI pAse silasilAvAra tavArIkho nathI, to bIjI tarapha keTaluMya atizayoktibharyuM varNana che ane te badhAmAMthI itihAsa tAravI kADhavo e ghaNuM muzkela kArya che. temAM paNa jyAre khoTA dhArmika ke sAMpradAyika matAhe bhaLe che tyAre anarthanI paraMparA vadhI jAya che ane itihAsa aprAmANika bane che. kharI hakIkata ApaNe meLavI zakatA nathI.

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A " siMhabraja ' nI hakIkata " prAcIna bhAratavarSa '' pustakamAM vAMcatAM mane pahelAM khUba Azcarya thayeluM. kAraNa ke mArI e jUnI mAnyatA hatI ke te " zivaja " boddhone che; paraMtu DaoN. zAha kahe che tema khare khara e ratUpa jainene hoya ane te ItihAsathI siddha thAya te mATe mana eka bahu gauravanI vAta hatI. jainadharmane utkarSa thAya ane kaMkALITIlAnA avazeSonI mAphaka bIjAM sthAnAM avaze ne stUpo paNa jenAM heya ke sAbIta thAya e jaina dharmanA AcArya tarIke mane to bahu prasannatA ne preraNAdAyaka bane. eTale e A viSaya huM pharIthI bArIka daSTie tapAsI gaye, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa itihAsanA jANakAra bhAratIya ane yuropanA mArA keTalAka jUnA mitrone " siMha dhvaja " nI hakIkata pharIne tapAsavAnI ane tapAsIne temanA zo abhiprAya che te jANavAnI kozIza karI. pariNAme temaNe je abhiprAya ne maMtavyo mane mokalyAM che te A pustakanA trIjA vibhAgamAM temanA mArA uparanA kAgaLAja jemanA tema chapAvI dIdhA che. temAM Do. thomasa, pro. resana, sara johana mArzala, De. strIne kone, DaoN. DI. Ara, bhaMDArakara, DaoN. Ara mukarajI, DaoN. bI. sI. lA. zrIyuta ke, ena, dIkSita, DIrekaTara janarala A lejIkala DIpArTamenTa vigere itihAsanA viSayamAM eMrthoriTI sattA gaNAya che te badhAne mata che ke " prastuta siMhadhvaja bauddhone che. " " siMha dhvaja ' no zilAlekha svayaM batAve che ke te bauddhone che. evI avasthAmAM tene mATe bIjA maMtavyo rajU karavAM e bhramaNa naLa che. jayAMsudhI datihAsa eka vastu siddha karI ne Ape tyAMsudhI ApaNe aMgada maMtavyane kazo artha nathI. vastu poteja zuM bole che-batAve che tene svIkAra karavo ghaTe. tene anusarIne maMtavyo raju karavAmAM Ave teja sAce itihAsa maLI zake. A pustakamAM Apele sihadhvajane phoTo laMDanavALA mArA mitra ma. Arthara prasthane brITIza nyUjhIyamamAMthI laIne mane mokalAvI Ape che te mATe teo dhanyavAdane pAtra che. A pustaka lakhavAmAM zrIyuta phattecaMda belANI-nyAya-vyAkaraNa-tIrtha-e keTalAka aMze sahAyatA karI che. jarUrI pustake pUrAM pADavA mATe phalodhI (mAravADa ) nA saMghane dhanyavAda ghaTe che. ) phaledhI ( mAravADa ) kArtika, 1994 dharma. saM. 16 vive. vijayendrasUri.

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viSayAnukrama. 1-12 vibhAga pahele. 1 mathurAmAM saMskRti. 2 zilAlekhanI mAhitI. 3 mULa zilAlekha. 4 Text. 5 gujarAtI anuvAda. 6 hindI anuvAda. u English Translation. : 13 vibhAga bIje. 8 samIkSA. vibhAga trIje. 9 abhiprA.

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pustakanuM sUcIpatra. jenA pramANe A pustakamAM ApyA che. naui. 1. Antiquities of Mathura by V. A. Smith. 2. A Guide to Sanchi. 3. Buddhist India. 4. Bharhut Stupa. 5. History of Kanauj. 6. Kharoshthi Inscriptions. saMskRta graMtho 7 azokAvadAna, 8 vividha tIrthakalpa. ___ hindI pustako. 9 Adarza sAdhu. 10 buddhacaryA prastAvanA. 11 bauddhakAlIna bhArata. 12 bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA ji0 1. 13 bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza..

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mathurAno siMhadvaja ( je vartamAnamAM laMDananA briTIza myujhIyamanA baiddha vibhAgamAM rAkhavAmAM Avela che. )

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mathurAno siMhadhvaja vibhAga pahele.

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mathurAmAM saMskRti. mathurA e ati prAcIna nagarIomAMnI eka ane aitihAsika draSTie khUba mahattva dharAvanArI nagarI che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa bhAratanI mahAna saMskRtionuM kendra banI cUkI che. jenaanuzruti pramANe jenenA sAtamA tIrthakara zrI supArzvanAthanA vakhatathI te nagarInuM prAdhAnya gaNAya che. ane tIrthabhUmi tarIke prakhyAta che. te pachI trevIzamA tIrthakara zrI pArzvanAtha thayA ane temanA vakhatamAM mathurA e jene saMskRtinuM dhAma banyuM. te pachI bhagavAna mahAvIra thayA te vakhate paNa mathurA jaina saMskRtinuM kendra gaNAtuM. bhagavAna mahAvIra pachI tera varSa zrI apabhaTTasUri thayA temaNe e tIrthana kanAjano Ama rAjA je bappabhaTTasUrino ziSya hato tenAthI uddhAra karAvyuM. vi. saM. 8ra6 mAM vIra tIrtha tarIke mahAvIranI pratimAnI pratiSThA karI hatI. e rIte mathurA jaina tIrtha tarIke vikhyAta hatuM. jene saMskRtinA maMDANa pachI tyAM vedika saMskRtinI jamAvaTathaI. ane temanuM prabhutva jAmyuM. tyAra bAda baiddha saMskRti paNe tyAM khUba phAlI phaLI. chatAM ghaNI vakhata pahelA sudhI ema manAtuM ke mathurA e vaidika saMskRtinuM sthAna che, paraMtu zodha khoLa thatI gaI ane meMdu dharmanA avaze maLatAM gayAM tyAre lokone ema mAnavAnuM kAraNa maLyuM ke bedasaMskRti paNa tyAM phelAI ane prabhutvane pAmI hatI. chellI zodhakhoLe ema paNa batAvI ApyuM ke tyAM jema vaidika ne ddhasaMskRtinA avazeSa maLe che tema jenenAM avaze paNa vizeSa maLyAM che. ane tethI ema paNa nizcita thayuM ke eka kALe mathurAmAM jenasaMskRtinuM kendra hatuM ane jenI khUba jAhojalAlI hatI. mathurAmAM jenene DaMko vAgato hato. skaMdilAcAryanA vakhatamAM AgamasUtranI vAcanA tyAM thaI je mAtharIvAcanA tarIke jenomAM prasiddha che. kaMkALITIlAmAM jUnAM, __ + tao vIranAhe siddhiM gae sAhiehiM terasasAehiM varisANaM bApahaTisUrI uppnnnno| teNa vi eyaM titthaM uddhariaM / pAsajiNo pUAvio...saMgheNa iTTAo khasaMtIo muNittA pattharehiM veDhAvio ukkhillAviumADhatto dhUmo . vi0 tIrthava5 pR. 18. | * prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 187 tathA pu. 2, pR. 400 upara Ama rAjAne iMdrAyudha gaNyo che te paNa khoTuM che. te vyaktio jUdI jUdI che. jUo, THistory of Kanauj. P. 882.

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atiprAcIna jainenAM sthAna, smAraka, avaze tyAM maLI AvyAM. je jainaTIlA Jain mound tarIke prasiddha thaye. ane tyArathI bhAratanA ane cUrepanA ItihAsakAra vidvAnanI mAnyatAmAM parivartana thaI gayuM. eTaluM ja nahIM jenenI saMskRti mATe mathurA nagarI badhI saMskRtio karatAM vizeSa prAcIna ane saMskRtinI daSTie prathama naMbare gaNavA lAgI. vidvAnane ema kahevAnI pharaja paDI ke "mathurAmAM zodhAyelAM avazeSamAM amuka apavAda bAda karatAM badhAM avazeSe jenenAM che.* ahIM jenA viSe carcA karavAnI che te bRddha saMskRtinA avazeSanI che. bAdonA jamAnAmAM sarvAstivAda saMpradAya mathurAmAM hatA. mULe to traNa sarvAstivAda hatA paraMtu mathurAmAM je hatuM te AryasarvAstivAda ne nAme oLakhAto. teNe boddha graMthone saMskRtabhASAmAM pheravI nAkhyA hatA. "azakAyadAna' temAnuM ja eka pustaka che. e sarvAstivAdIonA prabhAva nIce buddhabhagavAnanA asthionI eka stUpamAM pratiSThA thaI hatI. zakarAjAomAMnA eka mahAkSatrapa rAjulanI paTarANIe tenI pratiSThA karAvI hatI. teo ddhadharmanuyAyI hatA ane mathurAmAM rAjya karatA hatA. temaNe je stUpanI pratiSThA karAvI ane tenA upara je zilAlekha maLI Avyo che tene siMhadvaja-Lion Capital In.scription-zIlAlekha kahe che. * mujhe zuddha hRdayase kahanA par3atA hai ki yaha mathurA jainoMke lie prathama nambara, bauddhoMke lie dUsare nambara aura vaiSNavoM ke lie tIsare nambara hai| nidAna yahAMke kaMkAlI TIle se prAcIna zilAlekha aura mUrtiyAM vagairaha jo kucha vastueM nikalI haiM, unameM sabase adhika prAcIna vastueM jainoMkI milI haiM, tatpazcAt vauddha vihata, zaura sayale vijha samaya kI nava zrI .............." rAyabahAdUra rAdhAkRSNajI kyureTara mathurA myujhIyama. x " The objects, found by Cunningham were, with the exception of one-ten armed Brahmanical figure, all Jain." Antiquities of Mathura by V. A. Smith, 10 inscribed statues of several Swetambara Jinas of the Indo-scynthian period, four inscriptions of which are most important for the history of Jainas; '; Dr. " Fuhrer. " Some of the sculptures depicted in this work may belong to Buddhist or Brahmanical buildings, but most of them are certainly Jain. I V . A. Smith. " Antiquities of Mathura."

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zilAlekhanI mAhitI. mathurAne sihaja zilAlekha saM. 1869mAM gujarAtanA prathama aitihAsika vidvAn zrIyuta haiM. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe zodhI kADhyo hato. e zItaLAdevInA maMdiranA pagathIAmAM goThavAyelo paDyo hato. hai. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe bhAratIya saMskRtinA rakSaka tarIke sauthI moTuM kAma A zilAlekhanI zodhakhoLanuM karyuM che. 1888mAM DaeNbhagavAnalAla iMdrajInuM mRtyu thayuM tyAre te AkhA sihavaja zilAlekhane laMDananA "brITIza myujhIyama" mAM laI javAmAM Avyo. atyAre tyAMnA buddhisTa rUmamAM paDela che. De. bhagavAnalAlajI, zilAlekha brITIza myujhIyamane arpaNa karavAnuM potAnA vilamAM lakhAvI gayA hatA. Aje e zilAlekha igleMDamAM laMDananA myujhIyamamAM bhAratanI jAhojalAlI ane saMskRtine gauravapUrvaka zobhAvI rahyo che te zilAlekhavALo siMhadhvaja Lion capital 1 phUTa 7 iMca uMco che, ane 2 phUTa 8 IMca pahoLe che. tenI baMne tarapha be siho paraspara pITha meLavIne beThelA che. bannenI vacamAM ArapAra eka moTuM chidra che, te nIcenA chidra sAthe aMdaranA bhAgamAM vacamAMthI joDAyela che. te Akho zilAlekha pachIlipimAM lakhAyelo che. tenI lakhavAnI racanA bahu vicitra ane paMktione saMbaMdha joDavAmAM bahu muzkelIvALI che. te siMhAkRtinA judA judA bhAgomAM badhI tarapha lakhAyelo che. khareSThI lipimAM hasva dIrdhano bhedabhAva na hovAthI zilAlekhanA keTalAka nAma lakhavAmAM goTALo thAya che, paraMtu te mATe ApaNe nirUpAya chIe. te zilAlekha upara ghaNu vidvAnoe zodhakhoLa ane vicAraNAo karI che. Dr. H. W. Thomas, Dr. A. Barth, Prof. R. D. Banerji, Dr. V. A. Smith, Dr. H. Luders, Dr. L. Barnett, Sir, J. H. Marshall, Dr. E. J. Rapson. Cania facia ane chelle chelle Dr. Sten Konow e tenA upara bArIka vicAraNupUrvaka, gUDha manana karIne bhavya rIte nirNaya ApyA che. tenA eka eka akSara upara khUba uMDo vicAra karyo che.

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mULa zilAlekha. (1) mahakSa[ tra ]vasa rajulasa( 2 )agramaheza ( r )i ayasia( 3 ) kamuha dhit( r )a ( 4 ) khara( 2 )aostasa yuvaraJa( 5 ) mat( 2 )a nada diakasa [ tae ] (6) sadha matra abuhola [e](7)pitramahI pizpas( ( ra )ia bhra(8)tra hayuaraNa sadha hana dhi[tra ] ( 9) a[ te ]ureNa horakapa(10)rivareNa iz( r )a pradhraviprat( r )e (11) z ( r )e nisime zarira prat( r )iThavit( r )o (12) bhak( r )avat ( 2 )o zakamunisa budhasa ( 13 ) muki [ zrI ] raya sazpa[ a ] bhusa vi[ ta ] ( 14 ) thuva ca sagharama ca can( r )u( 15 )diz ( 2 )asa saghasa sarva( 16 )stivatra ) ana prigrhe| (1) khara( ra )a osto yuvaraJa( E' ) kamuio (2) khalamasa kumara (3) maja kaniTha ( 4 ) saman [ u ] mota( r )a( E" ) k( )a karita B ( 1 ) mahakSatravasa ( 2 ) va( ra )julasa putra (C) kalui a( C2 )varajo ( 3 ) zudase kSatrave (D) naUludo M ( 1 ) kSatrave zudi(da )se ( 2 ) imo padhravi ( 3 ) prata( r )ez( r )o ( 1 ) veyaUdirna kadhavage busapa ( 2 ) ro kadha ( 3 ) varo ( 4 ) vi ya u( JI ) varapareNa palicchina ( 2 ) nisimo karita niyat( r )ita( r )o (H' ) dhamadana ( H ) guhavihare /

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KL ( 1 ) ayariasa ( 2 ) budhat ( r ) evasa ( 3 ) ut ( r ) aena ayimi [ta ] F ( 1 ) budhilasa nak( r ) araasa ( 2 ) bhikhusa sarvastivat (ra) asa G ( 1 ) mahakSat ( r ) avasa kusul ( u ) asa patikasa mevaki [ sa ] ( 2 ) miyikasakSat[ r ] avasa puyae J3 sarvastivat ( ra ) ana parigrahe N ( 1 ) ayariasa budhilasa nak ( r ) arakU ( r ) asa bhikhu ( 2 ) sa sarva - stivat ( r ) asa pa ( 3 ) na mahasaghiana pra ( 4 ) ma Javit ( r ) ave khalulasa 0 (1) sarvabudhana puya dhamasa ( 2 ) puya saghasa pu P ( 1 ) sarvasa sak ( r ) asta ( 2 ) nasa puyae Q ( 1 ) khardaasa ( 2 R kSatravasa ( 1 ) takSilasa ( 2 ) kroninasa J' khalazamu ( 2 ) zo : 7 :

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TEXT (1) mahakshastra]vasa Rajulasa (2) agramahesh(r)i Ayasia (3) Kamuia dhit(r)a ( 4 ) Khar(r)aostasa yuvarana ( 5 ) mat(r)a Nada Diakasa [taye] (6) sadha matra Abuhola[e] (7) pitramahi Pispas(r)ia bhra( 8 )tra Hayuarana sadha Hana dhistra) (9) alte Jurena horakapa( 10 )rivarena is(r) pradhraviprat(r)e( 11 )s (r)e nisime sarira prat(r)ithavit(r)o ( 12 ) bhak(r)avat(r)o Sakamunisa Budhasa ( 13 ) Mukissri raya saspa [a]bhusavi (ta] ( 14 ) thuva cha sagharama cha chat(r)u( 15 )dis(r)asa saghasa sarva( 16 ) stivat(r)ana parigrahe. E (1) Khar(r)aosto yuvaraya ( ) Kamuiv (2) Khalamasa kumara ( 3 ) Maja kunitha ( 4 ) saman[u]mot(r)a (E") k{r}a karita B (1) mahakshatravasa (2) Va(ra)julasa putra (C) Kalui a(C2)varajo (3) Suduse kshatrave ( D ) Nauludo m (1) kshatrave Sudi(da)se ( 2 ) imo padhravi( 3 )prat(r)es(r), (1) Veyatidirna kadhavaro Busapa( 2 )ro kadha( 3 )varo ( 4 ) vi ya u (J1 )rvaraparena palichhina ( 2 ) nisimu karita niyat(r)it(r)o (H') dhamadana (H ) guhavihare

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KL (1) ayariasa ( 2 ) Budhat(r)evasa ( 3 ) ut(r)aena ayimista] (1) Budhilasa nak(r)araasa ( 2 ) bhikhusa sarvastivat (r)asa G (1) mahakshat(r)avasa Kusulu Jasa Patikasa Mevaki (sa) ( 2 ) Miyikasa kshat(r)avasa puyae J 3 sarvastivat(r)ana parigrahe (1) ayariasa Budhilasa nak(r)arak(rasa bhikhu(2)sa sarvastivat rasa pagra(3)na mahasaghiana pra( 4 )ma navit(r)ave khalulasa 0 (1) sarvabudhana puya dhamasa 2)puya saghasa puya P (1) sarvasa Sak(r)asta (2) nasa puyae (1) Khardaasa ( 2 ) kshatravasa (1) Takshilasa ( 2 ) Kroninasa (1) Khalasamu(2)s.

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5 gujarAtI anuvAda mahAkSatrapa rajIlanI paTarANI ayasiya muie ( te ) yuvarAja kharaestanI putrI, ( te ) nadiakanI mAtA ( e ) pAtu petAnI mAta! abuhAlanI sAthe ( tathA ) pAtAnI dAdI ( pitAmahI ) pipasI potAnA bhAI hayuara ane tenI putrI hana ( Adi ) kauTuMbika parivAra ane ( anya ) dAnezvarI saMgha sahita muki ane tenA gheADAnI dhArmika vidhi karIne bhagavAna zAyamuni muddanAM asthionI, saMghArAmanI sImAnI bahAranA sthAnamAM, sthApanA karI. tathA sarvAstivAdIenI cAturdiza AjJAnA svIkAra karIne eka stUpa tathA eka saMghArAmanI paNa sthApanA karI. yuvarAja kharaesta kusuiae peAtAnA banne bhAi kumAra khalamasa tathA mane ( A kArya mAM ) sahamata karyA. mahAkSatrapa rajulanA putra ane luina! nAnA bhAI kSatrapa zuDasa nAlude u raparathI bhinna, tenI sImAthI alaga veyadiNuM ane bhusapara ( asthAyI nivAsasthAna Encampment ) nAmanA pRthvInA bhAga, gRhAvihAranA AcArya yudeva ( arthAt budhila je nagara( kAbulanI pAsenA zahera ) nA rahevAsI, bahubhASAnA jJAtA sarvAstivAdI sAdhu hatA tene dharmAMkAya mATe leTa karyo. mahAkSatrapa kumulaka patika ane Apa mevakI miyikanA sanmAna mATe, sarvAsti vAdIonA sanmAna mATe, mahAsAMghAnA yathArtha zikSaNane mATe, saMyama-niyamanA sanmAna mATe, takSazilA kroninanA kSatrapa kharadaane mATe, sarva sastAnane mATe, sarvAsti vAdI mahattta AcArya budhila-nagara ( kAbulanI pAsenA zahera )nA nivAsI-ne sasaMkalpa (jalAMjalipUrvaka ) pradAna karyA. x bauddhomAM muddanI mUrtinI sAme alaMkAra-vibhUSA karelA gheADA dhArmika vidhi tarIke bheTa karavAmAM AvatA hatA. evuM jainagraMthA uparathI paNa mAlUma paDe che. ittheva nagarIe buddhAyaNaM ciTui jattha samuddavasIyA karAvalanariMdakulasaMbhUyA rAyANo buddhabhattA aja viniyadevayassa purao mahagghamukaM pANiyaM alaMkiyaM vibhUsiyaM mahAturaMgamaM DhoaMti / * vividha tIrthalpa ' rR. 70, : 10 :

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hindI anuvAda. mahAkSatrapa rajula kI paTarANI ayasia kamuia, yuvarAja kharaosta kI putrI, nadadiaka kI mAtA svayaM, apanI mAtA abuhola ke sAtha, apanI pitAmahI ( dAdI ) pizpasI apane bhAI hayuara aura usakI putrI hana ( Adi ) kauTumbika parivAra aura dAnezvarI saMgha ke sAtha muki aura usake ghoDekI dhArmika vidhi karake bhagavAn zAkyamuni buddha kI asthioM kI usa sthAna-jo saMghArAma kI sImAse bAhara thA-meM sthApanA kI / tathA sarvAstivAdiyoM kI cAturdiza AjJA kI svIkRti ke hetu eka stUpa tathA eka saMghArAma kI bhI sthApanA kii| yuvarAja kharaosta kamuia ne apane dono anuja kumAra khalamasa aura maja ko ( bhI isa kArya meM ) sahamata kiye ( aura ) mahAkSatrapa rajula ke putra aura kalui kA anuja kSatrapa zuDasa nauluda ne urvarapara ke atirikta apanI sImA se alaga veyaudine aura busapara ( asthAyI nivAsa encampment ) nAmaka pRthvI ke bhAgako gRhAvihAra ke AcArya buddhadeva ( arthAt ) budhila-( jo ) nagara ( kAbUla ke pAsa ) ke rahane vAle ( aura ) bahuta bhASA jAnane vAle sarvAstivAdI sAdhu (the)-ko dharmArtha bheMTa diyA / __mahAkSatrapa kusulaka patika aura kSatrapa mevaki miyika ke sammAna ke lie, sarvAstivAdioM ke lie, mahAsAMghikoM ke satya zikSaNake lie, saMyama-niyama ke sammAna ke lie, takSazilA kronina ke kSatrapa kharadaa ke lie, sarva sakastAna ke lie sarvAstivAdI mahanta AcArya budhila-nagara ( kAbUla ke pAsa ) ke nivAsI-ko sasaMkalpa ( jalAJjalipUrvaka ) pradAna kiyaa|

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19 English Translation The chief queen of mahakshatrapa Rajula, Ayasia Kamuia, the daughter of the Yuvaraja Khiaraosta, the mother of Nada Diaka, by her, together with her mother Abuhola, her father's mother Pispasi, her brother Hayuara with his daughter Hana, the harem and the almslord chapter, was established in this piece of land, which is just outside the (samgharama )border, the relic of the Lord Sakyamuni, the Buddha-after having performed the solemnities over the illustrious king Muki and his horse, and a stupa and a samgharama, in the acceptance of the order of the four quarters of the Sarrastivadins. The yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamui, having made prince Khalamasa (and) Maja, the youngest, assenting parties, by the Mahakshatrapa Rajula's son,-the younger brother of Kalu-, the kshatrapa Sudasa, Nauluda-, by the kshatrapa Sudasa this piece of land, (viz.) the encampment Veyaudirna, and also encampment Busapara, limited by Urvarapara, was granted, after having made it (an appurtenance just) outside the limit-as a religious gift in the cave-monastery-,having given it, with libations of water, to the teacher Buddhadeva: to Budhila from Nagara, the Sarvastivudin monk,-in honour of the mahakshatrapa Kusuluka Patika (and) the kshatrapa Meraki Miyika-,in trust of the Sarvastwadins: to the teacher Budha from Nagara, the Sarrastivadin monk, a khalula (dialectician?) to teach the foremost Mahasanghikas the truth; as honouring of all the Buddhas, honouring of the Law, honouring of the Order; in honour of the whole Sakastana, of the kshatrapa Khardaa, of Takshila Kronina. Khalasumusu. : 12 :

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samIkSA vibhAga bIje.

Page #26
prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM paNa tenA traNa bhAgamAM mathurAnA "siMhadhvaja" zilAlekha saMbaMdhI lekhake ullekha karyo che. paraMtu temAM temanI e zilAlekhanI mAnyatAomAM ghaNe phera che. saMbhava che ke temaNe eka jaina stUpane ja A "siMhadhvaja " mAnI lIdho hoya. kAraNa ke mathurAmAM maLI AvelA avazeSamAM je barAbara dhyAnapUrvaka anveSaNa karavAmAM na Ave to bahu bhUla thaI javAne saMbhava che. lekhake kone zuM mAnyuM haze te khabara nathI, paraMtu siMhadhvaja viSayaka temanuM lakhANa ghaNuM viparIta che. temAM eka sthaLe ema lakhavAmAM AvyuM che ke jyAre mathurAnAM prAcIna avazeSa, nathI vaidika dharmanAM ke nathI baddhadharmanAM tyAre te pachI te samayanA traNa dharmo athavA saMskRti-vaidika zaiddha, ane jaina-paikI bAkI rahela trIjAnAMja eTale jaina dharmanAM ja hoI zake che. " prA. bhA. pu. 3. pR. 255. mathurAmAM eka vakhata jema jenenuM prAdhAnya hatuM, tema jaiddhone kALa paNa tenA upara vIti gayo che. sAthe sAthe kRSNa vigere yAda paNa tenA upara prabhutva bhegavI gayA che. jyAM je kALe jenuM prabhutva ke prAdhAnya hoya tyAM temanAM kAMI na koI avazeSa, cihno, nizAne, smRtio avazya rahe che. kALAMtare te nAza pAme ane khaMDiyara banI rahe. eTale jema jenenAM avaze moTA pramANamAM tyAM maLI AvyAM che tema boddhonAM ane vedika dharmanA avazeSo paNa maLI AvyAM che--maLI Ave che. alabata mathurAnagarImAM meTebhAge jainasaMskRtine sethI prAcIna ane sauthI vadhAre prabhAva rahyo che. te sAthe sAthe baiddha saMskRtinAM* cihno paNa Lion Capital vigere maLI Ave che. * mathurAmAM bauddha saMskRtinI paNa asara ThIkaThIka hatI. sarvAstivAdiyoMne mathurA pahuMca kara apane tripiTaka ko brAhmaNoM kI prazaMsita saMskRta bhASAmeM kara diyA |...yvn rAjA adhikAMza meM bauddha the; isalie unake ujjaina ke kSatrapa sAMcI ke sthaviravAdiyoM para tathA mathurA ke kSatrapa sarvAstivAdiyoM para bahuta sneha aura zraddhA rakhate the| mathurA usa samaya eka kSatrapa kI rAjadhAnI hI na thI, balki pUrva aura dakSiNa se takSazilA ke vaNika-pathapara vyApAra kA ekasusamRddha pradhAna kendra thI; isa liye sarvAstivAda ke pracAra meM baDI sahAyaka huii| magadha ke sarvAsti vAda se isa meM kucha aMtara ho cUkA thA; isa liye yahAM kA sarvAstivAda AryasarvAstivAda ke nAmase prasiddha huaa| buddhacaryA prastAvanA pR. - // : 14 :

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A siMhadhvaja vAstavika rIte baddha sculpture che, ema badhA pramANika vidvAna kahe che. lAyana kepiTalane zilAlekha poteja ema bole che. te sthaMbhanI sthApanAja buddhanA asthio upara karavAmAM AvI che. A kharI hakIkata che. chatAM "prAcIna bhAratavarSa' mAM viparIta lakhANa zA uparathI ne kyA AdhAra uparathI ke zA AzayathI lakhavAmAM AvyuM haze te te lekhaka jANe, paNa lekhakanI e hakIkata taddana asatya ne ajJAnapUrNa che emAM to zaka nathI. temAM te eTale sudhI lakhavAnuM sAhasa karyuM che ke "mathurA sihastUpa je che tene to jainadharmane hovAnuM vartamAna sarva vidvAnoe kabUla rAkhyuM che.jema mathurAne siMhastUpa jainadharmanuM smAraka che, tema sAMcItUpa paNa jaina dharmanuM ja lAkSaNika sthAna che. ane bhArahata-stUpane paNa teja dharmanuM jAgatuM-jIvatuM sthAna gaNavuM paDe che. " prA. bhA. pu. 1. pR 196-197. oN. zAha uparanA lakhANamAM sAMcItUpa ane bhArahatasvapane bauddhadharmanA smAraka tarIke kabUla karatA nathI jyAre cArebAjUethI vicAra karatAM ane eonI racanA tarapha RyA | sarvAstivAda eka prasiddha sampradAya thaa| asalameM tIna sarvAstivAda the (unameM) (kha) Arya sarvAstivAda mauryasAmrAjya ke patanakAla meM mathurA meM thaa| unake grantha saMskRta meM the| 'azokAvadAna' unhIM kI pustaka hai. mAtAra 6. savA li. 2. p. 382. Arya sthiviravAda magadha se haTakara vidizA ke samIpa caityaparvata ( vartamAna sAMcI ) para calA caMdrava - These remains should be at once the most magnificent and the most perfect example of Buddhist architecture in India. A Guide to Sanchi. P. 2. The sculptures which cover from top to bottom the eastern gate of the stupa of Sanchi may be divided into two great categories, the decorative elements and the Buddhist scenes. The Beginning of Buddhist Art' P. 84. * bhArahuta ke suprasiddha bauddha stUpa kA toraNa zuMgoMke rAjyakAla meM hI banA thaa| bhAratIya tidAsa paNa vi. 2. 9. 728. azoka ke samaya meM bauddha dharma ke prabhAva se samAja ke bhinna 2 aMga dhIre 2 eka ho rahe the| isa avasthA kA citra bharahUta aura sAMcI ke stUpoM ke cAroM ora ke pariveSTanoM aura toraNoM meM sApha dikhAI detA hai| "vauTiIna mArata" kR0 radda. : 15 :

Page #28
daSTipAta karatAM tathA bhAratIya ane pAzcAtya vidvAnonA abhiprAya jotAM spaSTa rIte jaNAI Ave che ke te uparyukta stUpa dharmanAMja che. A sihapane ja mAtra baddhadharmano TharAvavA mATe zuM AdhAra che? (joke have tene paNa jaina dharmane TharAvAya che.)" prA. bhA. bhA. 3. pR. 245. have lekhake lAyana kepiTala-siha dhvajanI tamAma hakIkata lakhavAmAM prAcIna arvAcIna vidvAnonAM pustaka vAMcyA hoya ke pite kAMI tapAsa karI hoya; bIjA vidvAnanAM maMtavya upara vicAra karyo hoya ke zilAlekhanI hakIkata paNa vAMcI hoya evuM tenA aMdaranA eke akSarathI dekhAtuM nathI, eTaluM ja nahIM niraMkuza banIne kalpanA upara koI paNa kAbU rAkhyAvagara akAMDatAMDava karyuM che. pratiSThita eka paNa vidvAnanuM nAma nizAna ke pramANa ApyuM nathI. kyA vidvAne te siMhadhvajane buddhano nathI ema kahe che ke temaNe batAvavuM joItuM hatuM. lekhakane zilAlekhanI lipi ke bhASA to ukalI nathI paNa tenA upara lakhAyelA aMgrejIhindI pustaka ke anuvAda upara paNa dhyAna ApyuM nathI. pratiSThita ne abhyAsI badhA vidvAne tene boddhasmAraka tarIke oLakhAve che. chellAmAM chellI zodhakhoLa karanAra DaeN. TIna kenee paNa te boddha dharmane hevAno nirNaya Apyo che. - eka sthaLe te te lekhane brAhmI lipimAM hovAnuM pra. bhA. pustakamAM jaNAvyuM che. kharI rIte te Akho zilAlekha kharejhI lipimAM lakhAyeluM che. khareSThI lipi che ke bhASA che te paNa pustakanA lekhakane khabara nathI. kyAMka khareSThI lipi batAve che to keI sthaLe khareSThIne bhASA tarIke varNave che. hai. sTIna ke je nirNaya Ape che te A pramANe che - We have a pillar, surmounted by an architrave on which two lions couchant are placed back to back, and above them rises an enormous Dharmachakra ... The arrangement seems to have been a very common one, the lions as Supporters of the Dharnucuchakra being symbols of the Buddha, who is often called the lion of the Sakya race. Kharoshthi Inscriptions. P. 30 te sivAya hiMdustAnanA ane vilAyatanA vidvAnenuM te badala zuM mantavya che te A prakaraNanI sAthe joDelA temanA A viSayamAM AvelA kAgaLo-patro uparathI joI zakAya che ane nizcita karI zakAya che ke te zilAlekha kyA dharmano che. vaLa " grAcIna bhAratavarSa " pustakamAM mahAkSatra bhUmaka ne mahAkSatraya nahapAna tathA yuvarAja kharasta ane mahAkSatrapa rajula vigerenI hakIkata eTalI ajJAnapUrNa ne managhaDaMta kapanA bharI AlekhI che ke tenuM varNana thaI zake nahIM.

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yuvarAja kharasta, alamasakumAra ane mahAkSatrapa rajulanA putra zuDasa e traNene eka karI batAvyA che. pitAnA sasarAne pitAne putra banAvI devAmAM Avyo che. ane jyAM koInuM nAma nizAna nathI tyAM navAM nAmo upajAvI kADhyAM che. ItihAsanI e kevI vikRti che te eka itihAsakAra sArI rIte samajI zake. * prAcIna bhAratavarSa" nuM avataraNa A pramANe che. "rAjupula ne cAra putro ane eka putrIne parivAra hato. sAdhAraNa niyama e che ke, pitAnI gAdIe hamezA jyeSTha putraja Ave. ahIM jayeSTha putra-yuvarAjanuM nAma alayakumAra athavA kharasTa hoya ema jaNAya che; jyAre tenI pachI gAdIe te DAsa AvyAnuM jaNAyuM che; eTale be anumAna karI zakAya che. kAMto jema khalayakumAranuM nAma kharasTa che tema trIjuM nAma paDAza paNa hoya; athavA pitAnI haiyAtImAM ja te kharasTanuM maraNa nipajyuM hoya, te tenA pachI turataja nAno kumAra eTale jeno naMbara bIje hoya tevo te sodAsa gAdIe AvyuM hoya." prA. bhA. pu. 3. pR. 230 pahelAM to rAjulula-rajulane cAra putreja hatA nahIM. tene be putreja hatA. ekanuM nAma zuDasa naoNluda* ane bIjAnuM nAma kaluI. rajulanA jayeSTha putranuM nAma khalayasakumAra paNa nathI ane parAsta paNa nathI. kharasta to rajulanI paTarANI ayasi kamuIane pitA eTale ke rajulano sasaro thAya che. ane alamasa ( khalayasa nahIM) kumAra e kharastanA bhAInuM nAma che. eTale temane keTuMbika saMbaMdha meLavavA jaIe to ema saMbaMdha Ave ke yuvarAja kharasta kamuIe e rajulane sasaro ane alamasakumAra e rajulano nAno sasare thAya. have sasarAne ke potAnI rANInA bApane yA kAkAne pitAnA putra banAvI devA e keTalu ajugatu anucita ne hAMsIpAtra lekhAya te to sAmAnya buddhinA mANasathI paNa samajI zakAya. chatAM ( A jamAnAmAM jyAre ke te bAbatamAM ghaNI kharI dhakhoLa ne nirNaya thaI gayAM che.) lekhakane bedhaDaka AvuM lakhavAmAM jarA paNa saMkeca thayo nathI e ochI zaramanI vAta che? vAstavamAM 8kharasta e rAjA artAno putra thAya ane * saMbhava che ke nauuda e ene trIjo putra hoya, paraMtu nalada kharekhara zuM che te hajI samajI zakAyuM nathI. >> 'mArata ke prAcIna rAjJavaMza'mAM savAra bulIyama godhapura nA suparinTenDenTa sAhityacArya zrImAna | vikavezvaranAtha re, ema. Ara. e. esa. rAjulanI kauTuMbika hakIkata AlekhatAM lakhe che ke - mahAkSatrapa rAjula kI paTarANI 'naMdasiakasA' ne buddha kI asthiyoM para eka stUpa banavAyA thaa| isa rANI ke pitA kA nAma 'Ayasiko musA ' aura mAtA kA 'avulA ' tathA dAdI kA 'pisapasi' thaa| ukta rANI ('nandasiakasA') ' hayuarA kI bahana thii| isI lekha meM rAjula ke baDe putra kA nAma varoda ' zaura anyAA nAma " na, DhillA hai " pR. 199-200 : 17 :

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jIsanA tA bhAI nahIM mAtAmaha thAya. eTale tene bhAI ke bIjuM nAma ApavA mATe tenA upara eke anumAna karavAnI jarUra nathI. kharI vAta e che ke AgaLa pAchaLanAM jUnAM navAM vAMcavA lAyaka pustake kAMtA vAMcyA nathI ane kAMtA manamAM Ave ema hAMkye rAkhyu che. yuvarAja kharaesta muianI mULa lekhamAM kharI hakIkata A che. "The Kharoshthi Kshatrapasa pra Kharaostasa Artasa (or le Orasa) putrasa, tenA upara vivecana karatAM DaoN. sTInakAnA spaSTa rIte lakhe che. The importance of the coin legends rests with the fact that they show that Kharaostha was not the son of Rajula, as has sometimes been assumed, but of At......More over the general construction of the inscription seems to show that, Rajula's queen was the daughter and not the mother of the yuvaraja Kharaostha. In other words, Kharaostha was the legal heir of Moga. And that was apparently the reason why Rajula had married his daughter and made her his chief queen: he wanted to strengthen his position among the Saka leaders. Kharaoshthi Inscription P. xxx v-vi. uparanI badhI vigatA vAMcyA vagara itihAsa lakhavAnI hIMmata karI che eTaluMja nahIM bIjA vidvAnane uDAvavAnI paNa hiMmata--dhRSTatA karI e bhAre zeAcanIya che. AgaLa jatAM eja pustakamAM mahAkSatrapa bhUmaka ane mahAkSatrapa nahapAna saMbaMdhI meLA gabaDAvatAM lakhyuM che ke-- " vaLI lion capital che ( siMhasta Mbha ) eTale zrI mahAvIranA bhakta che. temaja, pelA prakhyAta mathurAnA staMbhAvALA kSatrapa rAjIvula ane bhramaka ekaja jAtinA hAvAnuM pUravAra " " uparanA avataraNane meATA bhAga asatya che. mahAkSatrapa rajIlanI paTarANInuM nAma ' naMdisaakasA, nahIM paNa ' asi kamurdacya ' che. vaLI te rANInA pitAnuM nAma * Aryasake musA nahIM paNa * yuvarAja khaAsta karyui ' che. ' kharasta " rajulanA moTA putranuM nAma nahIM paNa rajulanA sasarAnu' nAma che. ane ' hana ' e rajulanI putrI nathI paNa khastanI potrI ane hayuaranI putrI che, lekhakaH : 18 :

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kare che. vaLI bhUmakane athavA tenI gerahAjarImAM tenA pratinidhi nahapANane pramukha nimya hato....vaLI brAhmI lipinA akSaro che te hiMda ane bhAratanuM saMdhANa batAve che." prA. bhA. bhA 2.5 9. vaLI mathurAnA lAyana kepITala pIlara nAme oLakhAtA staMbhanI pratiSThA kSatrapa rAjulanA samaye tenI paTarANIe karAvI che. te prasaMga upara mahAkSatrapa bhUmakane teNe AmaMtraNa ApyuM che paNa te pite upasthita thaI nahIM zakavAthI tenA pratinidhi tarIke teNe kSatrapa nahapANu ne tyAM mekalyA che...tene adhyakSa sthAna apAyuM che. A sarva hakIkatathI ema sAbIta thAya che ke mathurAnA kSatra, bhUmaka tathA nahapANa te sarve eka ja dharmAnuyAyI hovA joIe." prA. bhA. pu. 2. pR. 77. A prasaMganA meLAvaDAnA sabhApati tarIke te bhUmakanIja cUMTaNI karavAmAM AvI hatI, paNa A samaye...bhUmakanI umara lagabhaga 95 varSanI thaI gaI hovAthI teNe pote hAjarI na ApatAM, potAnA yuvarAja kSatrapa nahapANane pitAnA pratinidhi tarIke pAThavyo hato matalaba ke, traNe pradezanA kSaharATa mahAkSatra ane temanA yuvarAja kSatrapa tyAM hAjara thaI gayA hatA. ( alabata, bhUmaka pitAnA sthaLo nahotoja) prA. bhA. pu. 3. pR. 233-34 uparanA avataraNanI keTalIka hakIkato upara bahu lAMbuM vivecana karavAnI jarUra hovA chatAM te laMbANa na karatAM kevaLa bhUmaka ke nahapAnI te prasaMge upasthiti saMbaMdhI ja ullekha karIza. upalA avataraNamAM sihadhvaja eTale zrI mahAvIrano bhakta che ema lakhIne lekhaka zuM kahevA mAge che ? zuM thAMbhale mahAvIrane bhakta che ke te zilAlekha mahAvIrano bhakta che ? tethI lekhakano kahevAne Azaya zuM haze te teo jANe. vaLI mahAkSatrapa bhUmakane te prasaMge AmaMtraNa ApyuM, prasaMgane adhyakSa nIce, kSatrapa nahapAne tyAM pratinidhi tarIke pAThavyo e badhI hakIkata kayA kevaLajJAna dvArA lekhake jANI lIdhI ? lekhamAM to e eke vAta lakhI nathI. vAstavamAM siMhadvajanI pratiSThA vakhate nahapAnanI hastIja hatI nahIM. te to se varSa pachI thayo che ane koI vidvAna teno ullekha karatA nathI, zilAlekhamAM bhUmakanuM nAma nathI, tene AmaMtraNa ApyAno ullekha nathI. nahapAnuM nAma nathI. pachI prA. bhA. nA lekhakanA ekalAnI AMkhamAM e badhA nAme ne hakIkatonuM varNana kayAMthI uDI AvyuM ? vaLI lipi to ukalI nathI. kaI lipi che e khabara nathI. e zilAlekhanI brAhmI lipi nathI kharoSThI lipi che, brAhmI lipine kharoSThI lipino bheda te parakhAyo nathI ne tenA upara nirNaya ApavA javuM e anadhikAra ceSTA che. kharI rIte to temaNe itihAsa lakhe che eja anadhikAra ceSTA karI che. eka tarapha lakhe che, bhUmaka tyAM AvI na zakavAthI tenA pratinidhi nahapAne mokalyo. bIjI vakhata lakhe che - traNe pradezanA kSatrapa mahAkSatrape tyAM hAjara thaI gayA hatA ane bacAva kare che ke bhUmaka

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sthULa dehe tyAM naheAtA; bhUmaka sthULa dehe tyAM nahAtA tA kyA dehe tyAM hatA e paNa atAvavuM te hatuM. AvI agama nigamanI vAtA karI, khATA tRta ubhA karavA ane itihAsanuM nAma ApavuM e khIje cAlI zake kharU ke ? je mANasanuM te vakhate astitvaja nahAtuM tene pratinidhi tarIke mAkalyA ema kahevuM e kayA itihAsa ? lekhaka eka sthaLe lakhe che ke (C mathurA lAyana kepITala pIlara jainadharmI hAvAnuM vidvAnoe svIkAryuM che. ane temAM svastikanuM cihna heAvAthI...A sarve kSatrA ane mahAkSatrA paradezI hAvA chatAM temaNe jainadharmaja apanAvela hAvA joie. '' prA. bhA. pu. 2, pR. 79 eka svastikanA nizAna mAtrathI saune eka dharma nA gaNI levA ke mAnI levA e vAhIyAta kalpanA nathI ? svastikanA cihanathIja badhAne jaina mAnavA hAya teA AkhA jamanI dezane jaina hAvAnuM kema na lakhyuM ? janInuM rASTra cihna svastika che, ane bhAratamAM bIjA ghaNA svastika cihna rAkhe che tA zuM je je svastika rAkhe te badhA jaina samajI levA ke ? ane e evI kalpanA karIne itihAsa lakhate heya tA enA vuM thAya ke jo bahu nakha lAMbA kare tA mULa nakhane paNa ukhADI nAkhe. vastu khATI rIte vadhAravA jAya tA mULa paNa ukhaDI jAya. lekhakane pAtAnA ghenamAM ATalI sAdI sIdhI vAta paNa nathI samajAtI ke? A prakaraNanI sAthe siMhadhvajanA mULa zilAlekha tathA tenA hindI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI anuvAdo paNa ApyA che, AvA ughADA satyane DhAMkavAnI--sUrajane chAbaDe DhAMkavAnI-lekhakanI vRtti keTalI mAlizatAbharI ne hAsyajanaka che ? vaLI lekhakanI kalpanA che ke te sihadhvaja agnimitre tADI nAkhyA vigere vigere temAM paNa kAi satyAMza nathI lAgatA. puSyamitra--kalki ne agnimitranA bheda ja kadAca temanAthI ukalyA nahIM hAya. kAraNa ke ghaNIya puSyamitranI hakIkatA temanA pustakamAM agnimitra upara caDAvI devAmAM AvI che. te uparAMta bIjI paNa mathurA saMbaMdhI keTalIya hakIkatA asatya AlekhI che. prAcIna bhAratavarSa nAM trIjA bhAgamAM 232 pRSTa upara ' AmeAhI ' nAmanI eka parA tarIke gaNanA karI che. vAstavamAM te zabda ameAhinI che ane te eka strInuM nAma hatuM. vaLI tenAja ra44 ane 258 pRSTa upara Euddhist India nA 36-37 pRSTanuM eka avataraNa lIdhuM che temAM bhASAnA zabdonA artha ja pheravI nAkhyA che. para Mtu e badhu ahIM AlekhavAmAM ghaNu lakhaNu thaI jAya tema che eTale e badhI bAbatane ahIMja TukAvu chuM. : 20 :

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abhiprA. vibhAga trIje.

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(9) si. bus. soney. Hz. 161, Woodstock Road, - Oxford, September 7, 1937. My dear friend, It gives me great pleasure to be writing to you again. I have always been pained to think of my apparent neglect as exhibited by my failure to write, and I have hoped that in due time the intensity of my preoccupations would be diminished and then I could become a better correspondent. Now that I have terminated my oxford professorship this hope may be realized at least when I shall have given the final touches to one or two literary works and also have prepared for the pleasant and highly responsible duty of presidentship of the coming conference in Trivandrum. I am impressed with the importance of the conference, and I highly appreciate the honour of presiding. But what I value no less is the opportunity of meeting old friends in India and conferring with them concerning common studies and united action. I must now say just one word in answer to your inquiries concerning the Mathura Inscription and the Edicts of Asoka. I fully confirm your view that in the Mathura Lion Capital Inscription there is no trace of Nahapana and of Jainas. The inscription definitely

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refers to Buddha Sakyamuni and even mentions the Sarvastivada and Mahasamghika seots of Buddhism. Is it possible that the author whom you have in mind is thinking of the numerous other Mathura inscriptions which are Jain published by Dr. Buhler in Epigraphia Indica, Vol. I. But even in these there is no mention of Nahapana. As to the relation between Nahapana and Bhumaka Professor Rapson declares in his catalogue of indian Coins : Andhras etc. (p, CVIII) that Bhumaka preceeded Nahapana but that the relation between them, is unknown. Many scholars hold that Bhumaka was identical with Y samotika, the father of Chastana, (see Professor Konow, Kharaoshthi Insoriptions, p. LXX Nahapana would thus have been centemporary with Chashtana.......... I am interested to know that you are studying Asoka. There is no important new publication concerning him. The last work of fundamental importance is Prof. Hultzsch's edition.........even that was not very rich in new matters. I have not seen Dr. Tribhuvandas' Gujarati book : but I cannot accept his theory. I have written to a friend in Upsala concerning the Uttaradhyayana manuscript and I will report to you the result. I shall inform you when the plan of my Indian visit is mature. In the mean while I look forward with pleasure to our meeting. With very kind regards, Yours sincerely, F. W. Thomas. si. sus. Soney LH21. 2$1, gadis itu, eNkasapharDa, sapTembara 7, 1937. hArA vahAlA mitra, tamArI upara pharIvAra para lakhatAM mane ghaNe AnaMda upaje che. Apane patra nahi lakhavAthI lAgatI hArI bedarakArIthI mane ghaNuM duHkha thAya che. ane huM AzA rAkhuM chuM : 23

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ke vakhata jatAM mamhArA vyavasAyanI puSkaLatA ochI thaze, ane pachI huM vadhAre sAre patralekhaka thaI zakIza. have meM oNkasapharDanA prophesaranuM kArya pUruM karyuM che, ane eka be sAhityanA graMthamAM chevaTanA sudhArA vadhArA huM karI rahIza, temaja trivendramamAM bharAnArI AgAmI pariSadanA pramukhapadanI ghaNuM javAbadArIvALI pharaja mATe taiyArI karI rahIza. A pariSadanI AvazyaktA ghaNI che ema mane lAge che, ane mane pramukha banAvavAnAM mAna mATe huM yogya kadara karuM chuM. vaLI hindustAnamAM rahetA ghaNA mitrone maLavAnuM ane temanI sAthe sArvajanika abhyAsa ane saMyukta kArya mATe je dhAraNA che tenI tulanA karavAno suavasara maLyo che te ochAM mUlyanI vAta nathI ! mathurAnA zilAlekha tathA azokanA zAsana saMbaMdhI ApanA praznone huM TuMka javAba ApavAnI IcchA rAkhuM chuM. mathurAnA siMhazilAlekhamAM nahapAna viSe ke jeno viSe kaze ullekha nathI evA ApanA mata sAthe huM maLato thAuM chuM. te zilAlekha cosa buddha zAkyamuni ane bauddha dharmanA mahAsAMghika paMthane ulekhe che. kadAca ema hoI zake ke je lekhaka viSe Apa dhAro cho te lekhaka mathurAnA bIjA keTalAka jaina zilAlekho viSe vicAra karato hovo joIe. je DaoN. bulare potAnA epIgrAphIA IDIkAnA vai. 1 mAM lakhyuM che, paNa A zilAlekhamAM paNa nahapAnano nirdeza kayAMI karavAmAM AvyuM nathI. nahapAna ane bhUmakanA saMbaMdha viSe pro. resana potAnA "keTalaeNka oNpha InDIana kavAInsa " AghanA pR. 108 mAM ghoSita kare che ke bhUmaka nahapAnanI pahelAM thaye hato, paNa temanI vacce zo saMbaMdha hato te jaNAyuM nathI. ghaNu vidvAno mAne che ke bhUmaka ane aSTanane pitA sAmatika ekaja hatA. (pro. sTIna kenonA barachI IkkIpazana pR. 70) A rIte nahapAna caNanane samakAlI nahovo joIe. Apa azokano abhyAsa karo cho te jANIne mane ghaNe AnaMda thAya che. tenA viSe kAMI agatyanuM navIna prakAzana nathI. mailika agatyatAnuM chelluM pustaka che. huzanI AvRtti che. temAM paNa navI bAbato bahu nathI. meM DaoN. tribhuvanadAse banAveluM gujarAtI pustaka joyuM nathI; paNa huM temanA matano svIkAra karI zakatA nathI. uttarAdhyayananI hastalikhita prati mATe meM hArA eka mitrane upsAlAmAM lakhyuM che; tenuM pariNAma Avaze te huM Apane jaNAvIza. hArI hindanI mulAkAtanI yojanA kyAre nakkI thaze tyAre huM Apane jaNAvIza. te daramiyAna Apane maLavAnI AzA rAkhuM chuM. ghaNA mAna sAthe Apane parama mitra epha. Dabalyu. kaeNmasa.

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( 2 ) DA. sTIna kAnA Kirkeveien 114 C. Oslo, Aug. 10, 1937 My dear Vijaya Indra Suriji, Many thanks for your letter of the 15th ult. You have evidently not received the letter I wrote about a month ago about mentioning of Jain saints in Brahmi and Kharaoshthi Inscription. I shall therefore repeat that there is absolutely no trace in Kharaoshthi records, and it is absolutely certain that Nahapana's name does not occur in the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions. That would in itself hardly have been impossible because the Lion Capital is older than Nahapana. There is further not the slightest support for the assumption that Bhumaka was the father of Nahapana. The records about Bhumaka are his coins, which are no doubt older than those of Nahapana, but the latter's coins and inscriptions no where mention his father, and it is absolutely unwarranted to assume that he was the son of Bhumaka. You will have noticed that the form Bhumaka is rather barbaric, and it has been assumed, I believe rightly, that it is a clumsy translation of a foreign name. Now we know that the western Kshatrapas were Sakas i. e. Iranians and we know that the Saka word for Bhumi was ysama. I therefore think that I was right in assuming that Bhumaka is a barbaric rendering of the name ysamotika and ysamotika the father of (not ghsamotika, which is a wrong reading) was Chashtana who succeeded to the position of Kshatrapa and Mahakshatrapa after the defeat of Nahapana by the Andhras when the Sakas were able to recover something of their lost power................. : 25 : With kindest regards, Yours Sincerely, STEN KONOW.

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DA. sTInAnA. 10 mI egasTa, 1937 mhArA vhAlA mitra vijayendrasUrijI. ApanA gai tA. 15 mInA patra mATe ghaNA upakAra. me Apane lagabhaga eka mAsa upara patra lakhyA hatA te Apane maLyeA lAgatA nathI. je patramAM brAhmI ane khareAchI lipinA zilAlekhAmAM jaina mahAtmAe viSe meM lakhyu hatu. A kAraNathI huM Apane pharIvAra jaNAvuM chuM ke kharoSThI lipinA lekhAmAM te saMbaMdhI kAMi ullekha nathI, temaja mathurAnA siMhazilAlekhamAM nahapAnanu nAma nathI e taddana cAkkasa che. A bAbata asaMbhivata nathI, kAraNa ke te siMhazilAlekha nahapAna karatAM prAcInatara che. te uparAMta bhUmaka nahapAnane pitA hatA evuM mAnI levAne kAMipaNa AdhAra nathI. bhUmakA saMbaMdhInA lekhA tenA sikkAomAMthI maLI Ave che; A sikkAe ezaka nahapAnanA sikkAe karatA vadhAre prAcIna che. paNa nahapAnanA sikkAe tathA zilAlekhAmAM tenA pitAnu nAma maLI AvatuM nathI. ane nahapAna bhUmakanA putra hatA ema mAnI levAne kAMi AdhAra nathI. ?? Apane jarUra lAgyuM haze ke bhUmaka' nAmanuM rUpa cavanIya che, ane ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ane A mAnyatA kharI che ema mArA mata che-ke " bhUmaka " e nAma kAi videzI nAmanuM kila bhASAMtara che. have ApaNe jANIe chIe ke pazcimanA kSatrape zakajAtinA eTale ke irAnIyana hatA, ane ApaNane vidita che ke zaka bhASAmAM " bhUmi ne mATe " yasma " kahe che. tethI huM dhArUM chuM ke " bhUmaka nAma e "sAmeAtika " nAmanuM kilaSTa bhASAMtara che. A auAmeAtika caSTananA pitA hatA. AndhronI sAthe nahapAnanI hAra thaI tyArapachI jyAre zakeAe peAtAnI gumAvelI sattA gheADI ghaNI pAchI meLavI tyAre caSTana kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa thayA hatA. ,, ghaNA mAna sAthe ApanA paramamitra skIna kAnA. ( 3 ) sara jhona mArzala. : 26 : "" ,, Avondale, Sydney Road Guildford, Surrey, England. 2nd September, 1987. Dear Sir, I received your letter through Mr. Probsthain and will answer your queries seriatum:

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(I) The pillars at Bharhut bearing the names of Ajatasatru and Prasenajit were not erected until nearly four hundred years after the death of those Kings. (2) The inscription on the Lion Capital from Mathura is not referrable to the Jains. It refers explicitly to the veneration of the Buddhas, the Dharma and the Sangha, and it also refers to the Sarvastivadins. Thero is no question therefore, as to its being Buddhist. (3) There is no mention of Nahapana in this inscription. (4) ...... Yours truly, John Marshall. sara jhona mArzala. evonaDela. sIDanI reDa, galDaphorDa, saro, IMglAMDa, 2 jI sapTembara 1937. vhAlA sAheba. Apane patra mI. pratyena mAraphata maLe, ane ApanA praznone huM kramavAra javAba ApIza. ( 1 ) bhAratanA staMbha jenI upara ajAtazatru ane prasenajItanAM nAme che te A rAjAonA mRtyu pachI cAraso varSa sudhImAM sthApana karavAmAM AvyA na hatA. * have DaoN. zAha potAnA prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhA. 1, pR. 374-75 mAM tathA prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhA. 2 jA nA pR. 38 mAM bhAradUta tUpamAM ajAtazatra ane prasenajita e banne rAjAoe thAMbhalA sthApana karyA che ema lakhe che to te vagara AdhAre kayAMsudhI mAnI zakAya. jyAre 3. zAhanI uparyukata bAbata vAMcI tyAre mane paNa zaMkA thaI hatI, paraMtu teoe ja pramANa mATe ApeluM De. kaniMgahAma kata "bhAradUta tUpa' nAmanuM pustaka mArA vAMcavAmAM AvyuM nahotuM kAraNa ke te maLI zakatuM nahotuM, mahAmahenate te pustaka ane sAkSara bAbuM pUraNacaMda nahAranI kalakattAnI lAyabrerImAMthI maLyuM, tyAMthI maMgAvIne meM akSare akSara vAMcI joyuM, paraMtu emAM koI paNa : 27 :

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( 2 ) mathurAnA siMhazilAlekha jaineAne uddezIne lakhAyela nathI. temAM spaSTarIte buddhanI pUjA, dharma ane saMgha sa MbadhI ullekha che; te uparAMta temAM sarvAstivAdionA paNa ullekha che. tethI te aiAddhazilAlekha che emAM zaka nathI. ( 3 ) te zilAlekhamAM nahupAna viSe kAMipaNa ullekha ( 4 ) DA. ela. DI. eraneTa, nathI. ApanA kharA mitra, jhAna mArzala. London. 11 August, 1987. Dear Sir, I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 15th ult. It is, I think, certain that the Mathura Lion-Capital inscription makes no mention of Nahapana or of Jain affairs. You are doubtless acquainted with the edition of the inscription by Professor Thomas in Epigraphia Indica, which is final, and your observation is quite correct. Believe me to remain, Yours very faithfully, L. D. BARNETT. jagyAe evuM jovAmAM ke vAMcavAmAM na AvyuM ke uparyukata stUpanA thAMbhalAe rAjA prasenajIte tathA ajAtazatrue banAvyA hoya. DaoN. kaniMgahAme te mAtra eLakhANane mATe prasenajIr pillara ane aAtazatru pillara evA nAmeAllekha mAtra karela che, kAraNa ke te thAMbhalA upara je dRzyo kAtaravAmAM AvyA che temAM ajAtazatru sabaMdhI ane prasenajIt saMbadhI hakIkata che, zrIyuta veNImAdhava vayA ane siMha saMpAdita ' bhArata inskrapzana ' mAM Azare 225 zilAlekhA che te badhA baudharmaneja lagatA che te badhI bAbatAne vicAra karatAM mane ema lAge che ke bhArata stUpa bauddhonu ja che. ATaluM spaSTIkaraNa karyA pachI mAre spaSTa rIte kahevu abhiprAyamAM jaNAvela bAbata akSarazaH satya che ane tene huM : 28: svayaM samajI zakAya tevI vAta che ke bhArata stUpa Akhuye jyAre bauddhonu ja che te pachI rAjA prasenajit pillara ane rAjA ajAtazatru pillara jainanu krama hAi zake ?. vaLI Aja divasa sudhI koipaNa sAkSare ekaya zabda uccAryAM nathI ke bhArata ratUpa bauddhone nathI, te| ethI vAMcanArAee vicAra karavAnI jarUrata che ke DA. zAhe vagara AdhAre AvI asaMbhava 5nA kema karI haze ? joie ke DaoN. jhAna mArzale potAnA saMpUrNa rIte maLatA thAuM chuM.

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DaoN. ela. DI. bAraneTa. laMDana, 11 mI ogasTa, 1937 vahAlA sAheba, Apane gayA mAsanI tA. 5 mIne patra svIkAravAnI huM rajA lauM chuM. huM dhAruM chuM ke mathurAnA siMhazilAlekhamAM nahapAna athavA jene saMbaMdhI koIpaNa ullekha nathI te cokkasa che. Ape " epIgrAphIA InDIkA " mAM dhro. thomase ApelI zilAlekhanI AvRtti joI haze; A AvRtti chevaTanI che, ApanuM kahevuM tadana kharUM che. Apane ghaNoja vizvAsu, ela. DI. bAraneTa. DaoN. I. je. repsana 8, Mortimer Road, Cambridge. 11 Aug., 1997. Dear Sir, In reply to your letter of 15-7-37 I write to say that you are correct in your observations concerning the inscriptions of the Lion Capital from Mathura. There is no mention of Nahapana in these inscriptions. Nahapana lived more than a hundred years after the date of the Lion Capital. There is nothing in the inscriptions of the Lion Capital to connect this monument with the Jains........ Believe me yours sincerely, E. J. RAPSON. : 29 :

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DaoN. I. je. sana 8, mArTImara reDa, kemboja, 11 mI ogasTa, 1937 vahAlA sAheba, ApanA tA. 15-7-37 nA patranA javAbamAM huM jaNAvavAnI rajA lauM chuM ke mathurAnA sihazilAlekha saMbaMdhI Apano mata kharo che. A zilAlekhamAM nahapAna saMbaMdhI kAMI ullekha nathI. A siMhadhvaja sthApana karavAmAM AvyuM tyAra pachI ekaso karatAM paNa vadhAre varSo pachI nahapAna thayo hato. A zilAlekhane jeno sAthe koI saMbaMdha hoya evuM batAvavAne temAM kAMI paNa nathI. Apane paramamitra, I. je. rezmana. DaoN. hIrAnaMda zAstrI. heDa A lojIkala DIpArTamenTa vaDodarA. Baroda, 8-9-37. Revd. Muni Maharaja, I am sorry I have not been able to reply to your letter. But I had been looking up. The trouble is that the books required for references are not at hand. My own books are in Lahore. As far as I remember, the name of Nahapana does not figure in the inscription of the Lion Capital from Mathura, and the inscription is not Jain. But I shall study it again when I get a copy of it anywhere and then let you know. My idea is that the author' whom you have in view does not care much for accuracy and we should not attach much importance to what he opines. It is no troubling me at all. I have to look to such matters. In case you have got with you any edition of that inscription you may kindly send it to me for a while and I shall return it with my reply. your's sincerely, HIRANAND. : 30 :

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DaoN. hIrAnaMda zAstrI. heDa, ArcolojIkala DIpArTamenTa, vaDodarA. vaDodarA tA. 3-8-37. pUjya muni mahArAja, ApanA patrano huM pratyuttara ApI na zako mATe dilagIra chuM, paNa huM keTalAka pustake jovAmAM rokAyela hato. vAta ema che ke nirdezana mATe je pustakonI jarUra che te mahArI pAse hAla nathI. mahArAM pitAnAM pustako lAhora che. tethI mane yAda che tyAM sudhI huM jaNAvuM chuM ke mathurAnA sihazilAlekhamAM nahapAnanuM nAma AvatuM nathI, temaja te zilAlekha jeno nathI. paNa mane te pustaka maLaze tyAre huM pharIvAra te zilAlekhano abhyAsa karIza ane pachI Apane jaNAvIza. mane e khyAla che ke ApanI najaramAM je lekhaka che tene cokasAI mATe jhAjhI darakAra nathI tethI tenA matane ApaNe bahu agatyatA ApavI joIe nahi. mane kAMI mahenata paDavAnI ja nathI. mahAre to AvI bAbato jevI ja paDe che. te zilAlekhanI AvRtti ApanI pAse hoya to mane te mokalaze; huM hArI javAba sAthe Apane pAchI mokalIza. Apano paramamitra, hIrAnaMda, ( 7 ) DaoN. DI. Ara. bhaMDArakara. 4.-A, Old Bullygunj Road, Calcutta, The 21st. July, 1987 . Dear Suriji, Yours of 15th. instant to hand here yesterday. The inscriptions on the Lion Pillar Capital of Mathura obviously belong to Buddhism. They are in no way connected with Jainism. The name of Nahapana is not engraved in any one of them. yours sincerely, D. R. BHANDARKAR, ; 31 :

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. DI. Ara. bhAMDArakara. june lAlIgaMja reDa kalakattA, 21 mI julAI 1937. vahAlA sUrijI, " Apano tA. 15 mIne patra gaI kAle maLe, mathurAnA siMhastaMbhanA zilAlekho spaSTa rIte bauddhadharma saMbaMdhI che. teone kaIrIte jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdha nathI. temAMnA eka paNa lekhamAM nahapAnanAM nAma ulekha nathI. Apano paramamitra, DI. Ara. bhAMDArakara. DaoN. vimalacaraNa le. 43, Kailas Bose St., Calcutta, The 30th July, 1987. My dear Vijaya Indra Suriji, I have duly received your letter of the 15th instant. I quite agree with you that the name of Nahapana does not occur in the inscription of the Lion Capital of Mathura, and there is no reference to the Jainas in it. yours sinecrely, B. C. LAW. ( Dr. Bimalcharan Law, M. A. B. L. Ph. D.) DaoN. vimala caraNa le. 43, kelAsa bejha sTrITa; kalakattA, tA. 30 mI julAI, 1937 hArA vahAlA vijayendrasUrijI, Apana tA. 15 mIno patra mane pahoMce che. mathurAnA siMha dhvajanA zilAlekhamAM nahapAnanuM nAma nathI evA ApanA matane huM maLato AvuM chuM, ane te zilAlekhamAM jaina saMbaMdhI kAMI ullekha nathI. Apane paramamitra, vI. sI. laiM. : 32 :

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pro. rAmacaMdram. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 24th July, 1937. Dear Sir, With reference to your letter of the 15th instant inquiring if the Mathura Lion Capital inscription contains any reference to Jaina affairs or names of Nahapana, Bhumaka or Nanaka, i have to give you a reply in the negative. yours sincerely, RAMCHANDRAM. che. rAmacaMdra". InDIyana myujhIyama, kalakattA, 24 mI julAI, 1937. hAlA sAheba, Apano tA. 15 mIno patra jemAM Ape prazna karyo che ke mathurAnA siMhazilAlekhamAM jena bAbatane ke nahapAnanAM nAmano ullekha che? tenA javAbamAM huM jaNAvavAnI rajA lauM chuM ke te pramANe nathI. Apane paramamitra, rAmacaMdrama. ( 10 ) nalinIkAMta bhaTTazAlI. Dacca Muscum, Dacca, 26-7-1987. Reverend Sir, your letter of the 15th July '37..... It ( Lion Capital Inscription of Mathura) is a purely Buddhist inscription and there is no mention of Nahapana or Bhumaka in it. yours faithfully, N. K. BHATTASALI. (Nalini Kant Bhattasali M. A.; Ph. D.) curator Daccu Museum. : 33 :

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nalinIkAnta bhazALI, kAkA myujhIyama, 26-7-1937, pUjya zrI, Apano tA. 15 mI julAI 1937 no patra maLyo. te (mathurAno sidhdhajano zilAlekha) tadana bauddhika zilAlekha che ane temAM nahapAna athavA bhUmakano temAM kazo ullekha nathI. Apane vizvAsu, ena. ke. bhaTTazALI. kayureTara, DhAkAmyujhIyama, ( 11 ). jI, vI. AcArya. Prince of Wales Muscum. Bombay, Jbhaly 199). Dear Sir, Please refer to your letter dated 1.5th July 1937. Neither Nahapana nor Bhumaka are mentioned in the inscription on Mathura Lion Pillar Capital published in Epigraphia Indica Vol. JS, P. 185. It is positively Buddhistic as the proper names have Buddha prefixed to them and they are discribed as Sarvastivadin. Nahapan did succeed Bhumaka but their relationship is not yet found. They are not son and father. your's sincerely, G. V. ACHITRYA. (urator. : 34 :

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jI. vI. AcArya prInsa oNpha velsa mayujhIyama muMbAI, 23 mI julAI, 1937, maherabAna sAheba, ApanA tA. 15 mI julAI 1937 nA patranA anusaMdhAnamAM lakhavAnuM ke epIgrAphIA InDIkA vai. 9 mAM 135 meM pAne chApela mathurAnA siMhastaMbhanA mathALenA zilAlekhamAM nathI nadaviA nuM nAma yA to mUmavA nuM e zilAlekha to co-kho bauddha vyaktiono ullekha kare che; temAMnA nAmano yu vizeSaNa lagADayuM che ne te vyaktione "sarvAtivArina " tarIke varNavela che; bIju nadaurLa e mUma no anugAmI e vAta cakakasa; paraMtu te banne vacce zo saMbaMdha hato te haju jaNAyuM nathI, teo pitAputra nathI ja ema mAruM mAnavuM che. li. Apano zubhecchaka jI. vI. AcArya. ( 12 ) vI. esa. agravAla. Cusrzon Museum, Muttra. Dated July 21, 1937. Dear Sir, In reply to your letter, I have to say that the Kharoshthi Lion Capital Inscription has been thoroughly discussed and explained by Sten Konow in his Corpus Vol. , pp. 30-49. The text has been edited by several scholars viz. Bhagwanlal Indraji, Biihler, F. W. Thomas, and Sten Konow. None of these scholars has ever suspected the name of Nahapana or Bhumaka in the text. Unless the correspondent suggests the actual reading containing the word Nahapana in the inscription, the reading cannot be verified, since the available readings leave no room for doubt. : 3pa :

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Secondly the record has no connection with Jainism. It is the record of an endowment to the Sarvastiwadin order of Buddhist monks by the Chief Queen of Rajula, together with Maha Kshatrapa Sodasa and others. vI. esa. agravAla, yours sincerely, V. S. AGRAWALA, curator. karajhana myujhIyama mathurA, 24 mI julAI, 1937, maherabAna sAheba, ApanA patranA javAbamAM jaNAvavAnu ke sTIna kAnA e peAtAnA zilAlekha-saMgraha saMbaMdhI pustaka kesanA bIjA vAlyuma pAnAM 30-39 mAM khareSThI lipinA Ape jaNAvela siMhasta MbhanA mathALAnA zilAlekhanI sarvAMga saMpUrNa parIkSA karelI che. e lekhanuM mULa purAtattvavidomAMnA keTalAkoe saMpAdana karI, chapAvI paNu che; teonA nAma zrI bhagavAnalAla indrajI, DA. byUlara, DA. epha. Dabalyu. theAmasa, sTIna keAneA vi0 AmAMnA koi vidvAne e lekhamAM nahepALa athavA mUmanAM nAma heAvAnI zaMkA paNa darzAvI nathI; jo carcApatranA lekhaka 'nardepALa 'nAma jemAM Ave evu kAi pAThAntara A lekhamAM sUcavatA hAya te! judI vAta! bAkI evA keAi pAThAntarane ahiM avakAza iMja nahi; prApta saghaLAM pAThAntA parathI mULa lakhANu viSe sa Mdeha rahetA nathI. : 36 : vizeSamAM, A zilAlekhane jaina mata yA dharma sAthe kazA saMbaMdha nathI; emAM te rajulanI paTTarANI tathA mahAkSatrapa zeDasa ane khIjAoe sarvAstivAni 'matanA baddha sAdhuone Apela dAnanA ullekha che. eja. lI. Apane zubhecchaka vI. esa. agravAla kayUreTara,

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(13) DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarajI, Dear Mr. Suriji, The above is a reply to your query. It is given by a pupil of mine who is the best authority on the subject of your reference. yours sincerely, RADHA KUMUD MOOKERJI. Lucknow University, 7-7-37. De. rAdhAkumuda karacha. priya sUrijI, ApanA praznano uttara upara mUjaba che; Ape pUchAvela bAbatamAM, te zAstranA saiAthI vadhu niSNAta ne abhyAsI evA mArA eka ziSya A javAba Ape che. li. zubhecchaka, rAdhAkumuda mUkerajI. lakhano yunivarsiTI 27-7-37. (14) vI. Ara. Ara. dIkSitAra. Chepaul', Triplicane, Madras, 6th Aug., 1937. Dear Sir, Please accept my hearty thanks for your letter of the 15th July. In the light of your letter I have reexamined the Mathura Inscriptions. and I quite agree with you that there is nothing therein to read the name Nahapana. your's very sincerely, V. R. R. DIKSHITAR. : 37 :

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vI. Ara. dIkSitAra. TIlITena madrAsa. 6-8-937, maherabAna sAheba, ApanA tA. 15 mI jUlAInA patra mATe khUbaja AbhAra. ApanA lakhANanI daSTie, heM pharIthI mathurAnA sarva zilAlekha-saMgrahonuM parIkSaNa karyuM ane ApanI sAthe sahamata thAuM chuM ke te lekhomAM "nA" nAmanA astitvane kazI puSTi maLatI nathI. eja lI. zubhecchaka vI. Ara. Ara. dIkSitAra. ( 15 ) oN. bI. e. sAletura. Sir Parashuramblay College, Poona, 2 @1-7-87. Dear Jainacharya Suriji, Your kind letter of the 15th inst. redirected from Bombay reached me the day before yesterday. I am enclosing here with answers to the points raised by you in your letter. I trust these will be to your satisfaction. If there should be any detail that still requires elucidation, I should be glad to clarify it. With kind regards, and assuring you always of what little aid I can give you in Historical studies. I remain, Dear Jainacharya Suriji your's faithfully, B. A. SALETORE (1) (a) This famous inscription ............ was bequeathed,............ to the British Museum, London, where I have seen it in the Room of Buddhist Antiquities.

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(b) The scholar who is mentioned in your letter may have mistaken the Lion-Capital type of coins of Nahapana for the Lion Capital-Inscription of Mathura. (2) The name of Nahapana is definitely not inscribed on the Lion Capital Inscription of Mathura. (3) There is nothing whatsoever belonging to the Jains of that it is connected with Jains. This Inscription refers to the Holy Sakya Buddha, the stupas, the universal Sangha of the Sarvastivadins, and the Mahasanghikas, which names have nothing to do with Jainism. (4) Relationship between Bhumaka and Nahapana : We simply know from their coins that Bhumaka preceded Nahapana; but there is nothing to show that Bhumaka was the father of Nahapana. B. A. SALETORE. DaoN. bI. e. sAletura. sara parazurAma bhAu keleja. pUnA 2. 21-7-37. priya jainAcArya sUrijI, ApanuM kRpApatra tA. 1pamInuM muMbAI thaIne maLyuM. Ape ApanA patramAM dharela praznonA yathAzakti uttara huM A sAthe bIDuM chuM; AzA che ke e Apane saMtoSajanaka nivaDaze. AmAM je koI muddA para vadhu uhApoha vA AlocananI apekSA jaNAya to tema karatAM mane ghaNo AnaMda thaze. ApanA itihAsanA parizIlanamAM mArAthI yatkiMcit madada thaI zake te jarUra karIza. lI. ApanA AjJAMkita bI. e. sAletura nI zubhecchAo svIkAraze. (1) (4) Ape jaNAvela vikhyAta zilAlekha hAla laMDananA brITIza myujhIemanI mAlikImAM che, tyAMnA prAcIna bauddha avazenA vibhAgamAM huM e je che. : 39 :

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() Ape jaNAvela vidvAne mathurAnA siMhadhvajanA zilAlekhane badale "nagviT" nA siMhadhvaja-aMkita sikakAo joI kaMI bhUla khAdhI lAge che. (2) mathurAnA siMhastaMbhanA mathALAnA zilAlekhamAM pApa nuM nAma nathI e huM cekakasa kahI zakuM chuM. (3) emAM jene athavA jena-mata sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI kazI bAbatano ullekha nathI, A zikhAlekhamAM, dharmiSTa zAya, stUpa, sarvAstivAhina na saMgha, tathA mahAsAMghikanA ullekha che ne A nAmone jena-mata sAthe kazo saMbaMdha nathI. e to cokhuM che. (4) nApA tathA mUma no saMbaMdha -teonA sikkAo parathI ApaNe mAtra eTaluM ja jANIe chIe ke mUma, napALa no puragAmI hato, paNa te napALa no pitA thAya ema darzAvatI koI vigata haju hAtha lAgI nathI. lI. bI. e. sAletura 3. e. esa. alatekara. P. 0. Benures Hindu University, ( India ). 80--1987. Revered Swamiji, I am unable to agree with most of the theories of Dr. Shah mentioned in your letter. Yours sincerely, A. S. Altckar. rDo. e. esa. alatekara. banArasa yunIvarsITI banArasa 30-7-37. pUjya svAmIjI, ApanA patramAM Ape jaNAvelI DaoN. zAhanI ghaNIkharI kalpanAo sAthe huM maLato thaI zakatA nathI. lI. Apane vizvAsu e. esa. alatekara,

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( 909 ) pro. rAmezvara gaurIzaMkara ojhA Dhadha's Haveli, Ajmer, July 25, 1937. Respected Swamiji, Pranamas. I owe you an apology for not being able to acknowledge earlier your kind letter dated 15th July 1937. I have had an occasion to study carefully the inscriptions on the Mathura Lion capital. In the Indore Archaeological museum, where I worked as the curator for three years, an excellent plaster-of-paris cast of the original capital in the British museum is exhibited. Besides studying the inscriptions from the cast I have also consulted the excellent readings of the inscriptions edited by Dr. Sten konow......... I would like to assure your goodself that in the inscriptions engraved on the capital there is no mention whatever of Nahapana, and that the records have no connection with the Jains. So far as the relationship between Bhumaka and Nahapallil is concerned, I feel that nothing can be pointed out definitely at this stage............. I shall always feel it a pleasure if I am of any service to you. My father has desired me to convey his respects to your honour, With deep regards, Yours obediently, RAMESWAR G. OJHA. ul. 2 2 m. 113. ajamera. 25 mI julAI 1937. pUjya svAmIjI, praNAma svIkArazojI. ApanA tA. 15 mI julAInA kRpApatrane huM saveLA pratyuttara ApI na zako e mATe mAre ApanI mAphI mAgavI rahe che. : 87:

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IndoranA AkIolojIkala yUjhIamamAM jyAre huM traNa varSa sudhI kayUreTara tarIke kAma karato hato te samayamAM, mathurAnA siMhastaMbhanA mathALAnA zilAlekhanI lAsTara oNpha pArIsathI pADela AbehUba pratikRti meM saMbhALapUrvaka vAMcI hatI, te mULa zilAlekha to hAla brITIza nyUjhIemamAM che; A pratikRti-zilAlekha uparAMta Do. sTIna kenoe saMpAdana karela e zilAlekha tathA tenAM pAThAntarene paNa abhyAsa karelo. mane ApazrIne jaNAvatAM harSa thAya che ke A mathALAnA zilAlekhamAM naViA nuM nAma sarakhuMya nathI tathA A zilAlekhane jena-mata sAthe kazIya levAdevA che nahi. mUma tathA napAna nA saMbaMdha viSe hAlane tabakake eTaluM ja kahI zakAya ke e bene saMbaMdha nizcayapUrvaka kahI zakAya ema nathI. ApazrInI kAMI paNa sevA bajAvatAM mahane ghaNo AnaMda thaze; mArA pitAjI Apane zubhecchAo pAThave che. eja. lI. ApazrIne AjJAMkita rAmezvara jI. ojhA, ( 18 ) Kenilworth, Simla, 0th August, 1987. Dear Sir, ........As regards the Lion Capital at Muttra, which is now preserved in the British Museum the inscription is published in Sten Konow's Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. II ( Kharoshthi Inscriptions ). It has nothing to do with Bhumaka and Nahapana or the Jains. Yours sincerely, K. N. DIKSHIT, Director General of Archeology in Inulia. kenelavartha, sImalA, 20 oNgasTa, 1937. vahAlA sAheba, mathurAnA siMhadhvajanA viSayamAM, ke je hAlamAM laMDananA brITIza myujhIyamamAM rAkhavAmAM Avela che. ane te mATe . sTInakonee potAnA korpa IskrIzana InDIkerama vai. 2 pachI IskrIpzansamAM te zilAlekhane prakAzita karyo che. jenI sAthe bhUmaka, nahapAna tathA jeneno kaMIpaNa saMbaMdha nathI. Apane vizvAsa pAtra- ke, ena. dIkSita, DAyarekaTara janarala opha AccelAjI ina inDiA. : 42 :

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taiyAra che lekhakanA pustakA mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdradAmA. jemAM giranAranA prAcIna sudarzana taLAvanA uddhArakatA ane tenA zilAlekhane itihAsa. --jaine ane kSatrapa rAjAone sabadha. --zakAnA netA jainAcArya kALakasUrinuM ajab vyaktitva. --zaka jAtinA itihAsa, tenu bhAratamAM Agamana. ----suda na taLAvane mULa zilAlekha, tene gujarAtI, hindI, agrejI anuvAda --tenA itihAsa viSe asama tabyAnI samIkSA vigere vigere. prAcIna bhAratavarSa 'nu siMhAvalAkana. cakravartI mahArAjA khAravelanA dharma. --pANini, kAtyAyana, zAkaTAyananI hakIkatA. --caMpA jUnI ane navI, aMgadeza kayAM ? --bhagavAna mahAvIranA cAmAsA, --pAvApurI, sAcAra, sAMcI kayAM AvyAM ? --bha. mahAvIra ane yukranI lagnavaya. --cAravADa eja zauripura ke ? --ayodhyA ne caudheyane bheda. --mahAvIra bhagavAnanuM nirvANasthAna. --prasenajIta ne pradezI rAjA viSe maMtavya. --vabhUminuM sthAna. -vatsapati udayana, magadhapati udAyI rAjA. --dhisatva pA ane takSazilA. vigere aneka viSayo upara vidvattAbharyuM anveSaNa ane sacoTa hakIkatA raju karatu, lagabhaga pANAbhase pustakonAM te| jemAM avataraNeA pramANurUpe che. evuM itihAsanuM adbhuta pustaka Aja magAve. menejara yazovijaya jaina graMthamALA herisa roDa, bhAvanagara.

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Ajeja grAhaka thAo. jaina sAdhuone vyAkhyAnamAM ati upayogI kubera purANa-naLAyanam naLa caritra. mUlagraMtha saMskRta padyabaddha che. pAMcase varSa pahelAMnI hastalikhita pratio uparathI saMzodhana karI sArA uMcA kAgaLAmAM ane suMdara TAIpamAM mahodaya prInTIMga presamAM chapAI bahAra paDela che. kiM. rUpIA nava rUA. 9). pAsTa kharca alaga. lekhakanA prakAzita thayelAM pustako. 1 vIravihAramImAMsA. 2 arAkanA zilAlekha para daSTipAta. 3 jagatu ane jainadazana. prakAzita thanArA. 1 vIravihAramImAMsA (bIjI AvRtti.) 2 mahArAjA khAravela jaina cakravartI. 3 bha0 mahAvIrane kauTuMbika parivAra aitihAsika dRSTie. menejara yazavijaya jaina graMthamALA harisa roDa bhAvanagara(kAThIyAvADa).