Jain Sanskrit Mahakavyo me Rasa

Author(s): Pushpa Gupta
Publisher: Z_Deshbhushanji_Maharaj_Abhinandan_Granth_012045.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210888/1

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jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM rasa DaoN0 (zrImatI) puSpA guptA yadyapi kAvyazAstriyoM meM kAvya' kI paribhASA ke viSaya meM paryApta matabheda hai, phira bhI yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki kAvya meM 'rasa' kI pradhAnatA hai| prastuta lekha meM jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM 'rasa' kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| jaina kaviyoM dvArA saMskRta meM likhe gae mahAkAvyoM ko unakI bhASA-zailI ke AdhAra para nimnalikhita zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| (1) ve mahAkAvya jinheM purANa kahA gayA hai lekina cUMki unameM mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa dRSTigocara hote haiM, ata: mahAkAvya kI zRMkhalA meM sammilita kie gae haiM jaise raviSeNAcArya kA padmapurANa, jinasenAcArya kA harivaMzapurANa aura AdipurANa tathA guNabhadrAcArya kA uttarapurANa / inake lekhaka bhI apanI racanAoM ko 'mahAkAvya' hI saMjJA dete the,' paravartI vidvAnoM ne bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai|' (2) ve kAvya jinakI bhASA alaMkRta hai aura jinake zIrSaka meM bhI 'mahAkAvya' zabda jur3A huA hai jaise dhanaJjayakRta dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya, vIranandikRta candraprabhacaritam, mahAsenAcAryakRta pradyumnacaritam, harizcandrakRta dharmazarmAbhyudayamahAkAvyam, vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacaritam evaM yazodharacaritam, vAgbhaTTakRta neminirvANamahAkAvyam, abhayadevasUrikRta jayantavijayamahAkAvyam, bAlacandra sUrikRta vasantavilAsa mahAkAvyam, arhaddAsakRta munisuvratamahAkAvyam aura amaracandrasUrikRta padmAnandamahAkAvyam / (3) ve kAvya jo mahAkAvya kahalAte haiM parantu unakI bhASA-zailI paurANika hai jaise vinayacandrasUrikRta mallinAthacaritam, udayaprabhasUrikRta dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvyam, bhAvadevasUrikRta pArzvanAthacaritam aura munibhadra kRta zAntinAthacaritam / suvidhA ke lie prastuta lekha meM ina mahAkAvyoM kA inakI zreNI ke dvArA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM zAnta rasa kA prAdhAnya hai aura yaha asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai kyoMki ina kAvyoM ke lekhakoM kA mukhya uddezya jaina darzana ke tattvoM ko rocaka, sarala va sarasa zailI meM janasAdhAraNa ke lie pratipAdita karanA hI thA / lekina phira bhI yaha jaina kaviyoM kI kAvya-pratibhA ko hI iMgita karatA hai ki anya sabhI rasoM kA citraNa bhI unhoMne usI kuzalatA se kiyA hai / jaisA ki nimnalikhita vivecana se spaSTa ho jaaegaa| zRMgAra rasa jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM saMbhoga aura vipralambha donoM hI prakAra kA zRMgAra dRSTigocara hotA hai| saMbhoga zRMgAra saMbhoga zRMgAra kA varNana prAyaH tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvajanma ke prasaMgoM va rAjAoM ke varNanoM meM prApta hotA hai / nAyaka aura nAyikAoM ke viSaya meM yaha taba prApta hotA hai jaba ve hindU paurANika kathAoM se liye gae haiN| dUsarI zreNI ke mahAkAvyoM meM nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke prema kA 1. mahApurANasambandhi mahAnAyakagocaram / trivargaphalasandarbha mahAkAvyaM tadiSyate / AdipurANa, 1/EE 2. (ka) 'padmacarita' eka saMskRta padyabaddha carita-kAvya hai / isameM mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa haiM / paramAnanda zAstrI, jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 157 (kha) harivaMzapurANa na kevala kathAgrantha hai apitu mahAkAvya ke guNoM se yukta ucca koTi kA mahAkAvya bhI hai| harivaMzapurANa, prastAvanA, pR06, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1962 (ga) AdipurANa ucca darje kA saMskRta mahAkAvya hai / paramAnanda zAstrI, jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 180 3. 'caritam' zabda mahAkAvya kA hI dyotaka hai| 12 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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varNana vyaktigata rUpa se na karake sAmUhika rUpa se, unake nAmoM kA ullekha kie binA hI kiyA gayA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSa' kI zreNI meM Ane vAle mahApuruSoM ke bAre meM zrRMgAra rasa yatra-tatra hI milatA hai| isakA kAraNa saMmbhavataH jaina kaviyoM dvArA unako Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA jAnA thaa| ina kaviyoM dvArA tIrthaMkaroM ke prema kA bahuta sImita varNana vyaJjanA zakti dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai, abhidhA dvArA nhiiN| AcArya jinasena ne apane AdipurANa meM Adi tIrthaMkara vRSabhadhvaja kA apanI priyAoM, sunandA aura yazasvatI ke prati prema kA vyaMgyAtmaka citraNa bahuta hI sundara 'utprekSA' dvArA kiyA haiN| yahAM para kavi ne rAnI sunandA aura yazasvatI ke zarIra ke rUpa meM kAmadeva ke durga kI kalpanA karake apanI maulika pratibhA kA jvalanta udAharaNa diyA hai ! 'durgAzrita' pada meM zleSa dhvanita hai| pahale bhI kAmadeva ne 'ziva' para AkramaNa karane ke lie 'durgA' (pArvatI) kA Azraya liyA thA aura aba bhI vRSabhadhvaja ko apane puSpasAyakoM dvArA bIMdhane ke lie 'durga' (kile) kA Azraya liyA hai| isI prakAra bhAvadevasUri ne apane pArzvanAthacarita meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara kI apanI priyA prabhAvatI ke sAtha tulanA bAdala aura bijalI se kI hai, jo unake pArasparika cirasthAyI prema ko dhvanita karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, jisa prakAra bAdala svayaM hI sundara hotA hai aura yadi anAyAsa bijalI bhI usameM kauMdha jAe to usakI sundaratA meM cAra cA~da laga jAte haiM, usI prakAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha yadyapi svayaM lAvaNyayukta haiM parantu prabhAvatI ke sAtha to unakA saundarya avarNanIya hI ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta jisa prakAra vidyutayukta bAdala sabako prasannatA detA hai, usI prakAra una donoM kA vivAha sabako Ananda va sukha dene vAlA thaa| aura bhI bijalI aura bAdala kI upamA una donoM ke pavitra aura nirmala prema ko bhI iMgita karatI hai| eka choTe se 'anuSTup' dvArA itanI adhika bAtoM ko dhvanita kara kavi ne apanI kAvyapratibhA ko dyotita kiyA hai| anya triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM kA prema bhI isI prakAra bahuta surucipUrNa DhaMga se citrita kiyA gayA hai| padmapurANa meM raviSeNAcArya dvArA rAma aura sItA ke punarmilana kA nirUpaNa atyanta sarasa madhura lekina ojasvI padAvalI dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yahAM para rAma aura sItA kI tulanA zacI aura zakra, rati aura kAmadeva, ahiMsA aura dharma evaM subhadrA aura bharata se kI gaI hai jo kramazaH unakI sukha-sampatti, rUpa-lAvaNya, pavitratA aura paraspara niSThA kA nideza karatA hai / yahA~ para kavi ne bakhUbI eka Adarza vara aura vadhU ke guNoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki kanyA sundara, mAtA dhanI, pitA zikSita aura sage-sambandhI kulIna vara kI AkAMkSA karate haiM jabaki anya loga kevala miSTAnna Adi kI icchA karate haiN| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki padmapurANa ke prastuta udAharaNa meM aizvarya zacI aura indra ke dvArA tathA lAvaNya rati aura kAmadeva ke dvArA dhvanita kiyA gayA hai lekina yahAM zikSA ke badale dharma aura ahiMsA ke arthAt saccaritratA para adhika bala diyA gayA hai kyoMki saccaritratA ke binA aizvarya aura saundarya kA kyA lAbha ? isa prakAra raviSeNAcArya ne vara aura vadhu ke sabase mahattvapUrNa guNa kA samAveza bhI karake apanI vyAvahArikatA kA paricaya diyA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki dUsarI zreNI ke mahAkAvyoM ne jaina purANoM (prathama zreNI ke mahAkAvya) kI apekSA zRMgAra rasa ke varNana meM paramparA kA adhika nirvAha kiyA hai kyoMki inameM Rtu, puSpAvacaya, jalakrIr3A, dolAkrIr3A, candrodaya Adi kA paramparAgata rUpa meM vistRta varNana kiyA hai / sambhavataH inhoMne kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA dI gaI mahAkAvya kI paribhASA kI zartoM ko pUrA karane ke lie hI aisA kiyA hai| jabaki dUsarI ora purANoM ke lekhakoM ne nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke prema kA sAmUhika rUpa se Avazyaka varNana na karake paramparA kA andhAnukaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| inhoMne saMbhoga zRMgAra kA prasaMgAnukUla hI samAveza kiyA hai aura vaha bhI bahuta hI saMkSipta DhaMga se| dUsarI zreNI ke mahAkAvyoM meM saMbhoga zRMgAra kA bahuta hI anAvazyaka, avAJchita aura vistRta varNana tIna-cAra sargoM meM kiyA gayA hai| kabhI-kabhI to yaha varNana bahuta hI aziSTa, arucikara, azlIla aura maryAdArahita bhI ho gayA hai aura isase kathAnaka kA vikAsa bhI avaruddha ho gayA hai| isa viSaya meM purANoM ke lekhaka vAstava meM zreya aura prazaMsA ke pAtra haiN| inameM kevala triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM kA hI nahIM, 1. anaMgatvena tannUnamenayoH pravizana vapuH / / durgAzrita ivAnaMgo vivyAdhanaM svasAyakaiH / / AdipurANa, 15/68 2. jAtodvAha iti svAmI niilrtnnibhstyaa| gaurAMgyA zuzubhe'tyantaM vidya teva navAmbudaH / / bhAvadevasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 6/48 3. zacIva saMgatA zaka ratirvA kusamAyadham / nijadharmamahiMsA nu subhadrA bharatezvaram / / padmapurANa, 76/47 4. kanyA varayate rUpaM mAtA vittaM pitA zrutam / bAndhavAH kulamicchanti miSTAnnamitare janAH // kAlidAsakRta kumArasambhava, sagaM 5 ke zloka 713 para mallinAtha-bhASya / jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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anya pAtroM kA bhI prema-varNana bahuta maryAdita evaM surucipUrNa hai| dUsarI zreNI ke mahAkAvyoM meM sarvaprathama dhanaJjaya ne apane dvisandhAna mahAkAvya meM saMbhoga zRMgAra kA varNana karane ke lie puSpAvacaya, jalakrIr3A, candrodaya, cumbana, AliMgana, adharapAna aura anya prema-krIr3AoM kA tIna sargoM meM vistRta varNana kiyA hai| madyapAna jo jaina darzana meM vyasana mAnA gayA hai, usakA bhI saMketa yahAM prApta hotA hai| yadyapi candraprabhacarita ke racayitA vIranandi ne isa paramparAgata varNana ko prasaMgAnukala banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai lekina tatpazcAt yaha bhI paramparAgata hI ho gayA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke lekhaka harizcandra ne to 21 meM se 5 sargoM meM paramparAgata zRMgAra rasa kA anAvazyaka rUpa se vistRta varNana kiyA hai| yahAM taka ki Urdhva aura adhovastroM ke utArane kA varNana bhI binA kisI hicakicAhaTa ke, berokaToka kiyA gayA hai aura madyapAna kA varNana to bahutAyata se prApta hotA hai / sambhavataH isa viSaya meM jaina kavi ajaina kaviyoM dvArA prabhAvita hue hoN| aura yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isa prakAra kA amaryAdita, ucchRkhala va azlIla varNana lekhakoM ne zAyada janasAdhAraNa meM zRMgAra ke prati aruci utpanna karane ke lie kiyA ho, jo prAyaH jaina darzana meM icchita hai| isI prakAra ke varNana vAdi. rAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, vAgbhaTTa ke neminirvANa, bAlacandra sUri ke vasantavilAsa meM bhI prApta hote haiM / isI kAraNa ina kAvyoM kA kathAnaka bhI avaruddha ho gayA hai| yaha eka dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai ki ina kaviyoM ne bhI kisI vyakti vizeSa ke prema kA varNana sImAgata, AkarSaka, rocaka aura ziSTa bhASA meM hI kiyA hai| kevala arhaddAsa ne hI apane muni suvrata mahAkAvya meM prema-prasaMgoM meM gIta, nRtya aura vINAvAdana kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| tIsarI zreNI ke mahAkAvya ke racayitA bhI prema-prasaMgoM kA vistRta aura paramparAgata varNana karane ke pakSa meM nahIM the| inhoMne saMbhoga zRMgAra kA samudAya rUpa meM varNana nahIM kiyA hai| jahAM bhI isakA ullekha hai, vaha aucityapUrNa aura prasaMga ke anukUla hI hai, ataH kathAnaka binA kisI bAdhA ke nadI-pravAha rUpa meM pravAhita hotA hai| vinayacandra sUri ne apane mallinAthacarita meM padmalocanA kA apane premI ratnacandra ke prati prema kA AkarSaka DhaMga se vyaMgyAtmaka varNana eka sundara upamA dvArA kiyA hai| vipralambha zrRMgAra jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM kevala karuNAkhya vipralambha zRMgAra ko chor3akara pUrva rAgAkhya, mAnAkhya aura pravAsAkhya tInoM hI prakAra kA vipralambha zRMgAra prApta hotA hai| isake atirikta inameM vipralambha zRMgAra kA eka anya prakAra 'apaharaNa' ke kAraNa bhI paryApta rUpa meM milatA hai, lekina isa prakAra ke vipralambha kA nirdeza kisI bhI kAvyazAstrI dvArA nahIM kiyA gayA hai| __yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vipralambha zRMgAra mahAkAvyoM kI apekSA purANoM meM adhika prabhAvazAlI aura hRdayasparzI hai| padmapurANa ke lekhaka raviSeNAcArya to pUrvarAgAkhya vipralambha ke citraNa meM advitIya haiM / jaba harizcandra nAgavatI ko dekha lene para use prApta nahIM kara pAtA to use kahIM bhI zAnti nahIM miltii| raviSeNAcArya ne bar3I sundaratA se usakI virahI-avasthA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki kamala bhI use dAvAgni ke samAna aura candrakiraNa bhI use vajrasUcI ke samAna pratIta hote the| 1. padmapurANa 7/167-168; AdipurANa 7/246-250; uttarapurANa 58/64 2. dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya, 15 se 17 sarga 3. vahI, 17/58-56 4. candraprabhacarita, 8 se 10 sarga5. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 11 me 15 sarga 6. vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 6 se 8 sarga 7. neminirvANa, 6 se 10 sarga 8. vasantavilAsa, 6 se 8 sarga hai. agAyadeSA sa tatAna tAnamanatyadeSA sa tatADa tAlam / avAdayadallakikAmathaiSA sa vallakIvAnujagI dvitIyA / / munisuvrata, 2/27 10. candrAzmapratimevAsya sudhAMzorikha darzanAt / sisvide sarvataH padyA nizchadmapremamandiram / / AlasyacaJcalarlajjAnirjitarnayanotpalaiH / papau pacA mahaH premarasaM nAlairivoccakaiH / / mallinAthacarita, 1/150-151 11. dAvAgnisadRzAstena padmakhaNDA nirIkSitAH / vajasUcIsamAstasya babhUvuzcandrarazmayaH / / padmapurANa, 8/311 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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raviSeNAcArya hI eka aise kavi haiM jinhoMne vipralambha zRMgAra kI dasoM avasthAoM kA kAvyAtmaka varNana pavaMjaya kI virahI avasthA meM kiyA hai jabaki vaha apanI priyA aMjanA se nahIM mila paataa| AdipurANa meM jaba zrImatI ko apane pUrvabhava ke pati lalitAMga kA smaraNa hotA hai to usa samaya kA varNana kavi jinasena dvArA maulika tathA prasaMgAnukUla bahuta hI sundara utprekSA dvArA kiyA gayA hai| nemi nirvANa mahAkAvya ke racayitA vAgbhaTTa kA neminAtha ke alaga hone para rAjImatI kI virahAvasthA kA varNana bahuta hI hRdayasparzI, mArmika va yathArtha hai / 'mUrcchanA' zabda para zleSa kA prayoga varNana meM cAra cAMda lagA detA hai| apane dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM kavi udayaprabhasUri, dhanavatI ke apane priyatama 'dhana' se viyoga-varNana meM advaitavAda se prabhAvita haA parilakSita hotA hai| vastupAla maMtrI kI mRtyu kA pratIkAtmaka varNana vasantavilAsa mahAkAvya ke racayitA bAlacandra sUri dvArA anupama, maulika va kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| pratIkAtmaka varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki kisa prakAra dharma kI putrI sadgati vastupAla kI kIrti ko svarga meM gAye jAte hue dekhakara kAmadeva ke bANoM dvArA pIr3ita kI jAtI hai| yahAM para kavi vAstava meM zreya kA pAtra hai ki zArdUla-vikrIDita jaise lambe chanda kA prayoga karake bhI bhASA meM oja, mAdhurya va prasAda guNa hai| isa prakAra kA varNana itanI rocakatA se kevala isI kavi dvArA kiyA gayA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM kavi harizcandra ne mAnAkhya vipralambha eka dUtI ke kathana dvArA dhvanita kiyA hai / dUtI krodhita nAyaka ko zAnta karane ke lie nAyikA kI viraha-avasthA kA varNana karatI hai| ramate, smayate, bhASate, svapiti, atti, vetti aura smarati meM laT lakAra kA prayoga madhura va saMgItamaya hai| jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM 'apaharaNa' se utpanna vipralambha zrRMgAra ke anekoM kAvyAtmaka udAharaNa dRSTigocara hote haiN| jaba rAvaNa sItA kA apaharaNa kara letA hai to rAma kA vilApa, jahAM vaha latAoM, parvatoM, pazu-pakSiyoM, vAyu aura anya vastuoM se sItA ke bAre meM pUchate haiM, bahuta hI karuNa va hRdayasparzI hai| manuSya kA to kahanA hI kyA, patthara bhI usase dravita ho jaae| vibhinna prAkRtika vastueM nAyaka ko nAyikA ke viyoga meM usake aMga-pratyaMga ke AMzika saundarya kI yAda dilAkara virahAgni ko bar3hA to detI haiM, parantu koI bhI eka vastu athavA jIva use aisA nahIM milatA jo nAyikA ke sampUrNa saundarya kA pratIka banakara, nAyaka kI viyoga-pIr3A zAnta kara ske| jaina kaviyoM ne kabhI-kabhI nAyaka nAyikAoM ke aMgoM kA saundarya varNana karake bhI zRMgAra rasa ko dhvanita kiyA hai| kavi harizcandra ne apane dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM rAnI suvratA ke mukha kI sundaratA kA citraNa eka navIna aura kAvyamayI kalpanA kI sahAyatA se kiyA hai| isI prakAra rAnI prabhAvatI kI vANI, mukha, rUpa aura netroM kA AlaMkArika varNana bhAvadevasUri dvArA yathAsaMkhyAlaMkAra kA prayoga kara kiyA gayA hai|" AdipurANa meM rAnI sulocanA ke mukha-saundarya ko 'vyatirekAlaMkAra' dvArA kamala aura candramA se bhI kahIM bar3hakara batalAyA gayA hai|" 1. padmapurANa, 15/65-100 2. ime'tha bindavo'jasra niryAnti mama locanAt / maduHkhamakSamA draSTuM tamanveSTumivodyatAH / / AdipurANa, 6/165 3. smRtvA smRtvA ne mimudgAtukAmA kaamodrkaadvaadyvidyaaprglbhaa| sakUjantyAH kevala no vipaJcyAzcakre bAlA mUrcchanAmAtmano'pi / neminirvANa, 11/7 4. tva dekatAnacitteyamapi vyaapaaritendriyaa| tvayA vyApta jagad veti yoginIva parAtmanA / / dharmAbhyudaya, 10/36 5. vasanta vilAsa, 14/16/31 6. na ramate smayate na na bhASate svapiti nAtti na vetti na kiMcana / subhaga kevalamasmitalocanA smarati sA ratisAraguNasya te // dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 11/42 7. padmapurANa, 44116-138 8. padmapurANa, 48/14-18 . 6. kapolahetoH khalu lolacakSupo vidhivyaMdhAtpUrNa sudhAkara dvidhA / vilokyatAmasya tathAhi lAJchanacchalena pazcAtkRtsIvanavraNam // dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 2/50 10. tadvAkyamukharUpA'jitA iva yayudha vam / sudhA pAtAla induH khe divi rambhA jale'mbujam / / bhAvadevamUrikRta pArzvanAthacaritam, 5/157 11. rAtAvindurdivAmbhoja kSayInduglAnivArajam / pUrNameva vikAsyeva tadvaktra bhAtyahardivam / / AdipurANa, 43/164 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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vajrajaMgha kI nAbhi kA varNana karane meM to kavi jinasenAcArya ne kamAla hI kara diyA hai| prasaMgAnukUla 'utprekSA' kA prayoga varNana kI sundaratA meM cAra cAMda lagA detA hai| isI prakAra akSi, oSTha, bhujAoM Adi kA bhI alaMkRta varNana prApta hotA hai| zRMgAra rasa ke sandarbha meM jaina kaviyoM ne kAnta kamanIya padAvali kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / prasAda, mAdhurya va oja guNa kA samAveza hai| abhidhA kI apekSA vyaMjanA zakti kA hI adhika Azraya liyA gayA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa ina mahAkAvyoM meM zRMgAra rasa kA nirUpaNa lalita evaM madhura hai| hAsya rasa jainetara mahAkAvyoM kI bhAMti jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM bhI hAsya rasa yatra-tatra hI prApta hotA hai| asaMgati ke kAraNa utpanna hAsya rasa kA sundara udAharaNa jinasenAcArya ke AdipurANa meM prApta hotA hai| yahAM para kavi ne eka ora to vRddha logoM kI kAmabhAvanA kA upahAsa kiyA hai to dUsarI ora yuvA bhI dhairyahIna aura jaldabAja hote haiN| ataH kavi dvArA 'jarahasa' aura 'haMsayUnA' zabda kA sAbhiprAya prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hAsya kA eka bahuta hI rocaka udAharaNa mahAsenAcArya ke pradyumnacarita meM hai jahAM eka patnI (satyabhAmA) apanI hI sapatnI (rukmiNI) ko devI samajhakara usase varadAna mAMgatI hai ki usakA pati usakI sauta se vimukha ho jaae| svAmI neminAtha ke rUpAvalokana se bhAvavihvala yuvatiyoM kI pratikriyAoM kA hAsyapUrNa varNana kavi vAgbhaTTa dvArA neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM sundara DhaMga se diyA gayA hai| yahAM 'asaMgati' alaMkAra kA prayoga prazaMsanIya hai| dusare kI mUrkhatApUrNa bAteM bhI pAThakoM meM hAsya rasa kA saJcAra karatI haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM rudradatta dvArA apane mitra cArudatta ko gambhIratApUrvaka svarNadvIpa pahu~cane kA sujhAva atyanta hAsyaprada hai| jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM hAsya rasa-varNana meM bhrAnti se utpanna atizayokti alaMkAra adhikatayA prApta hotA hai| bhrAntiyukta atizayokti kA eka navIna prayoga dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM prApta hotA hai, jahAM airAvata hAthI sUraja ko lAla kamala kI bhrAnti se pakar3anA cAhatA hai lekina uSNa pAkara use turanta chor3a detA hai| pradyamnacarita meM mahAsenAcArya ne zrIkRSNa dvArA apanI patnI satyabhAmA se kie gae parihAsa kA atizayoktipUrNa vivaraNa diyA hai| kRSNa kA isa prakAra tAlI bajA-bajA kara ha~sanA 'atihasita' hAsya kI zreNI meM AtA hai aura prAyaH nimna koTi ke hI pAtroM meM diyA jAtA hai / kavi ne zrIkRSNa ke harSAtireka ko pradarzita karane ke lie hI isa prakAra kA varNana diyA hai| 1. saridAvartagambhIrA nAbhimadhye'sya nirbbhii| nArIdakkariNIrodhe vArikhAteva hRdbhuvA / / AdipurANa, 6/38 2. mayanAjakijalkaraja. piJjaritAM nijAm / vadhUM vidhUtAM so'pazyaccakravAkI vishNkyaa| taragairdhavalIbhUtavigrahAM kokakAminIm / vyAmohAdanudhAvantaM sa jaradhasamaikSata / prAdipurANa, 26/68-66 3. devatAstutividhAyaka vacaH saMnizamya vipulo rasonnataH / gulmamadhyagahanAdasI hasan niryayo khacararAjakanyakAm / / pradya mnacarita, 3/67 4. aJjanIkRtya kastUrI kuMkumIkRtya yAvakam / kAcilimitanepathyA sakhInA hAsyatAmagAt / / neminirvANa, 12/51 5. atilaghaya samA prAha rudradatto'nvitAdaraH / cArudatta ! pazUna hatvA kRtvA bhrasrApravezanam // Asvahe tana nau dvope bha.ruDAzcaNDatuNDakAH / gahItvA''miSalobhena pakSiNaH prakSipanti hi // harivaMzapurANa, 21/104-105 6. raktotpala haritapatravilambi tIre trisrotasaH sphuTamiti vidazadvipendraH / bimba vikRSya sahasA tapanasya muJcandhunvankara divi cakAra na kasya hAsyam / / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 6/44 7. sA prapISya tadalaM mRgekSaNA mAdhavaM prati lilepa sundrm| sva vapustadavalokya kezavastAM jahAsa karatAlamuccakaiH / / pradyumnacarita, 3/47 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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jaina mahAkAvyoM meM kaI vistRta varNana kavi dvArA parihAsa ke lie na dekara pUrNa gAmbhIrya se die gae haiM parantu Adhunika pAThaka ina vivaraNoM ko kevala kavi kI kalpanAmAtra mAnakara hAsyapUrNa samajha sakatA hai| kyoMki vartamAna paristhitiyAM aura samaya sarvathA bhinna hai| udAharaNArtha, padmapurANa meM kumbhakarNa kI nidrA kA varNana' aura harivaMzapurANa meM gautama aura kAlodadhi dvIpa ke nivAsiyoM kA varNana / ' vAstava meM ye kAvya jaina kaviyoM ne jaina darzana ke gUr3ha tattvoM ko, sarala aura subodha bhASA meM, janasAdhAraNa taka pahuMcAne ke lie hI likhe the| pariNAmasvarUpa hAsa-parihAsa kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA thaa| phira bhI kaviyoM ne yatra-tatra hAsya rasa kA samAveza karake apane maulika jJAna aura kAvya-pratibhA kA pramANa diyA hai| karuNa rasa __ jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM karuNa rasa anya rasoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika svAbhAvika va yathArtha hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina kaviyoM ke kaNTha se yaha karuNa vANI svayaM anAyAsa hI phUTa pdd'ii| isakA kAraNa sambhavata: yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jaina dharma bhI, brAhmaNa aura bauddha dharma ke samAna isa saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM ko duHkhamaya hI mAnatA hai| ina kAvyoM meM putrAbhAva se utpanna analpa duHkhoM kA varNana kaviyoM dvArA atyanta vistRta, prabhAvazAlI aura kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai / yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jaina darzana meM saMtAnAbhAva kabhI bhI kaSTadAyaka nahIM samajhA gayA hai| lekina jaina kaviyoM ne darzana kI isa bhAvanA kI upekSA kI hai| parantu purANoM ke lekhaka isake apavAda haiN| isakA kAraNa purANoM kI rUr3hivAditA hI hai jo jaina darzana se adhika sAmIpya rakhatI hai| candraprabhacarita meM rAnI zrIkAntA putra na hone ke kAraNa svayaM ko hI doSI mAnatI hai| usakI mAnasika vyathA kI pratIti kavi bIranandi ne phalarahita latA-varNana ke dvArA karAI hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM kavi harizcandra ne eka putra kA mahattva sundara, yathArtha, prabhAvotpAdaka aura sajIva upamAoM dvArA nirUpita kiyA hai| yahAM cAra alaga-alaga upamAna, jo cAra alaga-alaga upameya meM prApta hote haiM, una sabako eka putra ke anivArya guNa (pratApa, lakSmI, bala, kAnti) batalAkara yaha 'mAlopamA' aura bhI prabhAvazAlI va hRdayasparzI kara dI gaI hai| isakA vyaMgyArtha yaha hai ki uparilikhita cAra guNoM se yukta putrarahita kula utanA hI durbhAgyazAlI hai jitanA ki Upara dI gaI cAroM ghaTanAoM kA eka sAtha hI ghaTita ho jaanaa| jayantavijaya mahAkAvya meM rAjA vikrama kI dRSTi meM putra hI sabase bar3I sampatti hai| kavi ne bahuta hI AkarSaka DhaMga se putrarahita kula kI tulanA agniyukta vRkSa se karake yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra agniyukta vRkSa dUra se va bAhya rUpa se cAhe kitanA bhI phala, phUla, pattoM Adi se yukta kyoM na ho, usakA vinAza nizcita hI hai, isI prakAra putrarahita kula kI-sukha-sampatti evaM dhana-dhAnya-aizvaryAdi se yukta hone para bhI samApti nizcita hI hai| isI prakAra munisuvratamahAkAvya meM putrAbhAva meM rAnI padmAvatI kI pIr3A kaI upamAoM dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai| sabhI upamAeM rAnI kI vyathA kA manovaijJAnika, svAbhAvika va yathArthavAdI citraNa karatI haiN| zAntinAthacarita meM kavi vinayacandra sUri ne bhI putrAbhAva meM dhanadatta kI manovyathA kA bahuta hI cittAkarSaka varNana kiyA hai| 1. padmapurANa, 2/232-236 2. harivaMzapurANa, 5/471-476 3. duHkhameva sarva vivekinaH / yogasUtra, 2/15 4. yA madvidhAH punarasaMcitapUrvapuNyAH puSpaM sadA phalavivajitamahanti / tAH sarvalokaparininditajanmalAbhA vandhyA latA iva bhRzaM na vibhAnti loke / / candraprabhacarita, 3/31 5. nabho dinezena nayena vikramo vanaM mRgendreNa nizIthamindunA / pratApalakSmIbalakAnti zAlinA vinA na putreNa ca bhAti naH kulam / / dharma zarmAbhyudaya, 2/73 6. ananyasAdhAraNavaibhavodbhavaiH sukhaiH sadA durlalito'pi mAnavaH / aputrajanmaprabhavAbhibAdhito na koTarAgniviTapIva nandati / / jayanta vijaya, 2/22 7. ApuSpitApi viphaleva rasAlayaSTiH seneva nAyakagatApi jayena zUnyA / kAle sthitApi dhanarAjiravarSaNeva mithyA dadhAmi hatakukSimadRSTatokA / / munisuvrata, 3/2 8. nepathyajAtamakhilaM tilaka vineva zIlaM vineva vinayaM subhagaM kalatram / prAsAdasarjanamidaM kalazaM vineva kAvya subaddhamapi cArurasaM vineva / / putra vinA na bhavanaM suSamAM dadhAti candraM vineva gaganaM samudagratAram / siMha vineva vipina vilasatpratApaM kSetra svarUpa kalitaM puruSaM vinaiva // zAntinAthacarita, 470-71 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 17

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yadyapi sabhI upamAeM dainika jIvana se hI lI gaI haiM, lekina sabakA apanA-apanA mahattva hai| sabameM kucha na kucha navInatA hai aura sabhI dhanadatta ke hAdika duHkha ko prakaTa karatI haiN| ye upamAeM sAhityika aura dArzanika bhI nahIM haiM ataH eka sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI inheM samajhakara Ananda prApta kara sakatA hai| kabhI-kabhI jaina kaviyoM para brAhmaNa dharma kA prabhAva bhI spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai jaisA ki abhayadeva sUrikRta 'jayantavijaya' se pramANita hotA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne karuNa rasa kA bahuta hI sundara, mArmika va hRdayasparzI varNana kisI priya vyakti se viyoga ho jAne para bhI diyA hai| jaba rukmiNI ke navajAta putra pradyumna kA apaharaNa ho jAtA hai, to usake vilApa kA varNana guNabhadrAcArya ne apane uttarapurANa meM bahuta hI marmasparzI va hRdayAvarjaka DhaMga se kiyA hai| pradyumnacarita meM kevala rukmiNI hI nahIM, balki zrIkRSNa bhI, jo brAhmaNa-sAhitya meM 'bhagavAn' aura jaina sAhitya meM 'nArAyaNa' mAne gae haiM, apane putra ke apaharaNa para phUTa-phUTakara rote haiN|' uttarapurANa meM apanI putravadhU sutArA ke apaharaNa para svayamprabhA kA karuNa krandana navIna aura marmasparzI upamAoM kA prayoga kara guNabhadrAcArya ne kiyA hai| cAra upamAeM svayamprabhA ke duHkha kI cAra avasthAoM kI pratIti karavAtI haiN| prathama upamA svayamprabhA ke duHkha aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa usakI kriyAvihInatA, dUsarI usake hRdaya kI avarNanIya pIr3A aura kAntivihInatA, tIsarI usakI becainIyukta bhAvavihvalatA aura antima usakI pUrNa vivazatA kI tarapha saMketa karatI hai| 16 varSa vyatIta ho jAne para bhI pradyumna ke na Ane para kavi udayaprabha sUri ne dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM rukmiNI ke vilApa kA sandara varNana kiyA hai| yathAsthAna anuprAsa kA prayoga varNana ke saundarya meM aura bhI vRddhi kara detA hai| 'veSa' aura 'viSa' meM 'e' kA abhAva hai| 'AbharaNa' aura 'raNa' meM 'A' kI anupasthiti hai tathA 'bhavana' aura 'bana' meM 'bha' nahIM hai| ata: yaha anuprAsa svayaM hI kisI abhAva (putraviyoga) kA saMve ta karatA hai / zabdoM dvArA hI artha ko prakaTa karane ke kAraNa kavi nissaMdeha prazaMsA kA pAtra hai| jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM kisI priya vyakti kI mRtyu para bahuta hI sajIva va svAbhAvika karuNa varNana prApta hote haiN| padmapurANa meM apane bhAI lakSmaNa kI mUrchA para rAma kA vilApa bahuta hI hRdayasparzI va karuNAspada hai| vaha apanA sArA viveka kho dete haiM aura unmatta logoM kI taraha vilApa karate haiN| isI prakAra harivaMzapurANa meM apane anuja zrIkRSNa kI mRtyu ke bAre meM sunakara baladeva apane kAnoM para bhI vizvAsa nahIM kara paate| jinasenAcArya kA yaha varNana bahuta hI kAruNika, yathArtha, sajIva, svAbhAvika va marmasparzI hai| vaha bhI pAgaloM kI taraha isa prakAra kI kriyAeM karate haiM jo pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko bhI bIMdha detI haiN| 1. jane'pyaputrasya gatirna vidyate kSayaM prayAti kramazazca kIrtanam / iti pravAH khalu du:sahaH satAmaputriNAM bhUpa vilopya sampadAm / / jayantavijaya,2/24 2. sampattirvA caritrasya dayAbhAvavivajitA / kAryAkAryavicAreSu mandamandeva zemaSI / meghamAleva kAlena nirgalajjalasaMcayA / nAvabhAse gate prANe kya bhavetsuprabhA tanoH / / uttarapurANa, 72/63-64 3. pradyumnacarita, 5/11-12 4. tdvaatkirnnnaaddaavprimlaanltopmaa| nirvANAbhyarNadIpasya zikheva vigtprbhaa| zrutaprAvRdhanadhvAna kalahaMsIva shokinii| syAdvAdvAdividhvasta-duHzrutirvAkulAkalA / / uttarapurANa, 62/258-256 5. azAnaM vyasanaM veSo viSamAbharaNam raNam / bhavanaM ca vanaM jAtaM vinA vatsena me'dhunA / / dharmAbhyudaya, 13/144 6. padmapurANa, 116-118 sarga 7. mASTi mArdavaguNena pANinA sanmukhaM mukhamudIkSate mudA / leDhi jighrati vimUDhadhIrvacaH zrotumicchati dhigAramamUDhatAm // harivaMzapurANa, 63/22 8. harivaMpuzarANa, 63 sarga AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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rAvaNa kI mRtyu para laMkAvAsiyoM ke zoka kA varNana AcArya raviSeNa ne bahuta hI sundara utprekSA dvArA diyA hai|' isI prakAra ke anekoM varNana AdipurANa', uttarapurANa, dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya, padmAnanda mahAkAvya, zAntinAthacarita tathA mallinAthacarita meM bhI prApta hote haiM / ina kAvyoM meM kaI aise karuNAspada varNana bhI prApta hote haiM jo pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko bhI dravita kara dete haiN| padmapurANa meM garbhavatI aJjanA, kisI galataphahamI ke kAraNa na kevala apane pati dvArA hI; balki saba sambandhiyoM dvArA bhI tyAga dI jAtI hai, to raviSeNAcArya dvArA kiyA gayA yaha varNana ki kisa prakAra asahAya aura kAntihIna hokara vaha vanoM meM naMge paira ghUmatI hai, sabhI pAThakoM ko adhupUrita kara detA hai / " eka sthala para kavi ne vAstava meM eka hI vyakti ( aJjanA ) meM eka sAtha agni, jala, AkAza tathA pRthvI ke guNoM kA varNana kara apanI maulika kAvyAtmaka pratibhA ko pradarzita kiyA hai| isa prakAra eka bahuta hI sundara va nUtana utprekSA dvArA usake asIma duHkha kA varNana mArmika DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| kavi dhanaMjaya ne apane dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya meM rAma aura yudhiSThira kI, vana meM rahate hue, dina vyatIta karane kI avasthA ke varNana ko, bhUtakAlika avasthA se tulanA karake aura bhI adhika kAruNika banA diyA hai|" kevala jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM hI nahIM, apitu anya saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI vinayacandra sUrikRta mallinAthacarita meM rAjA harizcandra kA apanI pratijJA ko pUrNa karane varNana bahuta hI hRdayAvarjaka hai / eka rAjA kI bebasI, jo atyadhika bhUkha se pIr3ita apane choTe putra rAjakumAra rohitAzva ko laDDU bhI na de sakA, pAThakoM ke hRdaya meM bhI hAhAkAra utpanna kara detI hai / " isI prakAra mahArAnI sutArA bhI apane mAlika se apane putra ko bhI sAtha le calane kI prArthanA aura yAcanA kA, aura usake mAlika kA usake beTe ko paira mAra kara pRthvI para girAe jAne kA varNana kaThora se kaThora hRdaya ko bhI dravita kara detA hai|" isI ghaTanA kA bhAvadeva sUri ne apane pArzvanAthacarita meM aura bhI adhika mArmika aura hRdayavidAraka rUpa se varNana kiyA hai|" eka choTe aura bhole-bhAle bacce kA bhUkhe hone para bhI modaka kI apekSA apanI mAM ke sAtha rahanA adhika pasanda karanA sAre varNana ko aura bhI adhika karuNa banA detA hai|" kavi ne yahAM bakhUbI bahuta svAbhAvika va sajIva DhaMga se eka bacce kI manaHsthiti kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa kiyA hai| 1. laMkAyAM sarvalokasya vASpadurdinakAriNaH / zokenaiva vyalIyanta mahatA kuTTimAnyapi / padmapurANa, 78/45 ] 2. AdipurANa, 44 / 263-266 3. uttarapurANa, 48 / 62 4. dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya, 6/48-46 aura 1 / 68-66 5. padmAnanda mahAkAvya, 4/76 100 6. zAntinAthacarita, 5/101-103 7. mallinAthacarita, 1/166-172 8. padmapurANa, 16-17 sarga 6. tejomayIva saMtApAjjalAtmevAzru santateH / zUnyatvAd gaganArameva pArthivIvA kriyAtmataH / padmapurANa, 16 / 16 10. api cIrikayA dviSo'bhavannanu cAmIkaradAzcyutaujasaH / kusumairapi yasya pIDanA zayane zArkaramadhyazeta saH / / ghanasArasugandhyayAcitaM hRdaya zaizcapake'mbu pAyitaH / sa vimRgya vaneSvanApivAnaTanIkhAta samutthitaM papau / / dvisaMdhAna, 4/36-40 11. rohitAzvastataH prAha tAta ! tAta ! kSudhAditaH / ayoce pUrvavat rAjA dehi putrAya modakam / / devI sutArA zrutvedamantardAhakaraM vacaH / kimidaM bhASase svAmin svapnadRSTasamaM hhA / / mallinAthacarita, 1/360-61 12. mallinAthacarita, 1/262 / 64 12. savASpa paTTadevyUce tAta ! putra vinA mama / bhavitA hRdayaM dvedhA pakvervAruphalaM yathA // mama prasAdamAdhAya gRhANanaM mahAgrahAt / athinAM prArthanA santo nAnyathA kurvate yataH // bhAvadevasUrikRta pArzvanAtha carita, 1/401-2 14. bhAvadevasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita 3 771-73 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 16

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sparzI hai / ' karuNa rasa ke prasaMga meM jaina kaviyoM ne bahuta hI sarala, sarasa subodha aura prasAdayukta zailI kA prayoga kiyA hai / kAnta kamanIya padAvalI kA prayoga varNanoM meM cAra cAMda lagA detA hai| pahalI bAra par3hane se hI sArA artha spaSTa ho jAtA hai / anta meM yaha kahanA Avazyaka hai ki tIrthaMkara ke viSaya meM karuNa rasa kahIM bhI prApya nahIM hai kyoMki ve duHkha aura sukha kI anubhUti se Upara haiM / raudra rasa isI prakAra rohitAzva kI mRtyu ho jAne para sutArA dvArA zmazAna kA 'kara' die jAne kI asamarthatA kA citraNa bhI bahuta hRdaya jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM raudra rasa prAyaH rAjAoM ke varNana meM hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / jaba eka rAjA dUsare rAjA ke Upara kisI bhI prakAra apanA prabhutva jamAnA cAhatA hai aura dUsarA rAjA isakA virodha karatA hai to isa prakAra ke varNanoM meM isa rasa kI niSpatti hotI hai| eka rAjA kA dUsare rAjA se 'kara' mAMganA yA usakI bhUmi ko har3apanA yA usakI patnI yA putrI kA apaharaNa kara lenA yA usakA nirAdara karanA raudra rasa ke mukhya preraka haiM / padma purANa meM kumbhakarNaM dvArA vaizravaNa kI nagarI ko lUTane para aura vaizravaNa dvArA rAvaNa se usakI zikAyata karane para rAvaNa ke kopayukta uttara kA varNana raviSeNAcArya dvArA 'yenAyate', 'zarabhAyate', 'indrAyate' jaisI nAmadhAtu kriyAoM ke prayoga se aura bhI prabhAvazAlI ho gayA hai|' AdipurANa meM kavi ne bahuta hI AkarSaka DhaMga se bharata cakravartI ke andhe krodha kA prabhAvazAlI varNana kiyA hai jaba usake apane bhAI hI usake svAmitva ko apane Upara svIkAra nahIM krte| isI prakAra jaba rAjA madhusUdana, suprabha balabhadra va nArAyaNa ke Upara apanA adhikAra jamAnA cAhatA hai to unakI krodhAgni kA varNana uttarapurANa meM sarala bhASA meM hone para bhI bahuta ojasvI va prabhAvazAlI bana par3A hai|* rAvaNa dvArA sItA kA apaharaNa kara liye jAne para rAvaNa ke prati rAma kA pradIpta krodha guNabhadra dvArA bahuta hI prabhAvotpAdaka va ojasvI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / kaThora va saMyukta zabdoM kA tathA lambe samAsoM kA prayoga raudra rasa ke anurUpa hai / dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM 'kavi udayaprabhasUri' ne bharata cakravartI kI digvijaya ke prasaMga meM usake dvArA sva-nAmAMkita bAga ko magadha nareza ke rAjya meM girAye jAne para, magadha nareza kI manaHsthiti kI prakriyA ko bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai / kavi ne do saMkSipta zlokoM meM hI kaI upamAoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / antima upamA bahuta hI maulika va prabhAvazAlI hai| isI prasaMga kA varNana kavi amaracandra sUri dvArA apane padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM bhI bakhUbI kiyA gayA hai| zabdoM dvArA hI magadha 1. bhAvadevasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 3/160-68 2. ko'sau vaizravaNo nAma ko vendraH paribhASate / asmad govakramAyAtA nagarI yena gRhyate // so'yaM zyenAyate kAkaH zRgAlaH zarabhAyate / indrAyate svabhRtyAnAM nistrapaH puruSAdhamaH / padmapurANa, 8 / 181 182 3. AdipurANa, 34 / 58- 60j 4. suprabho'pi prabhAjAlaM vikiran dikSu cakSuSoH / jvAlAvalimiva krodhapAvakAcistatAzayaH // na jJAtaH kaH karo nAma ki karo yena bhujyate / taM dAsyAmaH sphuratkhaDgaM zirasA'sau pratIcchatu / / uttarapurANa 60 / 74-75 5. pitRlekhArthamAdhyAya ruddhazokaH krudhoddhataH / antakasyAMkamAroDhuM sa laMkezaH kimacchati // zazasya siMhapotena kiM virodhe'sti jIvikA / satyamAsannamRtyUnAM sadyo vidhvaMsanaM mateH // uttarapurANa, 68 / 262-63 6. jighRkSuH ko haredaMSTrA ? kaH kSeptA jvalane padam ? bhrAntAraghaTTa cakAramadhye kaH kurute karam ? ena akSipanmArgaNa mRtyumArgamArgaNadUtavat // dharmAbhyudaya 4 / 22-23 20 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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nareza ke krodha ko dhvanita kiyA gayA hai bhASA meM mahAprANa, saMyukta aura kaThora zabdoM kA tathA lambe samAsoM kA prayoga varNana kI zobhA ko dviguNita kara detA hai|' bAdirAja sUrikRta pArzvanAca carita meM kevala magadha nareza hI nahIM, balki unake sipAhI bhI koSAgni meM jalane lagate haiN|' jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM ajJAnavaza upekSita kie jAne para nArada muni ke krodha kA varNana aneka sthaloM para prApta hotA haipadmapurANa meM sItA ke prasaMga meM, harivaMzapurANa meM satyabhAmA ke prasaMga meM, tathA uttarapurANa meM aparAjita aura anantavIrya ke prasaMga meM nArada muni kA krodha rUpaka, utprekSA tathA upamAoM dvArA citrita kiyA gayA hai| uttarapurANa meM kavi ne tIna upamAoM dvArA nArada ke krodha kI tIna avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa bahuta kuzalatA se kiyA hai| pahalI upamA meM kruddha nArada muni kI bAhya AkRti kA, dUsarI meM unakI mAnasika avasthA kA tathA tIsarI upamA meM unake cehare kI bhAva-bhaMgimAoM va pratikriyAoM kA varNana kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA kA paricaya detA hai| kevala padmapurANa meM hI hanumAna dvArA apane pitA vajrAyudha kA nAza kie jAne para laMkeza sundarI ke krodha kA svAbhAvika evaM vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| kevala isI udAharaNa meM kisI strI kA yuddha meM raudra rUpa dikhalAyA gayA hai / kramazaH apane zatru rAma aura kRSNa ke samIpa Ane para kramazaH rAvaNa aura jarAsandha ke krodha kA eka sAtha varNana kavi dhanaJjaya ne apane dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya meM kiyA hai|" rAvaNa aura jarAsandha kI mukhAkRti meM turanta hI ghaTita hone vAle zArIrika parivartanoM kA varNana kavi kI manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa karane kI pratibhA ko sUcita karatA hai / punaH isI kAvya meM kavi ne yarthaka zabdoM dvArA rAma / kRSNa ke dUta hanumAna / zrIzaila ke dvArA rAma / kRSNa ke sAtha yuddha na karane kA saMdeza die jAne para rAvaNa aura jarAsandha kI kopavahni kA varNana atyanta kAvyAtmaka va sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai / samAsa-bahulA va mahAprANa saMyukta akSara yukta bhASA varNana ke sauMdarya ko bar3hA detI hai| 5 AdipurANa meM jaba rAjA akampana kI putrI sulocanA svayaMvara meM jayakumAra kA varaNa kara letI hai to eka anya cakravartI ke arkakIrti kA krodha bhar3aka uThatA hai| kavi ke dvArA prayukta sabhI zabda va upamAe~ usake mithyA ghamaNDa va andhakrodha ko dhvanita karatI haiN| putra ina kAvyoM meM raudra rasa asahAya va kamajora vyaktiyoM kI sahAyatA karane ke prasaMga meM bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya meM sAhasagati ke atyAcAroM tathA krUratAoM ko sunakara rAma kA krodha pradIpta ho jAtA hai / kavi dhanaJjaya ne bahuta hI saMkSipta lekina prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se rAma ko yama, gISmartu, agni tathA sUrya se bhI adhika parAkramI batalAyA hai / " sArA varNana ojaguNa se yukta hai / 1. dhUmorNAparivRDhadaNDavat pracaNDApAtaM taM vizikhamavekSya mAgadhendraH / sATopa bhRkuTikarAlabhAlapaTTaH prAkupyat kalitavapU raso nR raudraH / / kuJjAntaH zayanajuSaH sukhaM mukhe kaH siMhasya praNihitavAn haThena yaSTim / jvAlAbhijvalati bane bhRzaM kRzAnau kazcakre caraNa nivezanaM visaJjJaH // tasyAhaM haririvahastinaH prabhUtaM prodbhUtaM madamapahataM mudyato'smi / ityeSaH sphuradadharaH krudhA prajalpannuttasthau purata iva sthite viruddhe / padmAnanda, 15 / 71-73 2. vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 7 / 55-60 3. padmapurANa, 28 / 17-18 4. harivaMzapurANa, 42 / 27-32 5. sUryAcandramasau saMhikeyo vA janitAzubha: / nRttAsaMgAtkumArAbhyAM krUraH so'vihitAdaraH / / jAjvalyamAnakopAgnizikhA saMtaptamAnasaH / caNDAMzuriva madhyAhna jajvAla zucisaMgamAt / / uttarapurANa, 62 / 432-32 6. padmapurANa, 52 / 31-34 7. tataH samIpe navamasya viSNoH zrutvA balaM saMbhramadaSTamasya / RdhA dazannoSThamari manaHsthaM gADhaM jighatsanniva saMnigRhya || mAragAdivANAstadupAzrayeNa / pivyovodgatadhUmarAjitaM dhAvendrAyudhamadhya vidhAnamahAkAvya 19/1-2 8. dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya, 13 / 21-22 6. AdipurANa, 44 / 14-16 10. pazyanniva puraH zatrumutpatanniva khaM muhuH / nigalanniva dizAcakramudgilanniva pAvakam / / saMharanniva bhUtAni kRtAnto viharanniva / grISmAgnyarkapadArtheSu caturtha iva kazcana / / dvisaMdhAna, 6 / 31-32 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 21

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kabhI-kabhI dveSa IrSyAbhAva bhI raudra rasa ko prerita karate haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM jarAsandha kI kodhAnni apane zatru yAdavoM kI samRddhi ko sunakara bhar3aka jAtI hai / ' jayantavijaya meM sihalanareza apane hI vrata ke mukha se rAjA vikramasiMha ke parAkrama ko sunakara turanta AgababUlA ho jAtA hai|" kabhI-kabhI parivAra meM sadasyoM kA matavaimatya bhI krodha bhar3akA detA hai / padmapurANa meM vana jAte samaya eka brAhmaNI rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA ko bhojana va Azraya detI hai lekina usake pati ko yaha bilkula bhI pasanda nahIM AtA aura vaha kevala unako hI nahIM nikAla detA, ki apanI patnI para bhI atyadhika kruddha hotA hai|" isI prakAra kA udAharaNa munibhadra- racita zAntinAthacarita meM bhI prApta hotA hai jahAM ratnasAra vaNik apane putra dhanada se isa kAraNa ruSTa hai kyoMki usane sahasra suvarNa mudrAeM dekara eka zloka-patra kharIda liyA thaa| * lAparavAhI ke kAraNa eka bahuta hI vismayotpAdaka aura asAdhAraNa krodha kA udAharaNa vAdirAjasUri ke yazodharacarita meM milatA hai| yahAM rAjA yazodhara kA hastipAlaka, apane Upara Asakta usakI mahArAnI amRtavatI ke sAtha, usake pAsa nizcita samaya se thor3A vilamba se Ane ke kAraNa, usa para ( rAnI para ) avizvasanIya rUpa se krodhita hotA hai| usake dvArA rAnI ke sAtha kiyA gayA durvyavahAra usake raudra rUpa ko prakaTa karatA hai / " padmapurANa meM raviSeNAcArya ne eka navIna prakAra ke krodha kA varNana kiyA hai| jaba rAma ko jJAta hotA hai ki sItA dIkSA le rahI hai aura devatAoM ne isa kArya meM usakI sArI bAdhAeM dUra kara dI haiM, to ve devatAoM para atyadhika kruddha hote haiN| kisI anya jaina sAhitya meM bhI isa prakAra kA varNana prApta nahIM hotA / vRSabhadhvaja ke tIrthaMkara ke janma para svargaloka meM jaba indra kA siMhAsana hilatA hai, to usa samaya indra kisa prakAra kopavahni meM jalane lagatA hai--isakA kAvyAtmaka va prabhAvotpAdaka varNana padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM kiyA gayA hai|" netroM kA lAla ho jAnA, bhRkuTiyoM kA tana jAnA, dAMtoM dvArA adhara ko kATanA, zarIra meM kampana ho jAnA, pasIne kA bahanA Adi sabhI anubhAvoM kA eka sAtha samAveza amaracandrasUri dvArA isa varNana meM bar3I cAturI se kiyA gayA hai| raudra rasa ke anagaNita udAharaNa ina kAvyoM meM dRSTipatha Ate haiM, lekina yahAM para kevala kucha kI hI samIkSA kI gaI hai| uparinikhita udAharaNoM se kucha aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne eka sAdhAraNa manuSya kI manaHsthiti kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana kara, apane kAvyoM ke mukhya pAtnoM meM raudra rasa citrita kiyA hai, jo jaina darzana ke sarvathA viparIta hai / yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki isI 1. harivaMzapurANa 40/4 2. jayanta vijaya, 6/50 3. vAtAnukUi uvAca brAhmaNI vAcA takSanniva sutIkSNayA / ayi pApe kimityeSAmiha dattaM pravezanam / ' prayacchAmyadya te duSTe bandhaM gorapi dussaham / padmapurANa, 35 / 13-14 4. zAntinAthacarita, 6 / 26-30 5. vilambya kAla naranAthapatnImupasthitAM pratyuditaprakopaH / AkRSya kezagrahaNena ghoraM jaghAna jAraH sa varatna muSTyA // nikRSyamANA bhuvi tena paddbhyAM malImasenAkRtavipralApA / itastato'gAttamaseva kAle nipIDyamAnA divi candrakAntiH / yazodharacarita, 2/ ! 2 / 52-53 6. padmapurANa, 105/87-88 7. tata. kampaM tanau kampamAnapaJcAnanAsanAt / saMkrAntamiva saMkruddhaH saudharmAdhipatirdadhau / sahasranayanasyAsan zoNA nayanarazmayaH / jvAlA ivAntaruddIptakopAgnenirgatA bahiH || svAnte samantataH kopajvalane jvalite drutam / abhimAnatarostasya cakampe'dharapallavaH // rakto lalATapaTTossya sveda bindu kuTumbitaH / abhisRtya bhRkuTyAsszu zliSTaH kalitakampayA / aye ko'yamakAlespi kAlenAtha kaTAkSitaH / yo mamAkampayanmRtyutkaNThI kaNThIravAsanam / padmAnanda, 7 / 412-416 22 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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kAraNa se sAhityika dRSTi se kathAnaka kA abhinna aMga hone para bhI kAvya ke adhyayana ke pazcAt, usakA vivecanAtmaka vizleSaNa karane para pAThaka kucha asAdhAraNa-sA anubhava karatA hai / vIra rasa jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM yuddhavIra, dharmavIra aura dAnavIra ke sAtha-sAtha dayAvIra ke udAharaNa bhI prApta hote haiN| yuddhavIra 1 ina kAvyoM meM yuddhavIra prAyaH rAjAoM ke varNanoM meM hI prApta hotA hai ye rAjA yadyapi ahiMsAtmaka dRSTikoNa rakhate the, lekina phira bhI apanI aura apane rAjya kI rakSA ke lie hamezA yuddha tatpara rahate the / yadyapi ve svayaM yuddha meM pahala nahIM karate the lekina zatru dvArA yuddha ke AhvAna para IMTa kA javAba patthara se dene meM aTUTa vizvAsa rakhate the / eka yoddhA kA yuddha meM vijaya prApta karanA yA lar3ate-lar3ate mRtyu kI goda meM so jAnA, parama karttavya samajhA jAtA thA / " yaha ullekhanIya hai ki mahAkAvyoM kI apekSA purANoM meM vIra rasa kA varNana adhika vistRta tathA prabhAvazAlI hai| jaina mahAkAvyoM meM yuddhavIra ke udAharaNa kaviyoM dvArA, kisI rAjA ke parAkrama-varNana, usakI senA ke varNana, yuddha meM vIratA pradarzana tathA yuddha - -kSetra ke varNana meM adhikatara prApta hote haiM / vaizravaNa dvArA laMkA para Adhipatya jamA lene para vibhISaNa dvArA apanI nirAza aura nirutsAhita mAtA kaikasI ko, apane bhAI rAvaNa ke parAkrama kA varNana kara sAMtvanA dI gaI hai|' yahAM prayukta rUpakAlaMkAra raviSeNAcArya kI adbhuta kalpanAzakti kA udghoSa karatA hai / kevala padmapurANa meM hI eka strI ke yuddhakauzala kA varNana diyA gayA hai| apane pati napuSa kI anupasthiti meM siMhikA na kevala AkrAmaka rAjAoM ko hI parAjita karatI hai balki anya rAjAoM ko bhI apane vaza meM kara letI hai / raviSeNAcArya ne 'sAMgarUpakAlaMkAra' kA prayoga karake, sarala bhASA meM eka choTe-se 'anuSTup' dvArA yuddhakSetra meM rAvaNa ke parAkrama kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / 4 kavi dhanaJjaya ne eka hI zloka meM rAvaNa aura jarAsandha kI, yuddhakSetra meM vIratA kA varNana kiyA hai| yaha kavi kI AzAtIta kalpanAzakti aura pratibhA kA sUcaka hai| " dUsarI zreNI ke mahAkAvyoM meM kaviyoM dvArA die gae apane nAyakoM ke parAkrama varNana meM aneka prakAra kI maulika aura navIna kalpanAoM kA kuzalatA se prayoga kiyA gayA hai / rAjA mahAsena ke parAkrama kA varNana kavi harizcandra ne apane dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM bahuta hI alaMkArika bhASA meM kiyA hai|' kavi 'punaH mahAsena kI talavAra kA varNana karane meM kalpanAmbara meM ur3atA huA sA pratIta hotA hai| vistRta tathyoM kA varNana itane alpa zabdoM meM karanA, saMskRta bhASA ke prayoga para usakA Adhipatya pramANita karatA hai / " punaH yaha sIdhA-sAdA sA varNana karane ke lie ki mahAsena rAjA ke zatru usakI talavAra dvArA kisa prakAra choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM kATa die gae, kavi punaH navIna kalpanA kA Azraya letA hai / 'dvija' zabda para zleSa hai / isa varNana meM kavi ne kRtrima aura durbodha bhASA kA 1. saMgrAme zastrasaMpAtajAtajvalanajAlake / varaM prANaparityAgo na tu pratinarAnati // padmapurANa, 2/177 2. rAjamArgoM pratApasya stambho bhuvanavezmanaH / aMkurI darpavRkSasya na jJAtAvasya te bhujI / / padmapurANa, 7 / 246 padmapurANa, 22/116-118, 4. preritaH kopavAtena dazAnanatanUnapAt / zastrajvAlAkula: zatrusainyakakSe vyajRmbhata / padmapurANa, 8 / 216 5. ebhiH zirobhiratipIDitapAdapIThaH saMgrAmaraMgazavanarttanasUtradhAraH / taM kaMsamAtula ihArigaNaM kRtAnta dantAntaraM gamitavAnna samandazAsyaH / dvisaMdhAna, 11 / 38 6. niyojya karNotpalavajjayazriyA kRpANamasyopagame samidgRhe / pratApadIpAH zamitA virodhinAmaho salajjA navasaMgame striyaH / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 2 / 12 19. nipItamAtaMgaghaTAya zoNitA 'dRDhAvagUDhA suratArthibhirbhaTaiH / kina pratApanamAsadattamityamasvAmi dharmazarmAbhyudaya 2 / 12 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 23

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prayoga kiyA hai|' lekina aisA nahIM hai ki kavi ne hamezA alaMkArika aura kaThina bhASA kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| kabhI-kabhI kavi kI bhASA sarala aura subodha hone para bhI ojasvI aura prabhAvazAlI hai| kavi ne yuddhakSetra kA varNana navIna kalpanA dvArA kiyA hai|' yahA~ 'puNDarIka' aura 'zilImukha' para zleSa hai / lekina eka sundara zleSa kA prayoga karane kI utsukatA meM kavi yaha bhUla gayA ki kamala samudra meM utpanna nahIM hote / neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM kavi vAgbhaTTa ne rAjA samudravijaya kI vIratA kA varNana usake anurUpa hI bhASA-zailI meM kiyA hai| isameM zrutikaTu, saMyukta, arddharepha, kaThora aura mahAprANa akSaroM kA prayoga huA hai / lambe-lambe samAsoM tathA oja guNa kA prayoga varNana ke saundarya meM cAra cAMda lagA detA hai| kavi, zabdoM dvArA hI artha kI pratIti karAne meM saphala huA hai| abhayadevasUri ne apane jayantavijaya mahAkAvya meM rAjA vikramasiMha ke parAkrama kA varNana eka upabhA dvArA kiyA hai| usakI kRpANa kI yama kI jihvA se tulanA, kavi kI maulika pratibhA kA udAharaNa hai / " dharmAbhyudaya meM kavi udayaprabhasUri ne bAhubali kI vIratA kA varNana eka nirAle vyatireka dvArA diyA hai| kavi vAstava meM prazaMsA kA pAtra hai ki itanI sarala aura aura pravAhamayI bhASA kA prayoga karake bhI usane itanA ojasvI aura prabhAvazAlI varNana kiyA hai| padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM amaracandrasUri kA, advitIya aura navIna 'mAlopamA' kI sahAyatA se, bAhubali ke anupama bala kA varNana, usake vistRta anubhava aura kAvyacAturI kA sUcaka hai|' zatru dvArA cunautI die jAne para, ina kAvyoM ke nAyaka svAbhimAna ko pradarzita karane ke lie Atma-prazaMsA karane meM bhI nahIM hicakipAte the| AdipurANa meM jaba bharata cakravartI apane bhAI bAhubali ke pAsa yA to usakA Adhipatya svIkAra karane yA yuddha karane kA saMdezA bhejatA hai, to bAhubali kA svAbhimAna turanta jAgrata ho jAtA hai| vaha yA to yuddha meM lar3ate hue vIragati prApta karane meM yA vijaya prApta karane meM hI vizvAsa rakhatA hai| eka rAjA ke lie ina do mArgoM meM se eka ko hI cunanA zobhA detA hai| isI prakAra 'candraprabhacarita' meM vIranandI kavi ne, rAjakumAra ajitaMjaya ke mukha dvArA hI usakI adbhuta vIratA kA paricaya karavAyA hai, jaba vaha ajJAnavaza eka parvata para car3ha jAtA hai aura parvata devatA use DarAne-dhamakAne kA prayatna karatA hai|" alpAyu hone para bhI vIratA usameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai| vasantavilAsa mahAkAvya meM jaba rAjA zaMkha kA dUta, vastupAla maMtrI ko cunautI detA hai to usake uttara meM maMtrI, 'rUpakAlaMkAra' 1. tadIyanistrizalasadvidhuM tude valAdgilatyudyatarAjamaNDalam / nimajjya dhArAsalile svamuccakairdadudvijebhyaH pravibhajya vidviSaH / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 2 /16 2.hriikrnnaam| nipetustava yodhAnAM tatra tatra zilImukhA: / / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 16 / 65 3. jhalajhaladiggajakarNakIrNavartirivAzAsu sadA pradIptaH / yasyAribhUbhRdvanavaMzadAhe pratApavahniH paTutAM babhAra // neminirvANa, 1 / 60 4. yasyAhave vairikarIndrakumbhasthalI galattAraka rambitAMgaH | reje kRpANo'rikulaM jigISAryamasya jihva va sadantapaMktiH // jayanta vijaya, 1 / 61 5. paTAJcalena ced bhAnuzchAdya: syAt taruNacchaviH / yadi jvAlAkulo vahnirbhaved grAhyazca muSTinA // tAjastA utkaSipauruSo nAnyairjetuM zakyaH surairapi / dharmAbhyudaya, 4 / 265-66 6. paJcAnanasyebhaghaTAmabhittvA parAkramaH ko mRgamardanena ? pracaNDavAyoracalAnakRtvA calAna balaM ki tRNakarSaNena ? araM narasyAnabhibhUya lobhaM kimadbhutaM doSavibhoSaNena ? devasya ki digvijayena bAhubala na ced bAhubalijito'sau / padmAnanda, 17/15-16 7. svadordumaphalaM zlAghyaM yatkiJcana manasvinAma / na cAturantamadhyezyaM parabhra latikAphalam || parAjJopahatAM lakSmI yo vAJchet pArthivo'pi san / so'papArthayati tAmuktiM sarpoktimiva DuNDabhaH / / AdipurANa, 35 / 112-13 8. candraprabhacarita 6/21-22 6. dUta ! re vaNigahaM raNaTTe vizruto'si tulayA kalayAmi / molibhANDapaTalAni ripUNAM svargavetanamatho vitarAmi / vasantavilAsa, 5 / 44 24 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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dvArA jo kucha bhI kahatA hai, vaha kavi kI apanI hI maulika kalpanA hai| isa prakAra kA advitIya, anupama, durlabha va AzAtIta kAlpanika varNana na to kisI anya jaina aura na hI kisI jainetara sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai| jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM yuddhoM ke varNana meM bhI vIra rasa adhikatA se prApta hotA hai / padmapurANa meM sarala bhASA ke prayoga ke bAvajUda yaha varNana ki kisa prakAra eka yoddhA dUsare yoddhA ko prerita kara rahA hai, bahuta hI AkarSaka, hRdayagrAhI aura prabhAvazAlI hai|' madhyama puruSa, loT lakAra kA prayoga varNana-zobhA ko bar3hAtA hai / chindhi, bhindhi, kSipa, uttiSTha, tiSTha, dAraya, dhAraya, cUrNaya, nAzaya, sahasva, dattasva ucchraya kalpaya meM 'anuprAsa' bhASA ko saMgItamaya banAkara zrutimaya bhI banA detA hai| lekina aisA nahIM ki yaha vIra rasa ke anucita hai| kyoMki oja guNa usI prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vidyamAna hai| jinasenAcArya ne jayakumAra kI durlaMghya yuddha-zakti ko bahuta yathArtha va sajIva upamA dvArA citrita kiyA hai| tirohita sarpa, nissaMdeha chipe hue zatru sainikoM kI tarapha saMketa karatA hai| candraprabhacarita ke raciyatA vIranandi kA rAjA padmanAbha aura rAjA pRthvIpAla ke yuddha kA citraNa eka sAtha calana:, valana:, sthAna:, valganaiH aura vaJcana: ke prayoga se aura bhI sundara bana par3A hai| ___ mallinAthacarita meM vinayacandrasUri dvArA prastuta yuddha-varNana saMkSipta hote hue bhI bahuta prabhAvazAlI hai / kavi ne alpa zabdoM meM hI yuddha kI samasta bAtoM kA varNana kara 'gAgara meM sAgara' kI ukti ko caritArtha kiyA hai| yahAM dantAdanti, khaDgAkhaDgi tathA tuNDAtuNDi kA prayoga darzanIya hai| kavi bAlacandrasUri ne vasantavilAsa mahAkAvya meM rAjA zaMkha aura vastupAla mantrI ke madhya hue yuddha kA vistRta varNana itane prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kiyA hai ki kevala par3hane mAtra se yuddha-kSetra kA samasta dRzya hamArI AMkhoM ke sAmane jyoM kA tyoM ghUma jAtA hai / lambe-lambe samAsoM, zrutikaTu, mahAprANa aura saMyukta zabdoM tathA oja guNa kI upasthiti varNana kI zobhA ko caugunA kara detI hai| ina mahAkAvyoM meM senA ke prasthAna ke varNana meM bhI vIrarasa prApta hotA hai| dhanaJjaya ne rAvaNa/ jarAsandha kI senA kA rAma kRSNa kI senA ke prati prayANa kA bahuta hI sundara citraNa apanI adbhuta kAvya-pratibhA se kiyA hai| ___isake viparIta guNabhadrAcArya ne rAma kI senA kA laMkA ke prati prayANa kA varNana vistRta rUpa se kiyA hai| isake pratyuttara meM rAvaNa ke sainika bhI utane hI zaurya aura utsAha se Age bddh'e| jaisA ki pahale bhI nirdeza kiyA jA cukA hai ki vIra rasa ke varNana meM kavi vIranandi ne apanI adbhuta kalpanA zakti aura pratibhA kA prakAzana kiyA hai| isI prakAra kA eka varNana rAjA padmanAbha ke sainikoM ke viSaya meM diyA gayA hai jaba unheM patA calatA hai ki unheM punaH yuddha ke lie prasthAna karanA hai / / isI prakAra bAlacandrasUri dvArA apane vasantavilAsa mahAkAvya meM virAdhabala kI senA ke parAkrama tathA utsAha kA citraNa bakhUbI 1. gahANa praharAgaccha jahi vyApAdayodgiraH / chindhi bhindhi kSipottiSTha tiSTha dAraya dhAraya / / vadhAna sphoTayAkarSa muJca cUrNaya nAzaya / sahasva datsva niHsarpa sandhatsvocchaya kalpaya / / padmapurANa, 62/40-41 2. tadA raNAMgaNe varSan zaradhArAmanAratam / sa reje dhRtasannAhaH prAvRSeNya ivAmbudaH / tanmuktA vizikhA dIpA rejire smraajire| draSTuM tirohitAnnAgAn dIpikA iva bodhitA: / / AdipurANa, 32/69-70 3. calanavalana: sthAnavalganaimarmavaJcanaiH / / tayoramUddhanuryuddha' dRptdordnnddcnnddyoH|| candraprabhacarita, 15123 4. gajA garayudhyanta yodhA yodhai rathA rathaiH / dantAdanti khaDgAkhaDgi tuNDAtuNDi yathAkramam / / mallinAthacarita, 2/166 5. vasantavilAsa mahAkAvya, 5,50-53 6. dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya, 168 7. uttarapurANa, 68/471-472 8. uttarapurANa, 68/557-558 6. huSyadaMgatayA sadyaH sphuTatpUrva raNavaNaH / vIravIrarasAviSTa: saMnadadha mapacakrame / / candraprabhacarita, 15/5 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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kiyA gayA hai|' yuddha ke pazcAt yuddha-kSetra ke dRzya kA varNana candraprabhacarita meM kavi bahuta hI AkarSaka aura sajIva DhaMga se karatA hai| eka sundara rUpaka ke prayoga se kavi udayaprabhasUri kA yuddha-kSetra-varNana bahuta hI navIna va prabhAvazAlI bana gayA hai|' jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM vIra rasa ke prasaMga meM astra aura zastra donoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai / yuddha meM prAya: dhanuSabANa aura talavAra kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI daNDa, cakra, gadA, kRpANa, tomara, mudgara, khaDga va tuNDa kA nirdeza bhI milatA hai| kevala hAthI aura ghor3oM kA hI yuddha-kSetra meM prayoga kiye jAne kA ullekha anekazaH milatA hai| dharmavIra ina kAvyoM meM zreSTha loga apane prANoM ko dekara bhI apanI pratijJA ko pUrA karane meM vizvAsa karate the| sItA kA pativrata dharma sarvavidita hI hai / padmapurANa meM jaba rAvaNa sAma aura dAna dvArA bhI sItA kA mana rAma se vimukha nahIM kara pAtA to vaha 'daNDa' kA Azraya letA hai| vibhinna kaSTaprada aura asahanIya yAtanAoM ko bhI sItA ha~sate-ha~sate saha jAtI hai, lekina apane pati rAma ke atirikta kisI bhI anya puruSa ke viSaya meM socanA bhI pApa samajhatI hai| isI prakAra guNabhadrAcArya ne bhI sItA kA apane pativrata meM dRr3ha vizvAsa kA varNana itanI sundaratA se kiyA hai ki rAvaNa kI bahina zUrpaNakhA bhI sItA kA uttara sunakara Azcaryacakita ho jAtI hai| jaba vidyAdharI usako bAra-bAra rAvaNa se vivAha ke lie anekoM lAlaca bhI detI hai, DarAtI-dhamakAtI bhI hai aura aneka yAtanAeM bhI detI hai, to sItA na to bolane aura na hI anna-jala grahaNa karane kI pratijJA kara letI hai| mahAna loga apane kula ke yaza kI rakSA ke lie apane priya vyakti yA vastu kA tyAga karane meM bhI nahIM hicakicAte / yadyapi rAma kA sItA ke prati agAdha prema aura vizvAsa hai, lekina phira bhI rAvaNa ke yahAM rahane ke kAraNa, cUMki kucha logoM ne usakI pavitratA kI tarapha uMgalI uThAnA prArambha kara diyA, ata: rAma ne apane kula-maryAdA kI rakSA ke lie use jaMgaloM meM niSkAsita kara diyaa| dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM kisI vizeSa siddhi ko prApta karane ke lie, aparAjitA devI ko prasanna karane ke lie, eka yogI, anaMgavatI nAmaka rAjakumArI kI jaba bali denA cAhatA hai, to rAjA abhayaMkara acAnaka vahAM pahuMca jAtA hai aura usa ajanabI rAjakumArI ko yogI ke caMgula se chur3Ane ke lie, vaha svayaM ko samarpita kara detA hai / jaise hI vaha apanA sira svayaM kATane ke lie tatpara hotA hai, usake hAtha nizceSTa ho jAte haiN| devI prasanna ho use eka varadAna mAMgane ko kahatI hai| isa para rAjA jo uttara detA hai, vaha vAstava meM apanI pratijJA ko pUrA karane kA navIna, anUThA aura advitIya udAharaNa hai, jo anyatra kisI bhI sAhitya meM durlabha hai| kahIM-kahIM nimna koTi ke pAtroM meM bhI dharmavIra prApta hotA hai| uttarapurANa meM eka kirAta mAMsa na khAne kI pratijJA bhaMga karane kI apekSA apane prANoM kA tyAga karanA jyAdA acchA samajhatA hai| dAnavIra ina mahAkAvyoM meM isa prakAra kA vIra rasa do prasaMgoM meM prApta hotA hai / eka to kaviyoM dvArA die gae rAjAoM ke dAna dene ke 1. vasanta vilAsa mahAkAvya, 5/17 2. kvacitpatitapattyazvaM kvacidbhagnamahAratham / kvacidabhinnebhamAsIttaduHsaMcAraM raNAjiram // candraprabhacarita, 15/60 3. bhujAbhRtAM bhujAdaNDaiH zirobhizca kSiticyutaH / kRtAntakikarAzcaR daNDa kandukakautukam // dharmAbhyudaya, 4/264 4. padmapurANa, 46/64-101 5. uttarapurANa, 68/175-178 6. uttarapurANa, 68/216-224 7. padmapurANa, 67/18-21 5. yadi bhagnapratijJo'pi jIvaloke'tra jIvati / vada taddevi ! ko nAma mRta ityabhidhIyatAm / / tatastvaM yadi tuSTA'si tatprayA hi yathA''gatam / zirazchedAkSamopyeSa vizAmyagnau yathA svayam // dharmAbhyudaya, 1/276-277 6. uttarapurANa, 74367-400 26 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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guNa-varNana meM aura dUsare jahAM koI apanI abhISTa vastu ko bhI binA hicakicAhaTa ke dUsare ke dvArA mAMge jAne para de detA hai| dharmAbhyudaya meM rAjA abhayaMkara apane maMtrI sumati ke bAra-bAra manA karane para bhI, bahuta prayatnapUrvaka prApta kI gaI apanI 'khaDgasiddhi vidyA' rAjA nRsiMha ko de detA hai aura apane amAtya ko bhI dAna kA mahattva batalAtA hai|' zAntinAtha carita meM megharatha eka cir3iyA ko zikArI ke caMgula se bacAne ke lie apane zarIra kA mAMsa use de detA hai| 'dAnavIra' kA dUsarI prakAra kA udAharaNa dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM rAjA mahAsena ke dAna-pakSa ko ujAgara karane ke lie diyA gayA hai|' mahAsenAcArya ne yahI varNana rAjA upendra ke viSaya meM adhika kAvyAtmaka tathA alaMkArika DhaMga se kiyA hai| dayAvora ina kAvyoM meM 'dayAvIra' eka hI prasaMga meM milatA hai jabaki koI mahAn puruSa ajanabI logoM kI Apatti ko dekhakara dayArdra ho jAte haiM aura apane jIvana ko bhI khatare meM DAlakara, usakI rakSA karate haiM / isa prakAra kA eka udAharaNa padmapurANa meM prApta hotA hai jahAM ratnacUlA vidyAdharI aJjanA aura vanamAlA ke Upara, eka bhayAnaka siMha dvArA AkramaNa kiye jAne para, dayAdravita ho, apane pati maNicUla se unako bacAne kI prArthanA karatI hai, yadyapi una donoM striyoM se vaha bilakula aparicita hai| isI prakAra neminAtha tIrthakara, apane vivAha ke avasara para mAre jAne vAle pazuoM ke kAruNika rodana ko sunakara karuNAbhibhUta ho jAte haiM aura vivAha kie binA turanta hI dIkSA le lete haiN|' anurUpa bhASA-zailI, padAvalI tathA oja guNa kA prayoga karane ke kAraNa, vIra rasa kA saundarya kahIM adhika bar3ha gayA hai| bhayAnaka rasa ___ jaina saMskRta ke mahAkAvyoM meM bhayAnaka rasa prAyaH pazuoM, RtuoM, vanoM, yuddhoM, bhayAnaka AkRtiyoM, pretAtmAoM aura naraka ke prasaMga meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| raviSeNAcArya ne bahuta hI svAbhAvika aura sajIva citraNa dvArA eka zera kI bhayaMkaratA kA varNana kiyA hai jo vana meM acAnaka hI aJjanA aura usakI sakhI vanamAlA ke samakSa bhaya kI sAkSAt mUrti bana kara upasthita huaa| kavi dvArA prayukta 'saMdehAlaMkAra' kA prayoga vAstava meM bahuta hI sundara hai| kavi kA yaha varNana itanA sajIva aura yathArtha hai ki pAThaka kA mana bhI bhaya se kAMpa uThatA hai| zrutikaTu, saMyukta mahAprANa vargoM kA tathA lambe-lambe samAsoM kA prayoga varNana kI zobhA meM aura bhI adhika vRddhi kara detA hai| eka anya sthala para bhI eka bhayaMkara zeranI kA varNana utanA hI sajIva tayA bhayotpAdaka hai / kavi kI kalpanA bhI prasaMgAnukUla hai| vidyutakSa dvArA eka bandara ko mAra die jAne para isI prakAra kA bhayaprada va svAbhAvika varNana puna: kavi ne anya bandaroM dvArA 1. dharmAbhyudaya, 2/150-152 2. zAntinAtharita, 12/20 3. asaktamAkAraninIkSaNAdapi kSaNAdabhISTArthakRtArthitArthinaH / kutazcidAtithyamiyAya karNayonaM tasya dehIti durakSaradvayam / / dharma zarmA yudaya, 2/13 4. manorathAnAmadhikaM vilokya tyAga yadIyaM jagate hitAya / kalpadrumaiIDitayA vililye tathA yathAdyApi na janmalAbhaH / / pradya mnacarita, 1/43 5. padmapurANa, 17/244-245 6. harivaMzapurANa, 55/88-89; uttarapurANa, 71/161-164 7. atha dhUtebhakIlAlazoNakesarasaMcayaH / mRtyupatrAMgulicchAyA~ bhRkuTi kuTilAM dadhat / / padmapurANa, 17/224 jIvAkarSAM kuzAkArAM daMSTrAM tIkSNAgrasaMkarAm / / kuTilA dhArayan raudrAM mRtyorapi bhayaMkarAm // padmapurANa, 17/227 X X mRtyudatyaH kRtAnto nu pratezo na kaliH kSayaH / antakasyAntako nu syAd bhAskaro nu tanUnapAt // padmapurANa, 17/230 8. padmapurANa, 22/86-88 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 27

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badalA lene ke prasaMga meM bhI kiyA hai|" " kavi guNabhadra dvArA uttarapurANa meM diyA gayA kAlIya nAga kA varNana bhI bahuta aucityapUrNa tathA pAThaka ke hRdaya ko bhI dahalA dene vAlA hai| purANoM kI apekSA mahAkAvya meM pazuoM kI bhayaMkaratA kA varNana kama hai| candraprabhacarita meM 'gajakeli' nAmaka hAthI kA varNana kavi vIranandi dvArA kiyA to gayA hai, lekina yaha hRdaya para amiTa chApa chor3ane vAlA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / 3 dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM kavi udayaprabhari ne lambe samAsoM, kaThora, saMyukta va mahAprANa akSaroM kA prayoga kara eka zera kI bhayAnakatA kA varNana adhika kuzalatA se kiyA hai / * RtuoM kI pracaNDatA kA varNana purANoM meM kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hotA / vAdirAja sUri ne grISma Rtu kI pracaNDatA kA kAvyAtmaka aura pravAhamaya varNana kiyA hai / varNana par3hane mAtra se hI sabake dvArA anubhava kie jAne vAle, grISma Rtu ke duHkhoM, kaSToM va pIr3AoM kA ahasAsa ho jAtA hai| abhayadeva sUri ne prasaMgAnukUla bhASA va samAsoM kA prayoga kara grISma Rtu ke varNana ko sAhityika dRSTi se bhI adhika prabhAvazAlI banA diyA hai| bharata cakravartI kI senA ko pIr3ita karane ke lie kirAtoM dvArA kI gaI bhISaNa zara-varSA kA varNana kavi udayaprabhasUri ne bahuta hI svAbhAvika aura sajIva rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai| isI prakAra varSA kI bhayaMkaratA kA varNana bhAvadeva sUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita meM bhI prApta hotA hai| yahAM kavi kI kalpanA apekSAkRta adhika sundara hai| 5 kavi raviSeNa ne hRdaya ko kaMpA dene vAlA, vana kI bhayaMkaratA kA citraNa apane padmapurANa meM kiyA hai| isI prakAra eka-dUsare sthala para bhI durgama vana meM rahane vAle, anekoM bhayaMkara pazuoM kI bhayaMkaratA kA nirUpaNa bhI kavi dvArA kAvyAtmaka rUpa se diyA gayA hai| zabdoM dvArA hI kavi artha kI pratIti karAne meM saphala huA hai|" kavi dhanaJjaya ne apane dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya meM 'atizayokti alaMkAra' prayoga kara eka tarapha rAma-lakSmaNa aura khara-dUSaNa meM hone vAle aura dUsarI ora arjuna, bhIma aura kauravoM ke madhya hone vAle yuddha kI bhayaMkaratA kA bahuta hI sundara varNana, eka navIna va prasaMgAnukUla upamA dvArA kiyA hai| ' yuddha samApta ho jAne para, senAoM dvArA kie gae bhArI vinAza kA varNana bhI usI kAvya meM diyA gayA hai| kavi kI kalpanA aura ucita vizeSaNoM ke prayoga se varNana ke saundarya meM vRddhi ho gaI hai| " 1. padmapurANa, 6 / 245-47 2. uttarapurANa, 70 / 467-69 3. candraprabhacarita, 11 / 82-83 4. dharmAbhyudaya, 11 / 416-18 5. vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 5 / 67-68 6. giridavAnaladagdha vanodbhavaM bhramati bhasmasitaM vittiikRtm| jagati bandijanairiva vAyubhiyaMza davoSNa RtoravanIpateH / / khararuce rucibhiH paritApitaiH prakupitairiva maNDalamAdadhe / anilato vitartadivareNubhiH kalitapAkapalAzadalopamam / jayantavijaya, 18/13-14 7. rasanto virasaM medhA bhuktaM vArdhe jalaiH samam / udvamanto vyalokyanta vADavAgni tacchilAtU / dhArAmuzalapAtena khaNDayanta iva kSitim / rAkSasA iva te'bhUvan ghanA bhISaNamUrtayaH // dharmAbhyudaya, 4 / 83-84 8. bhAvadevasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 2 / 156-58 6. padmapurANa, 7/258-61 10. vahI, 33 / 23 - 26 11. dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya, 6/16-17 12. patitasakalapanA tatra kIrNArimedA vanatatiriva rugNA sAmajaibhU mirAsIt / nihata niravazeSA svAMgazeSa / vatasthe kathamapi ripulakSmIrekamUlA lateva // dvisaMdhAna, 16 / 65 28 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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pradyumnacarita meM mahAsenAcArya dvArA yuddhakSetra kI bhayAnakatA kuzalatApUrvaka pUrNa rUpa se citrita kI gaI hai|' harivaMzapurANa meM zrIkRSNa ko mArane ke lie acAnaka prakaTa huI tANDavI nAmaka rAkSasI kA bhayotpAdaka varNana bahuta kuzalatA se, kavi jinasena ne kiyA hai|' isI prakAra eka preta kI bhayAnaka AkRti kA varNana zAntinAthacarita meM bhI prApta hotA hai| rAvaNa ke kaThora tapa ko dekhakara, yakSoM dvArA usa para DhAI gaI bhayAnaka vipattiyoM kA varNana raviSeNAcArya ne padmapurANa meM bakhubI kiyA hai| uttarapurANa meM guNabhadra ne rAjA vasu ke jhUTha bolane para, cAroM tarapha hAhAkAra aura bhaya utpanna karane vAlI prAkRtika durghaTanAoM evaM rAjA para AI huI vipattiyoM aura usake sahita usake siMhAsana kA rasAtala ko cale jAne kA varNana bahuta hI hRdayasparzI va sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai| jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM mahApuruSoM dvArA die gae upadeza meM janasAdhAraNa ko anucita kArya karane se rokane ke lie, naraka kI bhayAnakatAoM va yAtanAoM kA varNana, kaviyoM dvArA bahuta hI romaJcakArI DhaMga se diyA gayA hai| padmapurANa meM naraka meM die jAne vAlI asaMkhya yAtanAoM kA varNana kavi raviSeNa dvArA itane vizada, spaSTa aura prabhAvotpAdaka DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai ki koI svapna meM bhI naraka meM le jAne vAle kAryoM ko karane ke lie socegA bhI nahIM / / jinasenAcArya ke AdipurANa meM bhI isa prakAra kA naraka kA bhayotpAdaka varNana prApta hotA hai| mahAkAvyoM meM isa prakAra ke varNana bahuta kama prApta hote haiN| tIrthakara jaba upadeza ke daurAna vibhinna gatiyoM kA varNana karate haiM to usameM prasaMgavaza naraka nivAsiyoM kA bhI varNana saMkSepa se karate haiN| isI kAraNa, pradyumnacarita, vasantavilAsa, jayantavijaya aura dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvyoM meM cUMki jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / ata: isa prakAra ke varNana bhI prApta nahIM hote / dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM naraka-varNana saMkSipta hone para bhI prabhAvazAlI hai| eka hI anuSTup meM pAyayanti, ghnanti, badhnanti, mathnanti tathA dArayanti kA prayoga darzanIya hai| sItA kI agni-parIkSA ke lie prajvalita pracaNDa agni kA varNana 'saMdehAlaMkAra' ke dvArA raviSeNAcArya ne itane sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai ki usake par3hane mAtra se hI pAThaka ke dila meM bhI bhaya kA samAveza pUrNa rUpa se ho jAtA hai| kavi kI kalpanAeM bhI navIna haiM / harivaMza purANa meM madya ke naze meM jaba yAdava rAjakumAra tapasyAlIna muni dvaipAyana ko pITa dete haiM to badalA lene kI icchA se muni kisa taraha sArI dvArakA nagarI ko usake nivAsiyoM sahita, krUratApUrvaka agni meM bhasma kara dete haiM, isakA sajIva, yathArtha va bhayotpAdaka varNana kavi jinasena dvArA apane harivaMzapurANa meM diyA gayA hai| triSaSTi zalAkA-puruSoM meM bhayAnaka rasa kA varNana kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hotaa| isa rasa kI niSpatti prAyaH bhayotpAdaka varNanoM meM hI huI hai| kisI vyakti vizeSa meM, vyaktigata rUpa meM isa rasa kA varNana bahuta kama hai| bhASA-zailI kA prayoga bhI isa rasa ke anurUpa hI hai| 1.zailendrAbhaiH pAtitaH kuJjaraudhairduHsaJcAra: syandanaizcApi bhagnaH / bhallU kAnAM phetkRtairantra bhUSavetAlastadbhImamAsInnaTadbhiH / / pradya mnacarita, 10/16 2. harivaMzapurANa, 35/66 3. zAntinAthacarita, 16/117-120 4. padmapurANa, 7/289-308 5. uttarapurANa, 67/426-433 6. vicchinnanAsikAkarNaskandhajaMghAdivigrahAH / kumbhIpAke niyujyante vAMtazoNitavarSiNaH / / prapIDyante ca yantraSu krUrArAveSu vihvalAH / punaH zaileSu bhidyante tIkSNeSu virasasvarAH / / padmapurANa, 26/87-88 aura bhI dekhie : padmapurANa, 26/61-63 7. AdipurANa, 10/36-47 8. pAyayanti ca nistrizAH prataptakalalaM muhuH / ghnanti badhnanti mananti krakacairdArayanti ca // dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 21/30 6. padmapurANa, 105/17-20 10. harivaMzapurANa, 61/74-76 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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bIbhatsa rasa jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM bIbhatsa rasa prAyaH zmazAna-bhUmi ke varNana aura yuddhoparAnta yuddhakSetra ke varNana meM hI prApta hotA hai| kahIMkahIM kisI ghRNAspada AkRti ke varNana meM bhI bIbhatsa rasa ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| padmapurANa meM raviSeNAcArya ne zmazAna-bhUmi kA prabhAvazAlI varNana kiyA hai| isI prakAra kA varNana eka-dUsare sthala para bhI prApta hotA hai| varNana ko par3hane mAtra se pAThaka ke mana meM bhI ghRNA utpanna ho jAtI hai| AdipurANa meM zmazAna-bhUmi ke varNana ke prasaMga meM AcArya jinasena ne nAcate hue kabandhoM, idhara-udhara ghUmatI hae DAkiniyoM, ullU, gIdar3a Adi azubha jIvoM ke cillAne kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| __niHsandeha abhayadevasUri ne apane jayantavijaya mahAkAvya meM zmazAna-bhUmi meM prApta hone vAlI pratyeka vastu kA atyanta prabhAvazAlI varNana kara apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai / lambe samAsoM va saMyukta akSaroM kA prayoga bIbhatsa rasa ke pUrNatayA anurUpa hai| yahAM kavi ne gandha, cillAhaTa va bhUta-pretoM kA varNana kiyA hai jinakA pratyakSa sambandha jJAnendriyoM nAka, kAna va cakSu se hai| isa prakAra kavi ne eka vyakti meM utpanna hone vAlI pratikriyAoM ko nUtana DhaMga se dhvanita kiyA hai| isI prakAra kA vizada, spaSTa aura sabhI meM ghRNA utpanna karane vAlA zmazAna-bhUmi kA varNana bhAvadeva sUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita meM diyA gayA hai / saMyukta, zrutikaTu aura mahAprANa akSaroM kA prayoga zabdoM dvArA hI artha kA bodha karavAtA hai / mallinAthacarita meM bhI kavi vinayacandra sUri ne zmazAna-bhUmi kA sarala bhASA meM sundara varNana kiyA hai| yuddhoparAnta yuddhabhUmi kA prabhAvazAlI ghRNotpAdaka varNana padmapurANa meM raviSeNAcArya ne sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai|' dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya meM eka tarapha rAma-lakSmaNa aura kharadUSaNa ke aura dUsarI tarapha bhIma, arjuna aura kaurava senA ke madhya hue bhISaNa yuddha ke uparAnta yuddhakSetra ke bIbhatsa dRzya kA kavi dhanaJjaya ne romAMcakArI varNana kiyA hai| kisa prakAra rAkSasiyAM apane baccoM ko pairoM para liTAkara, mRta yoddhAoM ke khUna aura mAMsa kA avaleha banAkara unako khilA rahI thIM, kavi kI yaha kalpanA navIna hai va varNana ko aura bhI ghRNAspada banA detI hai| isI prasaMga meM kavi ne punaH navIna kalpanA karate hue yuddhakSetra kA bIbhatsa dRzya pAThakoM ke netroM ke sammukha citrita kara diyA hai| 1. padmapurANa, 22/67-70 2. vahI, 106/63-65 3. AdipurANa, 34/181-82 4. mRtkkottikkraalklevrprcuurduHkhshgndhbhraavhe| abhimukhAgatagandhavahai muhurya datidUravivartyapi sUcyate / / miladasaMkhyazivAkRtphetkRtairyadasukampakRddhitamUrddhajam / adhikaghUkaghanAtidadhUtkRtaH skhalitakAtarajantugatAmati / / bhRtadigantaraduHzravahuMkRtavikRtaveSavapurmukhanartanaH / pracurarAkSasabhUtapizAcakarbhayakula riva durgapathaM nRNAm / / vipulamAMsavasAmadironmadaM vitatamatkalakezamavastrabhRt / bhramati yatna satANDavaDAkinIkulamakAlamRteriva sAdaram / / jayanta vijaya, 4/1-12 5. bhAvadevasUrikRtapAvanASacarita, 3/604-7 6. mallinAthacarita, 1/357-458 7. vicchinnArdhabhujAnkAMzcitkAMzcida?svajitAn / niHsRtAntracayAn kAMzcitkAMzciddalitamastakAn / / gomAyuprAvRtAn kAMzcit khagaH kAzcinniSevitAn / rUditA parivargeNa kAzcicchAditavigrahAn // payapurANa, 47/4-5 8. nipIya raktaM surapuSpavAsitaM sitaM kapAla paripUrya sUnRtAm / natAM prazaMsantyanayonaMnatavAnanataMbAcoryu dhi rakSasA tatiH / / prasArya pAdAvadhiropya bAlaka vidhAya vakre'guliSaMgamaMganA / / pravezayAmAsa vasA mahIkSitA prakalpya pIthaM pizitAzinAM zanaiH / / dvisaMdhAna, 6/37-38 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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yadyapi 'khaga' sAdhAraNa pakSiyoM kA nirdeza karatA hai lekina kavi ne yahAM 'khaga' zabda kA giddha, cIla Adi ke lie prayoga kiyA hai|' jinasenAcArya dvArA AdipurANa meM yuddhakSetra kA varNana karane ke lie yadyapi eka navIna aura sundara upamA kA prayoga to kiyA hai lekina kavi yaha bhUla gayA ki nAva kIcar3a meM kadApi nahIM cala sktii| candraprabhacarita meM kavi vIranandi ne bhI rAjA pRthvIpAla aura rAjA padmanAbha ke yuddha ke pazcAt, yuddha-kSetra kA varNana eka utprekSA dvArA kiyA hai| kavi bAlacandra sUri ne bhI apane vasantavilAsa mahAkAvya meM yuddha kI samApti para, mRta yoddhAoM ke mAMsa ko khAne vAle giddha aura cIloM kA tathA khUna kI nadiyoM meM jalakrIr3A karatI huI pizAciniyoM kA citraNa kara bIbhatsa rasa kA varNana aura bhI prabhAvazAlI banA diyA hai| padmapurANa meM raviSaNAcArya ke, kulavantA nAmaka lar3akI kI bIbhatsa AkRti ke varNana se pAThakoM meM bhI usake prati asIma ghRNA utpanna ho jAtI hai| guNabhadra ne apane uttarapurANa meM vasiSTha nAmaka muni kA atyanta bIbhatsa varNana diyA hai, jo anya logoM ke mana meM bhI ghRNA kI bhAvanA utpanna karatA hai| raviSeNAcArya ne garbhastha zizu ke varNana meM bhI bIbhatsa rasa kA citraNa kiyA hai| vAdirAja sUri ne apane yazodharacarita meM caNDamArI devI ko bali dene ke sthAna kA bhI prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se ghaNAspada varNana diyA hai| ina mahAkAvyoM meM bIbhatsa rasa kA varNana yatra-tatra hI prApta hotA hai, lekina jahAM bhI prApta hotA hai, vahIM kathAnaka kA eka abhinna aMga bana jAtA hai| isa rasa ke prasaMga meM pizAca, rAkSasa, pretAtmA, gIdar3a, giddha, ullU, kutte, sAMpa, muNDa, ardhadagdha zarIra, rakta, mAMsa, durgandha Adi sabhI kA varNana isa rasa ko aura bhI sajIva, prabhAvazAlI aura kAvyAtmaka banA detA hai| adbhuta rasa jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM adbhuta rasa prAyaH triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM, alaukika aura paurANika varNanoM ke atirikta, atyadhika saundarya ke prasaMga meM bhI prApta hotA hai / jaina darzana meM tIrthakara adbhuta alaukika zakti se yukta mAne gae haiM, jo manuSyoM ke duHkhoM aura kaSToM ko dUra karane meM samartha haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM neminAtha tIrthaMkara ke AzIrvAda se andhe dekhane lagate haiM, badhira sunane lagate hai, mUka bolane lagate haiM aura paMgu calane lagate haiN| unakI upasthiti mAtra se hI sarvatra kalyANa hI kalyANa vyApta ho jAtA hai| puna: kavi ne vRSabhadatta bhakta dvArA, muni suvrata tIrthakara ke hAtha para khIra rakhe jAne kA varNana kiyA hai jo unake asaMkhya ziSyoM ke 1. babhI mahallohitasambhRtaM saraH prapIyamAnaM tavatibhiH khagaH / yamena raktaM vinigIrya dehinaamjiirnnmudgiirnnmivaatipaantH| dvisaMdhAna, 6/42 2. cakrasaMghaTTasaM piSTazavAsaramAsakardame / rathakaTyAzcaranti sma tanAbdhI mandapotavat / / 3. candraprabhacarita, 15/47-53 4. vasantavilAsa, 5/60-61 5. sA cillA cipiTA vyAdhizata sNkulvigrhaa| kathaMcitkarmasaMyogAllokocchiSTena jIvitA / / duzcelA durbhagA rUkSA sphuTitAMgA kumUrdhajA / uttAsyamAnA lokena lebhe sA zarma na kvacit / / padmapurANa, 13/57-58 6. jaTAkalApasambhUtalikSAyUkAbhighaTTanam / santatasnAnasaMlagnajaTAntamatamInakAn / uttarapurANa, 70/326 7. padmapurANa, 36/115-16 8. raktasamAjitA raktA nityaM yasyAjirakSitiH / prasAriteva jihvoccavyA raktAsavecchayA / / mAMsastUpAH svayaM yatra mkssikaapttlaavtaaH| chaditAzcaNDamAryeva bahubhakSaNadurjarAH / / yazodharacarita, 1/42.43 ... harivaMzapurANa, 56/77-78 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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dvArA bharapeTa khA lene ke bAda bhI samApta nahIM huii|' isI prakAra kA varNana mahAbhArata meM bhI prApya hai / AdipurANa meM kuberapriya vyApArI ke vakSaHsthala para talavAra se kiyA gayA prahAra bhI maNihAra meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| guNabhadrAcArya ke uttarapurANa meM bhI apahRta evaM pratAr3ita rAjA ceTaka kI putrI bandanA, mahAvIra svAmI ke Ane mAtra se kevala unakI bhakta hone ke kAraNa, sabhI yAtanAoM meM mukta ho gaI / 3 tIrthaMkaroM kI alaukika zakti kevala manuSyoM ko nahIM, apitu pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI prabhAvita karatI hai| isakA sundara aura sajIva varNana jinasenAcArya ne apane AdipurANa meM vRSabhadhvaja svAmI ke saMdarbha meM diyA hai|* kevala cetana prANI hI nahIM apitu acetana prakRti bhI tIrthakaroM kI upasthiti se prabhAvita hotI hai|* tIrthaMkara, antaryAmI va tInoM kAloM ke draSTA hote haiN| pradyumnacarita kAvya meM janma hone ke tIna ghaNTe pazcAt hI apahRta pradyumna ke viSaya meM, neminAtha svAmI pahale hI batalA dete haiM ki vaha 16 varSa pazcAt svayaM hI A jAegA aura usake Ane para prakRti meM bhI cAroM tarapha adbhuta ghaTanAeM ghtteNgii| tIrthakaroM kI bhAMti guni bhI paMcaparameSThI mAne gae haiN| ve bhI adbhuta daivika zaktiyoM se yukta hote haiN| padmapurANa meM kisI muni ke 'caraNodaka' ke dvArA eka haMsa kI kAyA hI palaTa gaI / " 'AdipurANa' meM bAhubali muni ke Ane mAtra se ho sarvatra bahAra hI bahAra chA gii| isI prakAra 'zrIdhara' muni ke Agamana se cAroM ora kitanA vicitra, nirAlA aura zAnta vAtAvaraNa vyApta ho gayA, isakA sundara varNana vIranandI ne apane candraprabhacarita meM diyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kisI parivAramA dvArA kie gae kArya bhI vismayotpAdaka hote haiN| padmapurANa meM apane bImAra pati 'namuSa' ko siMhikA dvArA apane pativrata dharma ke kAraNa hI svastha karane kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai|" sarvavidita hI hai|" rAvaNa ke ghara meM rahane ke pazcAt apanI pavitratA ko pramANita karane ke lie pativratA sItA dvArA dI gaI agni parIkSA to guNabhadrAcArya ne uttarapurANa meM zrIkRSNa ke jela meM janma se lekara unake nanda ke ghara pahuMcane taka kA varNana suMdaratA se kiyA hai| bhAvadevasUri kula pArzvanAtha carita meM apanI satyatA kI parIkSA meM saphala hone ke bAda saba kucha pUrvavat pAkara rAjA harizcandra ke vismayAtireka kA varNana 'sandehAlaMkAra' dvArA kAvyAtmaka va pratibhAzAlI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 13 1. harivaMzapurANa, 16 / 61 2. tasya vakSaHsthale tatra prahAro maNihAratAm / prApa zIlavato bhaktasyArhatparamadaivate / AdipurANa, 46 / 325 3. uttarapurANa, 74 / 344-46 4. kaNTakAlagnabAlAgrAzcamarIzca marImRjAH / naravaraiH svairaho vyAghrAH sAnukampaM vyamocayan // prastuvAnA mahAvyAghrIrupetya mRgazAvakAH / svajananyAsthayA svaraM pItvA sma sukhamAsate / / AdipurANa 18/83-84 5. AdipurANa, 13/8 6. pradyumnacarita 5 / 64-66 7. pAdodakaprabhAveNa zarIraM tasya tatkSaNam / ratnarAzisamaM jAtaM parItaM citratejasA // jAto hemaprabhI pakSI pAdau vaiDUryasannibhau / nAnAratnaccha videhazcaJcurvidrumavibhramA / padmapurANa, 41 / 45-46 , 8. AdipurANa, 36 / 74 176 9. candraprabhacarita, 2/13-23 10. padmapurANa, 22 / 124-126 11. vahI, 105 / 26-46 12. uttarapurANa, 70 / 391-97 13. pratIhAramuptAn vipiviSNu janAn / 32 dUrato namata prekSya kimityetadacintayat / kiM nu svapno mayA dRSTaH kiM vA me manaso bhramaH / kiM vA kasyA'pi devasya citrametad vijRmbhitam / / pArzvanAthacarita, 3 / 1010-11 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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ina mahAkAvyoM meM apratyakSa alaukika zaktiyoM dvArA kie gae kArya bhI adbhuta rasa kA saMcAra karate haiN| padmapurANa meM rAvaNa ne tapasyA ke dvArA apane ko kisI bhI rUpa meM parivartita karane kI adbhuta zakti prApta kara lI thii| bhrAmarI vidyA kI sahAyatA se, uttarapurANa meM, rAjA azanighoSa ne svayaM ko anekAneka pratibimboM meM darzA kara, zatru ko vismita kara, saralatA se parAjita kara diyA / 2 jayanta vijaya mahAkAvya meM 'paMcaparameSThI' mantra ke smaraNamAtra se hI rAjA vikramasiMha kA bhayaMkara jaMgalI jAnavara, dAvAnala evaM rAkSasa Adi bhI kucha ahita nahIM kara paae|' mallinAthacarita meM kisI devI dvArA die gae ratna ke prabhAva se sArI zatru-senA yuddha-kSetra meM hI gaharI nIMda meM so gii| dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM devI aparAjitA kI adbhuta zakti ke adbhuta prabhAva kA ullekha, dRr3hapratijJa rAjA abhayaMkara ke prasaMga meM prApta hai| paurANika varNanoM ke prasaMga meM adbhuta rasa purANoM meM hI adhika prApta hotA hai| jinasenAcArya dvArA racita harivaMzapurANa meM, bAli ko vaza meM karane ke lie viSNukumAra muni dvArA baune kA rUpa dhAraNa kara, tIna pagoM meM tInoM lokoM ko nApa lene kA paurANika varNana sarvajJAta hai| punaH kavi ne jambU vRkSa kA adbhuta varNana kiyA hai| padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM kavi amaracandra sUri ne, apane puNya kAryoM dvArA zrIprabha vimAna meM pahuMca jAne para, rAjA mahAbala ke vismaya kA varNana 'zuddha sandehAlaMkAra' kA prayoga karake diyA hai| AdipurANa meM jinasena ke icchApUrti karane vAle kalpavRkSoM kA varNana diyA hai| ina kAvyoM meM bhAvI tIrthaMkaroM ke janma se pahale hI indra dvArA, unakI garbhavatI mAtAoM kI sevA-zuzrUSA hetu bhejI gaI apsarAoM kA varNana aneka bAra milatA hai / dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM kavi harizcandra ne svarga se nIce utaratI huI apsarAoM kA sundara varNana, rAjA mahAsena aura usake rAjakarmacAriyoM ke tarka-vitarka meM 'nizcayagarbha sandehAlaMkAra' dvArA kiyA hai| AdipurANa meM vRSabhadhvaja tIrthaMkara ke janma para indra dvArA rUpa badalakara kie gaye nRtya kA sundara varNana hai|" munisuvratamahAkAvya meM kavi arhaddAsa ne airAvata hAthI kA bilkula navIna aura AzcaryotpAdaka varNana kiyA hai| isameM ekAvalI alaMkAra darzanIya hai| atyadhika sauMdarya-varNana ke prasaMga meM adbhuta rasa purANoM kI apekSA mahAkAvyoM meM adhika prApta hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM 1. padmapurANa,887-89 2. uttarapurANa, 62/278-76 3. jayantavijaya, 227 4. mallinAthacarita, 1272-74 5. athAkasmAd dviSacchedadakSiNo'pi na dakSiNaH / bAhurbabhUva bhUbhaH khaDgavyApAraNakSamaH / / bAhastambhena tenoccaransaHsantApavAn nRpaH / mantrAnnigrahamApannaH pannagendra ivAbhavat / / dharmAbhyudaya, 2247-48 6. harivaMzapurANa, 20/53-54 7. vahI, 5177-83 8. suptotthita iva pazyanniti citte so'tha cintayAmAsa, ki svapna: ? ki mAyA ? kimindrajAlam ? kimIdRgidam ? mAmuddizya kimetat pravartate prItikAri saMgItam ? parivAro'yaM vinayI svAmIyati mAM samagraH kim / / padmAnanda, 4/12-13 6. AdipurANa,641-48 10. tArakAH kva na divoditA to vidya to'pi na viytynmbde| kvApyanedhasi na vahnayo mahastatkimetaditi dattavismayA: / / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 5/2 11. AdipurANa, 14130-131 12. dvAvizadAsyAni mukhe'STadatA daMte'bdhirabdhau bisinI bisinyAm / dvAtriMzadabjAni dalA ni cAbje dvAtriMzardidra dviradasya rejuH / / jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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jinasenAcArya ne vRSabhadhvaja tIrthakara ke zArIrika saundarya kI apekSA guNoM para adhika mahattva diyA hai|' citra meM citrita rukmiNI ke saundarya ko dekhakara zrIkRSNa ke vismaya kA varNana, mahAsenAcArya ne apane pradyumnacarita meM 'sandehAlaMkAra' dvArA kiyA hai| isI prakAra 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' mahAkAvya meM apanI bhAvI putravadhU ko citra-likhita dekhakara rAjA mahAsena ke Azcarya kA citraNa, kavi harizcandra ne 'ghuNAkSaranyAya' kI kalpanA dvArA kiyA hai|' punaH svAmI dharmanAtha ke saundarya ko dekhakara vidarbha striyoM meM unake candramA kAmadeva kRSNa aura kubera hone kA sandeha utpanna hotA hai| lekina cUMki ye sabhI doSayukta haiM aura dharmanAtha doSa-rahita haiM, ata: unake prati ina sabake sandeha kA nivAraNa kara diyA gayA hai|' yadyapi ye cAroM kramazaH pavitratA, saundarya, parAkrama aura aizvarya ke pratIka haiM, lekina kavi ne inake lie aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jo inake doSa ko svayaM hI sUcita karate haiN| yahAM para 'vyatirekAlaMkAra' varNana kI zobhA ko bar3hA detA hai| vasantavilAsa mahAkAvya meM vasantapAla mantrI kA asAdhAraNa saundarya vanadevatAoM meM bhI usake indra, sUrya, candramA yA kAmadeva hone kA bhrama utpanna kara detA hai| zAntinAthacarita meM kanakadhI ko guNavarmA svayaM 'brahmA' dvArA 'ghuNAkSaranyAya' kI bhAMti racita racanA pratIta hotA hai| usI kAvya meM induSeNa aura binduSeNa 'zrIkAntA' kI atulanIya sundaratA ko dekhakara use urvazI, pArvatI aura lakSmI samajha baiThate haiN| kavi vIranandi ne apane candraprabhacarita meM rAjA ajitasena ke saundarya ke varNana meM apanI adbhuta kalpanA-zakti kA paricaya diyA hai| 'utprekSAlaMkAra' kA prayoga advitIya evaM maulika hai| dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM kavi udayaprabhasUri ne, kubar3e hone para bhI rAjA nala dvArA eka bhayaMkara aura madamasta hAthI ko vaza meM karane ke varNana meM adbhuta rasa kA saMcAra kiyA hai| kevala padmapurANa meM hI kalA-cAturI ke prasaMga meM adbhuta rasa dRSTigocara hotA hai| zatruoM meM bhrama utpanna karane ke lie kalAkAroM ne rAjA janaka aura rAjA dazaratha ke putale itanI kuzalatA aura sUkSmatA se banAye ki ve aura vAstavika rAjA sabhI dRSTiyoM se bilkula eka-jaise the, sivAya isake ki eka sajIva the to dUsare nirjIva / bhASA kI subodhatA aura prasaMgAnukUla utprekSA, atizayokti aura sandehAlaMkAra kA prayoga rasa ke saundarya ko dvigaNita kara detA hai| zAnta rasa jaina darzana ke anusAra viSaya-bhogoM kA bhoga kie binA koI 'ratnatraya' prApta nahIM kara sktaa| ata: anya rasoM kA bhI jaina kaviyoM ne vistata citraNa to kiyA hai lekina phira bhI ye kAvya zAntarasa-pradhAna hI haiN| pahale vaNita rasa manuSya-jIvana ke pUrvapakSa ko dyotita karate haiM to zAntarasa uttarapakSa ko| 1. harivaMzapurANa, 6/148-5 2. surendrarAmA kima kinnarAMganA kimindukAntA pramadAtha bhUbhRtAm / nabhaHsadA strI uta yakSakanyakA dhRtiH kSamAzrIratha bhAratI ratiH / / kimaMgakItiH kimu nAganAyakA jitAnyakAMtAjanikAMti bibhrtii| vapuH kRtA lekhyapadaM vikalpino mameti keyaM vada tAta sundarI / pradya mnacarita, 2/51-52 3. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 6/34-35 4. kimeNa ketuH kimasAvanaMgaH kRSNo'thavA ki kimaso kuberaH / ___ loke'thavAmI vikalAMgazobhA ko'pyanya evaiSa vizeSitazrIH / / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 17/101 5. vasantavilAsa, 13/38 6. zAntinAthacarita, 16/53-56 7. vahI, 2/63-66 8. anyonyasaMhatakarAMgulibAhuyugmamanyA nidhAya nijamUrdhani jmbhmaannaa| taddarzanAtmavizato hRdaye smarasya mAMgalyatoraNamibokSipatI rarAja / candraprabhacarita, 7/87 6. dharmAbhyudaya, 11/431-433 10. padmapurANa, 23/41-44 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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raviSeNAcArya ne bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se viSaya-bhogoM ke svabhAva kA citraNa karate hue kahA hai ki ve bAhya rUpa meM cAhe kitane hI madhura aura mIThe kyoM na pratIta hoveM, parantu anta meM bhayaMkara pariNAma vAle hI hote haiN|' AdipurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne bahuta hI kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se viSaya-bhogoM kI AkarSaNa-zakti ke bAre meM batalAyA hai ki kisa prakAra ve manuSya ko apanI tarapha AkarSita kara use anucita mArga para le jAte haiN|' kavi ne punaH maulika va prasaMgAnukUla 'mAlopamA' kA prayoga kara sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM meM Asakta manuSya kI kaTu AlocanA punaH kavi dvArA vyAvahArika, sajIva va yathArtha upamA dekara manuSyoM kI viSaya-bhogoM ke pIche bhAgane kI svAbhAvika pravRtti ko sundara DhaMga se citrita kiyA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM kavi harizcandra ne ina sAMsArika bhogoM kI tulanA mRgamarIcikA se karake yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki kevala eka mUrkha hI inase AkarSita ho sakatA hai, buddhimAna nahIM / kavi amaracandrasUri ne svAbhAvika aura sundara 'mAlopamA' dvArA prArambha meM sundara lagane vAle, lekina bAda meM manuSya ko naSTa karane vAle viSaya-bhogoM kA citraNa kiyA hai| ____ kabhI zAnta na hone vAlI manuSya kI tRSNA, abhayadevasUri ke anusAra, kevala vairAgya kA Azraya lekara hI zAnta kI jA sakatI hai, anyathA nhiiN| __ ina mahAkAvyoM meM lakSmI kI kaTu AlocanA kI gaI hai| vaha to eka vezyA ke samAna avizvasanIya evaM manuSya ko pratAr3anA dene vAlI hai| - dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM kavi udayaprabhasUri ne bahutoM ke dvArA bhoga kara chor3I gaI lakSmI ke svabhAva kA anuprAsa-mizrita upamA dvArA bahuta sundara, sajIva va kAvyAtmaka varNana kiyA hai| amaracandrasUri ne apane padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM lakSmI kI caJcalatA va asthiratA kA evaM kisI ke dvArA bhI use vaza meM na kie jA sakane kA varNana bahuta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kiyA hai|" zAnta rasa ke prasaMga meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA striyoM kI bhI kaTu AlocanA kI gaI hai| padmapurANa meM raviSeNAcArya ne eka sundara 'rUpaka' dvArA striyoM kI bhartsanA kI hai|" uttarapurANa meM bhI guNabhadrAcArya ne striyoM ke madhya meM sthita jambUkumAra kI mAnasika avasthA kA varNana sundara aura prabhAvazAlI 1. asidhArAmadhusvAdasamaM viSayajaM sukham / dagdhe candanavadivyaM cakriNAM saviSAnnavat / / padmapurANa, 105/180 2. AdipurANa, 5/128-26 3. vahI, 11/174-203 4. prApito'pyasakRdu:khaM bhogastAneva yAcate / dhatte'vatADito'pyati mAtrAsyA eva bAlakaH // AdipurANa, 46 203 5. aherivApAtamanorameSu bhogeSu naH vizvasimaH kathaMcit / mRgaH satRSNo mRgatRSNikAsu pratAryate toyadhiyA na dhImAn // dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 4/54 6. kaivataMko mAMsakaNajhaSAniva vyAdhaH sugItAdhigamamagAniva / sUnAdhipo ghAsalavairavI niva krUro mRdUktiprakarairnarAniva / / mUrkha: kupathya riva rogayogino mUDhaH kubodhairiva mugdhadhIyutAm / ApAtaramya: pariNAmadAruNaH kliznAti moho viSaya : zArIriNaH // padmAnanda, 3/40-41 7. vividhavibhavabhogabhUritRSNA jvaralaharIva bhavAvadhiprarUDhA / janayati hRdi tApamitya mandaM prazamaya nispRhatAsudhArasaistAm / / jayantavijaya, 12/55 8. vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 2/68 6. ahamasyA: pati: seyaM marmavetyabhimAninaH / yuvA bhogArthinaH ke vA vezyayeva na vaJcitAH / / patnapAnIva dhAtrIya bhuktvA tyaktA mahAtmabhiH / vigRhya gRhyate lubdhaiH kukkurairiva ThakkuraiH / / 10. padmAnanda, 6/27-33 11. padmapurANa, 15/179-80 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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'mAlopamA' dvArA yaha pramANita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki eka bAra striyoM ke caMgula meM phaMsA manuSya, apanA nAza kie binA, bAhara nahIM nikala sktaa| 'jayantavijaya' meM abhaya devasUri ne strI kI tulanA pataMgoM kA vinAza karane vAlI zamA se kI hai|' 'mallinAthacarita' meM vinayacaMdra sUri dvArA, ve bAhya rUpa meM hI sundara batalAI gaI haiN|' pradyumnacarita meM mahAsenAcArya ne upamAoM dvArA viSaya-bhogoM kI nirarthakatA ko darzAyA hai| sabhI upamAeM ina bhogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA, sArahInatA aura nirarthakatA kI ora saMketa karatI haiM / kavi ne eka saMkSipta se zloka dvArA itanI arthayuktiyoM ko dhvanita kiyA hai| kavi harizcandra ne 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' meM ulkA-pAta dekhakara rAjA mahAsena kA rAjya se vimukha ho jAne kA varNana navIna aura anUThe DhaMga se hI kiyA hai| neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM vAgbhaTTa dvArA svAmI neminAtha ke mukhAravinda se janasAdhAraNa ko viSaya-bhogoM se dUra rahane kA upadeza karavAyA gayA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM jinasenAcArya ne saba sAMsArika vastuoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA varNana kiyA hai| jaba puNyAtmA devatA bhI apane priyajanoM se bichur3a jAte haiM to manuSya kA to kahanA hI kyA ?" kavi dhanajaya ne to apane 'dvisaMdhAna' mahAkAvya meM viSaya-bhogoM, lakSmI aura Ayu kI asthiratA aura caJcalatA kA varNana maulika, sajIva aura prabhAvazAlI upamAoM dvArA kiyA hai, jo anya kisI bhI sAhitya meM durlabha hai| 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' mahAkAvya meM kavi harizcandra ne eka bahuta hI anUThI aura kAvyAtmaka upamA dekara yuvAvasthA kI asthiratA kA varNana bahuta hI rocaka DhaMga se kiyA hai| yahAM 'AkarNapUrNa' zabda kA apanA mahattva hai| yaha atyadhika saundarya ko dhvanita karatA hai / vRddhAvasthA kI jhurriyoM kI tulanA saritAoM se kI gaI hai kyoMki ve AkRti va rUpa meM unake samAna hotI haiN| saritAoM ke nirantara pravAha se, vRddhAvasthA ke Ane para saundarya kA zIghra hI naSTa ho jAnA dyotita hotA hai| zAntinAthacarita' meM munibhadrAcArya do saMkSipta padyoM meM sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM ke asthAyI, kSaNika aura nazvara svarUpa ko citrita karate haiN|" saba udAharaNa jaina darzana meM varNita bAraha bhAvanAoM meM se 'anityabhAvanA' ke antargata samAviSTa haiN| ina kAvyoM meM zAnta rasa ke kucha aise bhI udAharaNa prApya haiM jinameM jaina darzana kI 'saMsAra-bhAvanA' parilakSita hotI hai| raviSeNAcArya ne eka choTe se anuSTup dvArA saMsAra ke svarUpa kA sundara citraNa apane 'padmapurANa' meM kiyA hai| 'upamA' apane Apa meM aneka bAtoM ko sUcita karatI hai| jisa prakAra araghaTTa meM kucha bAlTiyA~ pUrI bharI hotI haiM to kucha AdhI bharI hotI haiM to kucha anya 1. kanyakAnAM kumAraM taM tAsAM madhyamadhiSThitam / viz2ambhamANasadbuddhi pajarastha mivANDajam / / jAlalagnaNapotaM vA bhadraM vA kujarAdhipam / apArakardame magna siMha vA lohapajare / / uttarapurANa, 76/64-65 2. jayantavijaya, 12/54 3. mallinAthacarita, 5/198-201 4 svapnendrajAla phenendumgtRssnnendrcaapvt| sarveSAM sampadatyataM jIvitaM ca zarIriNAm / / pradya mnacarita, 12/56 5. niyamya yadAjyataNe'pi pAlitaM tavodayAtprAggahamaikasattvavat / vibandhanaM tadviSayeSu niHspRha mano banAyaiva mamAdya dhAvati / / dharmazAbhyudaya, 18/7 6. neminirvANa, 13/24 / 7. harivaMzapurANa, 16.37-38 8. tathAhi bhogAH stanayitnusannibhAH gajAnanAdhUnanacaJcalA: zriyaH / ninAdinADindhamakaNThanADivacalAcalaM na sthiramAyaraMginAm / / dvisaMdhAna, 6/45 6. AkarNapUrNa kuTilAlakomi rarAja lAvaNyasaro yadaMge / valicchalAtsAraNidhoraNIbhi: pravAhyate tajjarasA narasya / / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 458 10. zAntinAthacarita, 13/441 11. araghaTTa ghaTIyantrasadRzAH prANadhAriNaH / zazvadbhavamahAkape bhramantyatyantadu:khitAH // padmapurANa, 6/82 36 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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pUrI hI khAlI hotI haiM aura unakA yaha krama nirantara calatA hI rahatA hai| yahAM mRtyu kI tulanA khAlI bAlTiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai aura aura bharI huI kI jIvana se / jisa prakAra ye bAlTiyAM khAlI hotI rahatI haiM aura phira bharatI rahatI haiM, usI prakAra isa saMsAra-rUpI kueM meM manuSya janma aura mRtyu ke cakkara meM nirantara hI ghUmatA rahatA hai| kavi ne punaH 'paramparita rUpakAlaMkAra' kA prayoga kara saMsAra-rUpI samudra ke sabhI pakSoM ko sundaratA se ubhArA hai| svAmI vRSabhanAtha ke mukhAravinda se udayaprabhasUri ne 'dharmAbhyudaya' mahAkAvya meM saMsAra kI tulanA eka vana se karavAI hai| kavi ne punaH usI kAvya meM saMsAra ko vana-sadRza mAnakara usameM vyApta janma-mRtyu, kaSAya, yama, bImArI, Ayu, viSaya-bhogoM Adi sabakA paramparita rUpakoM dvArA kalAtmaka varNana kiyA hai|' jo utpanna huA hai, usakI mRtyu bhI avazya hI hogii| ina kAvyoM meM isa prakAra ke udAharaNa jaina darzana kI 'azaraNa bhAvanA' ke antargata sammilita kie jA sakate haiN| padmapurANa meM jaba rAjA sagara apane putroM ke bhasma kara die jAne para kAruNika vilApa karate haiM to unake amAtya yama ke caMgula se kisI ke bhI na bacane kA varNana kara sAMtvanA dete hue unheM zokamukta karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| jinasenAcArya ne AdipurANa meM yama va usakI senA kA varNana karane meM nissaMdeha apanI kalpanA-zakti kA adbhuta paricaya diyA hai| pradyumnacarita meM mahAsenAcArya kA yama dvArA vivekarahita hokara sabhI ko grasita karane kA varNana prabhAvazAlI bana par3A hai| isI prakAra kA samAna varNana harizcandra ne dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM bhI kiyA hai| ina kAvyoM meM dharma kI prazaMsA karane vAle padya jaina darzana kI 'dharma-bhAvanA' meM Ate haiM / dharma hI isa saMsAra ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai aura nirvANa-prApti karavAtA hai| jinasenAcArya ne AdipurANa meM dharma ko hI sarvasva mAnA hai| amaracandrasUri ke anusAra to dharmayukta manuSya hI vAstava meM manuSya kahalAe jAne yogya hai| sabhI upamAoM kA apanA-apanA mahattva hai| sarala bhASA evaM kamanIya tathA kAnta padAvalI kA prayoga varNana ko aura bhI rocaka banA detA hai| yadyapi dharma meM dasa guNoM kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| parantu ina kAvyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se satya, saMyama aura tapa para hI adhika bala diyA gayA hai| mallinAthacarita meM vinayacandrasUri ne satya kA mahattva eka 'mAlopamA' dvArA darzAyA hai|" nirvANa-prApti ke lie apanI indriyoM aura mana ko vaza meM rakhanA atyAvazyaka hai| raviSeNAcArya ne eka sundara 'rUpaka' kA prayoga 1. padmapurANa, 31/86-88 2. mohabhillezapallIva tadidaM bhavakAnanam / __ puNyaratnaharaiH krUraizcauraiH rAgAdibhivRtam // dharmAbhyudaya, 3/342 3. dharmAbhyudaya, 8/174-76 4. padmapurANa, 5,271-73 5. agresarI jarAtakAH pANigrahAstarasvinaH / ___ kaSAyATavikaH sAddhaM yamarADDamarodyamI / / AdipurANa, 8/72 6. bAla kumAramatirUpayutaM vidagdhaM medhAvinaM viSamazIlamayo suzIlam / zaraM na kAtaranaraM gaNayatyakANDe nenIyate nikhilajantugaNaM hi mRtyuH / / pradyumnacarita, 13/13 7. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 20/20 8. AdipurANa, 5/17-18 6. toyeneva sara: thiyeva vibhutA seneva susvAminA jIveneva kalevaraM jaladharazreNIva vRssttithiyaa| prAsAdastridazAyeva sarasatveneva kAvya priya: premNeva pratibhAsate na hi vinA dharmeNa jantuH kvacit / / padmapurANa, 14/196 10. uttamakSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanya brahmacaryANi dharma / tattvArthasUtra, 16 11. yathA puNTraNa rAmAyA vaktrAmbhoja vibhuupyte| yathA gaMgApravAheNa pUyate bhubanatayam // yathA ca zobhate kAvyaM sArthayA pdshyyyaa| tathA satyena manuja ihA'mutra virAjate / / mallinAthacarita, 7/63-64 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana

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kara indriyoM ko niyantraNa meM rakhane kA upadeza diyA hai| yahAM kavi para kaThopaniSad kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| padmapurANa meM tapa aura saMyama ko nirvANa-prApti kA sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai| to pradyumnacarita meM tapa ko saMsAra-rUpI bhavasAgara ko pAra karane kA sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai| __ ahiMsA para ina kAvyoM meM prabhUta bala diyA gayA hai| yahAM taka ki hiMsA ke bAre meM socane-mAtra se hI manuSya ke sAre puNya naSTa ho jAte haiN| ___ 'ratnatraya' jaina darzana kI apanI anupama dena hai| yaha samyagdarzana, samyagcAritra va samyagjJAna kA pratIka hai| jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM bhI ratnatraya' ko ananta sukha aura mokSa ko dene vAlA mAnA gayA hai| lekina ye tInoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka hI haiN| pahale ke binA dUsarA adhUrA hai to dUsare ke binA tiisraa| ina mahAkAvyoM meM aneka sthaloM para bhautika zarIra ke prati ghRNita bhAva parilakSita hote haiM jo jaina darzana kI 'azuci-bhAvanA' ke antargata Ate haiM / padmapurANa meM lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ho jAne para, vibhISaNa rAma ko zarIra kI apavitratA ke bAre meM batalAkara DhAr3hasa baMdhAte haiN| AdipurANa meM jinasenAcArya ne zarIra ke prati apane jugupsita bhAvoM ko kAvyAtmaka rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai| isI prakAra dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM bhI isa nazvara zarIra ko malamUtra-Adi ghRNita padArthoM kA saMgraha batalAyA gayA hai| ina kAvyoM meM cAra kaSAyoM kI AlocanA bhI kI gaI hai| candraprabhacarita meM kavi vIranandi ne ina kaSAyoM ke svarUpa tathA inako dUra karane ke upAya kA varNana eka sundara rUpaka dvArA kiyA hai| padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM bhI svAmI vRSabhadhvaja ne ina kaSAyoM kA tathA inase prApta hone vAlI gatiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| pratyeka paMkti meM 'catuH' kA prayoga darzanIya hai| " isI kAvya meM kavi amaracandrasUri ne punaH sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM aura vAstavika sukhoM kA paraspara virodha rocaka zailI dvArA pratipAdita kiyA hai / 12 ina mahAkAvyoM meM zAnta rasa ke prasaMga meM, apane Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa se anabhijJa, tapa meM lIna mahAtmAoM kA bhI sundara va sajIva varNana prApya hai| AdipurANa meM tapolIna rAjA mahAbala kevala 'paramAtmA' ko hI dekhatA hai, sunatA hai va usI ke nAma kA uccAraNa karatA hai| 1. parastrIrUpasasyeSu bibhrANA lobhamuttamam / bhamI hRSIkaturagA dhRtmohmhaajvaaH|| zarIrarathamunmuktAH pAtayanti kuvamasu / cittapragrahamatyantaM yogyaM kuruta tadRDham // padmapurANa, 36/123-24 2. kaThopaniSad, 1/3/3-4 3. padmapurANa, 36/126 4. pradyumnacarita, 13/24 5. tanotu jantu: zata zastapAMsi dadAtu dAnAni nirantarANi / karoti cet prANivadhe'bhilASaM vyarthAni sarvANyapi tAni tasya / / neminirvANa, 13/18 6. candraprabhacarita, 7/51-52 7. padmapurANa, 117/13 8. nirantarathavotkothanavadvArazarIrakam / kRmipuJjacitAbhasmaviSThAniSThaM vinazvaram / / AdipurANa, 45/160 6. dharmAbhyudaya, 6/75-76 10. kaSAyasArendhanabaddhapaddhatirbhavAgniruttuMgataraH samutthitaH / / na zAntimAyAti bhRzaM parijvalanna yadyayaM jJAnajalaniSicyate / / candraprabhacarita, 11/19 11. catuSkaSAyaiH skhalitAH pRthak pRthaka caturvidhaiH sajvalanAdibhedataH / caturgAtasthaprabhavA bhave'ginaH prayAnti nAnantacatuSTayaM padam // padmAnanda, 12/40 12. tRSNAtiraskariNyaiva pihito'sti sukhodayaH / yAvatyutsAyaMte seyaM tAvAnayamavekSyate // pamAnanda, 16/266 13. cakSuSI paramAtmAnamadraSTAmasya yogtH| azroSTA paramaM manvaM zrotre jihvA tamApaThat / / AdipurANa, 5/246 38 AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM kavi harizcandra dvArA tapasyAlIna dharmanAtha svAmI kA varNana sajIva hone ke sAtha-sAtha kAvyAtmaka bhI hai|' isI prakAra kA varNana bAhubali ke prasaMga meM, amaracandra sUri dvArA padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM bhI diyA gayA hai| ina mahAkAvyoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki sAMsArika bhogoM se virakti kA kAraNa acAnaka hI kisI ghaTanA kA ghaTita ho jAnA hai| inameM se 'ulkApAta' vairAgya utpanna karane kA mukhya preraka banA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM svAmI dharmanAtha acAnaka 'ulkApAta' ko dekhakara saMsAra se vimukha ho jAte haiN| yahAM jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kI tulanA padmapatra kI noka para sthita pAnI kI bUMda se karake, kavi ne apanI maulika pratibhA kA pramANa diyA hai| kabhI-kabhI AkAza meM lupta hotA huA bAdala, vRddhAvasthA tathA kamala meM banda mRta bhauMrA bhI virakti kA kAraNa banA hai| candra-grahaNa aura analaMkRta zarIra bhI vairAgya kA preraka banA hai| kevala padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM hI kavi amaracandrasUri ne 'mokSAvasthA' kA varNana kiyA hai| yaha padya jainadarzana kI 'nirvANa-bhAvanA' ke antargata AtA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi zAnta rasa kA varNana bharata dvArA apane nATyazAstra meM nahIM kiyA gayA thA, lekina bAda meM ise jor3a diyA gyaa| isase zAnta rasa kI svIkRti meM bauddha aura jaina darzana kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| jaina mahAkAvyoM ke kaviyoM ne zAnta rasa ke prasaMga meM, jaina darzana meM varNita lagabhaga sabhI 12 anuprekSAoM yA bhAvanAoM kA varNana apane kAvyoM meM kiyA hai| ina mahAkAvyoM meM sabhI rasoM kA vizleSaNa karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki inake lekhakoM ne manuSya-jIvana ke cAroM puruSArthoM para samAna bala diyA hai, yadyapi pradhAnatA zAnta rasa kI hI hai| prastuta lekha meM unnIsa jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kA rasa kI dRSTi se AlocanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yahAM para kucha inegine padyoM ko hI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa, sabhI rasoM kA alaga-alaga vibhAga-upavibhAga banAkara ullekha kiyA jAnA sambhava nahIM ho skaa| lekina ina kAvyoM meM kisa prakAra sabhI rasoM kA kAvyAtmaka nirUpaNa jaina kaviyoM dvArA kitanI sundaratA se kiyA gayA hai, isakA kevala digdarzana mAtra hI pAThakoM ko karavAyA gayA hai| vistRta jAnakArI, samIkSA va AlocanA ke lie lekhikA dvArA likhita zodha-prabandha pddh'eN| 1. dharmazarmAbhya daya, 20/41 2. padmAnanda, 17/363 3. vAtAndolatpaminIpallavAmbho binducchAyAbhaMguraM jIvitavyam / tatsaMsArAsArasaukhyAya kasmAjjantustAmyatyabdhivIcIcalAya / / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 20/14 4. harivaMzapurANa, 16/45, vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita, 2/65-68 5. padmapurANa, 26/73 evaM 32/66; dvisaMdhAna, 4/1-6 jayantavijaya, 18/52, candraprabhacarita, 1/68 6. padmapurANa, 5/311, AdipurANa, 8/72 7. mokSAptau na jarA nAdhina vyAdhirna zuco na bhIH / na mRtyurna parAvRttiH prApyante punarAtmanA / / padmAnanda, 14/203 8. "Rasa in the Jaina Sanskrit Mahakauyas" From 8th to 15th Cent. A.D; Deptt. of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, 1977 (isa zodha-prabandha kA prakAzana apekSita hai|) jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 36