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________________ jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara : eka vivecanA 1. jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara kA sthAna jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara ko dharmatIrtha kA saMsthApaka kahA gayA hai| 'namotthuNaM' nAmaka prAcIna prAkRta stotra meM tIrthaMkara ko dharma kI Adi karane vAlA, dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAlA, dharma kA pradAtA, dharma kA upadezaka, dharma kA netA, dharmamArga kA sArathI aura dharmacakravartI kahA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne ekamata se yaha mAnA hai ki samaya-samaya para dharmacakra pravartana hetu tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA rahatA hai| jainadharma kA tIrthaMkara gItA kA avatAra ke samAna dharma kA saMsthApaka to hai kintu duSToM kA damana evaM sajjanoM kI rakSA karane vAlA nahIM hai| jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara lokakalyANa Share mAtra dharmamArga kA pravartana karate haiM kintu apanI vItarAgatA, karmasiddhAnta kI sarvoparitA evaM ahiMsaka sAdhanA kI pramukhatA ke kAraNa hindUdharma ke avatAra kI bhA~ti ve apane bhaktoM ke kaSToM ko dUra karane hetu duSToM kA damana nahIM karate haiN| jaina-dharma meM tIrthaMkara kA kArya hai svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA aura lokamaMgala ke lie usa satyamArga yA samyak mArga kA pravartana karanA / ve dharmamArga ke upadeSTA aura dharma mArga para calane vAloM ke mArgadarzaka haiN| unake jIvana kA lakSya hotA hai, svayaM ko saMsAra cakra se mukta karanA, AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta karanA aura dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI isa mukti aura AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke lie prerita karanA aura unakI sAdhanA meM sahayoga pradAna karanA / tIrthaMkara ko saMsAra samudra se pAra hone vAlA aura dUsaroM ko pAra karAne vAlA kahA gayA hai|' ve puruSottama haiN| unheM siMha ke samAna zUravIra, puNDarIka kamala ke samAna vareNya aura gaMdhahastI ke samAna zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| ve loka meM uttama, loka ke nAtha, loka ke hitakartA tathA dIpaka ke samAna loka ko prakAzita karane vAle kahe gaye haiN| - 2. tIrthaMkara zabda kA artha aura itihAsa dharmapravartaka ke lie jaina paraMparA meM sAmAnyatayA arahaMta, jina, tIrthaMkara - ina zabdoM kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| jaina paraMparA DaoN. ramezacandra gupta....... meM tIrthaMkara zabda kaba astitva meM AyA, yaha kahanA to kaThina hai kintu niHsaMdeha yaha aitihAsika kAla meM pracalati thA / bauddha sAhitya meM aneka sthAnoM para 'tIrthaMkara' zabda prayukta huA hai, dIghanikAya ke sAmaJJaphalasutta meM chaha anya tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha milatA hai / 3 20 jainAgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura bhagavatI meM tIrthaMkara zabda kA prayoga huA hai| saMskRta meM tIrtha zabda ghATa yA nadI ke tIra kA sUcaka hai| vastutaH jo kinAre se lagAe vaha tIrtha hai| dhArmika jagat meM bhavasAgara se kinAre lagAne vAlA yA pAra karAne vAlA tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| tIrtha zabda kA eka artha dharmazAsana hai| isI AdhAra para saMsAra - samudra se pAra karAne vAle evaM dharmatIrtha (dharmazAsana) kI sthApanA karane vAle ko tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra evaM sthAnAMga meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha dharmoM kA pAlana karane vAle sAdhakoM ke cAra prakAra batAe gae haiN| - zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA - isa caturvidha saMgha ko bhI tIrtha kahA jAtA hai tathA isa caturvidha saMgha ke saMsthApaka ko tIrthaMkara kahate hai / " vaise jaina sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara kA paryAyavAcI prAcIna zabda 'arahaMta' (arhat) hai| prAcInatama jainAgama AcArAMga meM isI zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM tIrtha kI vyAkhyA karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki 'jisake dvArA pAra huA jAtA hai, usako tIrtha kahate haiN|' isa AdhAra para jana-pravacana ko tathA jJAna aura cAritra se sampanna saMgha ko bhI tIrtha kahA gayA hai / punaH tIrtha ke 4 vibhAga kie gae 1. nAmatIrtha 2. sthApanAtIrtha 3. dravyatIrtha 4. bhAvatIrtha / DrumSom -
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka granya : jaina-dharma tIrtha nAma se sambodhita kie jAne vAle sthAna Adi nAma mUrkha (jar3a) hote haiM aura antima (tIrthaMkara) ke vakra jar3a hote -tIrtha kahe jAte haiN| jina sthAnoM para bhavya AtmAoM kA janma, haiM. jabaki madhyama ke Rja aura prAjJa hote haiN| isa gAthA se aisA makti Adi hotI hai aura unakI smRti meM maMdira, pratimA Adi lagatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke 23veM adhyAya ke racanAkAla taka sthApita kie jAte haiM, ve sthApanAtIrtha kahalAte haiN| jala meM tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA bana cakI hogii| isa gAthA se itanA DUbate hue vyakti ko pAra karAne vAle, manuSya kI pipAsA ko avazya phalita hotA hai ki usa yaga taka mahAvIra ko antima zAnta karane vAle aura manuSya-zarIra ke mala ko dUra karane vAle tathA pArzva ko unakA pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara aura RSabha ko prathama dravyatIrtha kahalAte haiN| jinake dvArA manuSya ke krodha Adi mAnasika tIrthaMkara mAnA jAne lagA hogaa| vaise tIrthaMkara kI vikasita vikAsa dUra hote haiM tathA vyakti bhavasAgara se pAra hotA hai, vaha avadhAraNA hameM mAtra samavAyAMga aura bhagavatI meM hI milatI hai| nirgrantha-pravacana bhAvatIrtha kahA jAtA hai| bhAvatIrtha pUrva saMcita samavAyAMga meM bhI yaha sArI carcA usake aMta meM joDI gaI hai| karmA ko dUra kara tapa, saMyama Adi ke dvArA AtmA ko zuddhi isase isakI parivartitA nizcita rUpa se siddha hotI hai| nandI meM karane vAlA hotA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA sthApita caturvidha saMgha bhI samavAyAMga kI viSaya-vasta kI carcA meM prakIrNaka samavAya kA saMsArarUpI samudra se pAra karAne vAlA hone se bhAvatIrtha kahA ullekha hI nahIM hai| sambhavataH AcArAMga ke prathama zrataskaMdha ke jAtA hai| isa bhAvatIrtha ke saMsthApaka hI tIrthaMkara kahe jAte haiN|6|| racanAkAla taka na to tIrthaMkaroM kI 24 kI saMkhyA nizcita huI tIrthaMkara zabda kA ullekha sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI aura na yaha nizcita huA thA ki ye tIrthaMkara kauna-kauna haiN| jJAtAdharmakathA, prazravyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai sthAnAMga meM RSabha, pArzva aura vardhamAna ke atirikta vAriSeNa kintu kAlakrama kI dRSTi se ye sabhI Agama paravartI mAne gae haiN| kA ullekha huA hai, kintu vartamAna meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM AcArAMga 1, sUtrakRtAMga 1, uttarAdhyayana, avadhAraNA meM vAriSeNa kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| sambhAvanA hai dazavaikAlika aura RSibhASita Ate haiM kintu ina Agama-graMthoM ki Age vAriSeNa ke sthAna para ariSTanemi ko samAhita kiyA meM kevala uttarAdhyayana meM hI tthiyara' zabda milatA hai| anya gayA hogA, kyoMki mathurA meM jo mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, unameM RSabha, kisI bhI prAcIna stara ke grantha meM yaha zabda upalabdha nahIM hai| ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kA ullekha hai| pArzva aura mahAvIra AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita aura kI aitihAsikatA to sunizcita hI hai| ariSTanemi aura RSabha uttarAdhyayana meM arahaMta zabda kA prayoga hI adhika huA hai| kI aitihAsikatA ke sambandha meM bhI kucha AdhAra mila sakate tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa mukhya rUpa se arahaMta kI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ariSTanemi ko bhagavAna lokanAtha aura avadhAraNA se huA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrataskandha meM bhatakAla damIzvara kI upAdhi dI gaI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki aura bhaviSyatkAla ke arhantoM kI avadhAraNA milatI hai| phira jaina-paramparA ke sAhitya meM jina Agamika graMthoM ko dvitIya bhI isa ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki usa yuga meM yaha vicAra dRDha stara kA mAnA gayA hai, unameM hI tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA kA ho gayA thA ki bhUtakAla meM kucha aha~t ho cuke haiM, vartamAna meM vikasita rUpa dekhA jAtA hai| sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika AdhAroM kucha ahaMta haiM aura bhaviSyakAla meM kucha aha~ta hoNge| saMbhavataH se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI meM 24 yahI vartamAna, bhUta aura bhAvI tIrthakaroM kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa kA AdhAra rahA hogaa| sUtrakatAMga meM bhI hameM 'araha' zabda milatA tA 3. tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA hai, tIrthaMkara zabda nahIM miltaa| prAcIna granthoM meM sabase pahale hameM uttarAdhyayana meM 'titthayara' zabda milatA hai| isake 23 veM adhyAya pUrvakAla meM tIrthaMkara kA jIva bhI hamArI taraha hI krodha, meM arhata pArzva aura bhagavAna vardhamAna ko dharma-tIrthakara (dhamma mAna, mAyA, lobha, indriyasukha Adi jAgatika pralobhanoM meM pha~sA ....titthayare) yaha vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke isI huA thaa| pUrva janmoM meM mahApuruSoM ke satsaMga se usake jJAna-netra 23veM adhyAya kI 26vIM evaM 27vIM gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki khulate haiM, vaha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pragati karatA hai aura tIrthaMkara pahale (tIrthaMkara) ke sAdhu Rju jar3a arthAt saralacitta aura wordarodukrabrdworansarorandednoramidnirorandird-21HAirirandirooridododmrodwidwidwaridwoard
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma nAma-karma kA upArjana kara tIrthaMkara banane kI yogyatA prApta kara 4. tIrthaMkara aura arihaMta letA hai|19 antima jIvana (bhava) meM svayaM satya kA anAvaraNa yadyapi prAcIna AgamoM meM arihaMta aura tIrthaMkara paryAyavAcI kara kevala jJAna prApta karatA hai| jainadharma meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA rahe haiN| parantu paravartI jaina vidvAnoM ne unameM aMtara kiyA hai| unhoMne gayA hai ki koI bhI bhavya jIva tapa aura sAdhanA ke dvArA zarIra sahita mukta-avasthA ke do bheda kie haiN| ve arihaMta' jinake tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana kara sakatA hai aura jisa bhava vizeSa puNya ke kAraNa kalyANaka mahotsava manAe jAte haiM, tIrthaMkara (janma) meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karatA hai, usake tRtIya kahalAte haiN| zeSa sAmAnya arhanta kahalAte haiN| kevalajJAna arthAt bhava meM vaha niyamataH tIrthaMkara banatA hai|12 jaina-mAnyatA ke sarvajJatva se yukta hone ke kAraNa inheM kevalI bhI kahate haiN| 53 anusAra pUrva bhava meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karane vAlI AtmA jaba varmatAna bhava meM sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se jJAnAvaraNIya, upAdhyAya amaramunijI tIrthaMkara aura arhat kA bheda spaSTa darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura aMtarAya karma naSTa karake kevala karate hue likhate haiM ki 'aneka lokopakArI siddhiyoM ke svAmI jJAna aura kevala darzana ko prApta karatI hai aura sAdhu, sAdhvI, tIrthaMkara hote haiM, jabaki dUsare mukta hone vAle AtmA aise nahIM hote arthAt na to ve tIrthaMkara jaise mahAn dharma-pracAraka hI hote haiM zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karatI hai, taba vaha aura na hI itanI alaukika yogasiddhiyoM ke svAmI hii| sAdhAraNa vastutaH tIrthaMkara kahalAtI hai| mukta jIva apanA Atmika vikAsa kA lakSya avazya prApta tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA vaidika avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA kara lete haiM, parantu janatA para apanA cirasthAyI evaM akSuNNa se bilkula bhinna hai| hindU-dharma meM Izvara mAnava ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika prabhatva nahIM jamA paate| yahI eka vizeSatA hai, jo avatarita hotA hai yA janma letA hai| hindU-dharma ke dRSTikoNa meM tIrthaMkara aura anya makta-AtmAoM meM bheda karatI hai| 14 Izvara mAnava rUpa grahaNa kara sakatA hai kintu mAnava Izvara nahIM astu arhat (sAmAnya kevalI) aura tIrthaMkaroM meM aMtara bana sakatA, kyoMki vaha to usakA aMza yA sevaka mAnA gayA hai| kevala itanA hI hai ki arhat svayaM apanI mukti kI kAmanA jabaki jaina-dharma ke anusAra koI bhI AtmA apanI AdhyAtmika karate haiM aura tIrthaMkara saMsAra-sAgara se svayaM pAra hone ke sAthaU~cAI para car3hate hue tIrthaMkara pada ko prApta kara sakatI hai| eka sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI pAra karAte haiN| isI vizeSa guNa ke kAraNa ve AtmA eka hI bAra tIrthaMkara pada ko prApta karatI hai aura phira mukta tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| ho jAtI hai| tIrthaMkara bana jAne ke pazcAt vaha dUsarA janma grahaNa nahIM krtii| jainoM ke anusAra pratyeka tIrthaMkara puna: jIvAtmA nahIM bntaa| 5.tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura sAmAnya kevalI kA antara vaha siddhAvasthA prApta karane para punaH saMsAra meM nahIM lauTatA hai| tIrthaMkara aura sAmAnya kevalI ke AdazoM ke isa dvividha tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA uttaraNa kI avadhAraNA hai| uttaraNa vargIkaraNa ke atirikta AcArya haribhadra ne apane grantha yogabindu meM mAnava tapa evaM sAdhanA ke dvArA apanI rAga-dveSa evaM mithyAtva meM svahita aura lokahita ke AdarzoM ke AdhAra para eka trividha kI avasthA se Upara uThakara vItarAga avasthA ko prApta karatA vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA hai - hai aura aMta meM karmoM se pUrNatayA mukta hokara siddha avasthA prApta tIrthaMkara - jo karuNA se yukta hai aura sadaiva parArtha ko karatA hai| siddha-avasthA kI prApti ke bAda jIva puna: saMsAra meM __ hI apane jIvana kA lakSya banAtA hai, satvoM ke kalyANa kI nahIM aataa| isa prakAra uttAravAda meM mAnava apane vikArI jIvana kAmanA hI jisakA ekamAtra kartavya hai, jo apanI AdhyAtmika se Upara uThakara paramAtmatattva ko prApta karatA hai| pUrNatA ko prApta karane ke pazcAt hI satvahita ke lie dharmatIrtha ata: jainoM meM tIrthaMkara kI jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha uttAravAda kI sthApanA karatA hai, tIrthaMkara kahalAtA hai|15| kI avadhAraNA hai, avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA nahIM hai| tIrthaMkaratva gaNadhara - ve sAdhaka jo sahavargIya hita ke saMkalpa ko kI prApti eka vikAsa-prakriyA kA pariNAma hai, lekara sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kArya karate haiM aura apane sahavargIya
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________________ hita aura kalyANa ke lie prayatnazIla hote haiM, gaNadhara kahe jAte haiN| samUhahita yA gaNakalyANa hI unake ( gaNadhara ke) jIvana kA Adarza hotA hai / 16 yatIndrasUra smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma sAmAnya kevalI jo sAdhaka Atma-kalyANa ko hI apanA lakSya banAtA hai aura isI AdhAra para sAdhanA karate hue AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta karatA hai, vaha sAmAnya kevalI kahA jAtA hai| jainoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM use 'muNDakevalI' bhI kahate haiN| 17 yadyapi AdhyAtmika pUrNatA aura sarvajJatA kI dRSTi se tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura sAmAnya kevalI samAna hI hote haiM kintu lokahita ke uddezya ko lekara ina tInoM meM bhinnatA hotI hai| tIrthaMkara, lokahita ke mahAn uddezya se prerita hotA hai, jabaki gaNadhara kA parahita-kSetra sImita hotA hai aura sAmAnya kevalI kA uddezya to mAtra AtmakalyANa hotA hai| 6. sAmAnya kevalI aura pratyekabuddha - kaivalya ko prApta karane kI vidhi kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para sAmAnya kevalI varga ke bhI do vibhAga kiye gae haiM1. pratyekabuddha 2. buddhabodhita pratyekabuddha - jainAgamoM meM samavAyAMga 18 meM pratyekabuddha zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM varNita karakaNDU, durmukha, nami aura naggati ko pratyekabuddha kahA gayA hai / 19 isI prakAra isibhAsiyAI ke nimna 45 RSiyoM ko bhI pratyekabuddha kahA gayA hai 1. devanArada 2. vajjiyaputta 3. asitadevala 4. aMgirasa bhAradvAja 5. pupphasAlaputta 6. vAgalacIrI 7. kummAputta 8. ketalIputta 9. mahAkAsava 10. tettaliputta 11. maMkhalIputta 12. jaNNavakka (yAjJavalkya) 13. bhayAlI metejja 14. bAhuka 15. madhurAyaNa 16. soriyAyaNa 17. vidura 18. varisava kaha (vAriSeNakRSNa) 19. AriyAyaNa 20. ukkala 21. gAhAvatiputta taruNa 22. dagabhAla 23. rAmaputta 24. harigiri 25. aMbaDa, 26. mAtaMga 27. vArattae 28. addaeNa 29. vaddhamANa 30. vAyu 31. pAsa 32. piMga 33. mahAsAlaputtaaruNa 34. isigirimAhaNa 35. sa addAlaa 36. tArAyaNa 37 sirigirimAhaNaparivvAya 38. sAtiputtabuddha 39. saMjae 40 dIvAyaNaM 41. iMdanAga 42. soma 43. jama 44. varuNa 45. vesamaNa / jaina - paramparA ke anusAra ve sAdhaka jo kaivalya yA vItarAga dazA kI upalabdhi ke lie na to anya kisI ke upadeza kI apekSA rakhate haiM aura na saMghIya jIvana meM rahakara sAdhanA karate haiM ve pratyekabuddha kahalAte haiM / pratyekabuddha kisI nimitta ko pAkara svayaM hI bodha ko prApta hotA hai tathA akelA hI pravrajita hokara sAdhanA karatA hai| vItarAga avasthA aura kevalya prApta karake bhI ekAkI hI rahatA hai| aisA ekAkI AtmaniSTha sAdhaka pratyekabuddha kahA jAtA pratyekabuddha aura tIrthaMkara donoM ko hI apane antima bhava meM kisI anya se bodha prApta karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, ve svayaM hI sambuddha hote haiN| yadyapi jainAcAryoM ke anusAra jahA~ tIrthaMkara ko bodha hetu kisI bAhya nimitta kI apekSA nahIM hotI, vahA~ pratyekabuddha ko bAhya nimitta kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yadyapi jaina-kathA-sAhitya meM aise bhI ullekha haiM, jahA~ tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI bAhya nimitta se prerita hokara virakta hote dikhAyA gayA hai, yathA- RSabha kA nIlAJjanA nAmaka nartakI kI mRtyu se virakta honaa| pratyekabuddha kisI bhI sAmAnya ghaTanA se bodha ko prApta kara pravrajita ho jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita meM pratyekabuddhoM ke upadeza saMkalita haiM kintu ina graMthoM meM pratyekabuddha zabda nahIM milatA hai| pratyekabuddha zabda kA sarvaprathama ullekha sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura bhagavatI meM milatA hai / yadyapi tInoM hI Agama grantha paravartIkAla ke hI mAne jAte haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM pratyekabuddhoM kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa paravartIkAla meM hI huA hai| vastutaH una vicArakoM aura AdhyAtmika sAdhakoM ko jo ina paramparAoM se sIdhe rUpa meM jur3e hue nahIM the kintu unheM svIkAra kara liyA gayA thA, pratyekabuddha kahA gayA / buddhabodhita - buddhabodhita ve sAdhaka haiM, jo apane antima janma meM bhI kisI anya se upadeza yA bodha ko prApta kara pravrajita hote haiM aura sAdhanA karate haiM / sAmAnya sAdhaka buddhabodhita hote haiN| ma tt6tt23 jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara ko gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha aura sAmAnyakevalI se pRthak karake eka alaukika puruSa ke rUpa meM paapaar For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura usakI aneka vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kI ina alaukikatAoM meM paMcakalyANa, cauMtIsa atizaya, paiMtIsa vacanAtizaya Adi mahattvapUrNa haiM, hama agale pRSThoM meM kramazaH inakI carcA kreNge| 7. tIrthaMkara kI alaukikatA jaina - paramparA meM yadyapi tIrthaMkara ko eka mAnavIya vyaktitva ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA, phira bhI unake jIvana ke sAtha kramazaH alaukikatAoM ko jor3A jAtA rahA hai| jainaparamparA ke prAcInatama grantha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta ke saMbaMdha meM kucha ullekha milatA hai kintu usameM unheM eka ugra tapasvI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura unake jIvana ke sAtha kisI alaukikatA ko nahIM jor3A gayA kintu usI grantha ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM aura kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sAtha aneka alaukikatAe~ jor3I gaI haiN| tIrthaMkara kI mAtA unakI garbhAvakrAnti ke samaya zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra 14 aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra 16 zubha svapna dekhatI hai| AcArAMga meM tIrthaMkara ke garbha kalyANa kA ullekha milatA hai, phira bhI vaha kisa prakAra manAyA jAtA hai, isakA vizeSa vivaraNa to TIkA granthoM evaM paravartI sAhitya meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki tIrthaMkara mAtA kI jisa yoni meM vikasita hote haiM, vaha yoni azubha padArtho se rahita hotI hai| ve azuci se rahita nirmala rUpa se hI janma lete haiM tathA devatA unakA janmotsava manAte haiN| tIrthaMkara ke janma ke samaya pariveza zAnta rahatA hai, sugandhita vAyu bahane lagatI hai, pakSI kalarava karate haiM, unake janma ke sAtha hI samasta loka meM prakAza vyApta ho jAtA hai aadi| yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke dIkSA - mahotsava aura kaivalya - mahotsava kA sampAdana bhI devatA karate haiN| unake dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pUrva devatA apAra dhanarAzi unake koSAgAra meM DAla dete haiM aura ve pratidina eka karor3a bAvana lAkha svarNamudrAoM kA dAna karate haiN| sarvajJatA kI prApti ke pazcAt devatA unake lie eka viziSTa samavasaraNa ( dharmasabhA - sthala) banAte haiM, jisameM baiThakara ve loka-kalyANa hetu dharmamArga kA pravartana karate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ati prAcIna jaina-granthoM yathA-AcArAMga ke prathama zruta skandha meM mahAvIra ke jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM kinhIM alaukikatAoM kI carcA nahIM hai / sUtrakRtAM kI vIra - stuti meM bhI mAtra unakI kucha vizeSatAoM kA citraNa hai21 kintu unheM alaukika nahIM batAyA gayA hai kintu AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM aura kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra evaM kucha anya tIrthaMkaroM ke janmakalyANaka Adi kI kucha alaukikatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM sUcanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| phira paravartI Agama-sAhitya tathA kathAsAhitya meM to tIrthaMkara ko pUrNatayA lokottara vyakti banA diyA gayA hai, jisakI hama kramazaH carcA kreNge| (a) tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka tIrthaMkara aura sAmAnyakevalI meM jaina- paramparA jisa AdhAra para antara karatI hai, vaha paMcakalyANaka kI avadhAraNA hai| jahA~ tIrthaMkara ke paMcakalyANaka mahotsava hote haiM, vahA~ sAmAnyakevalI ke paMcakalyANaka mahotsava nahIM hote 24 / tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka nimnAMkita haiM 1. garbhakalyANaka - tIrthaMkara jaba bhI mAtA ke garbha meM avatarita hote haiM taba zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mAtA 14 aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra 16 svapna dekhatI haiM tathA deva aura manuSya milakara unake garbhAvataraNa kA mahotsava manAte haiM / 25 2. janmakalyANaka jaina - mAnyatAnusAra jaba tIrthaMkara kA janma hotA hai, taba svarga ke deva aura indra pRthvI para Akara tIrthaMkara kA janmakalyANaka mahotsava manAte haiM aura meru parvata para le jAkara vahA~ unakA janmAbhiSeka karate haiM / 26 3. dIkSAkalyANaka - tIrthaMkara ke dIkSAkAla ke upasthita hone ke pUrva lokAntika deva unase pravrajyA lene kI prArthanA karate haiN| ve eka varSa taka karor3oM svarNamudrAoM kA dAna karate haiN| dIkSA tithi ke dina devendra apane devamaMDala ke sAtha Akara unakA abhiniSkramaNa - mahotsava manAte haiN| ve vizeSa pAlakI meM ArUr3ha hokara vanakhaMDa kI ora jAte haiM, jahA~ apane vastrAbhUSaNa kA tyAgakara tathA paMcamuSTiloca kara dIkSita ho jAte haiN| niyama yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara svayaM hI dIkSita hotA hai, kisI guru ke samIpa nahIM / 27 1 4. kaivalyakalyANaka - tIrthaMkara jaba apanI sAdhanA dvArA kaivalya jJAna prApta karate haiM, usa samaya bhI svarga se indra aura devamaMDala Akara kaivalya - mahotsava manAte haiN| usa samaya devatA tIrthaMkara kI dharmasabhA ke lie samavasaraNa kI racanA karate haiM / 28 morom? 8 thoramonorameroud For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma - 5. nirvANakalyANaka - tIrthaMkara ke parinirvANa prApta ukta tIna atizayoM ke cauMtIsa uttarabheda kie gae haiN| hone para bhI devoM dvArA unakA dAhasaMskAra kara parinirvANotsava zvetAmbara paramparA meM sahaja atizaya ke cAra, karmakSayaja atizaya manAyA jAtA hai|28 ke gyAraha aura devakRta atizaya ke unnIsa bheda svIkAra kie gae haiN| isa prakAra jainaparamparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke uparyakta paMcakalyANaka mAne gae haiN| (ka) sahaja atizaya (ba) atizaya 1. sundara rUpa, sugandhita, nIroga, pasInArahita evaM malarahita shriir| sAmAnyatayA jainAcAryoM ne tIrthaMkaroM ke cAra atizayoM kA 2. kamala ke samAna sugandhita shvaasochvaas| ullekha kiyA hai -30 3. gau ke dagdha ke samAna svaccha, durgandharahita mA~sa aura rudhir| 1. jJAnAtizaya 4. carmacakSuoM se AhAra aura nIhAra kA na dikhnaa| 2. vacanAtizaya 3. apAyApagamAtizaya (kha) karmakSayaja atizaya 4. pUjAtizaya 1. yojana mAtra samavasaraNa meM kroDAkroDI manaSya. deva aura 1. jJAnAtizaya - kevalajJAna athavA sarvajJatA kI tiryaJcoM kA samA jaanaa| upalabdhi hI tIrthaMkara kA jJAnAtizaya mAnA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM 2. eka yojana taka phailane vAlI bhagavAna kI ardhamAgadhI meM tIrthaMkara sarvajJa hotA hai, vaha sabhI dravyoM kI bhUtakAlika, vANI ko manuSya, tiryaJca aura devatAoM dvArA apanI-apanI vartamAnakAlika tathA bhAvI paryAyoM kA jJAtA hotA hai| dUsare bhASA meM samajha lenaa| zabdoM meM vaha trikAlajJa hotA hai| tIrthaMkara kA anantajJAna se 3. saryaprabhA se bhI teja sira ke pIche prabhAmaMDala kA honaa| yukta honA hI jJAnAtizaya hai| 4. sau yojana taka roga kA na rhnaa| 2. vacanAtizaya - abAdhita aura akhaNDanIya siddhAnta 5. vaira kA na rhnaa| kA pratipAdana tIrthaMkara kA vacanAtizaya kahA gayA hai| prakArAntara 6. Iti arthAta dhAnya Adi ko nAza karane vAle cahoM Adi / se vacanAtizaya ke 35 upavibhAga kie gae haiN| kA abhaav| 3. apAyApagamAtizaya - samasta maloM evaM doSoM se 7. mahAmArI Adi kA na honaa| rahita honA apAyApagamAtizaya hai| tIrthaMkara ko rAgadveSAdi 18 8. ativaSTi na honaa| doSoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai| 9. anAvRSTi na honaa| 4. pUjAtizaya - deva aura manuSyoM dvArA pUjita honA 10. darbhikSa na pddnaa| tIrthaMkara kA pUjAtizaya hai| jainaparamparA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara ko 11. svacakra aura paracakra kA bhaya na honaa| devoM evaM indroM dvArA pUjanIya mAnA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke atizayoM ko jainAcAryoM ne nimna tIna bhAgoM (ga) devakRta atizaya meM bhI vibhAjita kiyA hai - 1. AkAza meM dharmacakra kA honaa| ka. sahaja atizaya 2. AkAza meM camaroM kA honaa| kha. karmakSayaja atizaya 3. AkAza meM pAdapITha sahita ujjvala siNhaasn| ga. devakRta atizaya 4. AkAza meM tIna chtr| doodniromidnidmoonirdoirdidrodroid-ord-ord- 25Horridhiridvideodoodx6A6d6d6dwordwodmordrd
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma 5. AkAza meM ratnamaya dhrmdhvj| 9. sphaTikamaNi ke bane hue pAdapITha sahita unakA svaccha 6. suvarNa kamaloM para clnaa| siMhAsana hotA hai| 7. samavasaraNa meM ratna, suvarNa aura cA~dI ke tIna prkotte| 10. unake Age hamezA aneka laghupatAkAoM se veSTita eka 8. caturmukha updesh| iMdradhvaja patAkA calatI hai| 9. caitya vRkss| 11. jahA~-jahA~ arihanta bhagavAna Thaharate haiM athavA baiThate haiM, vahA~-vahA~ yakSadeva sachatra, saghaTa, sapatAka tathA patra-puSpoM 10. kaNTakoM kA adhomukha honaa| se vyApta azoka vRkSa kA nirmANa karate haiN| 11. vRkSoM kA jhuknaa| 12. unake mastaka ke pIche dazoM dizAoM ko prakAzita karane 12. dundubhi bjnaa| vAlA teja-prabhAmaMDala hotA hai| 13. anukUla vaayu| sAtha hI jahA~ bhagavAna kA gamana hotA hai, vahA~ nimnalikhita 14. pakSiyoM kA pradakSiNA denaa| parivartana ho jAte haiM - 15. gandhodaka kI vRsstti| 13. bhUmibhAga samAna tathA sundara ho jAtA hai| 16. pA~ca varNo ke puSpoM kI vRsstti| 14. kaNTaka adhomukha ho jAte haiN| 17. nakha aura kezoM kA nahIM bddh'naa| 15. Rtue~ sukhasparza vAlI ho jAtI haiN| 18. kama se kama eka koTi devoM kA pAsa meM rhnaa| 16. samavartaka vAyu ke dvArA eka yojana taka ke kSetra kI zuddhi 19. RtuoM kA anukUla honaa| ho jAtI hai| digambara paramparAnusAra 10 sahaja atizaya, 10 karmakSayaja 17. megha dvArA upacita bindupAta se raja aura reNu kA nAza ho atizaya aura 14 devakRta atizaya mAne gae haiN| jAtA hai| samavAyAMgasatra meM baddha (tIrthaMkara) ke nimna caubIsa atizaya 18. paMcavarNavAlA sundara puSpa-samudAya prakaTa ho jAtA hai| yA viziSTa guNa mAne gae haiM31 / samavAyAMga ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva 19. (a) bhagavAn ke AsapAsa kA pariveza aneka prakAra kI sUri ne buddha zabda kA artha tIrthaMkara kiyA hai|32 samavAyAMga kI dhUpa ke dhuMe se sugandhita ho jAtA hai| isa sUcI meM pUrvokta vividha vargIkaraNoM ke upa-prakAra samAhita haiN| (ba) amanojJa zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gaMdha kA abhAva 1. tIrthaMkaroM ke sira ke bAla, dAr3hI tathA mUMcha evaM roma aura ho jAtA hai| nakha baDhate nahIM hai. hamezA eka hI sthiti meM rahate haiN| 20. (a) bhagavAna ke donoM ora AbhUSaNoM se susajjita yakSa 2. unakA zarIra hamezA roga tathA mala se rahita hotA hai| camara DulAte haiN| 3. unakA mA~sa tathA khUna gAya ke dUdha ke samAna zveta varNa kA (ba) manojJa zabdAdi kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| hotA hai| 21. upadeza karane ke lie arihanta bhagavAn ke mukha se eka 4. unakA zvAsocchvAsa kamala ke samAna sugandhita hotA hai| yojana kA ullaMghana karane vAlA hRdayaMgama svara nikalatA hai| 5. unakA AhAra aura nIhAra (mUtrapurISotsarga) dRSTigocara nahIM 22. bhagavAn kA bhASaNa arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM hotA hai| hotaa| 23. bhagavAn dvArA prayukta bhASA, Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpada 6. ve dharma-cakra kA pravartana karate haiN| Adi samasta prANivarga kI bhASA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| 7. unake Upara tIna chatra laTakate rahate haiN| 8. unake donoM ora camara laTakate haiN| 24. baddha-vaira vAle deva, asura, nAga, suparNa, yakSa, gaMdharva Adi aroranayamirariramidnirandirindranatomidniromiraramir 26iwarioudnirodroidrodroportirorandeindianGrandmotion
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha : jaina-dharma bhagavAn ke pAdamUla meM prazAntacitta hokara dharma-zravaNa 7. upanItarAgatva - yathocit rAga-rAginI se yukta honaa| karate haiN| uparyukta atizaya zabda-sauMdarya kI apekSA se jAne jAte haiM 25. anya tIrtha vAle prAvacanika (vidvAn) bhI bhagavAna ko evaM zeSa atizaya artha-gaurava kI apekSA se jAne jAte haiN| namaskAra karate haiN| 8. mahArthatva - vacanoM kA mahAn artha honaa| 26. anya tIrthavAle vidvAn bhagavAna ke pAdamUla meM Akara niruttara 9. avyAhatapaurvAparyatva - pUrvApara avirodhI vAkya vAlA honaa| ho jAte haiN| 10. ziSTatva - vaktA kI ziSTatA kA sUcaka honaa| sAtha hI jahA~ bhagavAn kA vihAra hotA hai, vahA~ paccIsa 11. asandigdhatva - sandeharahita nizcita artha kA pratipAdaka yojana taka nimna bAteM nahIM hotI - honaa| 27 I. arthAt dhAnya ko naSTa karane vAle cUhe Adi prANiyoM 12. apahRtAnyottaratva - anya puruSoM ke doSoM ko dUra karane kI utpatti nahIM hotii| vAlA honaa| 28. mahAmArI (saMkrAmaka bImArI) nahIM hotii| 13. hRdayagrAhitva - zrotAoM ke hRdaya ko AkRSTa karane vAle 29. apanI senA upadrava nahIM krtii| vacana vAlA honaa| 30. dUsare rAjA kI senA upadrava nahIM krtii| 14. deza-kAlAvyayItatva - dezakAla ke anukUla vacana honaa| 31. ativRSTi nahIM hotii| 15. tattvAnurUpatva - vivakSita vastusvarUpa ke anurUpa vacana honaa| 32. anAvRSTi nahIM hotii| 16. aprakIrNaprasRtatva - nirarthaka vistAra se rahita susambaddha 33. durbhikSa nahIM hotaa| vacana honaa| 34. bhagavAn ke vihAra se pUrva utpanna huI vyAdhiyA~ bhI zIghra hI 17. anyonyapragRhItatva - paraspara apekSA rakhane vAle padoM evaM zAnta ho jAtI haiM aura rudhiravRSTi tathA jvarAdi kA prakopa vAkyoM se yukta honaa| nahIM hotaa| 18. abhijAtatva - vaktA kulInatA aura zAlInatA ke sUcaka (sa) vacanAtizaya honaa| jaina AgAmoM meM paiMtIsa vacanAtizayoM ke ullekha milate 1 atisnigdhamadhuratva - atyanta sneha evaM madhuratA se yukta haiN33| saMskRta-TIkAkAroM ne prakArAntara se granthoM meM pratipAdita honaa| vacana ke paiMtIsagaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahI paiMtIsa vacanAtizaya 20. aparamamavAdhatva- mamavadhA na honaa| kahalAte haiM, jo nimnAMkita haiM - 21. arthadharmAbhyAsAnapetatva - artha aura dharma ke anukUla honaa| 1. saMskAratva - vacanoM kA vyAkaraNa-sammata honaa| 22. udAratva - tucchatArahita aura udAratAyukta honaa| 2. udAttatva- ucca svara se paripUrNa honaa| 23. paranindAtmotkarSaviprayuktatva - parAI niMdA aura apanI prazaMsA se rahita honaa| upacAropetatva - grAmINatA se rahita honaa| 4. gambhIrazabdatva - megha ke samAna gambhIra zabdoM se yukta 24. upagatazlAghatva - jinheM sunakara loga prazaMsA kareM, aise vacana honaa| honaa| 25. anapanItatva - kAla, kAraka, liMga-vyatyaya Adi vyAkaraNa 5. anunAditva - pratyeka zabda kA yathArtha uccAraNa se yukta ke doSoM se rahita honaa| honaa| 26. utpAditAcchinnakautUhalatva - apane viSaya meM zrotAjanoM 6. dakSiNatva - vacanoM kA saralatA se yukta honaa| meM lagAtAra kautUhala utpanna karane vAlA honaa|
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________________ karatI. una prakAra se varNanIya varNana karane vA - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma - 27. adbhutatva - Azcaryajanaka adbhuta navInatApradarzaka vacana zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ko jina honaa| doSoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai unameM mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki jahA~ 28. anativilambitva - ativilamba se rahita dhArApravAha se| sanilI . ativilAsa rahita dhArApavAda se digambara-paramparA tIrthaMkara meM kSudhA aura tRSA kA abhAva mAnatI bolnaa| hai, vahA~ zvetAmbara-paramparA tIrthaMkara meM inakA abhAva nahIM mAnatI 29. vibhramavikSepakilakiJcitAdivimuktatva - mana kI bhrAnti, hai, kyoMki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM kevalI kA kavalAhAra (bhojanavikSepa aura roSa, bhayAdi se rahita vacana honaa| grahaNa) mAnA gayA hai, jabaki digambara-paramparA ise svIkAra nahIM karatI, unake anusAra kevalI bhojana grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| zeSa 30. anekajAtisaMzrayAdvicitratva - aneka prakAra se varNanIya bAtoM meM donoM meM samAnatA hai| vastu-svarUpa ke varNana karane vAle vacana honaa| 31. AhitavizeSatva - sAmAnya vacanoM se kucha vizeSatAyukta 9. tIrthaMkara banane kI yogyatA vacana honA. tIrthaMkara pada kI prApti ke lie jIva ko pUrva janmoM se 32. sAkAratva - pRthak-pRthak varNa, pada, vAkya ke AkAra se viziSTa sAdhanA karanI hotI hai| jainadharma meM isa heta jina viziSTa yukta vacana honaa| sAdhanAoM ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai unakI saMkhyA ko lekara 33. satvaparigRhItva - sAhasa se paripUrNa vacana honaa| jainadharma ke sampradAyoM meM matabheda hai| tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke 34. aparikheditva - kheda-khinnatA se rahita vacana honaa| AdhAra para digambara sampradAya tIrthaMkara nAmakarma-upArjana hetu 35. avyuccheditva - vivakSita artha kI samyak siddhi vAle nimnastha solaha bAtoM kI sAdhanA ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai37vacana honaa| 1. darzanavizuddhi - vItarAgakathita tattvoM meM nirmala aura dRr3ha 8. tIrthaMkara : nirdoSa vyaktitva ruci| jaina-paramparA meM tIrthaMkara ko nimnastha 18 doSoM se rahita 2. vinayasampannatA - mokSamArga aura usake sAdhakoM ke prati mAnA gayA hai34 - 1. dAnAntarAya 2. lAbhAntarAya 3. vIryAntarAya 4. bhogAntarAya 5. upabhogAntarAya 6. mithyAtva 7. ajJAna 8. 3. zIlavatAnaticAra - ahiMsA, satyAdi mUlavrata tathA unake avirati 9. kAmecchA 10. hAsya, 11. rati 12. arati 13. pAlana meM upayogI abhigraha Adi dUsare niyamoM kA pramAda - zoka 14. bhaya 15. jugupsA 16. rAga 17. dveSa aura 18. nidraa| rahita hokara pAlana krnaa| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM prakArAntara se unheM nimnAMkita 18 4. abhIkSNajJAnopayoga - tattvaviSayaka jJAna-prApti meM sadaiva doSoM se bhI rahita kahA gayA hai :35 prayatnazIla rhnaa| 1. hiMsA 2. mRSAvAda 3. corI 4. kAmakrIDA 5. hAsya 6. rati 7. 5. abhIkSNa saMvega - sAMsArika bhogoM se jo vAstava meM sukha ke arati 8. zoka 9. bhaya 10. krodha 11. mAna 12. mAyA 13. lobha sthAna para duHkha ke hI sAdhana banate haiM, Darate rhnaa| 14. mada 15. matsara 16. ajJAna 17. nidrA aura 18. premA yathAzakti tyAga- apanI zaktyanarUpa AhAradAna. abhayadAna. digambara-paramparA ke graMtha niyamasAra meM tIrthaMkara ko jJAnadAna Adi vivekapUrvaka karate rhnaa| nimnAMkita 18 doSoM se rahita kahA gayA hai36 - 7. yazAzakti tapa - zaktyanurUpa vivekapUrvaka tapa-sAdhanA 1. kSudhA 2. tRSA 3. bhaya 4. roSa (krodha) 5. rAga 6. moha 7. krnaa| cintA 8. jarA 9. roga 10. mRtyu 12. sveda 12.kheda 13. mada 14. 8. saMgha-sAdhu-samAdhikaraNa - caturvidhasaMgha aura vizeSakara rati 15. vismaya 16. nidrA 17. janma 18. udvega (arti)| sAdhuoM ko samAdhi-sukha pahu~cAnA arthAt aisA vyavahAra phira kA
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________________ karanA, * yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma jisase unheM mAnasika evaM zArIrika pIr3A na phuNce| 9. vaiyAkRtyakaraNa - guNIjanoM athavA aise logoM kI, jinheM sahAyatA kI apekSA hai, sevA karanA / 10-13. catuHbhakti - arihaMta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura zAstra ina cAroM meM zuddha niSThApUrvaka anurAga rakhanA / 14. AvazyakAparihANa sAmAyika Adi SaDAvazyakoM ke anuSThAna sadaiva karate rahanA / 15. mokSamArga - prabhAvanA abhimAna ko tyAgakara mokSamArga kI sAdhanA karanA tathA dUsaroM ko usa mArga kA upadeza denA / 16. pravacanavAtsalya - jaise gAya bachar3e para sneha rakhatI hai, vaise hI sahadharmiyoM para niSkAma sneha rakhanA / - zvetAmbara paramparA meM jJAtAdharmakathA ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke upArjana hetu nimnAMkita (20) bIsa sAdhanAoM ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai38 1-7. arihaMta, siddha, pravacana, guru, sthavira, bahuzruta evaM tapasvI ina sAtoM ke prati vAtsalya bhAva rkhnaa| 8. anavarata jJAnAbhyAsa karanA / 9. jIvAdi padArthoM ke prati yathArtha zraddhArUpa zuddha samyaktva kA honA / gurujanoM kA Adara karanA / 10. 11. prAyazcitta evaM pratikramaNa dvArA apane aparAdhoM kI kSamAyAcanA karanA / 12. ahiMsAdi vratoM kA aticAra- rahita yogya rIti se pAlana karanA / 13. pApoM kI upekSA karate hue vairAgyabhAva dhAraNa karanA / 14. bAhya evaM Abhyantara tapa karanA / 15. yathAzakti tyAgavRtti ko apanAnA / 16. sAdhujanoM kI sevA karanA / 17. samatA bhAva rkhnaa| 18. jJAna - zakti ko niraMtara bar3hAte rahanA / 19. AgamoM meM zraddhA rakhanA / 20. jina-pravacana kA prakAza rakhanA / 10. tIrthaMkaroM se saMbaMdhita vivaraNa kA vikAsa tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA evaM unake jIvanavRtta Adi ko lekara sAmAnyatayA jainasAhitya meM bahuta kucha likhA gayA kintu yadi hama graMthoM para kAlakrama kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to prAcInatama jaina Agama AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ke saMkSipta jIvanavRtta ko chor3akara hameM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke saMdarbha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI / yadyapi AcArAMga sAmAnyarUpa se bhUtatkAlika, vartamAnakAlika aura bhaviSyatkAlika arihaMtoM kA binA kisI nAma ke nirdeza avazya karatA hai| racanAkAla kI dRSTi se isake pazcAt kalpasUtra kA krama AtA hai, usameM mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta ke sAtha-sAtha pArzva, ariSTanemi aura RSabhadeva ke saMbaMdha meM bhI kiMcit vivaraNa milatA hai, zeSa tIrthaMkaroM kA kevala nAmanirdeza hI hai| isake pazcAt tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI dene vAle graMthoM meM samavAyAMga aura Avazyakaniyukti kA kAla AtA hai| samavAyAMga aura Avazyakaniryukti saMkSipta zailI meM hI sahI kintu vartamAna, bhUtakAlika aura bhaviSyatkAlika tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta jAnakArI pradAna karate haiN| digambara paramparA meM aisA hI vivaraNa yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNati meM milatA hai| zvetAmbara Agama-graMtha jambUdvIpaprajJapti RSabha ke saMbaMdha meM aura jJAtAdharmakathA malli ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| tiloyapaNNati ke bAda digambara- paramparA meM purANoM kA krama AtA hai| purANoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta ke saMbaMdha meM vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, kalpasUtra, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, Avazyaka niryukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi, caupannamahApurisacariyaM evaM triSaSTizalAkA-puruSacaritra aura kalpasUtra para likhI gaI paravartI TIkAe~ tIrthaMkaroM kA vivaraNa dene vAle mahattvapUrNa graMtha haiN| samavAyAMga meM upalabdha vivaraNa aisA lagatA hai ki tIrthaMkara - saMbaMdhI vivaraNoM meM samayasamaya para vRddhi hotI rahI hai| hamArI jAnakArI meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA aura tatsaMbaMdhI vivaraNa sarvaprathama zvetAmbara paramparA meM samavAyAMga aura vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM prApta hotA hai| yadyapi sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga kI gaNanA aMga-AgamoM meM kI jAtI hai kintu samavAyAMga meM 24 tIrthaMkara saMbaMdhI jo vivaraNa hai, vaha usake pariziSTa ke rUpa meM hai aura aisA lagatA hai| tttt[ 29 ] For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ bhagavatI yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma ki bAda meM jor3A gayA hai| isa prakIrNaka samavAya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke vidvAnoM ne jJAtAdharmakathA ke isa malli nAmaka adhyAya ko apekSAkRta pitA, unakI mAtA, unake pUrvabhava, unakI zivikAoM ke nAma, paravartIkAla kA mAnA hai| isameM malli ko strI-tIrthaMkara mAnakara unake janma evaM dIkSA nagara kA ullekha milatA hai| mAnyatA yaha zvetAmbara-paramparA kI strImukti kI avadhAraNA ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai ki RSabha aura ariSTanemi ko chor3akara sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne hai| isI AdhAra para kucha digambara vidvAn ise zvetAmbara-digambara apanI janmabhUmi meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| sabhI tIrthaMkara eka paramparA ke vibhAjana ke pazcAt kA mAnate haiN| isake malli nAmaka devaduSya vastra lekara dIkSita hue| isake sAtha-sAtha pratyeka tIrthaMkara adhyAya meM hI tIrthaMkara-nAma-gotra-karma-upArjana kI sAdhanA-vidhi ne kitane vyaktiyoM ko sAtha lekara dIkSA lI, isakA bhI ullekha kA ullekha hai| malli saMbaMdhI yaha vivaraNa nizcita hI samavAyAMga isameM milatA hai| isI krama meM samavAyAMga meM dIkSA lete samaya ke kA samakAlIna yA apekSAkRta kucha paravartI hai| vrata, prathama bhikSAdAtA, prathama bhikSA kaba milI isakA bhI ullekha hai| isameM tIrthaMkaroM ke prathama ziSya aura ziSyAoM kA bhI anya aMga Agama ullekha hai| samavAyAMga meM sarvaprathama 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke caityavRkSoM jahA~ taka upAsakadazA kA prazna hai isameM mahAvIra ke kAla kA bhI ullekha huA hai| ke 10 zrAvakoM kA vivaraNa hai, isI prasaMga meM mahAvIra ke kucha upadeza bhI isameM upalabdha ho jAte haiM kintu isameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA kA spaSTa rUpa se koI saMketa nahIM hai| isI prakAra aMga-AgamoM ke krama kI dRSTi se samavAyAMga ke pazcAt / aMtakRddazA meM yadyapi mahAvIra aura ariSTanemi ke kAla ke kucha bhagavatIsUtra kA krama AtA hai, yadyapi smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki sAdhakoM ke vivaraNa milate haiM kintu isameM ariSTanemi aura vidvAnoM dvArA racanAkAla kI dRSTi se bhagavatI ko samavAyAMga kI kRSNa-saMbaMdhI jo vivaraNa die gae haiM, ve lagabhaga 5vIM zatAbdI ke apekSA pUrvavartI mAnA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt ke hI haiM, kyoMki aMtakRddazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu, saMbaMdha meM samavAyAMga kI apekSA adhika jAnakArI prastuta karatA jisakA vivaraNa sthAnAMga meM hai, kRSNa se saMbaMdhita kisI vivaraNa hai| isameM devAnandA ko mahAvIra kI mAtA kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra kA koI saMketa nahIM detI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI vartamAna viSayavastu aura gozAlaka ke pArasparika saMbaMdha ko lekara isameM vistAra ke lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI hai| yadyapi isameM tIrthaMkaroM sAtha carcA huI hai tathApi vidvAnoM ne isa aMza ko paravartI aura ke pravacana Adi kA ullekha hai kintu spaSTa rUpa se tIrthaMkaroM ke prakSipta mAnA hai| bhagavatI meM mahAvIra aura jAmAli ke vivAda saMbaMdha meM koI bhI vivaraNa isameM nahIM milatA hai| yahI sthiti ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI isameM mahAvIra ke atirikta aupapAtika aura vipAkasUtra kI bhI hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbaMdha meM nAmoM ke ullekha ke atirikta hameM vistAra se koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| mahAvIra se upAya Agama sAhitya pAvApatyoM (pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM) ke milane evaM carcA karane upAMga sAhitya meM rAjapraznIyasUtra meM pArkhApatya kezI kA kA ullekha to isameM hai kintu pArzva ke jIvanavRtta kA bhI ullekha hai kintu isameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA ko lekara abhAva hI hai| isase nizcita hI aisA lagatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta tIrthaMkara-saMbaMdhI vivaraNa bhagavatI kI apekSA paravartIkAla ke haiN| kI dRSTi se upAMga sAhitya kI jambUdvIpaprajJapti ko mahatvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI jJAtAdharmakathA ke kAlacakra kA vivecana karate hue, usameM hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM jJAtAdharmakathA yadyapi anya tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbaMdha meM to vizeSa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isameM dvitIya aura tRtIya vakSaskAra sUcanAe~ nahIM detA hai kintu 11veM tIrthaMkara malli ke saMbaMdha meM isameM arthAt adhyAya meM kramazaH RSabhadeva evaM bharata ke jIvanavRtta kA vistara se vivaraNa upalabdha hai| saMbhavataH itanA vistRta vivaraNa bhI vistRta ullekha milatA hai| isameM RSabha ke eka varSa taka anya kisI tIrthaMkara ke saMbaMdha meM aMga-AgamoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| cIvaradhArI aura bAda meM nagna hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai|
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma upAMga- sAhitya ke 'vRSNIdazA' meM kRSNa ke parijanoM se saMbaMdhita ullekha haiM kintu tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA aura tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRttoM kA isameM bhI abhAva hai| mUla Agama grantha mUlasUtroM meM uttarAdhyayana, apekSAkRta prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai, isameM kevala pArzva, mahAvIra, ariSTanemi aura nami ke saMbaMdha meM ullekha milate haiN| yadyapi ina ullekhoM meM unake jIvanavRttoM kI apekSA usake upadezoM aura mAnyatAoM para hI adhika bala diyA gayA hai, tathApi itanA nizcita hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke ye ullekha samavAyAMga kI apekSA prAcIna haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke 22veM aura 23veM adhyAya meM kramazaH ariSTanemi aura pArzva ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana kA 22vA~ rathanemi nAmaka adhyAya yadyapi mUlataH rathanemi aura rAjImatI (rAjula ) ke ghaTanA-prasaMga ko lekara likhA gayA hai kintu isa adhyAya meM ariSTanemi ke vivAha-prasaMga kA bhI ullekha hai / 23veM adhyAya meM mukhya rUpa se tIrthaMkara pArzva aura mahAvIra kI AcAra - saMbaMdhI vibhinnatAoM ke ullekha milate haiM kintu uttarAdhyayana meM kisI tIrthaMkara kA jIvanavRtta nahIM diyA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika, anuyogadvAra aura nandI meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta nahIM haiN| kalpasUtra tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta ko sUcita karane vAle AgAmika graMthoM meM kalpasUtra mahattvapUrNa hai| kalpasUtra apane ApameM koI svataMtra grantha nahIM hai| yaha dazAzrutaskandha nAmaka chedasUtra ka aSTama adhyAya hI hai kintu isake jinacaritra nAmaka khaNDa meM mahAvIra ke sAtha-sAtha pArzva, ariSTanemi aura RSabha ke jIvanavRttoM kA bhI saMkSipta vivaraNa milatA hai| ariSTanemi se lekara RSabha taka ke bIca ke tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma evaM unake bIca kI kAlAvadhi kA bhI isameM ullekha hai| niyukti evaM bhASya zvetAmbara - paramparA ke ina AgAmika graMthoM ke atirikta Avazyaka niryukti evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbaMdha meM aura unake mAtA-pitA Adi ke bAre meM sUcanAe~ milatI haiN| For Private Avazyaka niyukti meM tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvabhava kA bhI sAMketika ullekha huA hai| Avazyakaniryukti tIrthaMkaroM kI janmatithi kA bhI nirdeza karatI hai| isameM tIrthaMkaroM ke varSIdAna kA ullekha hai sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kisa tIrthaMkara ne kaumArya - avasthA meM dIkSA lI aura kisane bAda meN| isameM tIrthaMkaroM ke nirvANa-tapa tathA nirvANa tithiyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIra kI U~cAI Adi kA ullekha sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga meM bhI upalabdha hai kintu vaha ekIkRta rUpa meM na hokara bikharA huA hai, jabaki Avazyakaniryukti meM use ekIkRta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yathA - Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra sabhI tIrthaMkara svayaM hI bodha prApta karate haiM, lokAntika deva to unheM vyavahAra ke kAraNa pratibodhita karate haiM, sabhI tIrthaMkara eka varSa taka dAna dekara pravrajita hote haiN| mahAvIra, ariSTanemi, pArzva, malli aura vAsupUjya ko chor3a anya sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne rAjyalakSmI kA bhoga karane ke pazcAt hI dIkSA lI thI, jabaki avaziSTa pA~ca kaumArya -avasthA meM dIkSita hue the| zAnti, kuMthu aura ara ye tIna tIrthaMkara cakravartI the, zeSa sAmAnya rAjA / mahAvIra akele, pArzva aura malli 300 vyaktiyoM, vAsupUjya - 600 vyaktiyoM, RSabha - 4000 vyaktiyoM evaM zeSa sabhI 1000 vyaktiyoM ke sAtha dIkSita hue the| sumati ne binA kisI vrata ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI, vAsupUjya ne upavAsa ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI, pArzva aura malli ne 3 upavAsa ke sAtha dIkSA lI aura zeSa sabhI ne 2 dina ke upavAsa ke sAtha dIkSA lii| RSabha vanitA se, ariSTanemi dvArakA se aura anya apanI-apanI janmabhUmi meM dIkSita hue the| RSabha ne siddhArthavana meM, vAsupUjya ne vihAragRha (vana) meM, dharmanAtha ne vappagrAma meM, muni sumati ne nIlaguphA meM, pArzva ne Amravana meM, mahAvIra ne jJAtRvana meM tathA zeSa sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne sahastra Amravana meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| pArzva, ariSTanemi, zreyAMsa, sumati aura malli pUrvAhna meM dIkSita hue| RSabha, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ne anArya bhUmi meM bhI vihAra kiyA, zeSa sabhI ne magadha, rAjagRha Adi bhUmi meM hI vihAra kiyaa| 31 prathama tIrthaMkara ko 12 aMga aura zeSa ko 11 aMga kA zrutalAbha rhaa| prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara ne paMcayAma kA aura zeSa ne cAturyAma kA upadeza diyaa| prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara meM sAmAyika aura chedosthApanIya aise do cAritroM kA vikalpa hotA hai, jabaki zeSa meM sAmAyika cAritra hI hotA hai| isameM 24 Personal Use Only Tomomi
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma tIrthaMkaroM ke kevalajJAna kI tithiyoM. nakSatroM evaM sthaloM ko bhI ke pazcAt tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta para svataMtra rUpa se aneka diyA gayA hai| 23 tIrthaMkaroM ko pAhna meM aura mahAvIra ko caritakAvya likhe gae haiM, jinakI carcA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| aparAhna meM jJAna prApta huaa| RSana ko purimatAla meM, mahAvIra ko RjapAlikA nadI ke kinAre aura zeSa ne jisa udyAna meM dagambara-Agamanyanya dIkSA lI, usI meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| pArzva, malli aura digambara-paramparA ke Agama-sAhitya meM SaTakhaNDAgama, ariSTanemi ko tIna upavAsa kI tapasyA meM, vAsupUjya ko eka kaSAyapAhuDa, mUlAcAra, bhagavatIArAdhanA, tiloyapaNNati evaM upavAsa meM aura zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ko do upavAsa meM jJAna prApta AcArya kaMdakuMda ke graMtha samAhita haiN| inameM mukhya rUpa se mUlAcAra haa|mhaaviir ne dUsare samavasaraNa meM tIrtha kI sthApanA kI, aura bhagavatIArAdhanA yathAprasaMga tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbaMdha meM kucha jabaki zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ne prathama samavasaraNa meM tIrtha kI sthApanA sacanAe~ dete haiM kinta inameM savyavasthati rUpa se tIrthaMkaroM se k.| 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se 23 tIrthaMkaroM ke, jitane gaNa the, utane saMbaMdhita vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM haiN| sarvaprathama hameM tiloyapaNNati hI gaNadhara bhI the, parantu mahAvIra ke gaNoM kI saMkhyA 9 evaM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA evaM jIvana-saMbaMdhI sacanAe~ milatI gaNoM kI saMkhyA 11 thii| isake atirikta Avazyakaniyukti haiN| tiloyapaNNatti meM tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma, cyavanasthala, parvabhava, meM 28 tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA ke nAma, janmabhUmi, varNa, prathama mAtA-pitA kA nAma, janmatithi aura nakSatra, kulanAma (dharmanAtha, zikSAdAtA, prathama bhikSAsthala, chadmastha kAla, zrAvaka-saMkhyA, arahanAtha aura kuMthunAtha - kuruvaMza meM, pArzvanAtha - ugravaMza meM, kumAra-kala, zarIra kI U~cAI evaM AyupramANa Adi kA bhI mahAvIra - jJAtRvaMza meM, munisumati evaM neminAtha - yAdavavaMza meM vivaraNa ta kiyA gayA hai| AvazyakacUrNi meM niyukti aura zeSa ikSvAkuvaMza meM hue haiM) janmakAla, Ayu, kumAra-kAla, vivaraNoM ke atirikta mahAvIra aura RSabha kA jIvanavRtta bhI zarIra kI U~cAI, varNa, rAjyakAla, cihna, vairAgya ke kAraNa, vistAra se tArita hai| dIkSAsthala, (neminAtha dvArakA aura zeSa apane janma sthAna), Agametara -sAhitya dIkSAtithi, dIkSAkAla, dIkSAtapa, prathama bhikSA meM mile padArtha, zvetAmbara paramparA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta chadmasthakAla, kevala jJAna (tithi, nakSatra aura sthala), samavasaraNa jAnakArI pradAna vAle Agametara graMthoM meM vasudevahiNDI, vimalasari kA racanAvinyAsa, kisI vRkSa ke nIce hue kevala jJAna, utpannata yakSa-yakSiNI, kaivalyakAla, gaNadharoM kI saMkhyA, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA paumacariyaM, 2 ka kA cauppannamahApurisacariyaM aura hemacandra kI saMkhyA, avadhijJAnI, kevalajJAnI aura vaikiya RddhidhAraka kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ullekhanIya hai| inameM vasudevahiNDI aura paumacariyaM va mukhya viSaya tIrthaMkara-caritra nahIM hai| evaM vAdiyoM kI saMkhyA, pramukha AryikAe~, nirvANatithi, nakSatra, sthala, tIrthaMkaroM kA zAsanakAla, tIrthaMkaroM kA antarAla Adi zvetAmbara-paH parA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta kA vistRta tta kA vistRta kA vivaraNa suvyavasthita rUpa se upalabdha hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi mA vivecana karane vAle graM meM caupannamahApurisacariyaM kA mahattvapUrNa / se vicAra karane para tiloyapaNNati kI vivaraNazailI sthAna hai| zIlAMka kI yaha kRti lagabhaga IsA kI navIM zatAbdI Avazyakaniyukti ke samAna hai| isameM Avazyakaniyukti ke Avayana meM likhI gaI hai| saMbhavata: 5 lAmbara-jaina-paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM samAna hI tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA Adi kA vivaraNa milatA hai| kA vistRta vivaraNa dene vAlA yaha prathama graMtha hai| yadyapi isameM yadyapi yaha Avazyakaniyukti kI apekSA paravartI hai| bhI mukhya rUpa se to RSabha, zAnti, malli, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ke kathAnaka vistAra se varNita haiM zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ke purANa-sAhitya jIvanavatta to sAmAnyatayA eka-do pRSThoM meM hI samApta ho jAte haiN| yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavatta ko isake pazcAt tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta kA vivaraNa dene vAle graMthoM batAne vAle Agamika sAhitya kA abhAva hai kinta usameM parANoM meM hemacandra kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra bhI mahattvapUrNa mAnA ke rUpa meM aneka graMtha likhe gae haiM. inameM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavatta jAtA hai| cauppannamahApurisacariyaM evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra vistAra se varNita haiN| ina purANoM meM jinasena aura guNabhadra kI
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma kRti mahApurANa prasiddha hai| isakA pUrvabhAga AdipurANa aura zeSa bhAga uttarapurANa ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| AdipurANa meM RSabha kA aura uttarapurANa 'meM zeSa sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana hai| digambara AcAryoM dvArA racita purANa-graMtha aneka haiM, kintu yahA~ una sabakI carcA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| jainasAhitya meM upalabdha tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA kA sarvekSaNa tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA ke saMbaMdha meM aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki lagabhaga IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI taka aisA koI bhI sAhitya hameM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai ki jisameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA kA vikasita rUpa upalabdha hotA ho / saMbhavataH sarvaprathama IsA pUrva tIsarI, dUsarI zatAbdI se hameM tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA meM alaukikatA saMbaMdhI kucha vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM kintu vyavasthita rUpa se 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI kalpanA kA koI bhI aitihAsika pramANa hameM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| hameM aisA lagatA hai ki jaina- paramparA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI suvyavasthita avadhAraNA aura unakA nAmakaraNa IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hI huA hogA, yadyapi 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmollekha karane vAle vivaraNa bhagavatI, samavAyAMga Adi meM upalabdha haiM kintu vidvAn inheM IsA kI prathama zatAbdI yA inake paravartIkAla kA hI mAnate hai| yadi hama anya tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRttoM ko eka ora rakha deM, to bhI svayaM mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta meM eka vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke upadhAna nAmaka nauveM adhyAya meM varNita mahAvIra kA caritra, sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke vIrastava nAmaka SaSTha adhyAya meM kucha vikasita huA hai / phira vaha kalpasUtra meM hameM adhika vikasita rUpa meM milatA hai| kalpasUtra kI apekSA bhI AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 15 veM adhyAya meM varNita mahAvIracaritra adhika vikasita hai, aisA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kI mAnyatA hai / unakI mAnyatA kA AdhAra kalpasUtra kI apekSA AcArAMga ke mahAvIracaritra meM adhika alaukika tattvoM kA samAveza hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta se saMbaMdhita kucha ghaTanAe~, ullekhita haiM yathA - * devAnaMdA, jAmAli tathA gozAlaka - saMbaMdhI ghaTanAe~ usameM gozAlaka saMbaMdhI vivaraNa ko jaina vidvAnoM ne prakSipta evaM paravartI mAnA hai| Avazyakaniryukti yadyapi kalpasUtra kI apekSA mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta vistAra se ullekhita nahIM karatI hai, phira bhI 24 tIrthaMkaroM - saMbaMdhI suvyavasthita jo varNana usameM milatA hai, usase aisA lagatA hai ki isakI racanA kalpasUtra kI apekSA paravartIkAla kI hai| itanA nizcita hai ki IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI suvyavasthita avadhAraNA upalabdha hone lagatI hai / yadyapi tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRttoM kA vikAsa bAda meM bhI huaa| saMbhavataH IsA kI 7vIM zatAbdI meM sarvaprathama tIrthaMkaroM ke suvyavasthita jIvanavRtta likhane ke prayatna kie gae, saMbhava hai tatsaMbaMdhita kucha avadhAraNAe~ pUrva meM bhI pracalita rahI hoN| AvazyakacUrNi (7vIM zatI) mahAvIra aura RSabha kA vistRta vivaraNa detI hai| 33 digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM meM lagabhaga IsA kI 9 vIM zatAbdI se hI hameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke suvyavasthita jIvanavRtta milane lagate haiN| yadyapi isa kAla ke lekhakoM ke sAmane kucha pUrva paramparAe~ avazya rahI hoMgI, jisa AdhAra para unhoMne ina caritroM kA vikAsa kiyA / vastutaH IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se 9 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA kAla hI aisA hai, jisameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM-saMbaMdhI avadhAraNA kA kramika vikAsa huaa| Azcaryajanaka yaha hai ki bauddha paramparA meM 24 buddhoM aura hindU - paramparA ke 24 avatAroM aura unake jIvanavRttoM ko bhI suvyavasthita rUpa isI kAla meM diyA gayA hai jo tulanAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| hindU paramparA meM avatAra kI avyavasthita avadhAraNA hameM bhAgavatapurANa meM milatI hai / itihAsavidoM ne bhAgavatapurANa kA kAla lagabhaga 9vIM zatAbdI mAnA hai, yahI kAla zIlAMka ke caupannamahApurisacariyaM evaM digambara - paramparA ke mahApurANa Adi kA hai| yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki 24 tIrthaMkaroM, 24 buddhoM aura 24 avatAroM kI avadhAraNA kAlakrama se vikasita hokara sunizcita huI hai| isI prasaMga atIta evaM anAgata tIrthaMkaroM aura buddhoM kI kalpanA vikasita huI, jo tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa kahI jA sakatI hai| - aba hama graMtha kI sImA ko dekhate hue bhUtakAlIna aura AgAmI tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma nirdeza ke sAtha vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta ke saMbaMdha meM saMkSipta rUpa se prakAza ddaaleNge| For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha : jaina-dharma tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA - vartamAna, atIta aura anAgata digambara-graMtha japasenapratiSThApATha ke nAmoM meM kucha bhinnatA kAla ke tIrthaMkara hai, usameM ina 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha milatA hai - yadyapi bhAgavata meM viSNu ke ananta avatAra batAe gae 1. nirvANa 2. sAgara 3. mahAsAdhu 4. vimalaprabha 5. haiM39phira bhI vaiSNavoM meM caubIsa avatAra kI avadhAraNA prasiddha zuddhAbhadeva 6. zrIdhara 7. zrIdatta 8. siddhAbhadeva 9. amalaprabha 10. uddhAradeva 11. agnideva 12. saMyama 13. ziva 14. puSpAMjali hai| usI prakAra jaina-graMtha mahApurANa meM yadyapi bhUta aura bhaviSya 15. utsAha 16. paramezvara 17. jJAnezvara 18. vimalezvara 19. kI ananta caubIsiyoM ke AdhAra para ananta jinoM kI kalpanA yazodhara 20. kRSNamati 21. jJAnamati 22. zuddhamati 23. zrIbhadra kI gaI hai| phira bhI jainoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA 24. anntviiry| hI adhika pracalati rahI hai tathA vividha kSetroM aura kAloM kI apekSA se ananta caubIsiyoM kI kalpanA kI gii| zvetAmbaragraMtha pravacanasAroddhAra aura digambaragraMtha jayasenapratiSThApATha meM bharatakSetra ke utsarpiNI-kAla ke atIta jambUdvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM vartamAna avasarpiNI-kAla ke tIrthaMkaroM - nirvANa, sAgara jina, vimala, zrIdhara, datta, zivagati, caubIsa tIrthaMkara isa prakAra hai41 - zaddhamati ke nAmoM meM samAnatA dikhAI detI hai evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM 1. RSabha 2. ajita 3. saMbhava 4. abhinandana 5. samati ke nAmoM meM donoM graMthoM meM bhinnatA hai| 6. padmaprabha 7. supArzva 8. candraprabha 9. suvidhi-puSpadanta 10. airAvata kSetra ke avasarpiNI-kAla ke atIta tIrthaMkaroM ke zItala 11. zreyAMsa 12. vAsupUjya 13. vimala 14. anaMta 15. saMbaMdha meM hameM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai| dharma 16. zAnti 17. kunthu 18. ara 11. malli 20. munisuvrata jambUdvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM AgAmI utsarpiNI-kAla meM 21. nami 22. nemi 23. pArzva aura 24. vrdhmaan| hone vAle caubIsa tIrthaMkara5 ye haiM - jambUdvIpa ke airAvata kSetra ke vartamAna avasarpiNI-kAla 1. mahApadma 2. sUradeva 3. supArzva 4. svayaMprabha 5. meM nimnAMkita caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiM - sarvAnubhUti 6. devazruta 7. udaya 8. peDhAlaputra 9. proSThila 10. 1. sucandra 2. agnisena 3. nandisena 4. RSidatta 5. zatakIrti 11. munisuvrata 12. sarvabhAvavita 13. amama 14. somacandra 6. yuktisena 7. ajitasena 8. zivasena 9. buddha 10. niSkaSAya 15. niSpulAka 16. nirmama 17. citragupta 18. devazarma 11. nikSiptazastra (zreyAMsa) 12. asaMjvala 13. samAdhigupta 19. saMvara 20. anivRtti 21. vijaya 22. vimala jinavRSabha 14. amitajJAnI ananta 15. upazAnta 16. guptisena 23. devopapAta aura 24. anntvijy| 17. atipArzva 18. supArzva 19. marudeva 20. dhara 21. zyAmakoSTha uparyukta tIrthaMkara AgAmI utsarpiNI kAla meM bharata kSetra 22. agnisena 23. agniputra 24. vaarissenn| meM dharmatIrtha kI dezanA kreNge| samavAyAMga meM to jambUdvIpa ke bharata-kSetra meM utsarpiNI kAla jambUdvIpa ke airAvata kSetra meM AgAmI utsarpiNI kAla meM ke atIta tIrthaMkaroM kA vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai, parantu pravacanasAroddhAra caubIsa tIrthaMkara hoMge46 meM nimnAMkita 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai|3 - 1.sumaMgala 2.siddhArtha 3.nirvANa 4. mahAyaza5. dharmadhvaja 1. kevalajJAnI 2. nirvANI 3. sAgarajina 4. mahAyaza 5. 6. zrIcandra 7. puSpaketa 8. mahAcandra kevalI 9.satasAgara arhana vimala 6. nAthasuteja (sAnubhUti) 7. zrIdhara 8. datta 9. dAmodara 10. siddhArtha 11. parNaghoSa 12. mahAghoSa kevalI 13. satyasena 10.suteja 11. svAmijina 12.zivAzI (munisuvrata) 13. sumati arhan 14. sUrasena arhan 15. mahAsena kevalI 16. sarvAnanda 14. zivagati 15. avAdha (astAga) 16. nAthanemIzvara 17. 17. devaputra arhan 18. supArzva 19. suvrata arhan 20. sukozala Anala 18. yazAdhara 19. jinakRtAtha 20. dhamAzvara (jinazvara) arhana 21. anantavijaya arhan 22. vimala arhan 23. mahAbala 21. zuddhamati 22. zivakarajina 23. syandana 24. smprtijin| arhana aura 24. devAnanda arhana /
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma uparokta caubIsa tIrthaMkara airAvata kSetra meM AgAmI utsarpiNI RSabhadeva ko hai| isa prakAra inheM bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kAla meM dharmatIrtha kI dezanA karane vAle hoNge| kA Adi puruSa mAnA jAtA hai| yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki inhoMne jisa prakAra bauddhoM meM sukhAvatIvyUha meM sadaiva buddhoM kI upasthiti sAmAjika jIvana meM sarvaprathama yogalika paramparA ko samApta mAnI gaI hai usI prakAra jainoM meM mahAvideha kSetra meM sadaiva bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI upasthiti mAnI hai| yadyapi unameM se pratyeka tIrthakara anusAra inake zarIra kI UMcAI 500 dhanuSa aura Aya 84 lAkha apanI Aya maryAdA parNa hone para siddha ho jAtA hai arthAta nirvANa pUrva varSa mAnI gaI hai| ye 83 lAkha pUrva varSa sAMsArika avasthA meM ko prApta kara letA hai kintu jisa samaya vaha nirvANa prApta karatA hai, rahe aura inhoMne 1/2 lAkha pUrva varSa taka saMyama kA pAlana kiyaa| usa samaya usI nAma kA dUsarA tIrthaMkara kaivalya prAptakara tIrthaMkara apane jIvana kI saMdhyAvelA meM inhoMne cAra hajAra logoM ke sAtha pada prApta kara letA hai, isa prakAra krama sadA calatA rahatA hai| saMnyAsa liyaa| inheM eka varSa ke kaThora tapa kI sAdhanA ke mahAvideha kSetra ke bIsa tIrthaMkara nimnalikhita haiM-47 pazcAt purimatAla udyAna meM bodhi prApta huI thii| jainoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki RSabhadeva ke sAtha saMnyAsa dharma ko aMgIkAra 1. sImandhara 2. yugandhara 3. bAhu 4. subAhu 5. saMjAta 6. karane vAle adhikAMza vyakti unake samAna kaThora AcaraNa kA svayaMprabha7. RSabhAnana 8. anantavIrya 9.sUriprabha 10.vizAlaprabha pAlana na kara pAe aura pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne apanI-apanI 11. vajradhara 12. candrAnana 13. candrabAhu 14. bhujaMgama 15. suvidhAoM ke anusAra vibhinna zramaNa-paramparAoM ko janma diyaa| Izvara 16. nemiprabhu 17. vIrasena 18. mahAbhadra 19. devayaza 20. unake pautra mArIci dvArA tridaMDI saMnyAsiyoM kI paramparA prAraMbha ajitviiry| huii| jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki RSabhadeva ke saMgha meM 84 gaNoM meM jainoM kI kalpanA hai ki samasta manuSyaloka (aDhAI dvIpa) vibhakta 84 gaNadharoM ke adhIna 84 hajAra zramaNa the, brAhmI ke vibhinna kSetroM meM eka sAtha adhikatama 170 aura nyUnatama pramukha tIna lAkha AryikAe~ thiiN| tIna lAkha pacAsa hajAra zrAvaka 20 tIrthaMkara sadaiva vartamAna rahate haiN| ina nyUnatama aura adhikatama aura pA~ca lAkha cauvana hajAra zrAvikAe~ thiiN| saMkhyA kA atikramaNa nahIM hogA, phira bhI eka tIrthaMkara kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM RSabhadeva ke 12 pUrva bhavoM dUsare tIrthaMkara se kabhI milApa nahIM hotaa| kA ullekha hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha usameM unake janma-mahotsava, 1. RSabhadeva nAmakaraNa, rUpa-yauvana, vivAha, gRhasthajIvana, santAnotpani, rAjyAbhiSeka, kalAoM kI zikSA, vairAgya, gRhatyAga aura dIkSA, RSabhadeva vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama tIrthaMkara sAdhanAkAla ke upasarga, ikSurasa se pAraNa, kevalajJAna, samavasaraNa, mAne jAte haiN|49 inake pitA nAbhi aura inakI mAtA marudevI saMghasthApanA aura upadeza Adi kA vistAra se varNana hai| thiiN| ye ikSvAku kula ke kAzyapa gotra meM utpanna hue the| inakA janmasthAna kozala janapada ke ayodhyA nagara meM mAnA jAtA hai| RSabhadeva kA ullekha anya paramparAoM meM bhI milatA hai| inakI do patniyA~ thIM - sunandA aura sumNglaa| bharata, bAhubali vaidika paramparA meM vedoM se lekara purANoM taka inake nAma kA Adi unake 100 putra aura brAhmI-sundarI do patriyA~ thIM51) ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| Rgveda meM aneka rUpoM meM inakI stati kI gaI hai| yadyapi Aja yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki Rgveda meM RSabhadeva usa kAla meM utpanna hue the, jaba manuSya prAkRtika varNita RSabhadeva vahI haiM, jo jainoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara haiM, kyoMki jIvana se nikalakara grAmINa evaM nagarIya jIvana meM praveza kara inake pakSa evaM vipakSa meM vidvAnoM ne apane tarka die haiN| tAMDya rahA thaa| mAnA jAtA hai ki RSabhadeva ne puruSa ko 72 aura brAhmaNa aura zatapatha brAhmaNa meM nAbhipatra RSabha aura RSabha ke striyoM ko 64 kalAoM kI zikSA dI thI, unhoMne apanI putrI patra bhArata kA ullekha hai|53 uttarakAlIna hinda-paramparA ke graMthoM brAhmI ko lipijJAna tathA sundarI ko gaNita viSaya meM pAraMgata zrImadabhAgavata.mArkaNDeyaparANa, karmaparANa, agnipurANa, vAyaparANa, banAyA thaa| jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra asi (sainyakarma), masi garama , mAsa garuDapurANa, viSNupurANa aura skandapurANa meM bhI RSabhadeva ke (vANijya) aura kRSi ko vyavasthita rUpa dene kA zreya bhI andaridridadidasardarariandiar35Harihariridesidiariwarisardaridrianardan nA
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________________ ullekha milate haiM / 54 zrImadbhAgavata aura paravartI purANoM meM se adhikAMza meM RSabhadeva kA varNana upalabdha hai, jo jaina - paramparA se bahuta sAmya rakhatA hai| yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma isa Rgveda ke 10veM maNDala ke sUtra 136 / 2 meM vAtarazanA zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 44 vyutpatti kI dRSTi se vAtarazana zabda ke do artha ho sakate haiM (1) vAta + azana arthAt vAyu hI jinakA bhojana hai, unheM vAtarazana kahA jA sakatA hai| (2) vAta+razana razana veSThana paricAyaka vastu hI jinakA vastra dRSTi se yaha nagna muni kA paricAyaka ho sakatA hai| taittirIya AraNyaka ke anusAra vAtarazanA kA artha nagna hotA hai| jainAcArya jinasena ne vAtarazanA kA artha digambara kiyA hai aura use RSabhadeva kA vizeSaNa batAyA hai| sAyaNa ne vAtarazanA kA artha vAtarazana kA putra kiyA hai kintu usakA artha vAtarazana ke anuyAyI karanA adhika ucita hai, kyoMki zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki RSabhadeva ne vAtarazanA zramaNoM ke dharma kA upadeza diyA / jaina purANa zrImadbhAgavata meM vAtarazanA ko jo RSabhadeva ke sAtha jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, samucita to pratIta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI sUcita karatA hai ki Rgvaidika kAla meM RSabha kI paramparA pracalita thii| 1 Rgveda meM 'ziznadevA' zabda AyA hai| 'ziznadeva' ke Rgveda meM do ullekha haiM- prathama (7 / 21 / 5) meM to kahA gayA hai ki ve hamAre yajJa meM vighna na DAleM aura dUsare (10/99/3) meM indra dvArA ziznadevoM ko mArakara zatadvAroM vAle durga kI nidhi para kabjA karane kA ullekha hai| isase yaha spaSTa siddha ho jAtA hai ki ziznadeva (nagnadeva) ke pUjaka vaidika paramparA ke virodhI aura Arthika dRSTi se saMpanna the| ziznadevA ke do artha ho sakate haiN| isakA eka artha hai zizna ko devatA mAnane vAle, dUsarA ziznayukta arthAt nagna devatA ko pUjane vaale| ina donoM arthoM meM se bhale hI kisI bhI artha ko grahaNa kareM kintu isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki Rgveda ke kAla meM eka paramparA thI, jo nagna devatAoM kI pUjA karatI thI aura yaha bhI satya hai ki RSabha kI paramparA nagna zramaNoM kI paramparA thii| Rgveda meM kezI kI stuti kie jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| kezI sAdhanAyukta kahe gae tathA agni, jala, pRthvI aura svarga ko dhAraNa karate haiN| sAtha hI sampUrNa vizva ke tattvoM kA darzana karate haiM aura unakI jJAnajyoti mAtra jJAnarUpa hI hai / 56 Rgveda meM eka anya sthala para kezI aura RSabha kA eka sAtha varNana huA hai / " zrImadbhAgavata meM RSabhadeva ke kezadhArI avadhUta ke rUpa meM paribhramaNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai"| jainamUrtikalA meM bhI RSabhadeva ke vakrakezoM kI paramparA atyanta prAcInakAla se pAyI jAtI hai| tIrthaMkaroM meM mAtra RSabhadeva kI mUrti ke sira para hI kuTila (vakra) keza dekhane ko milate haiM, jo ki unakA eka lakSaNa mAnA jAtA hai / padmapurANa evaM harivaMzapurANa meM bhI unakI laMbI jaTAoM ke ullekha pAe jAte haiM / ataH uparyukta sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki RSabhadeva kA hI dUsarA nAma 'kezI' rahA hogaa| purAtAttvika strotoM se bhI RSabhadeva ke bAre meM sUcanAe~ prApta huI haiN| DaoN. rAkhaladAsa banarjI dvArA sindhughATI kI sabhyatA kI khoja meM prApta sIla (muhara) saM. 449 para citralipi meM kucha likhA huA hai| ise zrI prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra ne jinezvaraH 'jinai-i- saraH' par3hA hai| rAmabahAdura candA kA kahanA hai ki sindhu ghATI se prApta muharoM meM eka mUrti mathurA ke RSabhadeva kI khaDgAsana mUrti ke samAna tyAga aura vairAgya ke bhAva pradarzita karatI hai| isa sIla meM jo mUrti utkIrNa hai usameM vairAgya bhAva to spaSTa hai hI, sAtha hI sAtha usake nIce ke bhAga meM RSabhadeva ke pratIka baila kA sadbhAva bhI hai| 11 DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ne sindhu sabhyatA kA adhyayana karate hue likhA ki phalaka 12 aura 118 AkRti 7 (mArzala kRta mohanajodar3o) kAryAtsarga mudrA meM khaDgAsana meM khar3e hue devatAoM ko sUcita karatI hai / yaha mudrA jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM se vizeSa rUpa se milatI hai| jaise - mathurA se prApta tIrthaMkara RSabha kI mUrti | muhara saMkhyA epha. jI. eca. phalaka do para aMkita devamUrti eka baila hI banA hai| saMbhava hai ki yaha RSabha kA pratIka rUpa ho| yadi aisA ho, to zaiva-dharma kI taraha jaina dharma kA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna sindhusabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai / 62 DaoN. viMsenTa e. smitha kA kahanA hai ki mathurA-saMbaMdhI khojoM se yaha phalita hotA hai ki jaina-dharma ke tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA I. san ke pUrva meM vidyamAna thii| RSabhAdi 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatA sudUra prAcInakAla meM pUrNatayA pracalita thii| isa prakAra RSabhadeva kI prAcInatA itihAsa ke sAhityika evaM monsvision 3 & thavidmonaidmene For Private Personal Use Only GRAC
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma - purAtAttvika donoM sAkSyoM se siddha hai| DaoN. ena.ena. basu kA mantavya jaina aura vaidika paramparA meM prAcInakAla se hI unakI hai ki brAhmIlipi kA prathama AviSkAra saMbhavataH RSabhadeva ne hI upasthiti kA jo saMketa milatA hai, vaha isa bAta kA bhI sUcaka kiyA thaa| apanI putrI ke nAma para isakA brAhmI nAma rkhaa| bhAgavata hai ki ve eka aitihAsika vyakti the aura mahAvIra tathA pArzva ke meM ve viSNu ke aSTama avatAra ke rUpa meM prakhyAta hue haiN|64 pUrva unakI zramaNa-paramparA jIvita thii| saMbhava hai ki mahAvIra ke sammukha RSabha aura pArzva donoM kI paramparA jIvita rahI ho tathA RSabha aura ziva mahAvIra ne pArzva kI paramparA kI apekSA RSabha kI paramparA ko sindhu ghATI meM milI mUrtiyoM aura sIloM kI devamUrti kA adhika mahattva diyA ho| samIkaraNa cAhe hama ziva se kareM yA RSabha se kareM bahuta aMtara Aja hamAre pAsa AjIvaka sampradAya kA koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| RSabha aura ziva ke saMdarbha meM jo kathAe~ milatI haiM, nahIM hai, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki AjIvakoM kI paramparA unase itanA spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM vaidika karma-kANDa ke mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke pUrva bhI pracalati thI, saMbhava hai ki virodhI the| digambara-vidvAna paM. kailAzacandrajI ne ziva aura AjIvakoM kI yaha paramparA RSabha kI paramparA rahI ho| paravartI vRSabha meM samIkaraNa khojane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaina-graMthoM meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAbhArata meM mahAdeva ke nAmoM meM ziva aura RSabha donoM ke dharma meM samAnatA hotI hai, vaha Akasmika nahIM hai| tArkika kA ullekha huA hai| atharvaveda ke 15veM vrAtya nAmaka kANDa meM AdhAra para hama itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki mahAvIra ne pArzva kI ekavrAtya ko mahAdeva bhI kahA gayA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki paramparA kI apekSA AjIvakoM ke rUpa meM jIvita RSabha kii| vrAtyoM, vAtarazanA muniyoM aura ziznadevoM kI koI eka paramparA nagnatAvAdI paramparA ko hI prAthamikatA dI aura svIkAra kiyaa| thI, jo vaidika kAla meM bhI pracalita thI aura yaha paramparA nizcita jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM ki paM. kailAzacandrajI hI veda-virodhI zramaNa-dhArA kI thii| vrAtya zabda kA artha bhI Adi kucha jaina-vidvAnoM ne ina saba ullekhoM ke AdhAra para vratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA, 'gI yA ghumakkar3a hotA hai| ye RSabha eka aitihAsika vyakti siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai sabhI bAteM zramaNoM meM pAI jAtI h| panaH atharvaveda meM vrAtyoM ko aura unakI samarUpatA ziva ke sAtha bhI sthApita kI gaI hai| mAgadha kahA gayA hai, isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve zramaNa , jisake AdhAra nimnalikhita haiM - paramparA ke hI loga the| yaha sunizcita satya hai ki magadha zramaNoM kA kendra sthala thaa| ina saba AdhAroM para aisA lagatA hai ki prathama to RSabha aura ziva donoM hI digambara haiN| ziva kA zramaNoM kI yahI paramparA vikasita hokara hinda dharma meM zaivoM vAhana nandI (vRSabha) hai, to vRSabha kA lAMchana bhI vRSabha hai| donoM arthAt ziva ke upAsakoM ke rUpa meM aura zramaNa-paramparA meM ___dhyAna, sAdhanA aura yoga ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN|65 jahA~ ziva RSabha ke anuyAyiyoM ke rUpa meM vikasita huii| hindU-purANoM meM ko kailAzavAsI mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ RSabha kA nirvANa bhI kailAza mArkaNDeya purANa, kUrma purANa, agni purANa, vAyu purANa, garuDa parvata (aSTApada) para batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra donoM vaidika purANa, brahmAMDa purANa, viSNu purANa, skanda purANa aura zrImadbhAgavata karmakANDa ke virodhI, nivRttimArgI aura dhyAna evaM yoga ke meM jo RSabhadeva kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai, usase itanA to prastotA haiN| yadyapi donoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatAe~ khojI jA nizcita hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki RSabha nizcita hI eka aitihAsika sakatI haiM, phira bhI paravartI sAhitya meM varNita donoM ke jIvanavRttoM puruSa rahe haiN| ke AdhAra para Aja yaha kahanA kaThina hI hai ki ve abhinna ___jainaparamparA meM RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyA~ tathA pUjA ke pramANa vyakti haiM yA alaga-alaga vyakti haiM; parantu isa samagra carcA se hameM IsA-pUrva prathama zatAbdI se milane lagate haiN| isa AdhAra para itanA niSkarSa avazya nikalatA hai ki RSabha ko bhAratIya hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki IsA pUrva meM bhI RSabhadeva jainaparamparA samAja aura saMskRti meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| yahI ke tIrthaMkara mAne jAte the| kAraNa hai ki hindU-paramparA unheM bhagavAn ke caubIsa avatAroM meM prathama mAnavIya avatAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| merciariandiaaidrosarokariwarstardarovarinidr 3 7 Haririamiricardiansarswamirsiandiardiarosarokaridra
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka granya : jaina-dharma bauddha-sAhitya meM dhammapada meM 'usabhaM paravaM vIraM' (422) sAdhanA ke pazcAt sAla vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevajJAna prApta huaa|76 ke rUpa meM RSabha kA ullekha hai, yadyapi yaha zabda brAhmaNa kA inhoMne sammetazikhara para nirvANa prApta kiyaa|77 inakI ziSyasampadA eka vizeSaNa hai athavA RSabha nAmaka tIrthaMkara ko sUcita meM 2 lAkha bhikSu aura 3 lAkha 36 hajAra bhikSuNayA~ thiiN| anya karatA hai, yaha vivAdAspada hI hai| maJjuzrImUlakalpa meM bhI nAbhiputra paramparAoM meM inakA ullekha hameM kahIM nahIM milatA hai| RSabha aura unake putra bharata kA ullekha upalabdha hai|66 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha hai| 2. ajita 4. abhinandana ajita jaina-paramparA ke dUsare tIrthaMkara mAne jAte haiN|67 abhinandana jaina-paramparA ke cauthe tIrthaMkara mAne jAte haiN| inake pitA kA nAma jitazatru aura mAtA kA nAma vijayA thA inake pitA kA nAma saMvara evaM mAtA kA nAma siddhArthA thA tathA tathA inakA janmasthAna ayodhyA mAnA gayA hai|68 inakA zarIra inakA janmasthAna ayodhyA mAnA gayA hai| inake zarIra kI 400 dhanuSa U~cA aura kAJcana varNa batAyA gayA hai|69 inhoMne bhI U~cAI 350 dhanuSa aura varNa sunaharA batAyA gayA hai| inhoMne apane jIvana ke antima caraNa meM saMnyAsa grahaNa kara 12 varSa jIvana ke antima caraNa meM 1000 manuSyoM ke sAtha saMnyAsa taka kaThina tapasyA kI, tatpazcAt sarvajJa bne| apanI 72 grahaNa kiyA aura kaThina tapasyA ke bAda sammetaparvata para nirvANa lAkha pUrva varSa kI sarva Ayu meM inhoMne 71 lAkha pUrva varSa gRhastha prApta kiyaa| 1 inhoMne apanI 50 lAkha pUrva varSa kI Ayu meM sAr3he dharma aura 1 lAkha pUrva varSa saMnyAsa dharma kA pAlana kiyaa|71 bAraha lAkha pUrva varSa kumAra avasthA meM, sADhe chattIsa lAkha pUrva varSa inake saMgha meM 1 lAkha muni aura 3 lAkha 30 hajAra sAdhviyA~ gRhastha jIvana meM aura eka lAkha pUrva varSa meM saMnyAsa dharma pAlana thiiN|72 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha hai kiyaa| inako priaMka vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta huA thaa| aura inheM sAgara cakravartI kA cacerA bhAI batAyA gayA hai| inake 3 lAkha muni aura 30 hajAra sAdhviyA~ thiiN|82 bauddha-paramparA meM ajita thera kA nAma milatA hai kinta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM - mahAbala rAjA inakI tIrthaMkara ajita se koI samAnatA parilakSita nahIM hotI aura anuttara svarga ke deva kA ullekha huA hai| hai| isI prakAra buddha ke samakAlIna tIrthaMkara kahe jAne vAle 6 vyaktiyoM meM eka ajitakezakambala bhI haiM kintu ye mahAvIra ke 5. sumati samakAlIna haiM, jabaki dUsare tIrthaMkara ajita mahAvIra ke bahuta sumati vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke pA~caveM tIrthaMkara mAne pahale ho cake haiN| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana kI sucanAnasAra Rgveda meM gae haiN| inake pitA kA nAma megha evaM mAtA kA nAma maMgalA bhI ajita kA nAma AtA hai- ye prAcIna haiM ata: inakI tIrthaMkara tathA inakA janma sthAna vinaya nagara mAnA gayA hai| inake zarIra ajita se ekarUpatA kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai kinta yahA~ kI U~cAI 300 dhanuSa aura varNa kAJcana mAnA gayA hai|5 inhoMne bhI mAtra nAma kI ekarUpatA ke atirikta anya koI pramANa jIvana kI antima saMdhyAvelA meM saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA thA aura upalabdha nahIM hai| 12 varSa kI kaThora sAdhanA ke pazcAt priyaMgu vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta kiyA thaa|6 inhoMne apanI 40 lAkha pUrva varSa 3. saMbhava kI Ayu meM 10 lAkha pUrva kumArAvasthA, 29 lAkha pUrva varSa saMbhava vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke tIsare tIrthaMkara mAne gRhastha jIvana aura 1 lAkha pUrva varSa saMnyAsa dharma kA pAlana gae haiN|73 inake pitA kA nAma jitAri evaM mAtA kA nAma kiyaa| inakI ziSyasampadA meM 3 lAkha 20 hajAra bhikSu aura 5 senAdevI thA tathA inakA janma-sthAna zrAvastI nagara mAnA gayA lAkha 30 hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thiiN| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM hai| inake zarIra kI U~cAI 400 dhanuSa, varNa kAJcana aura Ayu inake do pUrvabhavoM - puruSasiMha rAjakumAra aura RddhizAlI deva 60 lAkha pUrva varSa mAnI gaI hai|75 inhoMne bhI apane jIvana kI kA ullekha huA hai| saMdhyA-velA meM saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA aura 14 varSa kI kaThora anya paramparAoM meM hameM inakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai|
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________________ 5. padmaprabha jainaparamparA meM padmabhrama chaThe tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM mAne jAte haiN| inake pitA kA nAma dhara evaM mAtA kA nAma susImA thA tathA inakA janmasthAna kauzAmbI nagara mAnA gayA hai| inake zarIra kI U~cAI 250 dhanuSa evaM varNa lAla batAyA gayA hai / " inhoMne kaThina tapazcaraNa kara chatrAMga vRkSa ke nIce kevala - jJAna prApta kiyA thA / 11 inhoMne apanI 30 lAkha pUrva varSa kI Ayu sAr3he ikkIsa lAkha pUrva varSa gRhastha dharma aura eka lAkha pUrva varSa taka muni dharma kA pAlana kiyA / 12 meM yatIndrasAra smAraka grantha : inake saMgha meM 3 lAkha 30 hajAra muni evaM 4 lAkha 20 hajAra sAdhviyA~ thIM / 93 anya paramparAoM meM inakA bhI koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai| vaise padma rAma kA eka nAma hai kintu inakI rAma se koI samarUpatA nahIM dikhAI detI hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM- aparAjita mahArAjA aura graiveyaka deva kA ullekha huA hai| 7. supArzva supArzva vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke sAtaveM tIrthaMkara mAne gae haiM / 94 inakA janma vArANasI ke rAjA pratiSTha kI rAnI pRthvI kI kukSi se mAnA gayA hai| 15 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 200 dhanuSa aura varNa svarNima mAnA gayA hai / 96 inheM 9 mAha kI kaThina tapasyA ke pazcAt zirISa vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta huA" aura 20 lAkha pUrva varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karane ke pazcAt sammetazikhara para nirvANa prApta huaa| 18 inake saMgha meM 3 lAkha muni aura 4 lAkha 30 hajAra sAdhviyA~ thiiN|99 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM nandisena rAjA aura ahamindra deva kA ullekha huA hai| 8. candraprabha jaina - paramparA meM vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha mAne jAte haiN| 100 inake pitA kA nAma mahAsena aura mAtA kA nAma lakSaNA thA tathA inakA janmasthAna candrapura thA / 109 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 150 dhanuSa mAnI gaI hai / 102 inake zarIra kA varNa candramA ke samAna zveta batAyA gayA hai / 103 inako nAgavRkSa ke nIce bodhijJAna prApta huA thA / 104 inakI jaina-dharma ziSya-sampadA meM DhAI lAkha bhikSu aura 3 lAkha 80 hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thiiN|105 trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM - padma rAjA aura ahamindra deva kA ullekha milatA hai| anya paramparAoM meM inakA kahIM bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai| 9. suvidhi yA puSpadanta suvidhinAtha jaina- paramparA ke naveM tIrthaMkara mAne gae haiN| 106 inakA janma kAkandI nagarI ke rAjA sugrIva ke yahA~ huA thA aura inakI mAtA kA nAma rAmA thA / 107 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 100 dhanuSa batAI gaI hai| 108 inake zarIra kA varNa camakate hue candramA ke samAna batAyA gayA hai| 109 inako kAkandI nagarI ke bAhara udyAna meM mallikA vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta huA thA 110 tathA 2 lAkha pUrva varSa Ayu vyatIta karane ke pazcAt nirvANa lAbha huA thaa| 111 inake saMgha meM 2 lAkha sAdhu evaM 3 lAkha sAdhviyA~ thIM / 112 anya paramparAoM meM inakA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM mahApadma rAjA aura ahamindra deva kA varNana huA hai| 10. zItala zItala vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke dasaveM tIrthaMkara mAne gae haiM / 113 inake pitA kA nAbha dRr3haratha aura mAtA kA nAma nandA thA tathA inakA janmasthAna bhaddilapura mAnA gayA hai / 994 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 90 dhanuSa 115 aura varNa svarNima 116 batAyA gayA hai / inhoMne bhI apane jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM saMnyAsa grahaNa kara 3 mAha kI kaThina tapasyA ke pazcAt pIpala vRkSa ke nIce bodhi- jJAna prApta kiyA117 tathA sammetazikhara para nirvANa prApta kiyaa| 118 inakI ziSyasampadA meM eka lAkha sAdhu aura eka lAkha 20 hajAra sAdhviyA~ thIM / 119 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM - padmottara rAjA aura praNita svarga meM bIsa sAgara kI vAle deva ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karane kA ullekha hai| inakA bhI ullekha anya paramparAoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| 11. zreyAMsa jaina - paramparA meM zreyAMsa ko gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai|120 inakA janma siMhapura ke rAjA viSNu ke yahA~ 39 Eeaaoeevri For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka granya : jaina-dharma huA batAyA jAtA hai| inakI mAtA viSNu devI thiiN|121 inake 14. ananta zarIra kI U~cAI 80 dhanuSa tathA varNa svarNima batAyA gayA hai|122 ananta jaina-paramparA ke caudahaveM tIrthaMkara mAne gae haiN|538 inhoMne 2 mAha kI kaThina tapasyA ke bAda tinduka vRkSa ke nIce inake pitA kA nAma siMhasena evaM mAtA kA nAma suyazA aura bodhi-jJAna prApta kiyA thaa|123 inako bhI sammeta zikhara para janmasthala ayodhyA mAnA gayA hai| 139 inake zarIra kI U~cAI nirvANa prApta huA thaa|124 inake saMgha meM 84 hajAra bhikSu aura 1 50 dhanuSa aura varNa kAJcana batAyA gayA hai|140 inako azoka lAkha 6 hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thiiN|225 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta huA thaa|141 inhoMne 30 lAkha varSa inake do pUrvabhavoM - nalinIgulma rAjA aura RddhimAna deva kA kI Ayu pUrNa kara nirvANa prApta kiyaa|142 inakI ziSyasampadA ullekha huA hai| meM 66 hajAra bhikSu aura eka lAkha ATha sau bhikSuNiyoM ke hone anya paramparAoM meM inakA bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai| kA ullekha hai|143 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM - padmaratha rAjA aura puSpottara vimAna meM bIsa sAgaropama kI 12. vAsupUjya sthiti vAle deva kA ullekha hai| vAsupUjya vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke bArahaveM tIrthaMkara inakA ullekha hameM anya paramparAoM meM nahIM milatA hai| mAne jAte haiN|126 inake pitA kA nAma vasupUjya evaM mAtA kA nAma jayA thA tathA inakA janmasthAna campA mAnA gayA hai|127 15. dharma inake zarIra kI U~cAI 70 dhanuSa batAI gayI hai|128 inake zarIra dharma vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke paMdrahaveM tIrthaMkara mAne kA varNa lAla batAyA gayA hai|129 inhoMne bhI tapazcaraNa kara gae haiN|144 inake pitA kA nAma bhAnu evaM mAtA kA nAma suvRtA pATalA vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta kiyA thaa|130 inakI aura janmasthAna ratnapura mAnA gayA hai|45 inake zarIra kI U~cAI ziSya-sampadA meM 72 hajAra bhikSu aura eka lAkha 3 hajAra 45 dhanuSa aura varNa svarNima batAyA gayA hai|146 inhoMne jIvana bhikSaNiyA~ thiiN|139 triSaSTizalAkAparuSacaritra meM inake do parvabhavoM kI sAndhyavelA meM kaThina ra pAyA kara dadhiparNa vRkSa ke nIce - padmottara rAjA aura RddhimAnadeva kA ullekha milatA hai| kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa|147 inhoMne eka lAkha pUrva varSa kI Ayu anya paramparAoM meM inakA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| pUrNa kara nirvANa prApta kiyaa| jana-graMthoM ke anusAra inake saMgha 13. vimala meM 64 hajAra sAdhu evaM 62 hajAra 4 sau sAdhviyA~ thiiN| 148 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM - dRDharatha rAjA jaina-paramparA meM vimala ko terahavA~ tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA aura ahamindradeva kA varNana upalabdha hai| hai|932 inake pitA kA nAma kRtavarmA evaM mAtA kA nAma zyAmA anya paramparAoM meM inakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| aura janmasthAna kAmpilyapura mAnA gayA hai|133 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 60 dhanuSa aura raMga kAJcana batAyA gayA hai|134 inhoMne bhI 16. zAnti apane jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM kaThina tapasyA kI aura jambU jainaparamparA meM zAntinAtha kI saulahavA~ tIrthaMkara mAnA vRkSa ke nIce jJAna prApta kiyaa|235 apanI sATha lAkha varSa kI gayA hai|149 inake pitA kA nAma vizvasena evaM mAtA kA nAma Ayu pUrNa kara aMta meM sammetazikhara para nirvANa prApta kiyaa|136 acirA aura janmasthAna hastinApura mAnA gayA hai|150 inake zarIra inake saMgha meM 68 hajAra sAdhu evaM eka lAkha eka sau ATha kI U~cAI 40 dhanuSa aura varNa svarNima kahA gayA hai|51 inhoMne sAdhviyoM ke hone kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| 137 eka varSa kI kaThina tapasyA ke bAda nandI vRkSa ke nIce bodhijJAna triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM - padmasena raajaa| yA kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa|152 apanI eka lAkha varSa kI Ayu aura RddhimAna deva kA ullekha huA hai| pUrNa karane ke pazcAt inhoMne sammetazikhara para nirvANa prApta inakA bhI ullekha anya paramparAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| kiyaa|153 inakI ziSyasampadA meM 62 hajAra bhikSu aura 61 arodrowonodranoramidnoransarowaroonironirmward-[4 Hororobaroramoonawanirominodranitariwrotariimar
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________________ - yatIndrasUra smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma hajAra , sau bhikSuNiyA~ thIM, aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai| 154. rAjA zivi ne kabUtara se pUchA ki vaha bAja kauna thA? to triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM - megharatha rAjA kabUtara ne kahA - 'vaha bAja sAkSAt indra the aura maiM agni huuN| aura sarvArthasiddhi vimAna meM deva banane kA ullekha huA hai| rAjan ! hama donoM ApakI sAdhutA dekhane ke lie yahA~ Ae the|' yadyapi zAntinAtha kA ullekha bauddha evaM vaidika paramparAoM ina donoM kathAoM kA jaba tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra meM nahIM milatA hai kintu 'megharatha' ke rUpa meM inake pUrvabhava kI karate haiM, to dikhAI detA hai ki donoM meM hI jIvahiMsA ko pApa kathA hindU-purANoM meM mahArAja zivi ke rUpa meM milatI hai| batAyA gayA hai aura ahiMsA ke pAlana para jora diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna zAnti apane pUrvabhava meM rAjA megharatha the| usa yadyapi ina donoM kathAoM meM kathAnAyaka rAjA megharatha aura rAjA samaya jaba ve dhyAna-cintana meM lIna the, eka bhayAtura kapota zivi ke nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai kintu kathA kI viSayavastu aura prayojana arthAta prANirakSA donoM meM samAna hai| unakI goda meM girakara unase apane prANoM kI rakSA ke lie prArthanA karatA hai| jaise hI rAjA ne use abhayadAna diyA, usI samaya eka 17. kantha bAja upasthita hotA hai aura rAjA se prArthanA karatA hai ki kapota merA bhojya hai, ise chor3a deM kyoMki maiM bahuta bhUkhA huuN| kunthunAtha ko jaina-paramparA meM satrahavA~ tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA hai|155 inake pitA kA nAma sUrya, mAtA kA nAma zrI aura janmasthAna rAjA usa bAja se kahate haiM ki udara-pUrti ke lie hiMsA gajapura arthAt hastinApura mAnA gayA hai|156 inake zarIra kI U~cAI karanA ghora pApa hai, aba tumheM isa pApase se virata rahanA caahie| 35 dhanuSa aura varNa kAJcana batAyA gayA hai|157 inako tilaka zaraNAgata kI rakSA karanA merA dharma hai| kintu bAja para isa upadeza vRkSa ke nIce kaThina tapasyA ke pazcAt kevalajJAna prApta huA kA koI asara nahIM huaa| aMta meM bAja, kabUtara ke barAbara mA~sa thaa|158 apanI 95 hajAra varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karane ke bAda inhoMne milane para kabUtara ko chor3a dene para rAjI ho gyaa| rAjA megharatha / bhI sammetazikhara para nirvANa prApta kiyaa|159 inake saMgha meM 60 ne tarAjU ke eka palar3e meM kabUtara ko aura dUsare palar3e meM apanI hajAra sAdha evaM 60 hajAra 6 sau sAdhviyoM ke hone kA ullekha zarIra se mAMsa ke Tukar3oM ko rakhanA zurU kara diyaa| parantu kabUtara hai|160 triSaSTizalAkAparuSacaritra meM inake do parvabhavoM - siMhAvaha vAlA palar3A bhArI par3atA rahA, aMta meM jyoM hI rAjA usa palar3e meM rA par3atA rahA, ata ma jyA hA rAjA usa palar3a ma rAjA aura ahamindra deva kA ullekha hai| baiThane ko tatpara hue usI samaya eka deva prakaTa huA aura unakI prANirakSA kI vRtti kI prazaMsA kii| kabUtara evaM bAja adRzya ho inake viSaya meM anya paramparAoM meM koI ullekha nahIM ge| rAjA pahale kI taraha svastha ho ge| milatA hai| isI taraha kI kathA mahAbhArata ke vanaparva meM rAjA zivi 18. aranAtha kI ullekhita hai| rAjA zivi apane divya siMhAsana para baiThe hue aranAtha vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke aTThArahaveM tIrthaMkara the, eka kabUtara unakI goda meM giratA hai aura apane prANoM kI mAne gae haiN|169 inake pitA kA nAma sudarzana, mAtA kA nAma rakSA ke lie prArthanA karatA hai - 'mahArAja bAja merA pIchA kara / zrIdevI aura janmasthAna hastinApura mAnA gayA hai|962 inake zarIra rahA hai, maiM ApakI zaraNa meM AyA hU~' itane meM bAja bhI upasthita kI U~cAI 30 dhanuSa aura raMga svarNima batAyA gayA hai|63 inhoMne ho jAtA hai aura kahatA hai ki 'mahArAja kapota merA bhojya hai, ise jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM saMnyAsa grahaNa kara tIna varSa taka Apa mujhe deM rAjA ne kapota dene se manA kara diyA aura badale meM apanA mA~sa denA svIkAra kiyaa| tarAjU ke eka palar3e meM kaThora tapasyA kI, tatpazcAt sarvajJa bne|164 inako kevalajJAna kapota aura dUsare meM rAjA zivi apane dAyIM jAMgha se mA~sa kATa Amra vRkSa ke nIce prApta huaa|165 apanI 84 hajAra varSa kI kATakara rakhane lage, phira bhI kapota vAlA palar3A bhArI hI par3atA Ayu pUrNa kara inhoMne bhI sammetazikhara para nirvANa prApta rhaa| ata: svayaM rAjA tarAjU ke palar3e para car3ha ge| aisA karane para kiyaa|966inkii ziSya-sampadA meM 50 hajAra sAdhu evaM 60 hajAra tanika bhI unheM kleza nahIM huaa| yaha dekhakara bAja bola uThA - 'ho / sAdhviyA~ thIM, aisA ullekha hai|167 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM gaI kabUtara kI rakSA' aura vaha antardhAna ho gyaa| inake do pUrvabhavoM - dhanapati rAjA aura maharddhika deva kA ullekha
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma huA hai| 19. malli paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne 'jaina-sAhitya kA vRhad "malli" ko isa avasarpiNI kAla kA 19vA~ tIrthaMkara itihAsa' kI bhUmikA meM ara kI bauddhaparamparA ke araka buddha se mAnA gayA hai|171 inake pitA kA nAma kuMbha aura mAtA kA nAma samAnatA dikhAI hai| bauddha-paramparA meM araka nAmaka buddha kA prabhAvatI thaa| malli kI janmabhUmi videha kI rAjadhAnI mithilA ullekha prApta hotA hai| bhagavAna buddha ne pUrvakAla meM hone vAle mAnI gaI hai|972 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 25 dhanuSa aura raMga sA~valA sAta zAstA vItarAga tIrthaMkaroM kI bAta kahI hai| Azcarya yaha hai mAnA gayA hai|973 sambhavataH jaina-paramparA ke aMga-sAhitya meM ki usameM bhI inheM tIrthaMkara (titthakara) kahA gayA hai|168 isI mahAvIra ke bAda yadi kisI kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai, to prasaMga meM bhagavAn buddha ne araka kA upadeza kaisA thA, isakA vaha malli kA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM malli ke jIvana vRtta kA varNana kiyA hai| unakA upadeza thA ki sUrya ke nikalane para jaise vistAra se ullekha upalabdha hai| jainadharma kI zvetAmbara aura ghAsa para sthita osabindu tatkAla vinaSTa ho jAte haiM, vaise hI digambara paramparAe~ malli ke jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM vizeSa taura manuSya kA yaha jIvana bhI maraNazIla hotA hai, isa prakAra osa se isa bAta ko lekara ki ve puruSa the yA strI matabheda rakhatI hai| bindu kI upamA dekara jIvana kI kSaNikatA169 batAI gaI hai| digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA hai ki malli puruSa the, jabaki uttarAdhyayana meM bhI eka gAthA isI taraha kI upalabdha hai - zvetAmbara paramparA unheM strI mAnatI hai| sAmAnyatayA jaina-paramparA 'kusagge jaha osabindue thovaM ciTThai lNbmnnie| meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki puruSa hI tIrthaMkara hotA hai, kintu zvetAmbara evaM maNayANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama mA pmaaye|| '170 Agama-sAhitya meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki isa kAlacakra meM jo vizeSa Azcaryajanaka 10 ghaTanAe~ huIM, unameM mahAvIra kA garbhApaharaNa isameM bhI jIvana kI kSaNikatA ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai| aura malli kA strI rUpa meM tIrthaMkara honA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| ataH bhagavAn buddha dvArA varNita araka kA hama jainaparamparA ke aTaThArahaveM tIrthaMkara ara ke sAtha kacha mela baiThA sakate haiM yA zvetAmbara-Agama jJAtAdharmakathA ke anusAra malli ke nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| jainazAstroM ke AdhAra se ara kI Ayu / sauMdarya para mohita hokara sAketa ke rAjA pratibuddha, campA ke rAjA 84000 varSa mAnI gaI hai aura unake bAda hone vAle malli candrachAga, kuNAla ke rAjA rukmi, vArANasI ke rAjA zaMkha, tIrthakara kI Aya 55 hajAra varSa hai| ataeva paurANika daSTi se hastinApura ke rAjA adInazanu aura kampilapura ke rAjA jitazatra. vicAra kiyA jAe, to araka kA samaya ara aura malli ke bIca / ThaharatA hai| isa Ayu ke bheda ko na mAnA jAe, to itanA kahA hI chahoM ko samajhAkara vairAgya ke mArga para lagA diyaa| ina sabhI ne chahA kA ra jA sakatA hai ki ara yA araka nAmaka koI mahAn vyakti malli ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| malli ne jisa dina saMnyAsa prAcIna purANakAla meM huA thA, jinase bauddha aura jaina donoM ne grahaNa kiyA, usI dina unheM kevalajJAna utpanna ho gyaa| malli ke tIrthaMkara kA pada diyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai 40 hajAra zramaNa, 50 hajAra zramaNiyA~ aura 1 lAkha 84 hajAra ki isa araka se bhI pahale baddha ke mata se aranemi nAmaka eka gRhastha upAsaka tathA 3 lAkha 65 hajAra gRhastha upAsikAeM thiiN|74 tIrthaMkara hue haiN| bauddha-paramparA meM batAe gae aranemi aura jaina jaina-paramparA ke anusAra inhoMne sammetazikhara para nirvANa tIrthaMkara ara kA bhI koI saMbaMdha ho sakatA hai, yaha vicAraNIya prApta kiyaa|175 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do puurvbhvoNhai| nAmasAmya to AMzika rUpa se hai hI aura donoM kI paurANikatA mahAbala rAjA aura ahamindra deva kA ullekha huA hai| bhI mAnya hai| hamArI dRSTi meM araka kA saMbaMdha ara se aura aranemi kA saMbaMdha ariSTanemi se jor3A jA sakatA hai| bauddha-paramparA meM 20. munisuvrata araka kA jo ullekha hameM prApta hotA hai, use hama jaina-paramparA jaina-paramparA meM bIsaveM tIrthaMkara muni savrata mAne gae haiN|176 ke aratIrthaMkara ke kAphI samIpa pAte haiN| inake pitA kA nAma sumitra, mAtA kA nAma padmAvatI aura janmasthAna rAjagRha mAnA gayA hai|77 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 20 dhanuSa aura ravirariabeshiorestriariwariwaridroidrowardrowini 4 2odmonitorinsionidiodominiromidnirdestoribards
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha : jaina-dharma varNa gaharA nIlA mAnA gayA hai|978 inhoMne jIvana kI saMdhyAvelA meM mAne gae haiN|188 ye pArzva ke pUrvavartI tIrthakara tathA kRSNa ke campaka vRkSa ke nIce kaThora tapasyA kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA 79 samakAlIna mAne gae haiN| inake pitA kA nAma samudravijaya aura aura apanI 30 hajAra varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara nirvANa ko prApta mAtA kA nAma zivAdevI kahA jAtA hai| inakA janmasthAna zaurIpura kiyaa|280 inake saMgha meM 30 hajAra muniyoM evaM 50 hajAra sAdhviyoM ke mAnA gayA hai|89 inakI U~cAI 10 dhanuSa aura varNa sA~valA hone kA ullekha hai|181 triSaSTikAlapuruSacaritra meM inake do pUrvabhavoM- thaa|190 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake nau pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha surazreSTha rAjA aura ahamindra deva kA ullekha hai| huA hai - dhanakumAra, aparAjita aadi| inake eka bhAI rathanemi inake viSaya meM anya paramparAoM meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| the199 jinakA vizeSa ullekha uttarAdhyayana ke 22veM adhyAya meM upalabdha hotA hai| rAjImatI ke sAtha inakA vivAha nizcita ho 21. nami gayA thA, kintu vivAha ke samaya jAte hue inhoMne mArga meM aneka naminAtha vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara pazu-pakSiyoM ko eka bAr3e meM baMda dekhA, to inhoMne apane sArathi mAne gae haiN|282 inakA janma mithilA ke rAjA vijaya kI rAnI se jAnakArI prApta kI ki ye saba pazu-pakSI kisalie bADe meM vaprA kI kukSi se mAnA gayA hai|183 inake zarIra kI U~cAI 15 baMda kara die gae haiN| sArathi ne batAyA ki ye Apake vivAhotsava dhanaSa aura varNa kAJcana mAnA gayA hai|184 inhoMne vorasalI vakSa ke ke bhoja meM mAre jAne ke lie isa bAr3e meM baMda kie gae haiN| nIce kaThina tapasyA kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa|185 apanI 10 ariSTanemi ko yaha jAnakara bahuta dhakkA lagA ki mere vivAha ke hajAra varSa kI Aya vyatIta kara inhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyaa|186 nimitta itane pazu-pakSiyoM kA vadha hogA. ataH ve bArAta se binA inakI ziSya-sampadA meM 20 hajAra bhikSu aura 41 hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ vivAha kie hI vApasa lauTa Ae tathA virakta hokara kucha thIM, aisA ullekha hai|187 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inake do samaya ke pazcAt saMnyAsa le liyaa| inako saMnyAsa grahaNa karane pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha hai - siddhArtha rAjA aura aparAjita vimAna ke 54 dina pazcAt kevalajJAna prApta huaa| rAjImatI, jisase meM 33 sAgara kI Ayu vAle dev| unakA vivAha sambandha taya ho gayA thA, ne bhI unakA anusaraNa karate hue saMnyAsa grahaNa kara liyaa| bauddha evaM hindU paramparAoM meM inakA ullekha upalabdha hai| bauddha-paramparA meM nami nAmaka pratyekabuddha kA aura hindU-paramparA ariSTanemi ke 18 hajAra bhikSu aura 40 hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ meM mithilA ke rAjA ke rUpa meM nami kA ullekha hai| thiiN| 192 inako nirvANalAbha urjayanta zikhara para huA thaa|193arissttnemi mahAbhArata ke kAla meM hue the| mahAbhArata kA uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 9veM adhyayana 'namipravajyA' meM nami ke kAla I.pU. 1000 ke lagabhaga kahA jAtA hai| mahAbhArata ke kAla upadeza vistAra se saMkalita haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM anya paramparA ke ke sambandha meM matabheda ho sakatA hai, kintu yaha satya hai ki kRSNa RSiyoM ke rUpa meM tathA uttarAdhyayana ke 18veM adhyayana meM mahAbhArata-kAla meM hue the aura ariSTanemi yA neminAtha unake pratyekabuddha ke rUpa meM bhI nami kA ullekha hai| yadyapi tIrthaMkara cacere bhAI the| DaoN. phuharara (Fuhrer) ne jainoM ke 22veM tIrthaMkara nami aura ina graMthoM meM varNita nami eka hI haiM, yaha vivAdAspada hai| neminAtha ko aitihAsika vyakti mAnA hai| 194 anya vidvAnoM ne jainAcArya inheM bhinna-bhinna vyakti mAnate haiM - kintu hamArI dRSTi bhI neminAtha ko aitihAsika puruSa mAnA hai| pro. prANanAtha meM ve eka hI vyakti haiM, vastuta: nami kI carcA usa yuga meM vidyAlaMkAra ne kAThiyAvAr3a meM prabhAsapaTTana nAmaka sthAna se prApta sarvasAmAnya thI - ataH jainoM ne unheM Age calakara tIrthaMkara ke eka tAmrapatra ko par3hakara batAyA hai ki vaha bAbula deza (Babylonia) rUpa meM mAnya kara liyaa| uttarAdhyayana ke 'nami' tIrthaMkara nami hI haiM, kyoMki donoM kA janmasthAna bhI mithilA hI hai| ke samrATa nebuzadanejara ne utkIrNa karAyA thA, jinake pUrvaja revAnagara ke rAjyAdhikArI bhAratIya the| samrAT nebuzadanejara ne bhArata meM 22. ariSTanemi Akara giranAra parvata para neminAtha bhagavAn kI vandanA kI thii| ariSTanemi vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara / isase neminAtha kI aitihAsikatA spaSTa rUpa se siddha ho jAtI hai|
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma . jaina-paramparA ke anusAra ariSTanemi kRSNa ke cacere bhAI se adhika prAcIna nahIM hai| mauryakAlIna abhilekhoM meM nirgranthoM the| aMtakRddazAMga ke anusAra kRSNa ke aneka putroM aura patniyoM kA to ullekha hai, kintu pArzva kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| ne ariSTanemi ke samIpa saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA thaa| jaina-AcAryo paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para pArzvanAtha mauryakAla ne inake jIvanavRtta ke sAtha-sAtha kRSNa ke jIvanavRtta kA bhI se 400 varSa parva hae haiM. kinta inake sambandha meM abhilekhIya kAphI vistAra ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai| jaina-harivaMzapurANa meM sAkSya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA upalabdha hai|200 mathurA ke tathA uttarapurANa meM inake aura zrIkRSNa ke jIvanavRtta vistAra ke abhilekha (saMkhyA 83) meM sthAnIya kula ke gaNi uggahIniya ke sAtha ullekhita haiN| Rgveda meM ariSTanemi ke nAma kA ullekha ziSya vAcaka ghoSa dvArA arhat pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA ko hai| kintu nAma ullekha mAtra se yaha nirNaya kara pAnA atyaMta sthApita karane kA ullekha hai| DA jekobI ne bauddha-sAhitya kaThina hai ki vedoM meM ullikhita ariSTanemi jainoM ke 22veM ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para nirgrandha sampradAyakA astitva pramANita tIrthaMkara haiM yA koI aur| jaina-paramparA ariSTanemi ko zrIkRSNa kA karate hae likhA hai ki "bauddha nirgrantha sampradAya ko eka pramukha guru mAnatI hai| isI AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne chAndogya upaniSad meM sampradAya mAnate the, kintu nirgrantha apane pratidvaMdvI arthAt bauddhoM devakIpatra kRSNa ke guru ghora aMgirasa ke sAtha ariSTanemi kI sAmyatA kI upekSA karate the| isase hama isa nirNaya para pahu~cate haiM ki buddha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| dharmAnanda kozAmbI kA mantavya hai ki ke samaya nigraMtha-sampradAya koI navIna sthApita sampradAya nahIM aMgirasa bhagavAna neminAtha kA hI nAma thaa|196 yaha nizcita hI thaa| yahI mata piTakoM kA bhI jAna par3atA hai|" 202 satya hai ki ariSTanemi aura ghora aMgirasa donoM hI ahiMsA ke prabala DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne likhA hai - "bauddha-grantha samarthaka haiM kintu isa ariSTanemi kI nAma -sAmyatA bauddha paramparA 'aMguttaranikAya' 'catukkanipAta' (vagga 5) aura usakI 'aTThakathA' ke aranemi buddha se bhI dekhI jAtI hai, jo vicAraNIya hai| meM ullekha hai ki gautama buddha kA cAcA (vappa zAkya) nigraMtha 23. pArzvanAtha zrAvaka thaa|203 aba yahA~ yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki ye nirgrantha kauna the? ye mahAvIra ke anuyAyI to ho nahIM sakate, pArzva ko vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla kA teIsavA~ tIrthaMkara kyoMki mahAvIra buddha ke samasAmayika haiN| isase isa bAta kI mAnA gayA hai|90 mahAvIra ke atirikta jaina-tIrthaMkaroM meM pArzva puSTi hotI hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha se pahale nirgranthoM kI koI hI eka aise vyakti haiM, jinako asandigdha rUpa se aitihAsika paramparA avazya rahI hogI, jisakA anuyAyI buddha kA cAcA thaa| vyakti mAnA jA sakatA hai| inake pitA kA nAma azvasena, mAtA ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki buddha aura mahAvIra ke pUrva pArvApatyoM kA nAma vAmA aura janmasthAna vArANasI mAnA gayA hai| 198 kI paramparA rahI hogii| pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha kI inake zarIra kI U~cAI nau ratni arthAt nau hAtha tathA varNa zyAma paramparA kA eka aura pramANa yaha hai ki saccaka kA pitA nirgrantha mAnA gayA hai| 199 inake pitA vArANasI ke rAjA the| jaina-kathA - zrAvaka thaa| saccaka dvArA mahAvIra ko parAsta karane kA AkhyAna sAhitya meM hameM unake do nAma upalabdha hote haiM - azvasena aura bhI milatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki saccaka aura mahAvIra hysen| mahAbhArata meM vArANasI ke jina rAjAoM kA ullekha 4 samakAlIna the| astu saccaka ke pitA kA nirgrantha zrAvaka honA upalabdha hai, unameM se eka nAma haryaazva bhI hai, sambhAvanA kI yaha siddha karatA hai ki mahAvIra ke pUrva bhI koI nirgrantha-paramparA jA sakatA hai ki hayaazva aura azvasena eka hI vyakti raha haa| thI. jo pArzvanAtha kI hI paramparA rahI hogii|204 pArzva kI aitihAsikatA - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra majjhimanikAya ke 'mahAsiMhanAdasatta' meM buddha ne apane kisI bhI vyakti kI aitihAsikatA siddha karane ke lie prArambhika kaThora tapasvijIvana kA varNana karate hae tapa ke cAra abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA prakAra batalAe haiM - tapasvitA. rUkSatA. jagapsA aura prviviktaa| hai| pArzva kI aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM abhI taka IsA pUrva kA jinakA unhoMne svayaM pAlana kiyA aura pIche unakA parityAga koI abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha nahIM huA hai| bhArata meM prApta kara diyA thaa|205 ina cAroM tapoM kA mahAvIra evaM unake anuyAyiyoM abhI taka par3he jA sakane vAle prAcInatama abhilekha mauryakAla
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________________ ne pAlana kiyA thaa| buddha ke dIkSA lene ke samaya taka mahAvIra ke nirgrantha-sampradAya kA pravartana nahIM huA thA / ataH yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha nirgrantha-sampradAya avazya hI mahAvIra ke pUrvaja pArzvanAtha kA rahA hogaa| yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma yaha sambhava hai ki prathama mahAvIra ne pArvApatyoM kI paramparA kA anusaraNa kara eka vastra grahaNa kiyA ho, kintu Age calakara AjIvaka paramparA ke anurUpa acelatA kA anugamana kara liyA ho / uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se mahAvIra ko acela dharma aura nAtha ko sacelaka dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai / 206 sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI Adi meM milane vAle pAzrvApatyoM ke ullekhoM se aura unake dvArA mahAvIra kI paramparA svIkAra karane sambandhI vivaraNoM se nirvivAda rUpa se yaha siddha hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika vyakti the, kAlpanika nahIM / pArzva evaM unakI paramparA kI aitihAsikatA tathA unakI dArzanika aura dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM paMDita sukhalAlajI ne apane graMtha 'cAra tIrthaMkara' meM, paMDita dalasukhabhAI ne 'jaina - satyaprakAza' meM prakAzita pArzva para likhe apane zodha lekha meM, zrI devendra muni zAstrI ne apane grantha 'bhagavAn pArzva eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' meM aura DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apane grantha 'arhata pArzva aura unakI paramparA' meM paryApta rUpa se prakAza DAlA hai| vidvAn pAThakagaNa use vahA~ dekha sakate haiN| yadyapi yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki hindU aura bauddha-sAhitya meM kahIM bhI pArzva ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki prAcIna jaina-AgamasAhitya ke aneka graMtha yathA-RSibhASita, sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana, kalpasUtra Adi meM pArzva aura unake anuyAyiyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| RSibhASita to IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| usameM inakA ullekha inakI aitihAsikatA ko pramANita karatA hai| bauddha pAli-tripiTakasAhitya meM bhI jina cAturyAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai, unakA sambandha pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se hai| pArzvanAtha ne vizeSa rUpa se deha - daNDana kI prakriyA kI AlocanA kI tathA jJAna sambandhI aura vivekayukta tapa ko hI zreSTha btaayaa| jaina - paramparA meM puruSAdAnIya ke rUpa meM inakA bar3e Adara ke sAtha ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM pArzva ko mahAvIra se bhI adhika mahattva prApta hai| unheM vighna haraNa karane vAlA batalAyA gayA hai| unake yakSa kA nAma pArzva batalAyA gayA hai male i aura usakI AkRti hindU paramparA ke gaNeza ke samAna mAnI gaI hai, jo ki vighnahArI devatA haiN| pArzvanAtha kA vihAra-kSetra amalakappA, zrAvastI, campA, nAgapura, sAketa, ahicchatra, mathurA, kAmpilya, rAjagRha, kauzAmbI, hastinApura Adi rahA hai| jainamAnyatA ke anusAra inhoMne sammeta zikhara parvata para sau varSa kI Ayu meM parinirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| Aja bhI sammeta zikhara pArzvanAtha pahAr3a ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| pArzvanAtha ke solaha hajAra bhikSu aura ar3atIsa hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thIM / triSaSTizalAkA - puruSacaritra meM inake 10 pUrva bhavoM kA ullekha hai / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ne pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ko deza aura kAla ke anusAra saMzodhita kara naye rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa| prAcIna jaina - sAhitya ko dekhane para yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki prArambha meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI paramparA meM matabheda rahA, kintu Age calakara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA mahAvIra kI paramparA meM vilIna ho gii| pArzva kA avadAna bhAratIya saMskRti meM zramaNa-dhArA kA Avazyaka ghaTaka tapa evaM tyAga ko mAnA gayA hai aura yahI isakI pratiSThA kA kAraNa rahA hai| pArzvanAtha isI zramaNa paramparA ke pratipAdaka haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti ko pArzva ke avadAna kI carcA karate hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki yadyapi zramaNoM ne vaidikoM ke hiMsaka yajJoM kA virodha kiyA hI, sAtha hI unakI karmakANDIya prathA kA bhI bahiSkAra kiyA thA, phira bhI zramaNa-dhArA meM karmakANDa praviSTa kara hI gayA thA, kyoMki unake tapa aura tyAga viveka pradhAna na rahakara rUr3hivAdI karma-kANDIya prathA ke anurUpa bana gae the| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke yuga meM zramaNa -dhArAntargata tapa aura tyAga ke sAtha karma-kANDa pUrI taraha jur3a gayA thA aura tapa deha- daNDana aura bAhyADambara mAtra raha gyaa| kaThoratama deha - daNDana dvArA loka meM pratiSThA pAnA zramaNoM aura saMnyAsiyoM kA ekamAtra uddezya bana gayA thaa| sambhavata: upaniSadoM kI jJAnamArgI dhArA abhI pUrNatayA vikasita nahIM ho pAI thI, tadartha pArzvanAtha ne deha - daNDana aura karmakANDa donoM kA virodha kiyaa| kamaTha tApasa ke deha-daMDana kI AlocanA karate hue unhoMne kahA - 'tumhArI isa sAdhanA meM AdhyAtmika AnandAnubhUti kahA~ haiM ? isameM na to svahita hI hai aura na parahita athavA bhI mitt[84fer For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ . yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma lokahita hii| eka ora to tuma svayaM agni dvArA apane zarIra ko prakAra kI karma-graMthi kA sRjana nahIM karatA hai aura phalata: nAraka, jhulasA rahe ho, to dUsarI ora aneka choTe-bar3e jIva-jantuoM deva, manuSya aura pazu gati ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| RSibhASita meM ko bhI jalA rahe ho, mAtra yahI nahIM, isa lakkar3a ke Tukar3e meM upalabdha pArzva ke upadezoM se aisA lagatA hai ki jaina-darzana kI nAga-yugala bhI jala rahA hai|' unakI isa bAta kI puSTi hetu lakkar3a paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA, aSTakarma kA siddhAMta aura cAturyAmako cIrakara nAga-yugala ke prANoM kI rakSA kI gii| isase yaha dharma kA pAlana, ye pArzva kI mUlabhUta mAnyatAe~ thiiN| pArzva ke darzana bodha hotA hai ki pArzva ke anusAra vaha sAdhanA jo AtmapIDana aura ciMtana ke kucha rUpa hameM pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM kI mahAvIra aura parapIDana se jur3I ho sacce arthoM meM sAdhanA nahIM kahI jA aura unake ziSyoM ke sAtha huI paricarcA se prApta ho jAte haiN| sktii| sAdhanA meM jJAna aura viveka kA honA Avazyaka hai| bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana Adi meM upalabdha pArzva kI paramparA deha-daNDana, jisameM jJAna aura viveka ke tattva nahIM hai, Atma- ke ciMtana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki pArzva kI paramparA pIr3ana se adhika kucha nahIM hai| deha ko pIr3A denA sAdhanA nahIM hai| ___ meM tapa, saMyama, asrava aura nirjarA kI suvyavasthita avadhAraNA sAdhanA se to manovikAroM meM nirmalatA AtI hai evaM AtmA meM __ thii| pArzva kI anya samasta avadhAraNAoM ke sandarbha meM DaoN sahaja Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai| pArzvanAtha kI yaha zikSA, sAgaramala jaina ne apane graMtha 'arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA' ho sakatA hai ki karmaTha jaise tApasoM ko acchI nahIM lagI ho, kintu meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai. ve likhate haiM - "sata kA utpAdaisameM eka satya nihita hai| dharma-sAdhanA ko na to Atma-pIDana ke vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka honA, paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA, aSTa prakAra sAtha jor3anA cAhie aura na para-pIDana ke saath| vAsanA evaM kI karma graMthiyA~, zubhAzubha karmoM ke zubhAzubha vipAka, karmavipAka vikAroM se mukti hI vAstavika artha meM mukti hai|207 ke kAraNa cAroM gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa tathA sAmAyika, saMvara, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne apane yuga meM eka pratyAkhyAna, nirjarA, vyutsarga Adi sambandhI avadhAraNAe~ mahattvapUrNa krAMti ke dvArA sAdhanA ko sahaja banAkara jJAna aura pApitya-paramparA meM spaSTa rUpa se upasthita thiiN|"208 viveka ke tattva ko pratiSThita kiyA hogaa| isa prakAra pArzva ne dharma aura sAdhanA ko para-pIDana aura Atma-pIDana se makta 24. vadhamAna mahAvIra karake Atma-zodhana yA nirvikAratA kI sAdhanA ke sAtha jor3ane mahAvIra vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke caubIsaveM aura aMtima kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura unakI yahI zikSA bhAratIya saMskRti tIrthaMkara mAne jAte haiN|209 inake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha aura mAtA aura zramaNa-paramparA ko sabase bar3A avadAna kahA jA sakatA hai| kA nAma trizalA kahA jAtA hai, inakA janma-sthAna kuNDapura grAma batAyA jAtA hai|290 mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta ko lekara jainoM kI pArzva kA dharma evaM darzana zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM aneka bAtoM meM matabheda haiN| RSibhASita (I.pa. tIsarI-cauthI zatI) meM pArzva ke zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anasAra mahAvIra kA jIva sarvaprathama dArzanika mAnyatAoM aura dhArmika upadezoM kA ullekha upalabdha brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha meM AyA thA aura usake pazcAta indra ho jAtA hai| hama usI adhyAya ke AdhAra para unake dharma evaM ke dvArA unakA garbhApaharaNa karAkara unheM siddhArtha kI patnI trizalA darzana ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kara rahe haiM - pArzva ne loka ko kI kakSi meM prasthApita kiyA gyaa|211 digambara-paramparA isa pArimANika nitya mAnA hai| unake anusAra loka anAdi kAla kalpanA ko satya nahIM mAnatI hai| mahAvIra ke vivAha-prasaMga ko se hai, yadyapi usameM parivartana hote rahate haiN| unake anusAra jIva lekara bhI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM matabheda hai| zvetAmbaraaura padagala donoM hI parivartanazIla haiN| pudgala meM parivartana paramparA ke anasAra mahAvIra kA vivAha haA thaa| unakI patrI svAbhAvika hote haiM, jabaki jIva meM parivartana karmajanya hote haiN| priyadarzanA thI. jisakA vivAha jAmAli se huA thaa| ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki vyakti hiMsA, asatya Adi pApa-karmoM ke donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra unake zarIra kI U~cAI sAta mAdhyama se aSTa prakAra kI karma-graMthiyoM kA sRjana karatA hai| isake hAtha tathA varNa svarNa ke samAna mAnA gayA hai|292 donoM paramparAe~ viparIta jo vyakti cAturyAma-dharma kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha aSTa
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma isa bAta meM bhI sahamata haiM ki mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM ne mahAvIra saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA thA, yadyapi unake saMnyAsa grahaNa karate samaya ko kuNDagrAma ke rAjA siddhArtha kA putra mAnA hai| digambara-granthoM unake mAtA-pitA jIvita the yA mRtyu ko prApta ho gae the, isa tiloyapaNNatti. dezabhakti aura jayadhavalA meM siddhArtha ko 'NAha' bAta ko lekara punaH matabheda haiM, zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra vaMza yA nAtha vaMza kA kSatriya kahA gayA hai217 aura zvetAmbaramahAvIra ne garbhasthakAla meM kI gaI apanI pratijJA ke anusAra __ grantha sUtrakRtAMga meM 'NAya' kula kA ullekha hai|218 isI kAraNa apane mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt hI apane bhAI nandI se AjJA lekara saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA,293 parantu digambara-paramparA se mahAvIra ko NAyakulacanda aura NAyaputta kahA gayA hai| ke anusAra mahAvIra ne apane mAtA-pitA kI AjJA se saMnyAsa NAha, NAya, NAta zabda eka hI artha ke vAcaka pratIta hote grahaNa kiyA thaa| mahAvIra kA sAdhanA-kAla atyanta dIrgha rahA, haiN| isIlie 'buddhacaryA meM zrI rAhulajI ne nATaputta kA artha - unhoMne bAraha varSa, chaha mAha tapasyA karake vaizAkha zuklA dazamI jJAtRputra aura nAthaputra donoM kiyA hai| ko bayAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM kaivalyajJAna prApta kiyA astu yaha nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai ki bauddha-graMthoM ke thaa|214 ve kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt lagabhaga 30 varSa taka nigraMtha 'nATaputta' koI aura na hokara mahAvIra hI the, jisa prakAra apanA dharmopadeza dete rahe aura aMta meM 72 varSa kI avasthA meM zAkyavaMza meM janma hone ke kAraNa buddha ke anuyAyI 'zAkyaputrIya madhyama-pAvA meM nirvANa ko prApta hue| unake saMgha meM 14000 zramaNa' kahe jAte the|219 isa taraha mahAvIra ke anuyAyI 'jJAtRputrIya zramaNa tathA 3600 zramaNiyA~ thiiN|215 nirgrantha' kahe jAte the|220 mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta-sambandhI prAcInatama ullekha hameM zrI buhalara ne apanI pustaka 'iNDiyana sekTa oNpha dI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke upadhAna sUtranAmaka naveM adhyayana jainAs' meM isa viSaya para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai221- "bauddha meM tathA dvitIya zruta-skandha ke bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana meM milatA hai| puna: mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta kA vistRta ullekha kalpasUtra meM -piTakoM kA siMhalI saMskaraNa sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| upalabdha hotA hai| isake pazcAt AvazyakacUrNi aura paravartI IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM usako aMtima rUpa diyA gayA, aisA mahAvIra-caritroM meM milatA hai| mahAvIra ke jIvanavRttoM ko hama / vidvAnoM kA mata hai| usameM buddha ke virodhI rUpa meM nigaMThoM kA kAlakrama meM dekheM, to aisA lagatA hai ki prAcIna graMthoM meM unake ullekha hai| saMskRta meM likhe gae uttarakAlIna bauddha-sAhitya meM jIvana ke sAtha bahuta adhika alaukikatAe~ nahIM jur3I huI haiM, __ bhI nirgranthoM ko buddha kA pratidvaMdvI batalAyA gayA hai| kintu kramazaH unake jIvanavRtta meM alaukikatAoM kA praveza una nigaMThoM yA nirgranthoM ke pramukha ko pAli meM nATaputta hotA gayA, jisakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| aura saMskRta meM jJAtRputra kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha sunizcita mahAvIra kI setihAsikatA - ho jAtA hai ki nATaputta yA jJAtRputra tathA jainasampradAya ke aMtima mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda hai| mahAvIra ke tIrthaMkara vardhamAna eka hI vyakti haiN|222 janmasthala kuNDagrAma ko Ajakala vasukuNDa kahate haiM, jo ki bauddha tripiTaka aura anya bauddha-sAhitya se yaha spaSTa ho Aja bhI gaNDaka nadI ke pUrva meM sthita hai| basAr3ha kI khudAI se jAtA hai ki buddha ke pratidvaMdvI vardhamAna (nATaputta) bahuta hI prApta sikke aura miTTI kI sIleM IsA pUrva lagabhaga tIsarI zatAbdI prabhAvazAlI the aura unakA dharma kAphI phaila cukA thaa|223 kI kahI jAtI haiN| sikkoM para aMkita - 'vasukuNDe janme vaizAliye mahAvIra' se mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA siddha hotI hai| mahAvIra-yuga kI dhArmika mAnyatAe~ vardhamAna mahAvIra ko bauddha piTaka-graMthoM meM 'nigaMTha-nAtaputta' kahA IsA parva chaThI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI dhArmika Andolana kA gayA hai|216 nirgrantha-paramparA kA hone ke kAraNa sambhavataH mahAvIra mahAvAra yuga thaa| usa samaya bhArata meM hI nahIM, sampUrNa eziyA meM purAnI yA ko nigaMTha (nirgrantha) tathA jJAtavaMzIya kSatriya hone ke kAraNa mAtA piTata ho rahI thIM aura nA-na0 matoM yA nAtaputta kahA gayA ho| sampradAyoM kA udaya ho rahA thaa| cIna meM lAotse aura dodasitamarriorsrordidowboroinodranidinidad-[ 4 7/ddroidmonstratouditoredominatomoranditamchamidasarda
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma - kanphyUsiyasa, grIsa meM pAithAgorasa, sukarAta aura pleTo tathA AcArAMga meM bhI mahAvIra ke samakAlIna cAra vAdoM kA IrAna aura parasiyA meM jarathustra Adi apanI naI-naI dArzanika ullekha bhinna prakAra se upalabdha hai - 'AyAvAdI, loyAvAdI, vicAradhArAe~ prastuta kara rahe the| aise samaya meM jabaki pratyeka mata kammAvAdI aura kiriyaavaadii|231 nizIthacUrNi meM mahAvIra ke 'sayaM sayaM pasaMsattA garahaMtA paraM vayaM' arthAt apane paMtha evaM mAnyatAo~ yuga ke nimnAMkita darzana evaM dArzanikoM kA ullekha hai|232 ko zreSTha batAkara dUsaroM kI nindA kara rahA thA, usa samaya 1. AjIvaka, 2. Isaramata, 3. ulUga, 4. kapilamata, 5. vibhinna matoM ke ApasI vaimanasya ko dUra karane ke lie vardhamAna kavila, 6. kAvAla, 7. kAvAliya, 8. caraga, 9. taccanniya, mahAvIra ne anekAMta darzana kI vicAradhArA prastuta kI thii| 10. parivvAyaga, 11. paMDuraMga, 12. boDita, 13. bhicchuga, 14. bauddha-graMtha 'sattanipAta' meM ullekha hai ki usa samaya 63 bhikkhU, 15. ved| 16. sakka, 17. sarakkha, 18. sutivAdI, zramaNa-sampradAya vidyamAna the|224 jainagrantha sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga 19. seyavaDa, 20. seyabhikkhU, 21. zAkyamata, 22. hdusrkh| aura bhagavatI meM bhI usa yuga ke dhArmika matavAdoM kA ullekha bauddha-sampradAya meM buddha ke samakAlIna nimnAMkita chaha zramaNa upalabdha hai|225 sUtrakRtAMga meM una sabhI vAdoM kA vargIkaraNa -sampradAyoM evaM unake pratipAdaka AcAryoM kA ullekha hai|233 nimnAMkita cAra prakAra ke samavasaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai226 - 1. akriyAvAda - pUraNakAzyapa 1. kriyAvAda, 2. akriyAvAda, 3. vinayavAda, 4. ajnyaanvaad| 2. niyativAda - makkhaligozAlaka kriyAvAda - kriyAvAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki AtmA pApa-puNya 3. ucchedavAda - ajitakezakaMbala Adi kA kartA hai| 4. anyonyavAda - prakudhakAtyAyana akriyAvAda - sUtrakRtAMga meM anAtmavAda, AtmA ke akartRtvavAda, mAyAvAda aura niyativAda ko akriyAvAda kahA 5. cAturyAmasaMvaravAda - nirgrantha jJAtRputra gayA hai|227 6. vikSepavAda - saMjaya belaTThiputra vinayavAda - vinayavAdI binA bhedabhAva ke sabake sAtha vinayapUrvaka bauddha-sAhitya meM aMkita uparyukta 6 AcAryoM ko tIrthaMkara vyavahAra karatA hai, arthAt sabakI vinaya karanA hI usakA siddhAnta hai| kahA gayA hai| inake eka nigaNThanATaputta svayaM mahAvAra hI hai|30 ajJAnavAda - ajJAnavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki pUrNa jJAna kisI ko mahAvIra ke upadeza aura unakA zaiziSTya hotA nahIM hai aura apUrNa jJAna hI bhinna matoM kA janaka hai, arthAt jJAnopArjana vyartha hai aura ajJAna meM hI jagat kA kalyANa hai| jainoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne kisI na) darzana yA dharma kI sthApanA nahIM kI, apitu pArzvanAtha kI nirgrantha-paramparA sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra ajJAnavAdI tarka karane meM kuzala meM pracalita dArzanika mAnyatAo~ aura AcAra sambandhI vyavasthAoM hone para bhI asambaddha-bhASI haiM, kyoMki ve svayaM saMdeha se pare nahIM ho sake haiN|228 ko kiJcit saMzodhita kara pracArita kiyaa| vidvAnoM kI yaha / mAnyatA hai ki mahAvIra kI paramparA meM dharma aura darzana sambandhI jaina-Agama-grantha uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki kriyAvAda vicAra jahA~ pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se gRhIta hue, vahIM AcAra hI saccA puruSArthavAda hai, vahI dhIra puruSa hai, jo kriyAvAda meM aura sAdhanA-vidhi ko mukhyatayA AjIvaka-paramparA se gRhIta vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura akriyAvAda kA varNana karatA hai|229 / / kiyA gyaa| jaina-granthoM se yaha bAta bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina-darzana ko samyak kriyAvAdI isalie kahA gayA hai, mahAvIra ne pArzvanAtha kI AcAra-paramparA meM kaI saMzodhana kie kyoMki vaha ekAMta dRSTi nahIM rakhatA hai| AtmA Adi tattvoM meM the| sarvaprathama unhoMne pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma-dharma meM brahmacarya vizvAsa karane vAlA hI kriyAvAda (astitvavAda) kA nirUpaNa ko jor3akara paMca mahAvratoM yA paMcayAma-dharma kA pratipAdana kiyaa| kara sakatA hai|230
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma - kI paramparA meM strI ko parigraha mAnakara parigraha ke pajA evaM satkAra ke lie nhiiN| jainadharma meM yadyapi tIrthaMkara ko tyAga meM hI strI kA tyAga bhI samAhita mAna liyA jAtA thA, lokahita karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai, phira bhI unakA uddezya kintu Age calakara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke zramaNoM ne usakI svajanoM kA saMrakSaNa evaM duSToM kA vinAza nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi ve galata DhaMga se vyAkhyA karanA zurU kiyA aura kahA ki parigraha duSToM kA vinAza karate haiM, to unake dvArA pradarzita ahiMsA kA ke tyAga meM strI kA tyAga to ho jAtA hai, kintu binA vivAha ke caramAdarza khaNDita hotA hai, sAtha hI sajjanoM kI rakSA evaM duSToM ke baMdhana meM baMdhe strI kA bhoga to kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usameM vinAza ke prayatna nivRttimArgI sAdhanA-paddhati ke anukUla nahIM koI doSa nahIM hai| ataH mahAvIra ne strI ke bhoga ke niSedha ke hai| lokaparitrANa athavA lokakalyANa tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kA lie brahmacarya kI svataMtra vyavasthA kii| mahAvIra ne pArzva kI lakSya avazya rahA hai, kintu mAtra sanmArga ke upadeza ke dvArA, na paramparAoM meM aneka sudhAra kie, jaise unhoMne muni kI nagnatA ki bhaktoM ke maMgala hetu durjanoM kA vinAza krke| tIrthaMkara dharma para bala diyaa| durAcaraNa ke parizodhana ke lie prAtaHkAlIna aura -saMsthApaka hote hue bhI sAmAjika kalyANa ke sakriya bhAgIdAra sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNa kI vyavasthA kii| unhoMne kahA - cAhe nahIM haiN| ve sAmAjika ghaTanAoM ke mAtra mUkadarzaka hI haiN| aparAdha huA ho yA na huA ho, pratidina prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla yadyapi AcArAMga meM tIrthaMkaroM ne 'ANAye mAmagaM dhamma' apane doSoM kI samIkSA to karanI caahie| isI prakAra audadezika kahakara apanI AjJA ke pAlana meM hI dharma kI udghoSaNA kI hai, AhAra kA niSedha, cAturmAsika vyavasthA aura navakalpa vihAra phira bhI unakA dharmazAsana balAt kisI para thopA nahIM jAtA hai, Adi aise prazna the, jinheM mahAvIra kI paramparA meM Avazyaka rUpa AjJApAlana aicchika hai| jaina-dharma meM tIrthaMkara ko sabhI pApoM kA se svIkAra kiyA gayA thaa| isa prakAra mahAvIra ne pArzvanAtha kI nAza karane vAlA bhI kahA gayA hai| eka gujarAtI jaina kavi ne hI paramparA ko saMzodhita kiyA thaa| mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI kahA hai236 -"cAhe pApa kA puJca meru ke AkAra ke samAna hI viziSTatA yahI hai ki unhoMne jJAnavAda kI apekSA bhI AcAra kyoM na ho, prabhu ke nAma rUpI agni se yaha sahaja hI vinaSTa ho zuddhi para adhika bala diyA hai aura kisI naye dharma yA sampradAya jAtA hai|" isa prakAra jaina-dharma meM tIrthaMkara ke nAma-smaraNa evaM kI sthApanA ke sthAna para pUrva pracalita nirgrantha-paramparA ko hI upAsanA se koTi janmoM ke pApoM kA prakSAlana sambhava mAnA gayA deza aura kAla ke anusAra saMzodhanoM ke sAtha svIkAra kara hai, phira bhI jaina tIrthaMkara apanI ora se aisA koI AzvAsana ke liyaa| mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM ratnatraya kI sAdhanA meM paMcamahAvratoM nahIM detA ki tuma merI bhakti karo, maiM tumhArA kalyANa kruuNgaa| kA pAlana, pratikramaNa, parigraha kA sarvathA tyAga, kaThora tapa - vaha to spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki kRtakoM ke phalabhoga ke sAdhanA Adi kucha aisI bAteM haiM, jo nirgrantha-paramparA meM mahAvIra binA mukti nahIM hotI hai|237 pratyeka vyakti ko apane zubhAzubha ke yogadAna ko sUcita karatI haiN| isa prakAra mahAvIra pArzva kI karmoM kA lekhA-jokhA svayaM hI pUrA karanA hai| cAhe tIrthaMkara ke nirgrantha paramparA meM deza aura kAla ke anusAra navIna saMzodhana nAma rUpI agni se pApoM kA prakSAlana hotA ho, kintu tIrthaMkara meM karane pUrva pracalita nirgrantha-paramparA ke saMzodhaka yA sudhAraka haiN| aisI koI zakti nahIM hai ki vaha apane bhakta ko pIDAoM se 11. tIrthaMkara aura lokakalyANa ubAra sake, usake duHkha kama kara sake, usake pApoM se mukti dilA ske| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara apane bhakta kA trAtA nahIM hai| jaina-dharma meM tIrthaMkara ke lie lokanAtha, lokahitakArI, vaha svayaM niSkriya hokara bhakta ko preraNA detA hai ki tU sakriya lokapradIpa tathA abhayadAtA Adi vizeSaNa prayukta hue haiN| ho, terA utthAna evaM patana mere hAtha meM nahIM, tere hI hAtha meM nihita jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki samaya- hai|238 isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara lokakalyANa yA samaya para dharmacakra kA pravartana karane hetu tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA lokahita kI kAmanA ko lekara mAtra dharma-pravacana karatA hai, tAki rahatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga-TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA vyakti una dharmAcaraNoM para calakara apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa pracalana evaM dharmapravartana prANiyoM ke anugraha ke lie hotA hai, kara sake aura svayaM bhI usI tIrthaMkara pada kA adhikArI bana ske|
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________________ 234 yatIndrasUri smAraka granya : jaina-dharma sandarbha (a) uttarAdhyayana - 23/1, 23/4 (ba) AcArAMga, dvitIyazrutaskandha 15/11, 15/26/6 namottuNaM arihaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM AiyarANaM, titthagarANaM, (sa) sthAnAMga - 9/62/1, 1/249-50,2/438-445, 3/535, 5/ sayaMsaMbuddhANa....dhammadayANaM, dhammadesayANaM, dhammanAyagANaM, dhammasArahINaM, 234 dhammavara-cAuraMta-cakkavaTTINaM jiNANaM jAvayANaM, tinnANaM, tArayANaM, (da) samavAyAMga - 1/2, 19/5, 23/3, 4, 25/1, 34/4, 54/1 buddhANaM bohayANaM muttANaM moygaannN| (i) bhagavatI - 9/145 kalpasUtra-16 (prAkRtabhAratI, jayapura) 'tithyaM puNa cAuvanne samaNasaMghe - samaNA, samaNIo, sAvayA, parisuttamANaM, purisasIhANaM purisavavarapuMDarIyANaM purisvr-gNdhhtthiinnN| saaviyaao|' loguttamANaM, loganAhANaM, logahiyANaM, loka-paIvANaM, loga bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20 u. 8 sUtra 74 pjjiiygraannN| 'titthaMti puvvabhaNiyaM saMgho jo naanncrnnsNghaao| kalpasUtra-16 iha pavayaNaM pi titthaM, tatto'NatyaMtaraM jenn|| dIrghanikAya pR. 17-18 (hindI-anuvAda) meM chaha tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1380 milatA hai - 1. pUrNa kAzyapa 2. makkhali gozAla 3. ajitakeza AcArAMga 1 / 4 / 11 kambala 4. prabuddha kAtyAyana 5. saMjayabelaTThiputta 6. nigaNTha naatputt| purimA ujjujaDA u, vaMkajaDA yA pcchimaa| (a) uttarAdhyayana - 23/1, 23/4 majjhimA ujja pannA ya, teNa dhamme duhA kae / / (ba) AcArAMga, dvitIyazrutaskandha-15/11; 15/26/6 - uttarAdhyayana 23 / 26 (sa) sthAnAMga - 9/62/1, 1/249-50,2/438-445, 3/535, 5/ sthAnAMga 4/339 (da) samavAyAMga - 1/2, 19/5, 23/3, 4, 25/1, 34/4, 54/1 bhagavaM ariTThanemi ti loganAhe dmiisre| (i) bhagavatI - 9/145 uttarAdhyayana 22/4 'tithyaM puNa cAuvanne samaNasaMdhe - samaNA, samaNIo, sAvayA, 'imehi ya' NaM vIsAe kAraNehiM Aseviya - bahulIkaehiM titthayaranAmamoyaM saaviyaao|' kammaM nivvattiMsu, taM jahA - / bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20 u. 8 sUtra 74 pAraddhatititthayaranAmabaMdhabhavAo 'titthaMti puvvabhaNiyaM saMgho jo naanncrnnsNghaao| tadiyabhavaye titthayarasaMtakammiyajIvANaM mokkhgmnnnniymaado| AcArAMga 1 / 4 / 1 / 1 __ - dhavalA 8/3, 38/75/1 purimA ujjujaDA u, vaMkajaDA yA pcchimaa| jainendrasiddhAntakoza, bhAga 1, pR. 140, bhAga 2, pR. 157 majjhimA ujja pannA ya, teNa dhamme duhA kae / jainatva kI jhA~kI, (upAdhyAya amaramunijI) pR. 53 - uttarAdhyayana 23 / 26 15. karuNAdiguNopetaH, parArthavyasanI sdaa| iha pavayaNaM pi titthaM, vatto'NatyaMtaraM jenn|| tathaiva ceSTate dhImAn , vardhamAn mhodyH| tattatkalyANayogena, kurvansatvArthameva sH| vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1380 tIrthakRtvamavApnoti, paraM satvArthasAdhanam / / sthAnAMga 4/339 yogabindu 287-288 bhagavaM ariTThanemi ti loganAhe dmiisre| 16. cintayatyevamevaitat svajanAdigataM tu yH| uttarAdhyayana 22/4 tathAnuSThAnataH so'pi dhImAn gaNadharo bhavet / / 'imehi ya' NaM kAraNehiM Aseviya - bahulIkaehiM titthayaranAmamoyaM kamma yogabindu, 289 nivvattiMsu, taM jahA - / 17. saMvigno bhava nirvedAdAtmani:saraNaM tu yH| jainendra siddhAntakoza, bhAga 1, pR. 140, bhAga 2, pR. 157 AtmArthasampravRtto'sau sadA syaanmunnddkevlii|| jainatva ko jhAMkI, (upAdhyAya amaramunijI) pR. 53 vahI, 290 karuNAdiguNopetaH, parArthavyasanI sdaa| 18. paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM sasamaya parasamaya pnnnnyvy-ptteybuddh| tathaiva ceSTate dhImAn , vardhamAn mhodyH| samavAyAMga, (saM. madhukaramuni) 547 tattatkalyANayoMgena, kurvansatvArthameva sH| 19. uttarAdhyayanacUrNi 18/6 sAvayA, 11.
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________________ 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. patteyayuddhamisiNo vIsaM titthe aridubhissa pAsasya ya paNNarasa vIrassa vilINamohassa / / 1 / / bhArata vajjiya-pute asite aMgarisi- pupphasAle ya vakkalakummA kevala kAsava taha tetalisutte ya // 2 // maMkhalI jANabhayAli bAhuva mahU soriyANa vidurvipU / varisakaNhe Ariya ukkalavAdI ya taruNe ya / / 3 / / gaddabha rAme ya tahA harigiri ambaDa mayaMga vArattA / * yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma so ya adda ya vaddhamANe vA tIsa tIme // 4 // pAse liMge aruNe isigiri ahAlae ya vittey| sirigiri sAtivapute saMjaya dIvAyaNe ceva / / 5 / / tatto ya iMdaNAge soma yame ceva hoi varuNe y| vesamaNe ya mahappA cattA paMceva akkhAe / / 6 / / isibhAsiyAI saMgahiNI gAthA - pariziSTa 1, pR. 297 sUtrakRtAMga, 1/6 dekheM- AcArAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha adhyayana 15 meM varNita mahAvIra - caritra dekheM - kalpasUtra meM varNita mahAvIracaritra (a) paMca mahAkallANA savvesi jiNANa havaMti niyameNa / paMcAsaka (haribhadra) 424 (ba) 'jassa kammamudaraNa jIvo paMcamahAkallANANi pAvidUSaNa tittha duvAlasaMgaM kuNadi taM titthayaraNAma / dhavalA 13/5, 101 / 366 / 7 gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, TIkA 381 / 6 kalpasUtra 15- 71 vahI 96, AcArAMga 2/15/11, 2/15/26 - 29 vahI 110 - 114, AcArAMga 2 / 15/1-6 dekheM- AcArAMga 2 / 15/140-42, kalpasUtra 211 kalpasUtra 124 'anantavijJAnamatItadoSamabAdhyasiddhAntamamartyapUjyam / ' anyayogavyavacchedikA 1 (hemacandra ) cottIsaM buddhAisesA paNNatA taM jahAM avadvie kesa-maMsu-roma nahe 1, nirAmayA niruvalevA gAyalI 2 gokkhIrapaMdure maMsasoNie 3. paumuppalagaMdhie ussAsanissAse 4, pacchanne AhAra- nIhAre adisse maMsacakkhuNA 5, AgAsagayaM cakkaM 6, AgAsagayaM chattaM 7, AgAsagayAo seyavaracAmarAo 8, AgAsaphAliAmayaM sapAyapIDhaM sIhAsaNaM 9, AgAsagao kuDabhIsahassaparimaMDiAbhirAo iMdajjhao purao gacchai 10, jattha jattha vi ya NaM arahaMtA bhagavaMto ciTTheti vA nisIyaMti vA tattha tattha vi ya NaM jakkhA devA saMchannapattapuppha-pallavasamAulo sacchatto sanjhao sapaMTo sAgo aogavarapAyavo abhisaMjAya 11. Isi piomA teyamaMDala abhisaMjAi, aMdhakAre pi ya NaM dasa dikhAo pabhAse 12, bahusamaramaNijje bhUmimAge 13. ahosirA kaMTayA bhavaMti 14, uuvivarIyA suhaphAsA bhavaMti 15, sIyaleNaM suhaphAseNaM surabhiNA mArueNaM joyaNaparimaMDalaM savvao samaMtAsaMpamajjijjai 16, 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. guttaphusieNaM meheNa ya nihavarayareNUrva kinna 10, jalathalayabhAsurapabhUtenaM vidvAiNA dasaddhaNNeNaM busumeNa jApurasepyamANamate puNphovayAre kinna 18 mA sadda pharisa - rasa- rUva-gaMdhANaM avakiraso bhavai 19, maNuNNANaM saddapharisa - rasa- rUva-gaMdhANaM pAubbhAvo bhavai 20, paccAharao vi ya NaM hiyayagamaNIo joyaNanIhArI saro 21, bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhammamAikkhara 22, sA vi ya NaM addhamAgahI bhAsA bhAsijjamANI tesiM savvesi AriyamaNArivANaM duppaya-cauppana miya-pazu-pakkhisarIsivAnaM appaNI hiva-siva suhaya bhAsatAe pariNama 23, puvvabaddhaverA vi ya NaM devAsura-nAga suvaNNa-jakkha- rakkhasa-kiMnarakiMpurisa garula- gaMdhavva mahoragA arahao pAyale pasaMta-cittamANasA dhammaM nisAmaMta 24, aNNautthiyapAvayaNiyA vi yaM Na AgayA vaMdaMti 25, AgayA samANA arahao pAyamUle nippalivayaNA havaMti 26, , jao jao vi yaM Na arahaMto bhagavaMto viharati tao tao vi yaM Na joyaNapaNavIsAeNaM ItI na bhavai 27, mArI na bhavai 28, sacakkaM na bhavai 29, paracakkaM na bhavai 30, aTavuTThI na bhavai 31, aNAvuTThI na bhavai 32, dubbhikkhaM na bhavai 33, puvvuppaNNA vi yaM Na uppAiyA vAhIo khippameva uvasaMmati 34| samavAyAMga sUtra samavAyAMga TIkA, abhayadeva sUri, pR. 35 paNItIsaM saccavayaNAisesAM paNNattA samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 35 / paMceva aMtarAyA micchatamanANamaviraI kAmo hAga rAgadosA, nidAhArasa ime dokha / / 192 / / abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, pR. 2248 'hiMsA''iviMga kIlA, hAsa''ipaMcagaM ca caukasAyA / mayamacchara annANA, niddA pimmaM ia va dosA / / 193 / / abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, pR. 2248 'chahataNDabhIruroso rAgo, moho ciMtAjarA jA svedaM khedaM madara vihiyANigo niyamasAra, 6 (saM. madhukara muni) samavAya 34 sUtra 623 pR. 162 jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/8/18/ bhAgavata 1 / 2 / 5 2/6/41-45 gAi Nantu bhAviNihi Nirutau, ehau vIrajiNidevatau | par3hatu samAsasi kAlu aNAiDa, so aNantu jiNaNANi jAiu / / - mahApurANa 2/4 jaMbahI gaM dIve bhArahe vAse imIse osappiNIe caubIsaM titthagarA hotthA / taM jahAM usabhe1, ajiye 2, saMbhave 3, abhinaMdaNe 4, sumaI 5, paumappapahe 6, supAse 7, caMdappabhe 8, suvihi- pupphaMdate 9, sIyale 10, sijjase 11, vAsupujje 12, vimale 13, anaMte 14, dhamme 15, saMtI 16, kuMthU 17, are 18, mallI 19, maNisuvvae 20, mI 21, mI 22 pa 23 damANI 24- samavAyAMga, zrI madhukara muni vaDDhamANo prakIrNaka samavAya 635 / and 48 fontmenon ci
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________________ 43. - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma 42. jaMbuddIve (NaM dIve) eravae vAse imIse osappiNIe cauvvIsaM titthayarA 47. jayasenapratiSThApATha 545-64 / hotthaa| taM jahAM -- 48. vIsaM vi sayale khatte sattarisaya vrdo|" - trilokasAra 681 / caMdANaNaM sucaMdaM aggIseNaM ca naMdiseNaM c| kalpasUtra 210 / isidiNNaM vayahAri vaMdimI somacaMdaM c|| vaMdAmi juttiseNaM ajiyaseNaM taheva sivsennN| vahI 205-81; Avazyakaniyukti 170, 385, 387; samavAyAMga 157 / buddhaM ca devasamma sayayaM nikkhittasatthaM c|| kalpasUtravRtti 236, 231 (vinaya-vijaya); AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, asaMjalaM jiNavasahaM vaMde yaM aNaMtayaM amiynnaanniN| pR. 152-3 / uvasaMtaM ca dhuyarayaM vaMde khalu guttiseNaM c|| 'evA babhro vRSabha cekitAna yathA deva na hRNISe na hNsi|' atipAsaM ca supAsaM devesaravaMdiyaM ca mrudev| - Rgveda 2/33/15 nivvANamayaM ca dharaM khINaduhaM sAmakoThaM c|| (a) 'RSabho vA pshunaamdhiptiH|' - tAMDya brAhmaNa 14/2/5 jiyarAgamaggiseNaM vaMde khINarayamaggiuttaM c| vokkasiyapijjadosaM vAriseNaM gayaM siddhi|| (ba) 'RSabho vA pazUnAM prjaaptiH'| - zatapatha brAhmaNa 5/2/5/10 - samavAyAMga (saM. zrImadhukaramuni) prakIrNaka samavAya 664 aSTame merudevyAM tu nAbherjAtaM urukrmH| pravacanasAroddhAra 7, gA. 288-290 darzayan vartma dhIrANAM sarvAzramanamaskRtam / / - bhAgavata 1/3/13 jayasenapratiSThApATha, 470-493 nAbherasAvRSabha Asa sudevisUnuryo vai cacAra samadRgjaDayogacaryAm / jaMbuddIveNaM dIve bhArahe vAse AgamissAe ussappiNIe cauvIsaM titthagarA yat pAramahaMsyamRSayaH padamAmananti svasthaH prazAntakaraNaH parimuktasaGga / bhvissNti| taM jahA - bhAgavata 2/7/10 mahApaume sUradeve sUpAse ya syNpbhe| dekheM- mArkaNDeyapurANa adhyAyaM 50,39-42, kUrmapurANa adhyAya 41, saNvANubhUI arahA devassue ya hokkhi|| 37-38, agnipurANa, 10,10-11, vAyupurANa 33/50-52, garuDapurANa udae peDhAlaputte ya poTiTale sattakitti y| 1, brahmANDapurANa 14, 61 viSNupurANa 2/1/27, skandhapurANa muNisuvvae ya arahA savvabhAvaviU jinne|| kumArakhaNDa, 37/57 / / amame NikkasAe ya nippulAe ya nimmme| munayo vAtarazanAH pizagGA vasate mlaa| cittautte samAhI ya AgamisseNa hokkhi|| vAtasyAnu brAji yanti yaddevAso aviksst|| saMvare aNiyaTTI ya vijae vimale ti y| devovavAe arahA aNaMtavijae i y| Rgveda 10/136/1 / ee vuttA cauvvIsaM bharahe vAsammi kevlii| 57. Rgveda 10/102/6 / AgamisseNaM hokkhaMti dhammatitthassa desgaa|| zrImadbhAgavata 5/5/28-31 / - samavAyAMga (saM. zrImadhukaramuni) prakIrNaka samavAya 667 padmapurANa 3/288 / jaMbuddIve (NaM dIve) eravae vAse AgamissAe ussappiNIe cauvvIsaM harivaMzapurANa 9/204 / titthakarA bhvissNti| taM jahA-- sumaMgale ya siddhatthe NivvANe ya mhaajse| DaoN. nemicandrazAstrI, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA (sAgara, dhammajjhae ya arahA AgamissANa hokkhii|| 1974), pR. 14 / siricaMde pupphakeU mahAcaMde ya kevlii| hindU-sabhyatA (naI dillI, 1958) pR. 23 / suyasAgare ya arahA AgamissANa hokkhii|| da jaina stUpa - mathurA, prastAvanA pR. 6 / siddhatthe puNNaghose ya mahAghose ya kevlii| hindUvizvakoza, jilda 1, pR. 64 tathA jilda 3, pR. 404 / saccaseNe ya arahA AgamissANa hokkhii|| 'bhagavAn RSabhadevo yogeshvrH|' - bhAgavata 5/5/9 / sUraseNe ya arahA mahAseNe ya kevlii| 'nAnAyogacaryAcaraNo bhagavAn kaivalyapati: RssbhH| - vahI 5/5/35 savvANaMde ya arahA devautte ya hokkhii|| 'yogikalpatarUM naumi devadevaM vRSadhvajam / ' - jJAnArNava 1/2. supAse suvvae arahA arahe ya sukosle| 'prajApateH sutonAbhi tasyApi aagmucyti| arahA aNaMtavijae AgamissANa hokkhii|| nAbhino RSabha putro vai siddha karma dRddhvrtH|| vimale uttare arahA arahA ya mhaable| AryamajazrImUlakalpa 390 deNANaMde ya arahA AgamissANa hokkhii|| ee vuttA cauvvIsaM eravayammi kevlii| nandIsUtra 18 / AgamissANa hokkhaMti dhammatitthassa desgaa|| 68. sama. 157; Avazyakaniyukti 323, 385, 387 / samavAyAMga (saM. zrImadhukaramuni) prakIrNaka samavAya 674 / 69. samavAyAMga, gAthA 107; Avazyakani. 378, 376 / saagr trugururururururuvaarN 4 RdurushaarugurushaarshaaNtsaarsaadusaarusaarNgaarrsaaloo 55. muna 62. 65.
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________________ 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. i AvazyakavRtti 205-7 / Avazyakaniyukti 272, 278, 303 / vahI, 256, 260 / samAvAyAMga gA. 157; nandIsUtra 18; vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1758 / vahI, 157; Avazyakaniyukti 385 / vahI, 106, 59; Avazyakaniryukti 378, 376, 278 / vahI, 157; Avazyakaniyukti 254, 302 / kalpasUtra 202; Avazyakaniyukti 303, 307, 311 / samavAyAMga gA. 157; Avazyakaniyukti 256, 260 / vahA~ 157 Avazyakaniyukti 382 / Avazyaka niyukti 376 yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. vahI 225, 280, 303 / vahI 256, 260 / samavAyAMga gA. 157; vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1664, 1758 / vahI, 104, 157; Avazyakaniyukti 383, 385, 387 / Avazyaka niyukti 305378 samavAyAMga gA. 157 / Avazyakaniyukti 303, 307, 311, 272-305 / kalpasUtra 199: Avazyakti 1089 / samavAyAMga gA. 157; Avazyakaniryukti 382-387 // vahI 103; Avazyakaniyukti 376, 378 / vahI 157 / Avazyakaniyukti 302-306 / vahI 256 - 266, 272- 305 / samavAyAMga gAthA 157; vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1758; Avazyaka niyukti 5090 / kahI 157 Avazyakaniyukti 382 385 387 / vahI 101; Avazyakaniyukti 376 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157 / Avazyaka niyukti 303 307, 309 vahI 257, 261 / kalpasUtra 197; Avazyakaniyukti 1090 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157; Avazyakaniryukti 383, 385, 387 / vahI, gA. 101 Avazyakaniyukti 378 / Avazyaka niyukti 376 samavAyAMga, gAthA 157; sthAnAMga 735; Avazyakaniyukti 272-307 / vahI, gA. 93 Avazyakaniyukti 257 266 kalpasUtra 196; Avazyakaniyukti 1091 / 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 43 Jan samavAyAMga, gAthA 157; Avazyakaniryukti 385, 388 / vahI, gA. 100; Avazyakaniyukti 385, 388 / Avazyakaniyukti 376 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157 / Avazyakaniyukti 303, 307 / vahI 257, 261 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1758, 1091, 1112; Avazyaka vikti 300 samavAyAMga, gAthA 157; Avazyakaniryukti 383, 385, 388 / vahI, gA. 90; Avazyakaniyukti 379 / Avazyaka niyukti 376 samavAyAMga, gA. 157 / Avazyaka niyukti 307 / vahI 257, 261 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157; vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1751, 1669, 1758; Avazyaka niyukti 370, 420, 1092 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157; Avazyakaniryukti 383, 385, 388 / vahI, gA. 80; A.ni. 379 / vahI, gA. 157 / Avazyaka niyukti 304, 307 / vahI 257, 261 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157: vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1657, 1758 A. ni. 370, 1092 / vahI 157; Avazyakaniyukti 383, 385, 388 / vahI, gA. 70 Avazyakaniyukti 379 / Avazyaka niyukti 377 // samavAyAMga, gAthA 157 / vahI 157; Avazyakaniyukti 257, 261 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157; vi. A.bhA. 1758; A.ni. 371, 1093 / vahI 157; A.ni. 382, 388 / vahI 60; A.ni. 379, 376 / samavAyAMga, gAthA 157 / kalpasUtra 192 Avazyakaniyukti 272-325, 326 // samavAyAMga gAthA 157 / vahI 157, vizeSAvazyakabhA. 1758 / vahI 157; A.ni. 386, 388 / vahI 50 Avazyakaniyukti 309 370 vahI 157 / sa
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________________ 190. - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma 142. Avazyakaniyukti 272-305 / 175. vahI 272-305, 307 / 143. vahI 256 / 176. samavAyAMga, gA. 157, sthAnAMga 411, vi.A.bhA. 1759 / 144. samavAyAMga, gAthA 157, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1759, A.ni. 1094 / 177. vahI 157, A.ni. 383 / 145. vahI 157, A.ni. 383, 386, 388 / 178. vahI 20, Avazyaka niyukti 277, 279 / 146. vahI 45, A.ni. 377, 379 / 179. vahI 157 / vahI 157 / 180. vahI 305, 325 / 148. A.ni. 256 / 181. vahI 259, 278, samavAyAMga, gA. 50 / 149. samavAyAMga, gAthA 157, uttarAdhyaya 18/33, vi.bhA. 1759 / samavAyAMga 30,41, 158, kalpasUtra 184, sthA. 411, A.ni. 371, 150. vahI 158, A.ni. 383, 398, 399 / 419 vi.A.bhA. 1759 / 151. vahI 40, A.ni. 377, 392, 379 183. samavAyAMga 157, A.ni. 386, 389 / / 152. vahI 157 / 184. vahI 157, A.ni. 380, 377 / 153. kalpasUtra, A.ni. 272-304, 307, 309 / 185. vahI 157 / 154. samavAyAMga, gAthA 157, A.ni. 258, 260, 262 / 186. sthAnAMga 735, A.ni. 272-305 / 155. samavAyAMga, gAthA 157, 158 A.ni. 31, 374, 384, 39, 399, Avazyakaniyukti 258 / 418, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1759 / 188. samavAyAMga, gA. 157, utta.ni., pR. 496 / 156. samavAyAMga 158 / 189. uttarAdhyayana, a. 22, samavAyAMga 157, A.ni. 386 / 157. vahI 35, A.ni. 380, 377 / samavAyAMga, gA. 10, A.ni., gA. 380, 377 / 158. vahI 157 / 191. (a) uttarAdhyayana, adhyAya 22, (ba) uttarAdhyayana niyukti, pR. 496 / 159. vahI 95, A.ni. 272-305, 37 / (sa) dazavaikAlikacUrNi, pR. 87 / 160. A.ni. 258 / 192. Avazyakaniyukti, 258 / 161. samAvAyAMga 157, sthAnAMga 411, vi.bhA. 1759 , A.ni. 371, 418, 193. tiloyapaNNatti 4 / 1185-1208 / 421, 1095 / 194. epigrAphikA iNDikA, jilda 1, pR. 389 / 162. samavAyAMga, gAthA 157-158, A.ni. 383, 398-99 / Rgveda 1/14/89/6, 1/24/180/10,3/4/53/17, 10/12/178/1 / 163. vahI 30, A.ni. 380, 393 / 196. chAndogyopaniSada 3/17/4-6 / 164. Avazyakaniyukti 224, 238 / 197. samavAyAMga, gAthA 24 / 165. samavAyAMga, gAthA 157 / 198. kalpasUtra 150, samavAyAMga gA. 157, Avazyakaniyukti, gA. 384-89 / 166. kalpasUtra 187, A.ni. 258-263, 305, 307 / 199. samavAyAMga, gA. 9 Avazyakaniyukti, gA. 380, 377 / 167. Avazyakaniyukti 258 / 200. arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA, pR.1 / 168. 'bhUpapuvvaM bhikkhave sunetto nAma satthA ahosititthakaro kAmesu 201. jaina-zilAlekha-saMgraha, bhAga 3, lekhasaMkhyA 83 / vItarAgo....mugapakkha...aranemi....kuddAlaka....hatthipAla....otipAla....arako Indian Autiquary, Vol. 9th, Page 160. nAma satthA ahosi titthakaro kAmesu viitraago| arakassa sopana, bhikkhave satthuno anekAni sAvakasatAni ahetu|' 203. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, madhyapradeza zAsana-sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, san 1962, pR. 21 / aMguttaranikAya, bhA. 3, pR. 256-257 204. arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA pR. 4 / 169. aMguttara nikAya, bhAga 3, arakasutta, pR. 257-58 / 205. jainasAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA, pR. 202-213 / 170. uttarAdhyayana, a. 10 / 206. uttarAdhyayana 23/25-30 / 171. samavAyAMga 157, vizeSa. bhA. 1759 / 207. samavAyAMga 157, A.ni. 386 / arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA, pR. 21 / 172. 208. isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31 / 173. samavAyAMga, gA. 25, 55 Avazyakaniyukti 377, 380 / 174. Avazyakaniyukti 258 / 209. samavAyAMga, gA. 24, 157 / . 58 / 202.
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________________ 229. 230. - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha : jaina-dharma - 210. kalpasUtra 21 / 224. yAni ca tINi yAni ca stttthi| suttanipa smiysutt| 211. vahI 21-26 / 225. (a) sthAnAMga 4 / 4 / 345 / (ba) bhagavatI 30 / 11824 / 212. samavAyAMga, gA. 7, Avazyakaniyukti 377 / 226. kiriyaM akiriyaM viNiyaMti taiya annaNAmahaMsu ca utthmev| -sUtrakRtAMga 213. kalpasUtra 110, 112, AvazyakacUrNi, prathama bhAga, pR. 249, A.ni.gA. 1 / 12 / 1 / 299 / 227. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 12 / 4-8 / 214. kalpasUtra 120 // vahI 1 / 12 / 2 / 215. vahI 134-147 / uttarAdhyayana 18133 / 216. (a) saMyuttanikAya, nAnAtitthiya sutta 2 / 3 / 10 / sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 10 / 17 / (ba) saMyuttanikAya, saMkhasutta 4018 // AcArAMga saTIka zru. 1, a. 1, udde. 1, patra 20 / (sa) aMguttaranikAya, paMcakanipAta 5 / 28 / 8 / 17 / nizIthasUtra sabhASya, cUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 15 / (da) majjhimanikAya, upAtisutta 2 / 16 / 233. dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphalasutta / (a) kuNDapuravarissarasiddhatthakkhattiyasya NAha kule| tisilAe devIe devIsadasevamANAe / / 23 / / - jayadhavalA, bhA. 1, pR. 78 / / 234. vahI (hindI anuvAda), pR. 21 kA sAra / (ba) 'NAhoggavaMsesa vi vIra pAsA' / / 550 / / tiloyapaNNatti, a. 4 / 235. sUtrakRtAMga-TIkA 1 / 6 / 4 / 236. pApa parAla ko puJja vaNyo, mAno meru AkAro / 218. 'NAtaputte mahAvIre evamAha jiNuttame' - sUtrakRtAMga 1 zru., a., 1 u.| te tuma nAma hutAzana tesI sahaja hI prajalata sAro // 219. buddhacaryA, pR. 551 / "kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthiA " - uttarAdhyayana, 4 / 3 / 220. vahI, pR. 481 / "purisA ! tumameva tuma mittaM, kiM bahiyA mittamicchasi?" - AcArAMga 221. iNDiyana sekTa oNpha dI jainAs, pR. 29 / 1 / 3 / 3 / "pusi ! attANameva abhiNigijjha, evaM dukkhA psuccsi| 222. vahI, pR. 36 / - vahI, 1 / 3 / 3 / 223. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 1 / 2 / 23 / - tIrthaMkara, buddha aura avatAra se sAbhAra WWW WWWW WWWM 73 217. 37. 38.