Bharatiya Path Samiksha

Author(s): S M Katre, K H Trivedi
Publisher: University Granthnirman Board
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032132/1

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bhAratIya pAI samIkSA lekhaka: DaoN. esI, emA kI anuvAdaka. , ke. eca. trivedI sari gara baMTI graMtha, manaM nuktA pala zIta anagaditaH saumyasya gA IT rAjAeca vagara, bodha gadine gomedavA TTTTTTU 5 vigaNa sadhya nIla cheTlI re ja * yunivani rIte rAja tulA yunivarsiTI graMthanimaNi borDa gujarAta rAjya

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA 134 : lekhaka : Do. esa. ema. kanne Dekkana kaoNleja, pUnA : anuvAdaka : Do. ke. eca. trivedI nalinI enDa araviMda ArTsa kaoNleja, vallabhavidyAnagara graMthanimaNUM * lape) garDa-gujarAta, rAjya yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, amaMdAvAda-6.

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Indian Textual Criticism by Dr. S.M. Katre Translated by Dr. K.H. Trivedi prakAzaka : zrImatI jayaMtI ravi 0.A.S) upAdhyakSazrI ane uccazikSaNa AyuktazrI yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, pATanagara yojanA bhavana, gujarAta kaoNleja pAchaLa, elisabrija, amadAvAda-38006. (c) yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya prathama AvRtti : 1975 dvitIya AvRtti : 1992 tRtIya saMzodhita AvRtti : 2009 nakala : 1100 kiMmata : rUA.50/ "Published by the University Book Production Board, Gujarat State, under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Production of Books and Literature in Regional Languages at the University level, of the Government of India in the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare (Department of Culture), New Delhi." mudraka : rAja grAphiksa jayeza paTela ema-904, sarjana TAvara, gurUkuLa roDa, memanagara, amadAvAda phona : (079) 27451733 mobAIla : 98790 27600

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prakAzana parve cAreka dAyakA pahelA prAdezika bhASAne protsAhana ApavAnI ane yunivarsiTI kakSAe zikSaNa parIkSaNanA mAdhyama tarIke prAdezika bhASA prasthApita karavAnI rASTravyApI yojanA amalamAM mukAI. A yojanA anvaye kendra sarakAre rAjya dITha graMthanirmANa borDa' sthApavAno nirNaya karyo ane ema 1970mAM ApaNA gujarAtanuM yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa astitvamAM AvyuM. pustaka prakAzana mATe kendra sarakAre anudAna ApavAnuM svIkArI ja lIdheluM. 1976thI ApaNI gujarAta sarakAre borDanA saghaLA vahIvaTI kharcanuM uttaradAyitva svIkArI lIdhuM. Ama babbe sarakAro dvArA poSAtA A borDe satata badalAtA paNa nIvaDelA keLavaNIkAronA netRtva heThaLa vizuddha vidyAsaMsthA tarIke gajabanuM kAThuM kADhyuM che eTaluM ja nahIM; vidyAvyAsaMgIonA saMsargamAM rahIne te sarasvatI upAsanAnuM tIrtha banI rahyuM che. yunivarsiTI kakSAe cAlatA vividha kakSAnA vividha vidyAzAkhAnA abhyAsakramone anurUpa saMdarbhagraMtho taiyAra karAvavAnuM mahattvanuM kAma borDa kare che. A mATe vidvAno ane tajJone graMthalekhana mATe sanmAnapUrvaka ijana pAThavavAmAM Ave che, sAthe sAthe vidvAno taraphathI AvatA upayogI prakAzanonA prastAvo upara paNa gaMbhIratAthI vicAraNA karavAmAM Ave che. e bhAgye ja kahevAnuM hoya ke borDanAM pustako mATe guNavattA (quality) ane pramANabhUtatA (authenticity) nuM pUrepUruM dhyAna rAkhavAmAM Ave che. vaLI vidyArthIo mATe ja A pustako lakhAtAM hoI,enI kiMmata paNa vidyArthIonA khissAne paravaDe evI rAkhavAmAM Ave che.

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mane jaNAvatAM AnaMda thAya che ke gujarAta rAjyanI vividha yunivarsiTIomAM vinayana vidyAzAkhAnA bhASA-sAhitya viSayanA adhyayanaadhyApanamAM upayogI pramANabhUta graMtho prApya banI rahe tevI borDanI yojanAnA anusaraNamAM A viSayanA tajjJa DaoN. esa.ema. kege likhita ane DaoN.ke.eca.trivedI anUdita bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA nI tRtIya AvRtti(saMzodhita) borDa pragaTa karI rahyuM che. laghugraMthanI prathama be AvRttine jevo pratisAda sAMpaDyo che teTalo ja umaLakAbharyo AvakAra A AvRttine paNa maLaze evI zraddhA che. A laghugraMtha vidyArthIo, saMsthAone to kharo ja sAthe A viSayamAM abhiruci dharAvanAra jijJAsuone paNa eTalo ja upayogI thaI paDaze enI khAtarI che. ' A graMthanA prakAzana TANe, lekhakazrI tathA jeoe nepathya rahIne A laghugraMthane sulabha banAvavA sahakAra Apyo che te saunuM RNa huM svIkAruM chuM. yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6. Disembara-2009 zrImatI jayaMtI ravi upAdhyakSa

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nivedana (prathama AvRtti) DaoN. esa.ema. katre kRta 'Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism' no A gujarAtI anuvAda prastuta karatAM svAbhAvika AnaMda thAya che. prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ghaNuMkharuM hastaprato rUpe sacavAyeluM che. A sAhitya-vAraso ati samRddha ane mUlyavAna che tathA tenI jALavaNI lahiyAonI aneka peDhIonI parizramapUrNa avirata anulekhana pravRttine AbhArI che. Aje paNa A vipula hastaprata-sAmagrIno ghaNo moTo aMza hastalikhita svarUpamAMthI graMthakAre pragaTa thavAnI apekSAe paDelo che. AthI A hastapratone AdhAre graMthanA saMpAdananuM kArya bhAratIya sAhityanA abhyAsanI dRSTie savizeSa mahattva dharAve che. alabatta, A saMpAdana kArya prAyaH jaTila samasyAothI sabhara hoya che. e to suvidita che ke prAcIna graMthonI je Adhunika pratilipio ApaNane Aje upalabdha thAya che temanI mULa graMthanI vacce samayano lAMbo evo gALo rahelo hovAthI A pratilipiomAM sahajapaNe alaga alaga rahevAnuM. A azuddhio dUra karI graMthane tenA mULa svarUpe nirdhArita karavAnA kArya mATe saMpAdakane pakSe UMDA adhyayana, avirata parizrama ane dhairyanI apekSA rahe e svabhAvika che. anusnAtaka kakSAnA vidyArthIone pATha-samIkSA zAstrano abhyAsa karavAno hoya che. A vidyArthIone pATha-samIkSA zAstranuM adhyApana karatI vakhate DaoN. kannenA prastuta pustakanuM vadhu saghana anuzIlana karavAnI taka sAMpaDI. A laghukAya graMthamAM viSayanI je vyavasthitapaNe zAstrIya Dhabe vizada chaNAvaTa karavAmAM AvI che te A viSayanA abhyAsIne bahumUlya sahAya ane pathapradarzana karavAnI kSamatA dharAve che. vaLI gujarAtI bhASAmAM A viSayanI vistRta carcA karatuM pustaka upalabdha na hovAthI vidyArthIonI muzkelI haLavI karavAnA AzayathI tathA A kSetramAM kArya karavA IcchatA abhyAsI vargane paNa upayogI bane e hetuthI A ja prAmANika graMthane gujarAtI bhASAmAM anudita karavAnuM ucita samajI A prayAsa karyo che. zAstrIya graMthonuM anuvAda-kArya atizaya jhINavaTabharI cokkasAI mAMgI le che. A kAryamAM mAre sauthI moTI samasyA pAribhASika zabdonI hatI. gujarAtI bhASAmAM A viSayanuM vistRta kheDANa na thayuM hovAne kAraNe pAribhASika zabdomAM muzkelI anubhavavI paDI. aMgrejI sivAyanI anya yuropIya bhASAo-jevI ke jarmana, phrenca vagerenA zabdonA anuvAdanuM kArya paNa kaThina hatuM. ahIM te bhASAonA tajJono yathAsaMbhava lAbha lIdho che. mULa kRtine vaphAdAra rahIne anuvAdane zakya eTalo suvAcya banAvavAno prayatna karyo che.

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. hastapratone AdhAre prAcIna kRtionuM saMpAdana karavA IcchatA gujarAtI abhyAsIone temanA kAryamAM jo A pustaMka yatkiMcita sahAyarUpa banaze to gujarAtI bhASAmAM anuvAda karavAno A zrama sArthaka thayo lekhAze. - aMtamAM, A graMthanuM prakAzana hAtha dharavA badala yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDano huM RNI chuM. mUla graMthano gujarAtI anuvAda karavAnI anumati ApavA mATe Dekkana kaoNleja, punAnA niyAmakazrIno huM AbhArI chuM. anuvAda kALajIpUrvaka vAMcI jaI keTaleka sthaLe upayogI sUcano karavA badala A graMthanA vidvAna parAmarzaka DaoN. ramezabhAI beTAIno paNa ahIM AbhAra mAnavo ghaTe. vallabhavidyAnagara - ke.eca. trivedI,

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tRtIya AvRti prasaMge navI AvRtti nimitte anuvAdane punaH avalokavAnuM prApta thayuM. sadbhAgye eka snehI yuvA mitra Do. kanTenuM mULa pustaka meLavI ApyuM, je dvitIya AvRtti veLAe saMyogavaza maLyuM na hatuM. AthI samasta anuvAdanuM siMhAvalokana karavAnI taka maLI - tajjJa mitronAM sUcana paNa lakSamAM lIdhAM pariNAma svarUpa anuvAdamAM yathocita parivartana karI saMskAravAno prayAsa karyo che. ahIM ekAda-be spaSTatAo asthAne nahi gaNAya - (1) "lekhaka' zabdano vyutpatyartha "lahiyo' thAya che. paraMtu gujarAtI bhASAmAM teno prayoga ghaNuM karIne "graMthakartA arthamAM thAya che. AthI ahIM sarvatra te zabda A loka-pracalita arthamAMja abhipreta che. (2) Recension' zabda graMthanI "vAcanA mATe vaparAya che vaLI 'Critical Recension' ne adhikRta vAcanA" athavA "samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa" kahevAmAM Ave che. AthI pATha-samIkSAmAM hastaprata-sAmagrI ekatrita karI vaMzavRkSarUpe tenI goThavaNI (Heuristics) anusaMdhAna karyA pachI adhikRta vAcanA taiyAra karavA mATe prayojAtI pATha-cayana (vibhinna pAThomAMthI yuktatama pAThanI pasaMdagI) prakriyA (Recensio) mATe "saMskaraNa' zabda prayojyo che. ane aMte hastaprato dvArA prApta thato pATha azuddha ja che. evo nizcaya thatAM tenA zuddhikaraNanI prakriyA mATe saMzodhana' (Emendatio) zabda upayukta che. vallabhavidyAnagara - ke.eca. trivedI

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anukramaNikA krama vigata prakaraNa-1 prastAvanA prakaraNa-2 pAThonA prakAra pATha-samIkSAnAM keTalAMka mULatattvo prakaraNa-3 prakaraNa-4 samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA prakaraNa-5 saMcArita pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhionAM kAraNo prakaraNa-6 : saMzodhana prakaraNa-7 pATha-samIkSAnA keTalAka adhiniyamo 93 prakaraNa-8 pATha-saMpAdana aMgenAM vyavahAru sUcano pariziSTa-1 pAlsamIkSAmAM pracalita keTalAka mahattvanA pAribhASika zabdonI sUci pariziSTa-2 bhArata tathA anya dezomAM saMskRta tathA anya bhASAonI hastapratonI graMthasUci banAvavAnA kAryanA ItihAsa ane vikAsano saMkSipta paricaya. 99 pariziSTa-3 keTalIka mahattvapUrNa hastaprato ane samIkSAtmaka saMpAdano 135 saMkSipta saMdarbhasUci 149

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prakaraNa-1 prastAvanA pATha-samIkSAno saMbaMdha svAbhAvika rIte ja graMthonA pATha sAthe che. tenI vyAkhyA A pramANe ApI zakAya -- pAThasamIkSA eTale pAThanirNaya mATe mAnavabuddhino kuzaLa ane vyavasthita viniyoga. pATha evI jANItI bhASAmAM lakhAyelo dastAveja che ke je arthapUrNa hoya ane samIkSaka ochevatte aMze samajI zakato hoya. pAThano Avo artha ApaNe karIe chIe.' AvI paristhitimAM pATha-samAlocaka samakSa upasthita thatI samasyAone spaSTa karavA mATe bhAratamAM mudraNakalAno prAraMbha thayo tyAM sudhInI pATha-saMcAraNa paddhatinA itihAsathI zarUAta karIe to te ucita gaNAze. uparyukta vyAkhyAnusAra pAThano artha likhita dastAveja thAya che.AthI ApaNA abhyAsanA mULa AdhAra tarIke lekhanakalAnuM jJAna ApaNe svIkAravuM rahyuM. haDappA ane moheMjo-daDo saMskRtinuM saMzodhana thayuM te pUrve bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI purAtanatA bahu prAcInakALa sudhI laI jaI zakAya tema na hatI. kAraNa ke prAcInatama likhita dastAvejo I.sa.pU.4thI zatAbdIthI pahelAM laI jaI zakAya tema nathI, jo ke sAhityika pramANo, khAsa karIne je grIka srota dvArA prApta thAya che te sUcave che ke cothI zatAbdIthI ochAmAM ochuM eka saikA pUrvethI lekhanakalA pracAramAM AvI hatI. atyAra sudhI haDappA ke mohaMjo-daDomAMthI koI dastAvejo zodhI zakAyA nathI, tema chatAM moTI saMkhyAmAM mudrAo (seal) mudrAMko (sealing) ane mATIkAmanA TukaDA maLyA che, jemanA para haju sudhI saphaLatApUrvaka ane saMtoSakAraka rIte je ukelI zakAI nathI tevI lipimAM lakhANa kotareluM che. A lakhANa atyaMta TUMkuM che. taduparAMta kotarelA lakhANavALI tAmrapaTTikAo paNa prApta thaI che. kAca jevI mATInI baMgaDIo upara jhINA akSaro (saMjJAo) kotarAyelA che. A pramANone AdhAre sara jona mArzala lakhe che -"mRtpaTTikA (clay 1. Postgate : Companion to Latin Studies, pR. 791 2. Marshall : Mohenjo Daro, 1, 40

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA tablets) jevI anya sAmagrInA abhAve ApaNe anumAna karavuM rahyuM ke siMdhu saMskRtinA jamAnAnA lahiyA mATIne badale bhojapatra, tADapatra, carmapatra, lAkaDuM yA sutarAu kApaDa jevAM ochAM TakAu sAdhanono upayoga karatA hatA, je svAbhAvika rIte yugo pasAra thatAM naSTa thayAM haze." siMdhu saMskRti para lakhelA ndas chilisation nAmanA rasaprada pustakamAM, sara jona mArzalane anusarIne meke lakhe che ke -"badhA ja padArtho paranI lipi tadana sarakhI ja jaNAya che, bhale pachI te padArtho te be zaheronA ucca staramAMthI khodI kADhavAmAM AvelA hoya ke nIcalA staramAMthI. alabatta, sAmAnya prasaMgoe lekhana mATenI koI judI athavA jhaDapI paddhati pracalita haze. paraMtu AnI sAbitI tarIke atyAre koI pramANa upalabdha nathI. koI paNa lAMbA dastAvejono sadaMtara abhAva sUcave che ke sAmAnya rIte lekhanasAmagrI tarIke cAmaDuM, lAkaDuM athavA saMbhavataH patrano paNa upayoga thato haze, je badhAM bhejavALI ane khArI jamInamAM kyAranAya naSTa thayAM che..'...keTalIka pAtaLI laMbacorasa AkAravALI mRtpaTTikAo maLe che. temane eka cheDe kANuM pADelI dAMDI besADelI hoya che. Amano upayoga lekhana paTTikAo tarIke thato hoya te saMbhavita che. AmanuM kada nAnuM che. temanI laMbAI 4 thI 7 IMcanI hoya che. ane koI samaye temanA para cokkasapaNe koI evo suMvALo padArtha lagADavAmAM Avato hato, jenA parathI lakhANa bhUMsI zakAtuM hatuM....A prakAranI kATha-paTTikAo bhAratamAM Aje paNa pracalita che..... mATI paranI saMjJAo moheMjodaDomAM bahu sAmAnya nathI. paraMtu haDappAmAM te vadhu pramANamAM jovA maLe che. vaLI moheMjo-daDomAM maLelI saMjJAo moTA ghaDAonA kAMThA (shoulders) para kotaravAmAM AvelI che. A kissAmAM saMjJAo mudrAo ane tAvIjo paranA varSonA AkArane maLatI Ave che. paraMtu vicitra vastu e che ke lAMbA lakhANavALuM koI mRtpAtrakhaMDa (potsherd) haju maLyA nathI. kadAca ghaNI sahelAIthI dravI jAya tevA zAhI vaparAI hoya, ane te saikAonA gALA daramyAna vilupta thaI hoya to judI vAta che......tema chatAM moheMjo-daDomAM eka mRtpAtrakhaMDa maLI Avyo che, jenI eka bAjue kaMIka hoDI jevuM citra kotaravAmAM AvyuM che ane bIjI bAjue be citrAtmaka saMjJAo jovA maLe che." AgaLa te noMdhe che ke - "pazunI AkRtivALA pAtrano kevaLa eka namUno prakAzamAM 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ejana, 1,35 Indus Civilisation, pR. 13 ejana, pR. 139 ejana, pR. 155 ejana, pR. 155

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prastAvanA Avyo che. AnI AkRti beThelA gheTA jevI che. tenI pIThamAM UMDuM polANa che. teno upayoga kadAca khaDiyA tarIke thato haze." A carcA parathI spaSTa thAya che ke jo ke siMdhu saMskRtinI lipi viSe athavA siMdhu saMskRtinA lahiyA dvArA vAparavAmAM AvatI zakya lekhanasAmagrI viSe ApaNe nizcitapaNe kaMI jANatA nathI chatAM paNa te jamAnAmAM lekhanakaLAM astitva dharAvatI hatI te viSe zaMkAne koI sthAna nathI. moheMjo-daDo sAthe saMkaLAyela eka bIjI hakIkata, je viSe sarakArI ahevAlomAM Azcaryajanaka rIte koI ullekha nathI, te e che ke rAva bahAdurati vakhate zrI) ke.ena. dIkSite I.sa. 1926nI pahelI jAnyuArIe cAMdInA eka TukaDAnI zodha karI hatI. teno kramAMka DI ke 1341 (ena.esa.) che. tenI baMnne bAjue zaMkulipimAM mudrAMkana (cuneiform punches) hovAnuM temaNe noMdhyuM che. A sauthI prAcIna namUno che ane te bhaviSyanA purAlipizAstrIe karavAnA saMzodhana kAryano bhAga banaze. teNe Ane AdhAre blaranA hAla prasiddha praziSTa siddhAMtanuM punaH saMzodhana karavAnuM raheze. vastusthiti Ama che to pachI siMdhu saMskRti pachInA bhAratIya sAhityamAM lekhana vize koI spaSTa ullekha kema maLato nathI? bhAratamAM A samasyA muzkelIbharI che. kAraNa ke Adhunika hindunI dRSTie paNa vedo ane zAstro gurumukhamAM ja rahelAM che. temano zabda likhita pustaka karatAM vadhu pramANabhUta gaNAya che. temano abhyAsa kevaLa guru pAsethI ja thaI zake, hastaprato ke graMthomAMthI nahIM. Aje paNa hinduo muusthA vidyA' arthAt je paMDitanI smRtimAM jaDAyelI hoya te vidyAno ja Adara kare che. bUlara kahe che te pramANe ""Adhunika kavio paNa teonI racanAnuM paThana yA vAcana thAya tema IcchatA nathI. paraMtu temanI kAvya paMktio vidvAna puruSonA kaMThanuM AbhUSaNa' (satAM GbhUSaNa) banI rahe tevI AzA seve che." e ja vidvAnanA matAnusAra, "ApaNI daSTi pahoMcI zake tyAM sudhI to A vastusthiti prAcInakALathI mAMDIne sadaiva A ja prakAranI rahI che. paraMtu jyAre te kahe che ke "AnuM mULa kAraNa kadAca e hovAnI saMbhAvanA che ke hindu zAstro ane kAvyono prAraMbha eve samaye thayo hato ke jayAre lekhanakalA ajJAta hatI, ane likhita varNo pracalita thayA te pUrve maukhika adhyApananI paddhati pUrNa rIte vikasita thaI cUkI hatI, jenAM mULa RgvadamAM jovA maLe che."12 tyAre tenA A vidhAna sAthe saMmata thaI zakAya 8. ejana, pR. 157. A mAhitI mATe huM pro.DI.DI. kosambIno RNI chuM. 10. Indische Palaeographie, sTrAsabarga, 1896. 11. ejana 12. ejana

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA tema nathI, kAraNa ke moheMjo-daDo ane haDappAmAM prApta thayela mudrAo ane tAvIjothI have sAbita thAya che ke A samaya agAu paNa likhita akSaro(saMjJAo) astitva dharAvatA hatA. paraMtu siMdhu saMskRtinI citrAtmaka varNamALA ane maurya yuganI brAhmI yA kharoSThI lipinA akSaro vaccenA samayano gALo bhAratIya itihAsamAM aMdhakAramaya yuga che, jo ke A bannene saMkalita karavAnA prayAso ochA nathI thayA. pro. leMgvana prAcIna brAhmI mULAkSarono vikAsa siMdhu lipimAMthI thayo hovAnuM pratipAdita kare che, paraMtu jyAM sudhI navAM saMzodhano dvArA e banne vacceno gALo purAya nahIM, siMdhu lipine ukelavAmAM na Ave ane te dvArA aMdhakAramaya yuga para prakAza na paDe, tyAM sudhI AvA siddhAMta kevaLa kalpanAnA kSetra pUratA ja maryAdita raheze. lekhanakalAnA pracAranAM sAhityika pramANa brAhmaNa dharma, bauddha ane jaina sAhityamAM prApta thAya che, paraMtu A graMthono kAlakrama coksAIpUrvaka nizcita thayelo na hovAthI ApaNe videzI tArIkhavALI sAmagrImAM prApta thatAM pramANone vadhu mahattvanAM gaNavAM paDe che. I.sa.pU.cothI sadInI aMtima pacIsI viSe nirikosanuM vidhAna prApta thAya che, je anusAra hinduo rUne sArI rIte TIpIne banAvelA kApaDa para akSaro lakhatA hatA; ane yU.karTiyasanI noMdha, vRkSonI aMdaranI komaLa chAla A ja hetu mATe prayojAtI hovAno ullekha kare che ane suprasiddha bhUrjanI chAla prAcIna kALathI prayojAtI hovAnuM spaSTapaNe darzAve che. A vidhAno nirdeza che ke I.sa.pUrve 327 thI 325 nA gALA daramyAna bhAratamAM be bhinna svadezI sAmagrI para lekhanano pracAra hato. te ja rIte moheMjo-daDo athavA haDappA sivAyanA anya prAcInatama bhAratIya zilAlekhonI purAlipizAstrIya cakAsaNInAM pariNAmo sAhityika pramANo sAthe saMpUrNa baMdha bese che, je pAMcamI zatAbdI daramyAna ane kadAca tethI paNa pUrve lekhana-kalAno vyApaka pracAra hovAnuM sAbita kare che. siMdhu saMskRtithI mAMDIne brAhmI ane kharoSThI ane temanA pAchaLanA svarUpa parvatano lekhanakalAno saMpUrNa vikAsa bhAratIya purAlipizAstra paranA svataMtra pustakano viSaya banavo joIe. A kArya siMdhu lipi ukelI zakAya tyAre pachI ja thaI zake. pachInI lipio viSe to bUlarano te viSaya parano utkRSTa nibaMdha hajI paNa avalokanAI che. . * hiMduo dvArA vaparAtI lekhanasAmagrInI bAbatamAM nIcenAno ullekha karI zakAya : 13. aMjana pR. 6

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prastAvanA (1) bhUrja vRkSanI chAla (bhUrjapatra yA bhojapatra) : himAlayamAM bhUrja vRkSo vipula pramANamAM thAya che. temanI aMdaranI chAla lekhana mATe vaparAtI hatI. saMbhavataH karTiyama dvArA evuM sUcana karavAmAM AvyuM che ke sikaMdaranA AkramaNa samaye Ano lekhana-sAmagrI tarIke upayoga thato hato. pAchaLathI uttaranA bauddha ane brAhmaNa dharmanAM saMskRta lakhANomAM teno "bhUrjatvam' tarIke spaSTa ullekha thayelo che. A upakaraNa (bhUfpatra) para lakhAyelA sauthI prAcIna upalabdha dastAveja potAnamAMthI maLI Avela kharoSThI dhammapada ane aphaghAnistAnanA sUpamAM mesanane maLI AvelA dorIthI bAMdhelA "vIMTA' che. A pachI goDaphrenA saMgrahanA aMzo ane bAvara hastapratono ullekha karI zakAya. bAvara hastapratanAM pAna(patra) tADapatranA kada pramANe kApavAmAM AvyAM che. ane temanI madhyamAM kANuM pADavAmAM AvyuM che, jethI temane ekatrita rAkhavA mATe dorI pasAra karI zakAya. te pachI samayanI dRSTie bakSAlI hastaprata Ave che. ane tyAra bAda lAMbA gaNanApAtra samayanA gALA pachI kAzmIranI hastaprato jovA maLe che. A hastaprato pUnA, lAhora, kalakattA, laMDana, okasapharDa, viyenA ane barlinanA pustakAlayomAM sacavAyelI che. AmAMnI eka paNa hastaprata ghaNuM kharuM I.sa.nI paMdaramI zatAbdIthI pUrvenI nathI. . (2) sutarAu kApaDa : Ano ullekha niyarakose karyo che. vaLI keTalIka padyAtmaka smRtio ane sAtavAhana samayanA keTalA zilAlekhomAM paNa Ano nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. te anusAra sarakArI ane aMgata dastAvejo AnA para lakhavAmAM AvatA hatA. Ane "paTa" "paTikA' athavA kAryAsika paTa' kahevAmAM Ave che. barnela ane rAIsanA mata pramANe Aje paNa karNATakanA vyApArIo "kaDatama' nAmanA eka prakAranA kApaDano lekhana mATe upayoga kare che. tenA para AmalInA kacukAnI lugadI lagADavAmAM Ave che, ane pAchaLathI kolasAthI tene kALuM karavAmAM Ave che. tenA upara cAka athavA sIsApena vaDe lakhavAmAM Ave che. A akSaro dhoLA athavA kALA hoya che. bUlarane jesalameramAMthI eka rezamI paTTo maLyo hato, jenA para jaina sUtro zAhIthI lakhAyelAM che. piTarasanane aNahilavADa pATaNamAMthI vikrama saMvata 1418 (I.sa.1351-52)mAM kApaDa para lakhAyelI hastaprata maLI AvI hatI. tyA-menanA avazeSomAM sTeInane kharoSThI lipimAM lakhAyela sapheda rezamI paTTI prApta thaI hatI. vaLI mirAnanAM prAcIna maMdiromAM temane kharoSThI lipimAM lakhAyelA (kotarAyelA) jhINA raMgIna rezamanA traNa moTA TukaDA maLyA hatA. AvA ja akSarovALo eka bIjo

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA namUno temane "jeIDa geTa'mAMthI maLyo hato. jyAre 'greTa megejhIna oNpha dha lAImsa' mAM temane eka sAMkaDI rezamI paTTI maLI AvI hatI, jenA para bhAratIya brAhmI akSaromAM eka lAMbI lITI lakhAyelI che. A akSaro bhAratIya zaka yA kuzAna rAjAonA kALa daramyAna pracalita lipi sAthe sAmya dharAve che. (3) lAkaDAnAM pATiyAM : viniyapiTaka ane jAtakomAM Ano nirdeza che. pazcimanA kSatra nahapAnanA zilAlekhamAM nagaranA sabhAbhavanamAM pATiyA phalakano ullekha che, jenA para RNa saMbaMdhI karAronI noMdha che. brahmadeza (barmA)mAM raMgelA pATiyA para lakhAyelI hastaprato sAmAnya che. ane A prakAranI AsAmamAMthI maLI AvelI eka bhAratIya hastaprata oksapharDanA boDalemana graMthAlayamAM saMgrahAyelI che. (4) tADapatra : hyu-ena-saMga (I.sa.nI 7mI zatAbdI) lekhanasAmagrI tarIke tADapatrano ullekha kare che. paraMtu teno upayoga to tenAthI paNa ghaNA samaya pUrve thayo haze ema jaNAya che. hoyuijhInI tADapatra para lakhAyelI hastaprata cokkasapaNe chaThThI zatAbdInI che, ane goDaphenA saMgrahamAM kAzagaramAMthI maLI AvelA keTalAka aMzo che, je purAlipizAstra pramANe cothI zatAbdInA hovAnuM manAya che. A aMzo bAvara hastapratathI vadhu prAcIna che. bAvara hastapratanAM bhUfpatro tADapatrano mApa pramANe kApavAmAM AvelAM che. takSazilAnuM tAMbAnuM dAnapatra, jeno samaya prathama zatAbdI karatAM pachIno nathI, paNa A prakAranuM che. A parathI ema sUcita thAya che ke tADapatranI svAbhAvika janmabhUmi evA dakSiNathI seMkaDo mAIla dUra paMjAbamAM AvA prAcIna samayamAM A tADapatrano upayoga thato hovo joIe. temanI laMbAI ekathI traNa phuTa sudhInI ane pahoLAI savA IMcathI cAra IMca sudhInI hoya che. bhAratanI tADapatra para lakhAyelI hastaprato be prakAranA tADa (Corypha umbraculifera 349141 Borassus flabellifera)-i 41:14iell off19914i Balack che. prathama prakAra bhArata dezano che. jyAre bIjo kadAca AphrikAmAMthI lAvavAmAM Avyo haze. A baMne prakAranAM vRkSonAM pAna lAMbAM ane cheDe aNIdAra ane madhyavartI nasavALAM hoya che. jANItI tADapatra hastapratonA saMpUrNa parIkSaNa dvArA hornale evA nirNaya para AvyA che ke prAraMbha kALanI badhI ja tADapatra para lakhAyelI hastaprato bhAratIya tADa (Corypha)nA pAnamAMthI banAvavAmAM AvelI che. horiyujhI hastapratathI zarU karIne pachInI saMkhyAbaMdha tADapatra hastaprato sAbita kare che ke prAcIna kALathI mAMDIne uttara, pUrva, madhya ane pazcima bhAratamAM badhe ja temanA para zAhIthI lakhANa lakhavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. draviDa pradezamAM ane orissAmAM

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prastAvanA prAcIna kALamAM ane haju Aje paNa akSaro aNIdAra sAdhana vaDe kotaravAmAM AvatA hatA ane pAchaLathI kAjaLa yA kolasAthI temane kALA karavAmAM AvatA hatA. badhI ja tADapatra-hastapratomAM sAmAnya rIte vacce ane koI vAra javalle ja, kAzagaramAMthI maLI AvelA namUnAmAM che tema, DAbI bAjue eka kANuM pADavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. athavA DAbI ane jamaNI e banne bAjue eka ema be kANAM pADavAmAM AvatAM. A kANAMmAMthI dorI (sUtra athavA zarayaMtraka) pasAra karavAmAM AvatI jene pariNAme pAnAM ekatrita rahetAM. (5) carma : subaMdhunI vAsavadattAmAM prApta thatA eka ullekha parathI evuM anumAna thAya che ke cAmaDAno upayoga lakhavA mATe thato hato. paraMtu dhArmika kriyAomAM cAmaDAne apavitra mAneluM hovAthI hiMduonA lekhone lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI to A anumAna jarA jokhamI jaNAya che. yuropanA saMgrahomAM kAzagaramAMthI maLelA ane jemanA para bhAratIya akSara kotarelA che tevA cAmaDAnA TukaDA astitva dharAve che ema kahevAya che. cInI turkastAnamAM sTeIna (atyAre sara orela) ne temanI yugapravartaka zodhayAtrA daramyAna niyAmAMthI cAmaDI para lakhAyelA Azare be Dajhana kharoSThI dastAvejo maLI AvyA che, jemAMnA ghaNA kharA para samaya noMdhAyelo che. dekhItI rIte A sarakArI dastAvejo jaNAya che. lekhana mATe prayojAyelI te sAmagrI bhAratIya saMskRtithI raMgAyelI bauddha prajAmAM pracalita hovA vize koI zaMkA nathI. A saMbaMdhe vilsana smitha (jarnala opha royala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1902, pRSTha 23ra para lakhelI TUMkI noMdhamAM) phrebono ullekha kare che. breboe (15,72,73; anuvAda: mekakrInDala, Ancient India as described by Strabo, pR.71) ogasTasa sIjhara (avasAna I.sa.14) ne mokalavAmAM Avela carmapatra para lakhAyela bhAratIya sarakArI dastAvejanI noMdha sAcavI che. Ama dhArmika dRSTie apavitra mAnavAmAM Avela hovA chatAM cAmaDAno yA carmapatrano lakhANa mATe upayoga prAcIna bhAratIya lahiyAonA kAryakSetrathI taddana bahAra rahyo hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. (6) dhAtuo : dhAtuono kevaLa ullekha ja bhAratIya sAhityamAM che tema nathI, paraMtu ghaNAye mahattvanAM dAna dhAtuputra para kotarelAM jovA maLe che. lakhANa mATe suvarNa ane rajatapatrono prayoga thayelo che ane takSazilA najIka gAMgumAM temaja bhaDhiprolanA stUpomAM vratapUrti mATe ApelAM dAna saMbaMdhI lakhANonA namUnA prApta thayA, che. AnA karatAM paNa tAMbAnA patro (tAmrapaTa, tAmrapatra, tAmrazAsana athavA kevaLa tAmra)no upayoga lAMbA samaya sudhI TakAvavA hoya tevA viMvidha prakAranA dastAvejone mATe khAsa karIne bhUmidAno mATe vadhu pramANamAM pracalita hato. phAhiyAna (I.sa.400nI

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA AsapAsa) buddhanA samayathI prApta thayelAM tAmrapatra para apAyelAM dAnono ullekha kare che. sogharA-patra ApaNane jaNAve che ke mauryayuga daramyAna sarakArI hukamanAmAM tAMbA para lakhavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. A patra(plate)ne retInA bIbAmAM DhALavAmAM AveluM che, jemAMnA akSaro ane temanA paranAM mudrAMko pahelethI ja aNIdAra sAdhana yA dhAradAra lAkaDAnA TukaDA vaDe kotaravAmAM AvelA hatA. AthI akSaro tathA mudrAMko e banne bIbAmAM DhALelo patra para UpasI Ave che. bIjAM badhAM tAmrapatro hathoDAthI TIpIne teyAra karavAmAM AvelAM che; ane temAMnAM ghaNAMnA upara hathoDAnA ghAnAM cihno spaSTapaNe varatAya che. temanI jADAI ane kadamAM sAruM evuM vaividhya pravarte che; jema ke keTalAMkanuM pataruM eTaluM pAtaLuM hoya che ke temane bevaDA vALI zakAya ane temanuM vajana thoDA samAtra hoya che. jyAre bIjAM keTalAMka atizaya vajanadAra hoya che, jemanuM vajana ATha yA nava pAunDa(zera) ke tethI paNa vadhu hoya che. temanuM kada kaMIka aMze je pradezamAMthI mULa bahAra pADavAmAM AvyAM hoya tyAM sAmAnyataH je prakAranI lekhana-sAmagrI pracalita hoya te para AdhArita hoya che ane kaMIka aMze je dastAveja temanA para kotaravAno hoya tenI laMbAI, lakhanAra adhikArInA akSaronuM kada, ityAdi para avalaMbe che. luhAro haMmezAM temane je mUlAdarza ApavAmAM Avyo hoya tenuM ja anukaraNa karatA hoya che. ane pariNAme jo mUlAdarza tADapatra para hoya to dhAtupatra sAMkaDuM ne lAMbu rahetuM ane jo te bhUrjapatra para hoya to vadhu pahoLuM banAvavAmAM AvatuM, je ghaNIvAra lagabhaga corasa banI jatuM. sAMkaDAM tAmrapatra dakSiNa bhAratanI viziSTatA che, ane vadhu pahoLAM tenAthI uttaranA pradezonI viziSTatA che. jo eka karatAM vadhu patronI jarUra paDe to AvAM patrone sAmAnya rIte temAM goLa kANAM pADI temAMthI tAMbAnI kaMDIo pasAra karIne joDavAmAM AvatAM. dakSiNamAM mAtra eka ja kaDI jovA maLe che. vividha tAmramUrtionA pAyA para paNa vratapUrti (yA pratijJApUrti) saMbaMdhI lakhANa kotarelAM dekhAya che. - - (7) paththara : ati prAcIna kALathI, taddana bhinna bhinna prakAranA paththaro, goLa ane kRtrima rIte suMvALA banAvelA asitAzma (basalt) athavA TrepanI zilAo, temaja kalAtmaka rIte kotarelA paththaranA khaDakonA staMbha ane sphaTikanA pAsA (prism) paNa dastAveja lakhavA mATe prayojAtA hatA. AvuM lakhANa sarakArI yA binasarakArI (aMgata) dastAvejothI mAMDIne kAvyAtmaka ugAro sudhI game te prakAranuM rahetuM. ajameramAM cAhamAna rAjA vigraha cothA ane tenA rAjakavi somadevanAM nATakonA ghaNA aMza prApta thAya che. vaLI bijhollImAM jaina "sthalapurANa'nA ghaNAM sargo A rIte astitva dharAve che.

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prastAvanA 0 () IMTo : vAyavya prAMtomAMthI bauddha sUtro jemanA para kotaravAmAM AvyAM hoya evI IMTo maLI AvI che. dekhItI rIte ja mATI bhInI hoya tyAre pahelAM temanA para akSaro kotaravAmAM AvatA ane pachI te IMTone pakavavAmAM AvatI. " (9) kAgaLaH kAgaLa paranI hastaprato ghaNuM karIne teramI zatAbdIthI prAcIna nathI. kAzagaramAMthI maLI AvelI jipsamanA tharavALA viziSTa kAgaLa para lakhAyelI prAcIna hastaprato mULa bhAratIya hovA viSe zaMkA che. hornalanA mata pramANe A badhI ja hastaprato madhya eziyAmAM lakhAyelI hatI. kAgaLa para lakhAyelI hastapratonI bAbatamAM ghaNuM saMzodhana karavAnuM bAkI che.atyAra sudhI A prakAranI hastapratonI sAmagrIno abhyAsa karavAno sthiratA ane khaMtapUrvaka koI prayatna thayo nathI, kAraNa ke temanI prApti ApaNane jude jude sthaLethI thaI che, ane temano samaya judo judo che. A dizAmAM karavAmAM Avelo abhyAsa ApaNane, udAharaNa tarIke, kAgaLanI prApta thayelI hastapratono samaya vAjabI maryAdAmAM rahIne nizcita karavA zaktimAna banAvI zake; je kAgaLa para hastaprata lakhAI hoya, tenI banAvaTa, dekhAva, mApa, voTara-mArka (jo hoya to) ItyAdinA abhyAsathI tenuM kAlakramanI dRSTie vargIkaraNa zakya bane ane purAlipividyAnA saMdarbhamAM hastapratanA kAla-nirNaya mATe svataMtra pramANa tarIke kArya karI zake. eka rIte aitihAsika purAlipividyA para A eka niyaMtraNarUpa banI zake. bahu prAcIna samayathI lekhana mATe zAhIno upayoga thayelo hovAnuM manAya che. meke ane anya vidvAnonI dhAraNA evI che ke moheMjo-daDomAM pITha para UMDA polANavALA tathA beThelA gheTAnA AkAravALA pazvAkRti pAtrano je namUno maLyo che te khaDiyo hovAnI zakyatA che. vadhu jANItA samaya tarapha AvatAM niyarakosa ane yu.karTisanAM vidhAno bhAratamAM I.sa. pUrve cothI zatAbdI daramiyAna zAhIno upayoga thato hovAnI vAtane atyaMta saMbhavita banAve che. potAnamAMthI prApta thayelA kharoSThI dastAvejo I.sa.nI pahelI zatAbdImAM zAhInA upayoganI lokapriyatA sAbita kare che. paraMtu zAhInA lakhANono atyAra sudhI jANamAM Avela sauthI prAcIna namUno aMdheranA stUpanA avazeSa-pAtra (relic vase) paranuM lakhANa che. ane te nizcitapaNe I.sa.pUrve bIjI zatAbdI pachInuM to nathI ja. ajaMTAnI guphAomAM hajIye raMgIna zilAlekho maLe che. jainoe pAchaLathI temanI hastapratomAM raMgIna zAhIno chUTathI upayoga karyo che. taduparAMta prAcIna kALathI ja zAhInI jagyAe cAka, siMdura tema ja hiMgaLoka (hiMmutta) no upayoga paNa karavAmAM Avato hato. lakhavAnA sAdhananuM sAmAnya nAma "lekhanI' che, temAM aNIdAra sIsApena, pIMchI, baru ane lAkaDAnI kalamano samAveza thAya che. I.sa.pUrve cothI zatAbdImAM

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che. bhAratIya pAmIkSA dhaMdhAdArI lahiyAne "lipikara' yA "libikara' kahevAmAM Avato hato. I.sa.nI sAtamI ane AThamI sadIomAM dastAvejonA lahiyAne "divirapati' kahevAmAM Avato hato. ane agiyAramI zatAbdIthI dhaMdhAdArI lahiyAno kAyastha' tarIke ullekha paNa jovA maLe che, jo ke te zabdano jJAtinAma tarIke sarva prathama ullekha I.sa. 738-39nA kaNasvanA zilAlekhamAM maLe che. zilAlekhako mATe prayojAtAM bIjAM nAma "karaNa" (karaNaka) athavA koIka ja vAra "karasin', "zAsanika ane dharmalekhinuM che. sulekhananI dRSTie bhAratIya hastaprato mahattvapUrNa nathI. A tabakke zilAlekho ane hastapratonI paMktio, zabdonI goThavaNI, virAma cihno ityAdi saMbaMdhI bahiraMga vyavasthA tema ja anya vigato jANI levI paNa jarUrI che. suMvALA paththaro para kotarelA prAcInatama zilAlekhomAM paNa zilAlekhakoe vyavasthita sIdhI lITImAM lakhavAno ane mAtrA(mAtR1)onA uparanA cheDA sarakhI uMcAInA karavAno prayAsa karyo che; jo ke azokanA salATono A prayatna ghaNuM kharuM thoDAka zabdo pUrato ja saphaLatA pAmyo che. paraMtu te ja samayanA anya dastAvejomAM, jemake ghasuMDI zilAlekhamAM, pAchaLanA ane Aje paNa mAnya siddhAMtanuM vadhu kALajIpUrvaka pAlana thayuM che, je anusAra svaracihno tathA rakAranA repha tathA A prakAranAM cihno ja zirorekhAnI upara bahAra kADhavAmAM AvelAM che. hastapratomAMnI paMktio haMmezAM taddana sIdhI rahetI. jemake, potAnamAMthI maLela prAkRta dhammapada ane bauddha nATakonA aMzo jevA sauthI prAcIna namUnAomAM paNa A jovA maLe che. ane saMbhava che ke A mATe koI sIdhI dhAravALAM sAdhanonI madada levAmAM AvatI haze. prAcIna tADapatra paranI hastapratomAM ane pAchaLanI kAgaLa paranI hastapratomAM paMktinA aMtabhAgamAM be UbhI lITIonuM cihna karavAmAM AvatuM ane A UbhI lITIo patranA aMta sudhI cAlu rahetI. hastapratomAM paMktio AdithI aMta sudhI haMmezAM sIdhI (ADI, samakSitijI) rekhAmAM lakhavAmAM AvatI. sAmAnya rIte zabdone alaga pADyA sivAya paMktinA yA zlokanA yA zlokArdhanA yA anya koI paNa vibhAjananA aMta sudhI saLaMga bhegA lakhavAnI paddhati hatI; tema chatAM keTalIka prAcInatama hastapratomAM ekalA zabdone yA paraspara joDAyelA zabdasamUhone temanAM artha pramANe yA adhikArInI ke lahiyAnI vAMcavAnI rIta pramANe chUTA pADelA ApaNe joIe chIe. A rIte potAnamAMthI prApta thayela kharoSThI dhammapadamAM pratyeka paMkti eka zloka yA zlokArdhanI banelI che. bAvara hastaprata jevI anya prAcIna hastapratomAM ekalA zabdo yA zabdasamUhone dekhItI rIte nizcita

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prastAvanA karI zakAya evA koI siddhAMtone anusaryA vinA ja ghaNIvAra alaga lakhavAmAM AvelA che. kharoSThI zilAlekhomAM virAmacihno jovA maLatAM nathI. paraMtu prAkRta dhammapadamAM pratyeka padyane aMte eka goLAkAra cihna jovA maLe che, je ghaNIvAra bedarakArIthI karavAmAM AvyuM che, chatAM je AjanA zUnyane maLatuM Ave che. "vagarane aMte paNa cihna hoya che. A cihna saMbhavataH kamaLa darzAve che. AvuM cihna keTalAka zilAlekhone aMte paNa jovA maLe che. paraMtu bAhmImAM prAcInatama kALathI ghaNAM virAmacihno jovA maLe che. bUlara ATha cihno gaNAve che - eka daMDa (UbhI lITI), be daMDa, traNa daMDa (je anukrame zabdasamUho athavA gadyanuM paghathI pRthakkaraNa, vAkyanI samApti ane dastAvejanI samApti darzAve che), eka ADI lITI, be ADI lITIo, be UbhI lITIo pachI eka ADI lITI, ardha caMdrAkAra cihna, ane ardhacaMdra vacce lITI. prAcIna virAmacihnonA itihAsane anulakSIne zilAlekhonA abhyAsanI phalazrutino sArAMza A pramANe darzAvI zakAya: "prAcInatama samaya daramyAna kevaLa ekalI lITIo, sIdhI yA vAMkI, prayojAyelI che. ane A prathA ApaNA yuganA (arthAta IsavIsananA) prAraMbha sudhI pracalita hatI. paraMtu temano upayoga javalle ja thayelo che. I.sa.nA prAraMbha pachI ApaNane vadhu jaTila cihno jovA maLe che. paraMtu pAMcamI zatAbdI sudhI temanA upayoganI bAbatamAM acokkasatA pravarte che. te samaya pachI ApaNane virAmacihnonI vadhu vyavasthita paddhati jovA maLe che. khAsa karIne, paththara para lakhAyelI prazastiomAM A vizeSa najare paDe che. I.sa. 473-74mAM lakhAyelI maMdasora prazasti sAbita kare che ke zlokAIne aMte eka daMDa ane zlokAnta be daMDa e Aje paNa TakI rahelo siddhAMta te samaye astitva dharAvato hato. paraMtu AThamI zatAbdI paryata khAsa karIne dakSiNamAM, vibhinna tAmrapatro tathA paththara para lakhAyelA lekho maLe che, jemanA para koI paNa virAmacihna jovA maLatuM nathI." anya mAnavIya pravRttinI jema ja lekhanakalA paNa kSatiothI para nathI. AthI zilAlekhanuM lakhANa kotaratI vakhate athavA bhojapatra, tADapatra yA kAgaLa para lakhatI vakhate paNa bhUlo to thavAnI ja. A bhUlone be vargamAM vibhAjita karI zako (1) bhUlabharyA zabdo, paricchedo ane (2) bhUlathI zabdo, varNo ke zabda-samUho lakhavA rahI javA te (omission). azokanA zilAlekha jevA prAcInatama zilAlekhomAM bhUlabharyA paricchedo kevaLa chekI nAkhavAmAM AvelA che. te pachInA samayamAM lahiyAnI bhUla batAvavA paMktinI upara yA nIce TapakAM yA tUTaka lITIono prayoga karavAmAM 15. dische Palaeographie. pR. 84-85

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA Avelo che. hastapratomAM paNa A ja paddhati apanAvavAmAM AvelI che. paraMtu pAchaLanA samayamAM hastapratamAM kADhI nAkhavAnA lakhANa para haLadara athavA pILo raMga lagADavAmAM Avato hato. azokanA tema ja anya prAcIna zilAlekhomAM bhUlathI rahI gayelA akSaro yA zabdone paMktinI upara ke nIce te kyAM mUkavAnA che tenA sthaLano nirdeza karyA sivAya ja umeravAmAM AvelA che. athavA to akSaro vacce rahelI jagyAmAM te umeravAmAM Ave che. pAchaLanA zilAlekhomAM ane hastapratomAM te je sthaLe lakhavAnA rahI gayA hoya te sthaLe nAnA sIdhA yA trAMsA "krosa (jene "kAkapada' yA "haMsapada' kahe che) dvArA darzAvavAmAM Ave che ane rahI gayelI vastu hAMsiyAmAM athavA be paMktionI vacce umeravAmAM Ave che. keTalIka vAra "krosane badale "svastika mUkavAmAM Ave che. dakSiNa bhAratIya hastapratomAM "krosa'no prayoga jANI joIne karelA lopa (omission) darzAvavA mATe paNa karavAmAM Ave che. anya sthaLoe, jANI joIne karavAmAM AvelA athavA mULa prata yA AdarzapratamAM rahelI kSatine kAraNe uddabhavelA lopane paMkti para TapakAM dvArA athavA paMktinI upara tUTaka rekhA dvArA darzAvavAmAM Ave che. keTalIka hastapratomAM jagyA khAlI rAkhavAmAM AvI che. "ga' svarano lopa darzAvavA prayojAtuM avagraha cihna (Da)sarva prathama rASTrakUTa rAjA dhruvanA samayanA (I.sa.834-35) vaDodarAnA tAmrapatramAM jovA maLe che. avAcya paricchedone darzAvavA mATe "kuMDala' arthAt vIMTI ane "svastikano prayoga karavAmAM Avato hato. saMkSepo(TUMkuM rUpa)no prayoga sarvaprathama pazcima bhAratanA I.sa. 150nI AsapAsanA keTalAke zilAlekhomAM jovA maLe che; jema ke, siri pulumAIno zilAlekha, nAsika guphA naM.15 ane sakasena-mADharIputra yA sirisenano zilAlekha, kAnherI guphA naM.14. vAyavya pradezamAM kuzAna yugathI saMkSepo sAmAnyapaNe prayojAtA dekhAya che. temAM sauthI vadhu sAmAnya saMkSepo varSa, Rtu, mAsa ane vAra (divaso) saMbaMdhe ane vaLI pakSa saMbaMdhe paNa hoya che. chaThThI zatAbdIthI pazcima bhAratanA zilAlekhomAM anya zabdo mATe paNa chUTAchavAyA saMkSepo jovA maLe che, jema ke "dUta' mATe "dU. agiyAramI zatAbdIthI birudo, jAti, jJAtinAM nAma ItyAdinA saMkSepo ati pracalita banatA dekhAya che. hastapratomAM AnAM darzana thAya che. kharoSThI dhammapadamAM paNa A jovA maLe che, jemake "gAthA' mATe "gA' evo saMkSepa prayojAyo che. hastapratonuM pRSAMkana pRSThanI daSTie nahIM paraMtu pAna(patra)ne ekama tarIke svIkArI karavAmAM Ave che. pAna yA patranI saMkhyA dakSiNamAM prathama pRSTha para (eTale ke pAnanI AgaLanI bAju para) ane anyatra dvitIya pRSTha para (eTale ke pAnanI pAchaLanI bIjI bAju para) lakhavAmAM Ave che. makAInInA saMgrahamAM madhya eziyAmAMthI

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prastAvanA maLelAM ane uttara bhAratIya (gupta) brAhmI lipimAM lakhAyelAM keTalAMka bhUrjapatra para pAnanA prathama pRSTha para patra saMkhyA lakhavAmAM AvI che. te parathI bUlare te dakSiNa bhAratanAM hovAnuM pratipAdita kareluM che. paraMtu hornalano mata evo hato ke uttara bhAratIya lipinA akSaro dakSiNa bhArata sAthe temano koI paNa saMbaMdha na hovAnuM darzAve che ane pRchAMkananI A paddhati svataMtra rIte paNa madhyaeziyAmAM pracalita banI hoya e saMbhava che, kAraNa ke makAInInI hastapratomAMnI ja keTalIka madhya eziyAI brAhmI lipimAM kAgaLa para lakhAyelI hastaprato A hakIkatane pramANita kare che. dorI vaDe bAMdhelAM bhUrjapatra ane tADapatranAM pAnAM para temanA mApanAM lAkaDAnAM kavara (AvaraNa) mUkavAmAM AvatAM ane A rivAja hajI paNa kAgaLanI hastapratonI bAbatamAM pracalita che. dakSiNamAM AvaraNone paNa ghaNuM kharuM kANAM pADavAmAM AvatAM hatAM ane temAMthI lAMbI dorI pasAra karavAmAM AvatI hatI. A dorIne AvaraNanI AjubAju viTALavAmAM AvatI ane tene gAMTha mAravAmAM AvatI hatI. A kAryapaddhati atiprAcIna kALamAM paNa pracalita hatI ane pazcima tathA uttara bhAratanI tADapatra hastapratomAM A dRSTigocara thatI hatI. nepALamAM khAsa karIne mUlyavAna hastapratonAM AvaraNa keTalIka vAra dhAtumAMthI banAvavAmAM AvatAM. A rIte taiyAra karelI hastaprato sAmAnya rIte raMgIna athavA bharata bharelA kApaDamAM vIMTALavAmAM AvatI. kAzmIramAM muslima praNAlikA pramANe hastapratone ghaNI vAra cAmaDAmAM bAMdhavAmAM AvatI. AvI hastaprato sAmAnyataH maMdiro, mahAvidyAlayo, maTho, rAjasabhAo athavA ghaNI vyaktionAM aMgata raheThANomAMnA graMthAlayomAM sAcavavAmAM AvatI. graMthAlaya mATenuM prAcIna nAma (saMjJA) bhAratIbhAMDAgAra' athavA "sarasvatIbhAMDAgAra' che. kavi bANa (i.sa.620nI AsapAsa) vize kahevAya che ke te potAno aMgata vAcaka rAkhato. te parathI tenI pAse samRddha aMgata graMthAlaya haze evuM anumAna karI zakAya. madhyayuganuM eka prasiddha rAjadarabArI graMthAlaya 11mI zatAbdImAM thaI gayela dhArAnagarInA rAjA bhojanuM hatuM. Azare I.sa.1140mAM mALavA para caDAI karI | vijayI banela siddharAja jayasiMha tene aNahilavADa (AjanuM pATaNa) laI gayo hato, jyAM tene caulukyonI rAjasabhAnA graMthAlayanI sAthe joDI devAmAM AveluM jaNAya che. saikAo vItatAM A graMthAlayo atyaMta samRddha banyAM. A rIte bUlarane khaMbhAtanAM be jaina graMthAlayomAMthI trIsa hajAra uparAMta hastaprato ane tAMjoranA rAjamahela graMthAlaya' (Palace Library)mAMthI bAra hajAra uparAMta hastaprato maLI hatI. caulukyA vizaLadeva (I.sa. 1242-62)nA graMthAlayamAM "naiSadhIya'nI hastaprata maLI hovAnuM kahevAya che, jenA para vidyAdhare te kAvyanI sarvaprathama TIkA lakhI hatI. A uparAMta ;

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA kAmasUtra'nI hastaprata paNa ahIMthI prApta thaI hatI, jene AdhAre yazodhare jayamaMgalA TIkAnI racanA karI hatI. bone yunivarsiTInA graMthAlayamAMnI rAmAyaNanI eka hastaprata vizaLadevanA saMgrahamAMnI Adarzapratane AdhAre banAvAmAM AvI che. A rIte bhAratamAM moDAmAM moDuM sAtamI zatAbdInI hastaprato tema ja temane mATenAM graMthAlayonA astitvanAM keTalAMka pramANa upalabdha thAya che, jo ke bhAratanI bahAra zodhAyelA saMgrahomAM AthI paNa ghaNA pahelAMnA samayanI bhAratIya hastaprato maLI AvI che. Ama siMdhu khINa saMskRtinA samayathI bhArata lekhana-kalAthI nizcitapaNe paricita hatuM ane te samayanAM mudrA-tAvIjomAM I.sa.pUrve cothI zatAbdInA zilAlekho rUpe prApta thatA dastAvejomAM lekhanakalAnAM cihno jovA maLe che. tema chatAM likhita (lipibaddha) graMthonA astitva mATe koI pramANa maLatuM nathI. vaidika adhyayananI sAthe saMkaLAyelI maukhika paraMparA kharekhara ati prAcIna che ane jo ke likhita pAThyagraMtho astitva dharAvatA hatA tema chatAM lekhana dvArA temanA saMcAraNanuM mahattva temanA maukhika saMcAraNanI sarakhAmaNImAM ochuM hoya ema jaNAya che. vAstavamAM pataMjali (Azare I.sa.pU.150) dvArA pANininI aSTAdhyAyI para mahAbhASyanI racanA likhita svarUpamAM ja saMbhave che. tema chatAM pataMjali lekhanakalA viSe koI ullekha karatA nathI. kharekhara to te samajAve che ke "liza' dhAtu 3varaNajyi che. ane pANinIya paraMparA haMmeza maukhika rahI che, je kevaLa bolAtA dhvaninI carcA kare che, likhita akSaronI kadApi nahIM. A siddhAMtanA sacoTa udAharaNa tarIke A saMpradAyanuM ja siddhAMta-vAkya "pratimAnunAsiyA: panIyA:' samajI zakAya. pAchaLanA samayamAM jyAre lekhanakalA vadhu vyApaka banI tyAre paNa mahattvanA graMthonuM saMcAraNa maukhikarUpe jeTaluM thatuM teTaluM likhitarUpe na hatuM. ane madhyayugamAM banArasanA eka paMDitanI kathA che je nadiyA jaIne navyanyAya saMpradAyanA suprasiddha zAstrIya graMthano saMpUrNa pATha temanI gaMjAvara smRtimAM saMgharI lAvyA hatA. - graMthonA maukhika saMcAraNanI A vadhu rUDhicusta ane paraMparAvAdI paddhatine pariNAme hinduonuM dhArmika sAhitya laukika sAhityanI sarakhAmaNIe vadhu pramANamAM zuddha rIte sacavAyeluM che. kAraNa ke A dharmagraMthonuM vidyArthIe adhyApaka bole te pramANe anupaThana karavAnuM rahetuM ane tene kaMThastha karavAnuM rahetuM. A prakAre RgvadanAM sUkato Aje ApaNe chapAyelI AvRttiomAM je prakAre joIe chIe te ja prakAre chellAM traNa hajAra varSa daramyAna zabda zabda, varNa varNa, svara sahita, ghaNuM kharuM aparivartita rahyAM che. paraMtu dharmanirapekSa ane laukika sAhityanI bAbata jarA judI hatI. ahIM pAThamAM sAce ja saMkhyAbaMdha vikRtio pravezatI, kAraNa ke pratyeka zikSaka yA pAThaka mAnato ke tene potAne temAM mana phAvatuM

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prastAvanA 15 parivartana - vadhArA ghaTADA - karavAno hakka hato. ane AvA pAThane temanA prAcInatama yA mUla svarUpe pahoMcADavAnuM kArya pAThasamIkSaka mATe agharuM ane ghaNI vAra azakya bane che. taduparAMta evI paNa zakyatA rahelI hatI ke mULa paraMparAmAM vikSepa pahoMce ane pAchaLathI tene kevaLa aMzataH punarjIvita karavAmAM Ave. pariNAme jema jaina Agama graMthomAM banyuM che tema mUla Agama graMtha keTalAka paraspara saMkaLAyelA athavA paraspara virodhI vargomAM vaheMcAI jato. maukhika saMcAraNamAMthI likhita yA pralekhIya (documental) saMcAraNa tarapha saMkrAMti kramazaH thaI hovI joIe. jema jema maukhika rIte saMcArita karavAnA graMthonI saMkhyA vadhavA mAMDI tema tema badhI ja paraspara saMkaLAyelI vidyAzAkhAo para prabhutva dharAvanArA samartha vyaktionI saMkhyA pAThyagraMthonI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaTavA lAgI hovI joIe. Ane pariNAme maukhika saMcAraNonI viziSTa paraMparAono udbhava thayo. bauddha ane jaina dhArmika sAhityanI bAbatamAM ApaNe jANIe chIe ke temanA Agama graMthone noMdhavAnuM kArya viziSTa carcAsabhAone soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A sabhAonuM * kArya A rIte A saMcAraNanI vikharAyelI paraMparAone eka jagyAe ekatrita karavAnuM ane saMcAraNanA viziSTa saMpradAyomAM alaga alaga rIte jANItA pAThone eka biMdue prasthApita karavAnuM rahetuM. bauddha ane jaina dharmagraMthonA pAThone nizcita karavA mATe yojAyelI AvI keTalIka carcAsabhAo vize ApaNe jANIe chIe. paraMtu sAhityanA ItihAsane anya pAThyagraMtho saMbaMdhe AvA prasaMgo noMdhAyA hovAnuM sadbhAgya sAMpaDyuM nathI. A noMdhAyelA prasaMgonI bAbatomAM paNa teoe A vikharAyelA pAThone saMgaThita karI temanuM ekIkaraNa karavA mATe kaI paddhati apanAvI hatI te viSe ApaNe ajJAta chIe; jema ke, ApaNe jANatA nathI ke te pAThane kharekhara lipibaddha karavAmAM AvyA hatA ke pachI pharIthI koI kendriya saMpradAya (school) dvArA kevaLa maukhika rIte temanuM saMcAraNa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. jema mULa paraMparAmAM vikSepa pahoMce te pramANe pADyagraMthonuM maukhika saMcAraNa khaMDita thavAnI zakyatA hatI, tevI ja rIte likhita graMthane tenA saMcAraNanAM vadhu gaMbhIra vikSepa pahoMcavAnI kharekhara vadhAre zakyatA rahetI. ApaNe prAcIna tathA madhyakAlIna bhAratamAM pracalita lekhanasAmagrI viSe joyuM. jemanA para ApaNA pAThyagraMtho AdhArita che te hastapratomAMnI ghaNIkharI dazamI zatAbdI pahelAMnI nathI, ane temAMnI ghaNIkharI teramA saikA pachInI che. A hakIkata parathI likhita dastAvejonA nazvara svarUpane ApaNe saheje samajI zakIe. A pramANe je graMthone ghaNAkharA dharmagraMthonI jema, athavA rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata ke purANagraMthonI jema, maukhika saMcAraNanuM saubhAgya sAMpaDyuM na hatuM, tevA graMthonuM saMrakSaNa khAsa karIne hastapratonA saMgraha ane temanA pratilipIkaraNa para

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36 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA AdhArita hatuM. A anulekhananuM kArya eTaluM mahattvapUrNa hatuM ke pAchaLanAM purANomAM, bauddha mahAyAna graMthomAM ane prAcIna mahAkAvya(rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata)mAM pAchaLathI thayelAM arvAcIna umeraNomAM pustakonA pratilipIkaraNa ane hastapratonA nirmANanI prazaMsA mahApuNyadAyI dhArmika kriyA tarIke karavAmAM AvI che. A pravRttinuM mahattva e parathI AMkI zakAya ke je hastaprato dvArA ApaNe prAcIna graMtho prApta karyA che te hastapratono samaya bahu prAcIna kALa sudhI pahoMcI zakato nathI, ane A rIte jemanA dvArA hajAro graMtho sacavAyelA che te hastaprato te graMthonI mULaprato hotI nathI, paraMtu kevaLa pratilipionI pratilipio hoya che, ane te paNa keTalAmI pratilipi teno nirNaya karavo prAyaH azakya hoya che. AthI vartamAna upalabdha hastapratomAM samAyela mahAna vArasAnuM saMrakSaNa karavA mATe ApaNe prAcIna ane madhyayugIna lahiyAoe AdarelI anulekhananI avirata pravRttinA RNI chIe. bhAratamAM chellAM be hajAra varSanI sAhityika pravRttionA itihAsanuM saMzodhana karIe to aneka kAraNavaza ApaNe je graMtho sadAyane mATe gumAvyA che temanI saMkhyA joIne kadAca ApaNane AghAta thAya. upalabdha hastapratomAM ApaNane ghaNIvAra suprasiddha lekhakonI* evI kRtio saMbaMdhI ullekho prApta thAya che je haju sudhI zodhI zakAI nathI. evI ja rIte amuka lekhakonI kRtiomAMnAM uddharaNo keTalIka vAra te kRtionI upalabdha hastapratomAM jaDatAM nathI. zilAlekho ane tAmrapatro para lakhAyelAM dAno athavA sikkAo ke anya kotarAyelI sAmagrImAM sacavAyelI daMtakathAonI bAbatamAM ApaNe ghaNIvAra mULa dastAvejanI pramANita pratilipiothI kAma calAvavAnuM hoya che. AmAM jo bhUlo hoya to te kartA athavA kartA dvArA adhikA2prApta maMDaLa (commission)nA Adeza anusAra adhikRta rIte kAma karatA lahiyA (zilAlekhaka : inscriber) yA lahiyAonA kSatipUrNa kAryane AbhArI che. A sAmagrI TakAu hovAne kAraNe ahIM saMcAraNano koI savAla pedA thato nathI; ane A dastAvejonuM mUlya ApaNe mATe to zilAlekhakanA mArgadarzana mATe saMbhavataH pahelAM bhojapatra yA tADapatra para lakhavAmAM Avela lakhANa jeTaluM ja che. paraMtu hastapratonI bAbatamAM Ama nathI. koI eka hastapratanI aneka pratilipio banAvavA mATe chellA keTalAka saikAo daramyAna vikAsa pAmelI yAMtrika paddhationA abhAve prAcIna kALamAM zabde zabda, akSare akSara hAtha vaDe lakhIne ja pratilipi taiyAra karavI paDatI hatI. A sAthe ja eka dhIrI ane kaMTALAjanaka prakriyA hatI, paraMtu laukika yA dhArmika vicAradhArAone lIdhe pratilipIkaraNanuM kArya karavAmAM A anuvAdamAM 'lekhaka' zabda prAyaH 'graMthakartA'nA arthamAM prayojAyo che - anu.

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prastAvanA AvatuM ane te paNa jarUriyAtone saMtoSe eTalI hade. Ama amuka graMthanI jarUriyAta pramANe game teTalI pratilipio taiyAra karavAnuM kAma pratilipikAra samakSanI prata arthAt Adarzapratane AdhAre karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. AthI, A badhI pratilipione hastaprato' yA 'hastaprata pratilipio' kahe che. temanI sAmagrI bhojapatra, tADapatra yA kAgaLarUpe hatI. jUnI purANI ane jIrNa banI gayelI hastapratanI pratilipi banAvavAnA utsAhano AdhAra te pAThyagraMthanA mahattva para raheto. hastapratone graMthAlayomAM ekatrita karavAmAM AvavA mAMDI, te pUrve A anulekhana (pratilipIkaraNa) saMbhavataH te hastapratonI dekharekha mATe rahelA mANaso dvArA vyaktigata dhoraNe ane pAchaLathI kadAca graMthAlayonA mAlikonA Adeza anusAra karavAmAM AvatuM haze. graMthonA saMrakSaNanI dRSTie AvuM prasaMgopAtta anulekhana jarUrI hatuM. jene pariNAme kramazaH jIrNa thayelI pratanI jagAe navI tAjI hastaprata mUkI zakAya. rAjazekharanI "kAvyamImAMsA'mAM eka rasaprada pariccheda maLe che, jemAM kavine tenI racanAo sArI rIte nizcitapaNe sacavAI rahe te mATe temanI keTalIka pratilipio taiyAra karavAnuM athavA karAvavAnuM jaNAvAmAM AvyuM che. AvA khyAlothI prerAIne lekhakoe pote ja temanA jIvanakALa daramyAna temanI kRtinI eka karatAM vadhu pratilipio taiyAra karAvI hovAno saMbhava che. taduparAMta jo koI lekhakanI racanA suprasiddha bane to bhAratanA vibhinna pradezomAMthI vidyAnA AzrayadAtA rAjAo dvArA ke vidyAnA upAsako dvArA tenI pratilipio mATe mAMgaNIo thavAnI saMbhAvanA rahetI. A saMcAraNanI prakriyAmAM mULa pratamAMthI ja ekathI vadhu vAra anulekhana karavAmAM Ave athavA A prakriyA dvArA taiyAra thayelI bIjI koI prata ja Adarzaprata bane ane navI hastapratonA nirmANano AdhAra bane. jyAre graMthanI mULaprata vartamAna hoya eve samaye paNa A paddhati acokkasapaNe cAlu rahevAnI saMbhAvanA hatI, kAraNa ke ApaNe evA samayanI vAta karIe chIe jyAre musApharI pramANamAM dhIrI ane agavaDabharI hatI ane vyakti mULa srotano lAbha levA IcchatI hoya tyAre paNa tema karavAnuM sAdhanone abhAve zakya na banatuM. jyAre pADyagraMthono vicAra karIe chIe tyAre ApaNe be vibhinna zakyatAono khyAla karavo rahyo. prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ghaNuMkharuM vyaktigata lekhakonI racanA hovA karatAM vizeSataH viziSTa saMpradAyanI pedAza hatuM ane tenuM saMcAraNa maukhika rIte thatuM. AthI tene lipibaddha karavAnuM kAma vibhinna vidyAdhAmo yA saMskRtikendromAM vibhinna samaye karavAmAM AvyuM hovuM joIe. jyAM pAThyagraMthonA pavitra svarUpane kAraNe atyaMta cokkasAI jALavavI jarUrI hatI, jema ke vaidika sAhityamAM, te sthaLe likhita pATha 16. Kane Festsecrift, pR.445

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18 : bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA ane maukhika rIte saMcArita pATha vacce bahu moTo bheda hovAnI saMbhAvanA nathI, ane pAThaparaMparAmAM ekarUpatA jaLavAI rahe te saMbhavita che. paraMtu jyAM AvA koI khyAla pravartatA na hoya tyAM upara darzAvela prakAranA graMthonA likhita pATha ekarUpa nahi hoya. pratyeka kendranuM tenuM potAnuM sthAnika rUpAntara hoya te svAbhAvika che. A sthAnika rUpAntaranuM AgaLa saMcAraNa thatAM, te evA parivartanamAMthI pasAra thavAnuM ke je sAmAnyataH koI paNa pAThane asara kare, jema ke avirata pratilipIkaraNa, saMzodhana ItyAdi. game te paristhitimAM ApaNA mATe koI paNa eka pratane graMthanA mULa pAThanI pratilipi tarIke jAhera karavAnuM zakya nahi bane, pachI bhale te maukhika rIte saMcaratA graMthanuM sarvaprathama lipibaddha svarUpa (pratilipi) hoya; kAraNa ke graMthanI mULa racanA ane tenA lipibaddha svarUpa arthAt sarvaprathama pratilipi vaccenA gALAmAM pAThako, vidvAno ane saMpAdakonI keTalIya peDhIo vItelI hoya che. paraMtu jenI kRtinuM saMcAraNa paNa maukhika rIte ja thayuM hoya evA vyaktigata lekhakanI bAbatamAM tenI mULa racanA ane prathama lipibaddha pATha vacceno taphAvata bahu moTo nahi hoya ane te ja pramANe sthAnika rUpAntaronI zakyatA paNa ochI thaze. maukhika rIte saMcarita samudAyanirmita racanAomAM je visaMvAdI tattvo daSTigocara thAya che, tenI viruddha vyaktigata lekhakanI racanAmAM pramANamAM vadhu ekarUpatA dekhAtI hoya che. bIjI zakyatA e che ke lekhaka pote ja tenI racanAne likhita svarUpa arpe. A kAma te potAne hAthe lakhIne karI zake athavA potAnA vyaktigata nirIkSaNa heThaLa bIjA dvArA lakhAve ane potAne hAthe temAMnI bhUlo sudhArI le. A rIte lekhakanA svahaste lakhAyelI athavA lekhakanA Adeza anusAra lakhAyelI ane lekhakanA svahaste sudhArAyelI hastapratane "svahastalekha" (autograph) kahe che. have koI paNa eka pAkyagraMthanI vAta hoya tyAre svahastalekha e aMtima pramANe che. A rIte ApaNI pAse be prakAranA pAThyagraMtho hoya che. (1) jemano koI svahastalekha astitva ja dharAvato na hoya ane (2) jemano svahastalekha astitva dharAvato hoya, pachI bhale te upalabdha hoya yA anupalabdha. A be prakAranA pAThyagraMthomAMthI udbhavatI samasyAo svAbhAvika rIte ja bhinna prakAranI raheze. prathama prakAramAM te maukhika rIte saMcArita graMthanA mULa svarUpa tathA sarvaprathama likhita Adarzaprata (exemplar) vaccenA samayanA gALA para, ane bIjA prakAramAM svahastalekha ane prAcInatama upalabdha Adarzaprata vaccenA samayanA gALA para AdhArita haze.

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prakaraNa -2 pAkonA prakAra bhAratamAM durbhAgye ApaNane pAThaparaMparAno koI likhita itihAsa sAMpaDato nathI. udAharaNa tarIke, kAlidAsa ke bhavabhUtinI svalikhita hastapratonuM zuM thayuM athavA temanA pachInA itihAsanA vibhinna yugomAM temanI kaI pratilipio thaI hatI te viSe ApaNe ajJAta chIe. temano potAno samaya paNa vivAdano viSaya banelo che. madhyayugIna hastapratonI eka ja sUci prasiddha thaI che, ane te che banArasanA paMDita kavIndrAcArya(I.sa. 1656)nI sUci. anya prasiddha saMgraho viSe ApaNane vividha hastapratomAMnI puSpikAo(colophon)mAM kevaLa chUTIchavAyI mAhitI maLe che. AvA koI itihAsanA abhAvamAM ApaNe to kevaLa svahastalekho yA temanI taratanI athavA pAchaLanI pratilipiomAMthI Aje bhAratamAM yA bhArata bahAranAM judAM judAM graMthAlayomAM ApaNane prApta thatI vibhinna hastapratono udbhava kevI rIte arthAtu kevA saMjogomAM thayo teno citAra prastuta karI zakIe. - svahastalekha(lekhakanI svalikhita prata)nI vyAkhyA ApaNe agAu ApI dIdhI che. have pAThyapustaka kAM to svahastalekha hoya athavA svahastalekha parathI lakhAyelI tenI taratanI prathama pratilipi hoya athavA pratilipiomAMthI kramazaH taiyAra thayelI pAchaLanI pratilipi hoya. svahastalekho pAThasamIkSAnA kAryakSetramAMthI mukta nathI. Adhunika yugamAM paNa ApaNo e sAmAnya anubhava che ke patra-patrikAonA saMpAdako lekhakonA kalamadoSa zrI goDe jaNAve che ke A sUci taddana pramANabhUta nathI kAraNa ke emAM darzAvAyelI ghaNI hastaprato kavIndra pachI ghaNe lAMbe samaye lakhAyelI che. barmAmAM perAmAM eka rasaprada zilAlekha prApta thayo che, jemAM Azare 295 graMthonI yAdI che. teno samaya I.sa.144ranI AsapAsa che. A graMtho TongavIna ane temanI patnIe bauddha saMghane dAna ApyA hatA. (Cat. of Palm-leaf Mss Colombo. pR.25)

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20 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA sudhArI letA hoya che. pustakonA saMpAdako paNa temanA lekhakonI A prakAranI bhUlone sAmAnyataH pAdaTIpomAM sudhAratA hoya che. paraMtu pAThasamIkSAnI A zAkhA sAthe Adhunika bhAratIya paMDitone koI sIdho saMbaMdha nathI, jo ke svahastalekha parathI karavAmAM AvelI pratilipio mATe AvuM nathI. pAThasamIkSakanuM e paNa kartavya gaNI zakAya ke zilAlekho arthAt paththara para lakhAyelAM lakhANone mAnavIya durvyavahAra, havAmAnanAM parivartana athavA zilAlekhakanI bhUlo dvArA thatI kSati teNe dUra karI ApavI joIe. A prakAranAM udAharaNo bhAratamAM pragaTa thayelAM vibhinna purAlekhazAstrIya (Epigraphical) prakAzanonA pratyeka pRSTha para jovA maLe che. bhAratIya pAThasamIkSAnuM pramukha kSetra khAsa karIne pratilipionI pratilipio che. ApaNe prastAvanA(prakaraNa-1)mAM joyuM te pramANe, je pAThyagraMtho Aje ApaNane prApta thAya che, temanI pratilipio ghaNuM karIne zilA ke anya cirasthAyI upakaraNa para nahIM, paraMtu bhUrjapatra, tADapatra, kAgaLa Adi para karavAmAM AvelI che. samaya jatAM vaparAzane kAraNe thatI hAni sAme takedArIrUpe ane jenI mULa mAlikInI te hastaprata hoya te sivAyanA anya jijJAsu lokonI te vize jANavAnI IcchAne saMtoSavA mATe A hastapratonI pratilipio jude jude samaye ghaNIvAra taiyAra karAvavI paDatI hatI. A mUlAdarzanI pratilipi banAvavAnuM kAma, pUrve kahyuM te pramANe, yAMtrika upakaraNo (jema ke Adhunika phoTogrAphI dvArA thatI AbehUba nakala) dvArA nahIM, paraMtu mAnavahasta dvArA thatuM, je ochevatte aMze mAnavabuddhi dvArA saMcAlita hatuM. jo Ama na hota to bhAratIya pAThasamIkSAno bhAratIya pAThyagraMtho sAthe bhAgye ja kaMI saMbaMdha hota. have A prakAre banatI pratilipi, jemAMthI tenI nakala karavAmAM AvI che eTale ke tenI Adarzaprata(exemplar)ne kyAreya coksAIpUrvaka te ja svarUpe prastuta karI zake nahIM. (anulekhananI) truTio anivAryapaNe pravezI jatI hoya che. AthI koI paNa pratilipi kadI tenI AdarzapratanI tole AvIM zake nahIM. eTaluM ja nahi, tenAthI ghaNI UtaratI hovAnI saMbhAvanA hoya che. A pramANe pedA thato DrAsa athavA apakarSa kramazaH pratilipio thatAM vRddhi pAmato jAya che. athavA bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to *mika anulekhanamAM bhUlonI mAtrA satata vadhatI jAya che, ane dhIre dhIre svahastalekha ane te parathI lakhAyelI taratanI pratano lopa thatAM pratilipinI pratilipio ane temanI paNa kramazaH thatI pratilipione ja AgaLanA anulekha mATenA srota banavuM paDe che. saMcArita pAThomAM ghaNuM karIne bhUlonI mAtrA sAmAnya paristhitimAM aviratapaNe vadhatI ja rahe che. AthI hastapratano samaya dhyAnamAM levA jevI mahattvanI bAbata che, jo ke truTio na hoya te mATe A ekamAtra mApadaMDa nathI.

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pAThonA prakAra 21 A hrAsa yA avanatine samajAvavA eka sAMkhyika udAharaNa joIe :- saMpUrNa zuddhi darzAvavA 100no AMkaDo laIe. have maiM graMthanI be pratilipio banAvavAmAM Ave che tema dhArIe. a mAMthI va pratilipi banAvavAmAM AvI che ane va mAMthI ja pratilipi taiyAra karavAmAM AvI che. have ApaNe dhArI laIe ke a hastapratamAMthI prathama lahiyAnI truTine kAraNe va hastapratamAM 3% azuddhi pravezI che. vaLI bIjA lahiyAnI truTine kAraNe hra hastapratamAM paNa 3% azuddhi praveze che. AthI a nI sarakhAmaNImAM va ane hra hastapratonuM sApekSa mUlya anukrame 97.0 ne 94.09 gaNAya. have jo ja mAMthI 6 pratilipi taiyAra karavAmAM Ave ane temAM paNa agAunI pratilipionA pramANe ja azuddhi pravezatI rahe to 3 hastapratanuM sApekSa mUlya 91.17 thaze. jo ApaNe dhyAnamAM rAkhIe ke ghaNAkharA saMskRta ane prAkRta praziSTa graMthonA pATha 'saMcArita pATha' che, eTale ke evA pATha che je anulekhananA keTalA tabakkAmAMthI pasAra thayA haze tethI ApaNe ajJAta hoIe chIe, to ApaNe AnuM mahattva spaSTapaNe samajI zakIe. hAtha vaDe thatA anulekhananI prakriyAne Adhunika prinTiMga presomAMnA kaoNmpojhiTaranI kalA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. (pachI bhale temAM kompojhiTara akSarone hAthathI goThavato hoya ke mazInathI.)kaoNmpojhiTara sarvaprathama to potAnI samakSa potAnI prata rAkhe che, jene AdhAre temAMnA akSare akSara mATe potAnA 'TAIpa' pasaMda kare che. alabatta, yAMtrika lAbho upalabdha hoya tyAre kaoNmpojha karavAnA kAryamAM thatI truTio ghaNe aMze ochI thaI zake. paraMtu jyAM-AvAM sAdhano sulabha na hoya tyAM kaoNmpojhiTarane tenI saghaLI maryAdAo sahita lahiyA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. kaeNmpojhiTara pAThyapustakane akSare akSara lakhavAne badale te potAnA TAIpa pasaMda kare che. tenI AMkha aviratapaNe ghaDIka kaoNmpojha 52 ane ghaDIka tenI potAnI prata para pharatI rahe che. ane jo pustakanuM lakhANa tene mATe bahu rasaprada na hoya to tenuM mana bIje kyAMya bhaTakatuM rahe che. pAThyapustaka kaoNmpojha thAya ke tarata ja prUpharIDarono varga dhyAnapUrvaka 'gelIprupha' tapAsavA lAge che. A loko te pruphane mULaprata sAthe sarakhAve che ane Asmika rIte thayelI bhUlone noMdhe che. A rIte joIe to chApakAma eka sahakArI pravRtti che. hAtha dvArA thatA anulekhanaMnA kAryamAM Ama banatuM nathI. jema mudraNakAryamAM Aje prUpharIDaranI sahAya levAya che. tema prAcIna lahiyAo paNa keTalIkavAra saMzodhako(revisers)no lAbha letA hatA, jeo pratilipimAM ja parivartana yA sudhArA noMdhatA. jo Adhunika samayamAM kRtino lekhaka jIvato hoya to te pote ja chApavAnI maMjUrI ApatAM pahelAM mudraNadoSo sudhArI leze. jo lekhaka jIvato na hoya to lekhakano koI pratinidhi A aMtima pruphavAMcananuM kArya karaze. hastalikhita graMthomAM lekhaka yA tenA pratinidhi jIvatA hoya

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA to paNa sAmAnya rIte A lAbha na maLe te saMbhavita hatuM. Ama sArA chApakAmamAM amuka eka AvRttine lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI pATha pramANita ane parinizcita hoya che. paraMtu hAtha dvArA thatA anulekhana kAryamAM Ama banatuM nathI. ahIM to vyaktidITha bhUlonA pramANamAM vadhaghaTa thAya che. pratonI saMkhyAmAM abhivRddhi karavA mATe thatuM pAchaLanuM pratyeka anulekhana pAThamAM bhUlonA navA srota pedA kare che. paraMtu A baMne vacce tAtvika bheda e che ke kompojhiTaranI pAse tenA namUnA tarIke svahastalekha (autograph) mojUda hoya che. jyAre lahiyA pAse namUnA tarIke svahastalekha hoya yA te parathI lakhAyelI taratanI pratilipi hoya yA pratilipinI pratilipi (keTalAmI pratilipi te nizcita nahi) hoya. jeTalI hade lahiyo svahastalekhathI dUra haze teTalI hade tenI azuddhinI mAtrA vadhaze. kompojhiTaranI bAbatamAM lahiyAnI sarakhAmaNImAM bhUlonuM pramANa ochuM haze; to paNa, kALajI rAkhavA chatAMya, thoDI bhUlo to rahevA pAmaze ja. . A baMne kissAomAM mULamAMthI A pramANe je vicalana thAya che tenAM be prasiddha kAraNo che : (1) netradoSa ane (2) mAnasazAstrIya doSa. A baMne prakAranI bhUlonI mAtrA pratyeka kompojhiTara yA pratilipikAra pramANe vyaktidITha alaga alaga raheze. lahiyo yA pratilipikAra baMne prakAranI bhUlo kare te saMbhavita che. ane Ama te mULamAMthI thoDeghaNe aMze paNa vicalita thAya e svAbhAvika che. netradoSa evI bhUlone kahe che je lahiyAnI AMkha tenI nabaLAIne kAraNe yA ajANatAM (bedhyAnapaNe) karatI hoya che. AvI bhUlomAM eka zabdane sthAne bIjo zabda mUkavo, zabda yA zabdasamUha rahI javo, umeravo ityAdino samAveza thato hoya che. ane pote jAte karelI bhUlo athavA jemAMthI pratilipi karavAmAM AvI rahI hoya te AdarzapratanI bhUlomAMthI kaMIka artha zodhI kADhavAnI manovRttimAMthI mAnasazAstrIya truTiono udabhava thAya che. praziSTa graMthomAM jovA maLatI mukhya azuddhio ghaNuM karIne A prakAranI bhUlone kAraNe hoya che. sArAmAM sAro lahiyo paNa lAMbA samaya sudhI yAMtrika Dhabe potAnI buddhine kaMIka ramata ramavA dIdhA sivAya anulekhananuM kAma karI zakto nathI. AmAM je lakhANa tene samajAtuM hoya temAM to te bhAgye ja akSare akSaranuM anulekhana karato hoya che. ghaNAkharA prasaMgoe jovA maLe che ke lahiyAo zabdonuM anulekhana karatA hoya che, akSaronuM nahi. A bhUlonA be mukhya prakAromAMthI udbhavatI pAThyagraMthanI vikRtionI mImAMsA anya prakaraNamAM karavAmAM Avaze. paraMtu lahiyAnI keTalIka lAkSaNikatAo ApaNe ahIM tapAsIe. anulekhanamAM thatI lahiyAnI truTiyono utpattikALa lekhakanI prata arthAt svahastalekha hoI zake. "homara (javo mahAkavi) paNa koI koI vAra bhUlo

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pAThonA prakAra sed elu 9.' (Quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus : Even Homer nods sometimes.) A sUkti svahastalekhamAM thatI bhUlonuM svarUpa darzAve che. zreSTha lekhako paNa haMmezAM potAne chAje te rIte lakhatA hotA nathI. sarvotkRSTa racanAomAM paNa avAranavAra zailInuM sauSThava, vizadatA, susaMvAditA AdimAM alano ane keTalIka vAra bedarakArIthI zuddha vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI doSo paNa hovA saMbhava rahe che. jo lekhaka ke je sAmAnya rIte te viSayamAM pAraMgata hoya che, tenI bAbatamAM paNa Ama banatuM hoya to lahiyAnI bAbatamAM te vadhu saMbhave che. ajANatAM ane jANI joIne paNa tenI AdarzapratamAM kyAranIya pravezI cUkelI bhUlomAM te vadhAro karato rahe che. AmAMnI ghaNIkharI bhUlo lahiyA yA pratilipikAranI truTine kAraNe hoya che. A truTiomAM pratilipikAranI IcchA abhivyakta thAya che ke nahi tene AdhAre tenuM vargIkaraNa anaicchika (yA yAMtrika), "ardha aicchika ane "aicchika e pramANe karI zakAya. anya vargIkaraNa pramANe truTionA "Akasmika' ane "vaicchika evo bhedo paNa pADavAmAM Ave che. pratilipikAre upayogamAM lIdhela Adarzaprata bheja ane satata vaparAzane kAraNe avAcya banavAnI saMbhAvanA rahe che. tenA keTalAka bhAgo phATI jAya ane AkhA pAnAM chUTAM paDI jaI kAM to khovAI jAya yA to khoTI jagyAe mukAI jAya e zakya che. hastapratanA sauthI nabaLA aMza tenA hAMsiyA hoya che. ane tethI paMktionA prAraMbha ane aMtanA bhAga temaja pRSThanI prathama ane aMtima paMktine savizeSa hAni pahoMcavAno saMbhava rahe che. AthI pratilipimAM pravezelI keTalIka azuddhio AdarzapratanI AvI bahiraMga kSatione kAraNe hoI zake. A rIte durgeIla da rInsa dvArA zodhAyela prasiddha prAkRta dhammapadanA aMzone paNa A bAbata lAgu paDe che. A hastapratanAM pAnAM bAhya kSatine kAraNe khaMDita thayelAM hatAM ane A pAnAMne ekatrita karI prakAzita karatAM sonArTa dvArA saMpAdita AvRttimAM keTalIka truTio pravezI che. - jo graMtha daLadAra hoya to tenuM Alekhana eka yA ekathI vadhu pratilipikAro dvArA thayuM hoya tevI saMbhAvanA rahe che. jo anulekhana eka karatAM vadhu lahiyAo dvArA thayuM hoya to ApaNe kevaLa eka lahiyAnA nahi paraMtu aneka lahiyAonA manovijJAna sAthe kAma karavAnuM rahe che. A hakIkata pATha-paraMparAnA abhyAsane vadhu gUMcavaNabharyo banAve che. kAraNa ke samayanA ATalA gALA pachI ApaNe kahI zakIe nahIM ke eka ja Adarzapratane AdhAre eka ja sthaLe anulekhana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke pachI judI judI Adarzapratone AdhAre bhinna bhinna sthaLe ane bhinna bhinna samaye taiyAra karavAmAM AvelA aMzo - ekamone ekatrita karIne hastaprata taiyAra karavAmAM

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za bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA AvI hatI. kAraNa ke daLadAra graMthonA aMzonuM anulekhana pratyeka hastapratamAM alaga alaga rIte karavAmAM AveluM haze ema mAnavuM vadhu tarkasaMgata che. lekhana-sAmagrInuM svarUpa ane purAlipizAstrIya pramANone AdhAre AvA graMthanA saMyojita vibhinna aMzo kyA kyA samaye lakhAyA haze tenuM anumAna ApaNe saMbhavataH karI zakIe. AthI hastapratanA nirmANamAM kAme lAgelA judA judA hAthone oLakhI kADhavA jarUrI che. je rIte hastalikhita graMtho ApaNI pAse UtarI AvyA che, te pramANe koIpaNa hastaprata sAmAnya rIte svaccha prata hotI nathI ke eka hAthe saLaMga lakhAyelI hotI, nathI. temAM ghaNIvAra parivartano, jema ke chekAchekI, umerA, ekane sthAne bIjuM mUkavuM ItyAdi hoya che. A parivartana hastapratanA lahiyA yA lahiyAo dvArA athavA saMzodhaka tarIke oLakhAtI bIjI vyaktio dvArA karavAmAM AvatAM hoya che. A sudhArAonuM tulanAtmaka mahattva bhinna bhinna hoya e saMbhavita che. pratyeka lahiyAne tenuM potAnuM prakRti-vaiziSTya hoya che ane pratyeka hastapratanI tenI potAnI viziSTatAo hoya che. lahiyAnuM prakRti-vaiziSTya, tenA hastAkSaranI laDhaNa, amuka prakAranI bhUlo karavAnI pravRtti temaja anya prakAranI bhUlomAMthI nivRtti ane jyAre be ke vadhu pAThAntaromAMthI pasaMdagI karavAnI hoya tyAre tenI pratilipimAM vyakta thatuM amuka vicArataraphI valaNa yA abhiruci, ityAdimAM pragaTa thAya che. A viziSTatAo hastapratanA avirata ane UMDA adhyayana dvArA ja jANI zakAya. * lahiyAmAM je viziSTa guNonI khAsa AvazyakatA che te che prAmANikatA ane kALajI athavA eka zabdamAM kahIe to niSThA (tathA buddhi). paraMtu A guNo tenAmAM ucca kakSAe vikasyA hoya tevuM bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. kAraNa ke anulekhananI kAryapaddhati game teTalI yAMtrika hoya chatAM paNa mAnavabuddhi asaMprajJAtapaNe dRSTigata yA mAnasazAstrIya doSo dvArA anulekhanamAM bhUlo karavAnA navA navA prakAro zodhI kADhe che. bhale e vicitra jaNAya to paNa noMdhavuM ghaTe ke mUrkha paraMtu mULane vaphAdAra (niSThAvAna) lahiyAe kareluM yAMtrika anulekhana vadhu yogyatA dharAvanAra lahiyAe karelA buddhizALI paraMtu mULane vaphAdAra na hoya evA anulekhana karatAM pAThano vadhu sAro khyAla Ape che. lahiyAnI A niSThAno nirNaya AMtarika kasoTIo vaDe karavAno hoya che. je lahiyo potAnI pratilipinA pAThamAM tenI AdarzapratamAMnA lumAMza ane anya doSone sudhAravAno prayatna karyA vinA jemane tema sAcavI rAkhe te saMbhavataH vizvasanIya che. jo te nAnI bAbatomAM mULane vaphAdAra hoya to te sAmAnya rIte paNa vaphAdAra ja haze ema mAnI zakAya. jema ke, jo te AdarzapratanI khAsa joDaNI '

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pAThonA prakAra * ra5 saMbaMdhI viziSTatAo paNa cIvaTapUrvaka sAcave athavA je AdarzapratanI te pratilipi karato hoya temAM rahelo lukhAMza yA avAcya aMza temane tema ja rahevA de to ApaNe tenAmAM vizvAsa mUkavA prerAIe chIe. vartamAna pAThyagraMthonI prApti ApaNane be prakAranAM saMcAraNa dvArA thaI cheH eka prakAra anujJapta licensed) yA saMrakSita saMcAraNa che. A prakAramAM graMthanuM anulekhana lekhaka yA lekhakanA pratinidhi athavA mUlAdarzanA vidvAna mAlikanI rAhabarI nIce karavAmAM Ave che, athavA anulekhana AzrayadAtA rAjAnA AdezathI karavAmAM Ave, je pote anulekhana-kAryanA nirIkSaNa mATe adhikRta vidvAnone nIme che. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to A prakAranA saMcAraNamAM pAThanI akhaMDatA ane saccAI jaLavAI rahe te mATe pratilipikAra para niyaMtraNa mUkavAmAM Ave che. kAraNa ke jo Avu niyaMtraNa na rAkhavAmAM Ave to graMthanI akhaMDatA ane saccAI lekhakanA potAnA ja jIvanakALa daramyAna avazya jokhamAI jAya. lekhaka jIvita na hoya to AvI azuddhinI tako ghaNI vadhI jAya che. bIjo prakAra kadAca ghaNo vadhu pracalita che. te che aniyamita yA aniyaMtrita saMcAraNa. A prakAranA saMcAraNamAM hastapratonuM anulekhana ghaNI vAra mUrkha ane alpazikSita mAnavIo dvArA karavAmAM Ave che, jeo potAne je lakhavAnuM che tenAthI sadaMtara ajJAta nathI hotA. je jamAnAmAM graMthanI mULa Adarzaprato vaibhavano viSaya mAnavAmAM AvatI ane evI cIvaTa ane utsAhapUrvaka sAcavavAmAM AvatI hatI ke jethI koI vidvAna puruSa mATe paNa tenI prApti muzkela bane, te jamAnAmAM AvI vaiyaktikarUpe pratilipi taiyAra karavAmAM zI muzkelI paDatI haze tenI kalpanA Aje paNa Adhunika vidvAnone vyaktigata mAlikInAM pustakAlayomAM saMgrahAyelI hastapratonI pratilipio meLavavAmAM paDatI muzkelI parathI karI zakAya. ahIM "dhavalA', jayadhavalA" ane "mahAdhavalA' viSenuM Adhunika daSTAMta ApI zakAya. A kRtionI eka mAtra pramANabhUta hastaprata dakSiNa kannaDanA mudibidrInA jaina dharmasthAnamAM sacavAyelI che. ghaNA samaya pachI agAdha dherya, rAjadvArI kuneha ane vipula kharca pachI AmanI pratilipio prApta karI zakAI hatI. have AvI mUlaprato saMbaMdhe ApaNe agAu jaNAvyuM che ke A vartamAna hastapratomAM ghaNI vAra nirIkSako(revisers)e saMzodhana karyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. A mUlAdarzanI pratilipi kevI rIte taiyAra karavAmAM AvatI hatI ane pratilipikAranuM kAma nirIkSaka dvArA kaI rIte sudhAravAmAM aAvatuM hatuM te viSe ApaNe haju aMdhArAmAM chIe. saMbhavataH pratilipikAra koInI madada vinA ja potAnI Adarzaprata laI tenuM anulekhana karato haze athavA to bIjA koI lahiyA yA vAcakanI madada leto haze, je pAThanuM moTethI vAMcana karato haze ane te anusAra lahiyo anulekhana karato haze.

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA te ja rIte saMzodhaka paNa koInI madada vinA jAte mULaprata sAthe pratilipine sarakhAvI jato haze athavA bIjAnI madada leto haze, je tenI samakSa mULaprata vAMcI joto haze ane te pramANe te sudhArato haze. agAu kahyuM te pramANe AvA sudhArA sAmAnya rIte hAMsiyAmAM athavA be lITIonI vacce noMdhavAmAM AvatA. je paricchedo bhUlathI pratilipimAM lakhavAnA rahI gayA hoya te paNa AvI ja rIte darzAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. 20 "have hastaprata eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe kaI rIte pravAsa karatI te viSe jarA vicAra karIe. jo hastaprata koI dhanika AzrayadAtAnI mAlikInI hoya to te pratane te potAnA pravAsa daramyAna paNa potAnI sAthe laI jato hoya ema mAnI zakAya. vaLI keTalAka vidvAna sAthIdAro paNa sAthe hoya ja. tyAre eka zakyatA rahetI hatI ke je vidyAdhAmonI te mulAkAta leto te vidyAdhAmomAM paNa te graMthanI anya hastaprato rahetI ane potAnI hastaprata sAthe temanI sarakhAmaNInA pariNAme saMzodhakane pAThAntaro, vadhArAnA paricchedo ityAdi prApta thatuM, jenI noMdha hAMsiyAmAM ke be paMktionI vacce karavAmAM AvatI. suthanakara sUcave che te rIte yAtrAdhAmoe hastapratonAM saMskaraNa, saMzodhana ane saMmizraNamAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo hovAno saMbhava che. te lakhe che ke "evI kalpanA karI zakAya ke ujjayinI, rAmezvaram, kAzI jevAM suprasiddha yAtrAdhAmonAM vikhyAta maMdiromAM samaya samaya para rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratanA gAnanA kAryakrama rAkhavAmAM AvatA. Ama yAtrAdhAmoe dhArmika yAtrALuomAM - A yAtrALuonA vargamAM tyAM AvatA bhATacAraNo ane rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratanA dhaMdhAdArI gAyakono paNa avazya samAveza thato te graMthonAM sthAnika rUpAntaro(version)nuM jJAna prasAravAmAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che." bhale kAMIka oche aMze paNa A ja vastu anya prakAranA hastalikhita graMthone, khAsa karIne vadhu lokapriya nATako ane kAvyone, paNa lAgu paDI zake. AvuM ja kAMIka banyuM hovuM joIe, enuM anumAna Aje ApaNane prApta thatA vibhinna prakAranA pATho avalokatAM thaI zake. - jo AvI saMzodhita prato ja bhaviSyanI pratilipionA srota bane to navA pratilipikArone ghaNIvAra pAkanI pasaMdagInI taka rahe che. ane te potAnI IcchA - anicchA pramANe koI eka pAThane pasaMda kare ane anyano asvIkAra kare. vadhArAnA paricchedonI bAbatamAM paNa A vastu banI zake. Ane pariNAme pAThamAM tvarita gatie azuddhi praveza pAmatI. A kahevAtA saMzodhako dvArA pratilipiomAM thatAM saMskaraNa uparAMta keTalAka kissAomAM mULa lekhake svayaM potAnA hastalekhamAM keTalIka vAra sudhArA yA saMskaraNa

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pAThonA prakAra karyA hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. Adhunika yugamAM chapAyelAM pustakomAM paNa Ama banatuM ApaNe ghaNIvAra joIe chIe. paraMtu AjanA jevAM yAMtrika upakaraNone abhAve, te kALe lekhaka pote ja tenI potAnI hastapratane tenA saMzodhita svarUpe navesarathI lakhI nAkhato athavA to vadhu saMbhavita e che ke bIjI hastaprata banAvatAM pahelA prathama svahastalekhamAM ja jarUrI sudhArAvadhArA karI leto. A banne prasaMgoe lahiyA pAse tenI samakSa svayaM lekhaka dvArA saMzodhita svahastalekha che ane tene be pAThamAMthI koI paNa eka pAThanI pasaMdagInI taka rahe che. banne pAThono mULa srota lekhaka pote ja hoya che. ane lahiyo potAnI vyaktigata pasaMdagIne AdhAre koI eka pAThane svIkAraze ane anyano asvIkAra karaze athavA to asvIkRta pAThane hAMsiyAmAM ke be paMktionI vacce umeraze. A mUlAdarzanI pAchaLanI pratilipiomAM hAMsiyAmAM ke be lITIo vacce lakhAyelA pAThone sadaMtara kADhI nAkhavAmAM Ave e saMbhavita che. mAlatImAMdhavanI badhI ja prApta hastapratonI cakAsaNI ryA pachI bhAMDArakara evA nirNaya upara AvyA hatA ke bhavabhUtie pote ja tenA svahastalekhamAM keTalAMka parivartana karyAM hatAM. ToDaramale mahAvIracaritanA tenA saMpAdanamAM paNa A ja muddo spaSTa karyo che. bhAMDArakaranI dhAraNA mATe nIcenAM be udAharaNo TAMkI zakAya : 1 mAlatImAdhava 1,3 mAM temaNe sarakhAvelI nava hastapratomAMthI cha hastapratomAM A pATha Apyo che :- tyALAnAM tvamasi mamAM mAnanuM vizvamUrte / A ja paMkti bAkInA traNa hastaprato (ma, ane o) mAM A pramANe maLe che : tyALAnAM svamida mahasAmIziSatva vidhatte). A pATha pAchaLanI paMktimAMnI prArthanAne lakSamAM letAM vadhu sArI rIte baMdha bese che. ane TM hastapratamAM prathama paMktino pATha chellA be zabdo sivAya (jemAM te nAnA varga sAthe aikya dharAve che) Avo ja che. vaLI trIjA aMkanA sAtamA zlokanA prathama caraNamAM kevaLa jagadguranI TIkAne AdhAre racAyela pAThamAM ane hastaprata na mAM A prakArano pATha che : svAti vacanaM te payatvajJamam / A pATha bhAMDArakaranI dRSTie bAkInI ATha hastapratonA pATha karatAM vadhu sAro che, jeomAM svaMyaMti nI jagyAe saMyati evo pATha che. dakSiNanI '7' hastapratano vadhu utkRSTa pATha te taraphanA vidvAna vAcakonI paTutAne AdhAre hoI zake, kAraNa ke keTalAka samaya sudhI dakSiNa saMskRti ane vidyAnuM dhAma rahyuM hatuM. paraMtu AvA samAna rIte baMdhabesatA saMkhyAbaMdha paricchedo A saMzodhana kavie pote karyuM hoya te saMbhAvanAne vadhu puSTi Ape che. 1 hastapratonA saMzodhakoe keTalIka vAra saMpAdakonuM paNa kAma karyuM che. e rIte temaNe hastapratamAMnA luptAMzanI pUrti karavA athavA pAThamAM pravezelI truTione dUra

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28 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA karavA pote upayogamAM lIdhelI Adarzaprata uparAMta teo prApta karI zake tevI vidyamAna hastaprato sAthe tulanA karI temanA pAThane sudhAravA prayAsa karyo che. A arthamAM teoe hastapratanA saMpAdaka tarIke kAma karyuM che ema kahI zakAya. samaya dvArA thatI barabAdI, lahiyAonI bedarakArI ane ajJAna, tema ja keTalI tvarAthI kRti dUSita thaI zake tenA udAharaNa tarIke pAraMparika ahevAla anusAra jJAnezvarInA pAThano itihAsa avalokI zakAya. jJAnezvara dvArA zaka saMvata 1212 (I.sa. 1290) mAM racAyelA A graMthano pATha kavi ekanAthanA samaya sudhImAM to eTalo badho dUSita thaI gayo hato ke svahastalekhathI 300 varSathI paNa ochA gALAmAM upalabdha hastapratone AdhAre zaka saMvata 1506 (I.sa.1584)mAM temaNe tenuM saMzodhana karavuM paDyuM hatuM. durbhAgyavaza ekanAthe jJAnezvarInA pAThanuM saMzodhana kyA siddhAMtone AdhAre karyuM hatuM te jANavA mATe ApaNI pAse atyAre koI sAdhana nathI. te tyAre ja thaI zake ke jyAre ekanAthathI pUrvenA samayanI jJAnezvarInI hastaprato maLI Ave. paraMtu anya prAcIna saMpAdakonI jema temane paNa e khyAla to haze ja ke vividha hastapratonI sarakhAmaNI dvArA pAThane sudhAravo zakya bane che. ghaNIkharI hastapratomAM hAMsiyAmAM tema ja be lITIo vacce sudhArA karavAmAM AvyA hoya che, tenuM paNa A ja kAraNa che. jo ke saMpAdakoe zAstrIya Dhabe kAma karyuM nathI, paraMtu te doSa temano nahIM, paNa je yugamAM teo rahetA hatA te yugano che. Ane pariNAme amuka pAThyapustakanI potAnI pAsenI Adarzaprata sAthe tenI anya upalabdha hastapratonA pAThanA saMmizraNa yA saMkarIkaraNa dvArA, jene ApaNe saMmizrita hastaprato (Conflated Mss) arthAta mizramato (misch corices) kahIe chIe temanI utpatti thaI. A saMmizraNa yA saMkarIkaraNa koI suvyavasthita siddhAMtone AdhAre karavAmAM AvatuM na hatuM. ane AthI te hAnikAraka rIte sAragrAhI (saMkalanAtmaka : eclectic) hatuM. - prAcIna graMtho ApaNI pAse pUrvapratomAMthI kramika pratilipIkaraNanI prakriyA dvArA ja UtarI AvyA che. ane aMte badhAnuM mULa eka ja hoya che. AthI koI paNa graMthanI badhI ja hastaprato, jo te pramANabhUta hoya to, paraspara saMbaMdha dharAvatI hoya che, ane A saMbaMdhane vaMzAnukrame (vaMzavRkSarUpe) darzAvI zakAya.' ' bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to A hastaprato amuka nizcita praNAlikA anusAra vistaratI paraMparAnI ghotaka che, paraMtu ghaNAkharA kissAomAM paraMparAno pratyeka pravAha 2. je siddhAnto, kasoTIo athavA lakSaNone AdhAre A vaMzAnukrama prasthApita karI zakAya temanuM nirUpaNa adhikRta vAcanAnA prakaraNamAM karavAmAM Avaze,

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pAThonA prakAra 29 svataMtra rIte vaheto nathI. pahelAM jaNAvyuM te pramANe saMzodhako ane saMpAdakonI avirata pravRtti dvArA A pravAho zarUAtathI ja saMmizrita thayelA hoya che. A rIte bhAratIya hastaprata-paraMparA darzAve che ke jyAre kALa dvArA thatA vinAza ane anya paribaLoe ghaNAkharA svahastalekho athavA temanI taratanI pratilipio athavA temanI prAraMbhika pratilipione paNa naSTa karyAM hatAM tyAre temanI je pAchaLanI pratilipio Aje ApaNane upalabdha thAya che, teo mULa pAThane khaMDita, vikRta ane apabhraSTa svarUpe prastuta kare che. keTalIkavAra pAThane thayelI kSati evA prakAranI hoya che ke te pATha prAyaH agamya bane che. bhAratamAM ghaNA graMtho kAlanirmita vinAza, kalA pratyenI vimukhatA yA ahetuka vinAzathI, graMtha pote mahattvano na hoya tene lIdhe tathA kIDA ane udheInA AkramaNane kAraNe saMpUrNapaNe naSTa thaI gayA che. upalabdha graMthomAM temanA chUTAchavAyA ullekha sivAya temanI koI nizAnI bAkI rahI nathI. paraMtu mahAyAna bauddhonI avirata sAhityika pravRttione kAraNe keTalAka brAhmaNa dharmanA tema ja bauddha dharmanA, ghaNuMkharuM bauddha dharmanA, mahattvanA graMtho tibeTa ane cInanA sarakArI daphatarakhAnAmAM tibeTI yA cInI bhASAmAM pratilipi rUpe yA anuvAda rUpe sacavAyelA che. keTalAka kissAomAM lupta graMthonAM rUpAMtaro prApta thAya che. Anu sauthI praziSTa udAharaNa paraMparA anusAra mULa paizAcI bhASAmAM racAyela guNADhyanI bRhatkathA che, je sadAne mATe lupta thaI gayelI che. paraMtu kSemendra ane somadeve karelAM be svataMtra saMskRta rUpAntaro dvArA te sacavAI che. AvA keTalAka lupta graMtho viSenI mAhitI ApaNane nIcenA sroto dvArA prApta thAya che :- (1) bhASAntaro (2) upalabdha hastapratomAM nAmollekha (3) uddharaNo ane (4) TIkAo. jo ke bhAratano sAhityika ane pAThasamIkSAno itihAsa haju paNa amaryAdita kSetravALA navIna saMzodhanano viSaya che, tema chatAM vartamAna hastapratonA adhyayanamAMthI keTalAka muddAo UbhA thAya che. ApaNe A agAu joyuM ke A hastaprato avicchinna paraMparAnA eka yA vadhu pravAhomAM vibhakta hoya che. teo dezanA vibhinna pradezomAM pracalita vibhinna lipiomAM lakhAyelI hoya che. have madhyakAlIna yugamAM dhaMdhAdArI lahiyA eka ke vadhumAM vadhu be karatAM vadhu lipiothI paricita hoya te saMbhavita na hatuM. svAbhAvika rIte ja temanI pratilipIkaraNanI pravRtti eka yA be lipi pUratI ja maryAdita rahe. A parathI ema nirNaya karI zakAya ke hastaprata-paraMparA je lipimAM mUla Adarzaprata lakhAI hoya tene samAMtara pravAha yA zAkhAmAM UtarI AvatI. je

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: 30 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA lahiyo banne lipithI paricita hoya te ja te AdarzapratanuM anulekhana bIjI lipimAM karI zake ane tyAra bAda A prata te lipimAM navI saMcaraNa-paraMparAno mULa srota banI zake. jeTalA pramANamAM lipi alpa pracalita hoya, teTalA pramANamAM te lipinI hastaprato eka ja prakAranI paraMparAne anusaravAnI vadhu zakyatA rahe che. jo saMzodhako, saMpAdako athavA lahiyAo svayaM eka karatAM vadhu lipiothI paricita na hoya ane A pritilipio taiyAra karavAmAM ghaNI hastaprato upayogamAM laI zake evI sthitimAM na hoya to, sukzanakara jaNAve che te pramANe, A vibhAjanano siddhAMta (principum divisionis) jeTalo prathama najare dekhAya che eTalo Apakhuda nathI. anubhavathI jaNAyuM che ke vAstavamAM A lipinA uparachallA bhedano, pAThamAM jovA maLatA UMDA bheda sAthe meLa bese che. A sAmAnya niyamano eka mAtra apavAda devanAgarI lipi che; je sArA ye bhAratavarSamAM vyApakapaNe prayojAtI ane samajAtI eka prakAranI "janasAdhAraNA' lipi che. jema A siddhAnta saMpUrNapaNe yatravata yA Apakhuda nathI tema te pUrNa rIte Adarza yA saMpUrNa paNa nathI. udAharaNa tarIke, A devanAgarI lipi dvArA A niyamanuM ullaMghana thAya che. avyavasthAnuM bIjuM kAraNa e che jyAM bhinna bhinna lipio pracalita hoya che ane bhinna bhinna bhASAo bolAtI hoya che, te prAntIya sarahadomAM avazya dvibhASI ane krilipIya kaTibaMdho hoya che ane tyAM be lipio dvArA rajU thatA paraMparAnA judA judA pravAhonA saMmizraNanI upara jaNAvelI teno ujjavaLa hoya che.

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prakaraNa -3 pATha-samIkSAnAM keTalAMka mULatatvo pATha-samIkSAno eka mAtra uddeza e che ke pAThyagraMthanI hastapratomAM athavA dastAvejomAM sAMpaDatA abhisAkSya(evidence)nuM arthaghaTana ane niyamana karavuM, jene pariNAme ApaNe zakya eTalA vadhu pAchaLanA (mULapratathI najIkanA) samaya sudhI pahoMcI zakIe ane pramANabhUta pATha prApta karI zakIe, arthAt lekhake pote zuM lakhyuM haze teno zakya hade nirNaya karI zakIe. bIjA zabdomAM kahI to pATha-samIkSA eTale zakya hoya tyAM sudhI pAThanA mULa svarUpanA punarnirmANanA ekamAtra prayojanathI prerAIne pATha-nirNaya mATe mAnavabuddhino kuzaLa ane paddhatisarano viniyoga karavo te. pAThanuM mULa svarUpa eTale lekhaka dvArA abhipreta svarUpa: A prakAranA pAThanA punarnirmANa(punaruddhAra)ne ghaNIvAra samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa" yA "adhikRta vAcanA' (critical recension) kahe che. eka svIkRta paddhati pramANe pATha-samIkSAne be prakriyAomAM vibhakta karavAmAM Ave che : (1) saMskaraNa (Recension) ane (2) saMzodhana (Emendation). A pracalita paraMparAgata vibhAjana che. saMskaraNanI prakriyAmAM sauthI vadhu vizvasanIya hastaprato yA dastAvejIya pramANone pasaMda karavAmAM Ave che, jene AdhAre lekhakanA svahastalekhanI sauthI najIkanI pratano nirNaya thaI zake. A pasaMdagI upalabdha sarva abhisADhyonI talasparzI samIkSAtmaka cakAsaNI pachI ja zakya che. saMzodhananI prakriyAmAM hastaprata paraMparAmAM rahelAM sarva avizvasanIya tattvone dUra karavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Ave che. AvAM avizvasanIya tattvo sarvottama dastAvejo ane hastapratomAM paNa jovA maLatAM hoya che. eka rIte joIe to paraMparAthI AgaLa javAno - tenuM atikramaNa karavAno A prayatna che ane eTale te likhita pramANano asvIkAra karavAno vicArapUrvakano temaja vyavasthita prayAsa che. ' epha. Dabalyu. haoNla lakhe che - "ghaNA mANaso pATha-samIkSAne eka prakArano roga mAnavAnuM valaNa dharAve che. paraMtu te roga paNa nathI ke zAstra paNa nathI. e to kevaLa sarva

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kara bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA saMzodhako samakSa upasthita thanArI ane jemanuM sAkSya hastapratonA dastAvejanA pramANa para AdhArita che, tevI keTalIka samasyAonA ukela mATe sAmAnya mAnavabuddhino viniyoga che'' AmAMnI ghaNIkharI samasyAo kramika anulekhanane kAraNe pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhio sAthe saMkaLAyelI che. ane temane sudhAratAM pahelAM saMpAdake te je pAThyapustaka para kAma karato hoya teno itihAsa lakSamAM levo ja rahyo; nahIM to ema banavA saMbhava che ke te ati prAcIna kALathI pravezI cUkelI bhUlone sudhAravA prayatna karato hoya ane e bhUlo eTalI prAcIna kALathI pravezelI hoya, ke jethI Adhunika paddhatio dvArA temanuM saMzodhana zakya na hoya. athavA to te mULa lekhaka sudhI pahoMcato hoya eTale ke mULa lekhake ja lakhyo hoya tevA pATha viSe zaMkA uThAvato hoya. AthI grIka ane leTina graMthonI pAThasamIkSA mATe apanAvavAmAM AvelA praziSTa Adarza pramANe pATha-samIkSAnI prakriyAnA cAra vibhAga pADavAmAM Ave che H (1) anusaMdhAna (Heuristics) arthAt hastaprato tathA temanI sahAyaka sAmagrI (Testimonia) nI banelI badhI sAmagrI ekatrita karavI ane tene vaMzAnukrama paddhati pramANe arthAt vaMzavRkSa (stemma codicum) rUpe goThavavI. (2) saMskaraNa(Recensio) arthAt upayukta sAmagrIne AdhAre pAThyagraMthano tenA sauthI prAcIna svarUpe punaruddhAra karavo. (3) saMzodhana (Emendatio) lekhaka (graMthakartA)nA pAThanI punaHsthApanA karavI ane (4) uccatara samIkSA (Higher Criticism) arthAt lekhake upayogamAM lIdhelA mULa srotonuM pRthakkaraNa. prathama prakriyA dvArA saMpAdaka hastapratanA pramANane nizcita paraMparA-pravAhomAM vibhAjita karI zake che. A pravAho taddana svataMtra hoya athavA AMtara saMmizraNathI paraspara saMkaLAyelA hoya. A prakriyAno prAraMbha pAThyapustakanA saMcaritarUpe prApta thayela svarUpanI cakAsaNIthI thAya che. jene mATe hastaprato para AdhAra rAkhavAno rahe che. A hastaprato upalabdha hoya athavA na paNa hoya. vartamAna hastapratomAM prApta sAkSya(pramANa)no saMtulana (Collation) dvArA nirNaya karavo joIe. hastapratanuM saMtulana karavuM eTale hastaprata jemAMthI UtarI AvI hoya te mULa srotanA nirNaya mATe je kAMI upayogI hoya tenuM nirIkSaNa karavuM ane tenI noMdha levI te. mahAbhAratanA AdiparvanI samIkSAtmaka AvRttinA 'upodghAta' (Prolegomena)mAM sukathanakare ane Pancatantra Reconstructed mAM 1. Companion to Classical Studies, pR. 3.

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pATha-samIkSAnAM keTalAMka mULatattvo eDagaraTane saMtulana mATenAM keTalAMka vyavahAru sUcano ApyAM che. kAvyagraMthamAM saMtulana mATe eka zlokane ekama tarIke laI zakAya ane koI sArI hastaprata yA vizvasanIya AvRttine Adarza tarIke laI zakAya ane A pAThane pAnAne mathALe akSare akSara yogya rIte vibhAjita corasomAM lakhI zakAya. A pAThathI judA paDatA pAThone tadanurUpa corasomAM darzAvI zakAya. DAbA hAtha taraphano hAMsiyo saMtulita hastaprata darzAvaze ane jamaNA hAtha taraphano vadhu moTo hAMsiyo khAsa TIkA TippaNa tathA vadhArAnA pariccheda ityAdi mATe raheze. mahAbhAratanA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana mATe akhatyAra karelI saMtulana paddhatinI saMpUrNa vigatono abhyAsa uparyullikhita sukathanakaranA 'upodghAta' (Prolegomena)mAMthI karI zakAya. 33 eDagaraTane apanAvelI paddhati A pramANe cheH prathama temaNe paMcataMtranAM rUpAntaro (versions)nI pasaMdagI karI, je rUpAntarone viSe pahelAMnA abhyAsane AdhAre ema dhArI zakAya ke teomAM mULa paMcataMtranA punaruddhAra mATe upayogI evI badhI ja athavA prApta badhI ja sAmagrIno samAveza thaI jato hato. tyAra bAda temaNe pratyeka rUpAntaramAM prApta badhI ja sAmagrInI jhINavaTabharI tulanAtmaka cakAsaNI zarU karI; ane te e dRSTie ke e sAmagrIono bIjAM rUpAntaromAM koI sAthe meLa bese che ke nahi. A hetuthI, temaNe pAThyagraMthane zakya eTalAM nAnAM ekamomAM vibhAjita karyo. pratyeka ekamamAM niyama tarIke eka ja gadya-vAkya athavA koI vAra vAkyAMzano samAveza thato. tyAra pachI u52 darzAvelI paddhatine ghaNuMkharuM maLatI rIte tulanAtmaka cakAsaNI arthAt saMtulana (collation) zarU karyuM. A pramANe gadya ane padya - ubhaya prakAranA pAThonuM saMtulana karI zakAya. AvA saMtulanane AdhAre hastapratono AnuvaMzika saMbaMdha spaSTa thAya che; ane A saMbaMdhane tyAra pachI vaMzavRkSa dvArA athavA vaMzAnukrama rUpe darzAvI zakAya. dvitIya prakriyA arthaghaTananI prakriyA che. AmAM hastapratonA likhita pramANano artha ghaTAvavAmAM Ave che. amuka (dRSTibinduo ane hakIkato)nA prakAzamAM temanuM mUlyAMkana karavAmAM Ave che ane emane AdhAre A pachInA prakaraNamAM darzAvavAmAM AvanArA siddhAMto pramANe pAThanA zakya hoya tevA prAcInatama svarUpano nirNaya karavAmAM Ave che. A prakriyA kharekhara pATha-samIkSAnI prAcIna avasthA che ane tenuM lakSya prastuta pAThanA nizcita thaI zake evA prAcInatama svarUpane zodhI kADhavAnuM che. tRtIya prakriyA tattvataH lekhakanA pATha sudhI pahoMcavAnI prakriyA che, ane AmAM eka rIte jyAM jarUra jaNAya tyAM amuka AMtarika bAbatone dhyAnamAM laI likhita pramANa (hastaprata) ne bAjue mUkI tenAthI AgaLa javAnuM rahe che. A zakya che, kAraNa ke ApaNA ghaNAkharA praziSTa (classical) lekhako eklavAyA hotA nathI. haoNla kahe che te

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA pramANe, jo pratyeka praziSTa lekhaka ekalavAyo hota ane tenI kRtinuM ekamAtra jIvita pramANa te kRtinI hastaprata ja hota to hastapratonI pAchaLa rahelA pAThanA itihAsamAM UMDA UtaravAnuM zakya banata nahi. ghaNIvAra ema kahI zakAya ke amuka hastaprata yA hastaprata-samUhanuM anulekhana amuka samayanA tathA amuka prakAranA hastAkSaravALA mUlAdarza (archetype)mAMthI karavAmAM AvyuM che. tema chatAM je bindu AgaLa tapAsane aTakI javuM paData te bindu paNa prAcInatama hastaprato je samayanI hoya te samayathI ghaNuM dUra na hota. evA saMyogomAM samIkSakanI sthiti khANanA Ijanera jevI hota, je jamInanI uparanI sapATInA khaDakonI cakAsaNIne AdhAre sonAnI khANane anumAna dvArA zodhavAno - dalIlo dvArA samajAvavAno - prayatna kare, ane jevI rIte e Ijanera jude jude sthaLe sapATInI nIce zArakAma dvArA sonAnI khANanA sthAnano patto meLavaze, te ja rIte pATha-samIkSakane paNa ghaNIvAra vartamAna hastaprata-paMraparAno prAraMbha thayo hoya te pUrvenA samayamAM graMthanA svarUpa viSe bahiraMga yA parokSa pramANa prApta thaI zakatAM hoya che. AvAM parokSa pramANane bRhatkAya samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanomAM "sahAyaka sAmagrI' (testimonium) kahevAmAM Ave che ane eka alaga vibhAgamAM temane carcavAmAM Ave che. A sahAyaka sAmagrIne sAmAnya rIte nIce pramANenA vargomAM vibhAjita karavAmAM Ave che - prAcIna athavA madhyakAlIna subhASita - saMgraho (Anthologies) athavA uddharaNonA saMgraho. A prakAranA saMgrahonAM keTalAMka upalabdha udAharaNo tarIke hAlanI sattasaI'; zAgadharanI paddhati yA jalpaNanI "sUktimuktAvalIne ApaNe noMdhI zakIe. prAcIna graMthamAMthI anya lekhakoe karelAM AvA uddharaNo ghaNIvAra atyaMta mUlyavAna pramANa bane che. kAraNa ke ghaNIvAra AvA lekhakono samaya upalabdha prAcInatama hastapratanA samaya karatAM keTalIka sadIo jeTalo purANo hoya che. eka bhASAmAMthI bIjI bhASAmAM thayelA anuvAdo paNa mULa graMthanA punarnirmANamAM sahAyaka banI zake. ane tevI ja rIte mULagraMtha paNa anuvAdanA punarnirmANamAM sahAyaka thaI zake. khAsa karIne jyAre prastuta pAThyagraMthanI vartamAna prAcInatama hastaprata karatAM anuvAdano samaya vadhu prAcIna hoya tyAre tenuM mUlya atyaMta vadhI jAya che. ane tenuM pramANa "samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI' (apparatus criticus)no ja eka anivArya aMza bane che. ghaNAkharA saMskRta mahAyAna graMthonA mULa pAThanA punarnirmANa arthe sauthI mahattvanAM pramANe te graMthonA prAcIna samaye thayelA tibeTa tathA cInanI bhASAnA anuvAdo banyA che. mahAbhAratanI bAbatamAM paNa ApaNane agiyAramA saikAnAM jAvA ane telagu bhASAmAM lakhAyelAM mULa graMthanAM anukrame jAvA (Azare I.sa.1000) ane telagu (Azare I.sa.1025) rUpAntaro yA sArasaMgraho upalabdha thAya che, ane te mahAbhAratanI prAcInatama vartamAna hastaprato karatAM sadIo purANI che.

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pATha-samIkSAnAM keTalAMka mULatattvo pAchaLanA sAhityamAM khAsa karIne zAstrIya graMthomAM mULa graMthomAMthI ghaNA paricchedonAM sIdhAM avataraNo avAranavAra uddhRta karelAM dRSTigocara thAya che. A prakAranAM avataraNonAM udAharaNa vyAkaraNazAstra ane alaMkArazAstranA graMthomAM pracura mAtrAmAM maLe che. ahIM pUrvenI kRtiomAMthI aneka uddharaNo prastuta niyama yA nirUpita prakAranA udAharaNa rUpe ApelAM jovA maLe che. A uddharaNo sAthe kartAnuM nAma koI vAra hoya paNa kharuM ane koIvAra na paNa hoya. 35 mULa kRtinAM dekhItAM anukaraNo (jemAM vyaMga-kAvya(parody)no paNa samAveza thaI zake) paNa anukartA athavA anukArya (mULa lekhaka)nA zabdono nirNaya karavAmAM sahAyaka banI zake. udAharaNa tarIke, kAlidAsanA suprasiddha 'meghadUta'ne ApaNe jinasenanA 'pArzvabhyudaya' nAmanA kAvyamAM gUMthI lIdheluM joIe chIe. A kAvyanA pratyeka padyamAM meghadUtanI eka ke be paMktio levAmAM AvI che. saMkSepo yA rUpAntaro (jemAM vivaraNono paNa samAveza karI zakAya) paNa je mULa graMthanA AvA saMkSepo yA rUpAntaro karavAmAM AvyAM hoya temanA pATha-nirNayamAM AMzika rUpe sahAyaka bane che. A rIte kAzmIrI kavi kSemendranI 'bhAratamaMjarI' mahAbhAratanA kAzmIrI rUpAMtarano saMkSepa che ane A rUpAntara para kaMIka prakAza pADe che. prAcIna TIkAo paNa eka gauNa svarUpanI sahAyaka sAmagrI bane che. je graMtha para TIkA lakhavAmAM AvI hoya tenA pAThane saMpUrNapaNe yA AMzikarUpe uddhRta karavAmAM Avyo hoya tyAre AvAM uddharaNo te graMthanA temane maLatA AvatA aMzonA punarnirmANamAM ApaNane sahAyarUpa banI zake. keTalAka graMtho koI eka lekhakanI racanA nahi, paraMtu pAraMparika sAhityasampradAyanI racanA hoya che, jema ke mahAbhArata ane anya purANo. AvA graMthomAMnA keTalAka gauNa prasaMgo (avAntara kthAo) yA paricchedonAM samAntara rUpAntaro anya kRtiomAM jovA maLe che. AvAM samAntara rUpAntaro paNa mULa graMthanA pATha-nirNayamAM sahAyaka bane che. udAharaNa tarIke, mahAbhArata (1,62 thI AgaLa)mAM AvatI zakuntalAnI kathAnuM samAntara rUpAntara padmapurANamAM maLe che. pATha-samIkSAnuM aMtima sopAna lekhake upayogamAM lIMdhelI mULa AdhAra-sAmagrInuM pRththakaraNa karavuM te che. jo ke A dizAmAM lyUDarsa (Die Sage von svasria) syasrnga) jevA suprasiddha vidvAno dvArA karavAmAM AvelAM prAraMbhika abhyAsakArya prakAzita thayAM che, tema chatAM bhAratIya pATha-samIkSAnA itihAsamAM A kArya hAtha dharavAno prayAsa haju paNa ghaNo vahelo gaNAya, khAsa karIne jyAre vikhyAta praziSTa kRtionI zAstrIya Dhabe saMpAdita AvRttiono abhAva pravartato hoya tyAre. AthI prastuta pustakane lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI ahIM pAThonA samIkSAtmaka mUlyAMkananA A caturtha sopAnano samAveza karavAmAM Avaze nahiM.

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prakaraNa-4 samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA ApaNe dhArI laIe ke saMpAdake haju sudhI jenuM saMpAdana thayuM ja na hoya athavA ochAmAM ochuM jenuM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana na thayuM hoya evA graMthanI samIkSAtmaka AvRtti prakAzita karavAnuM nakkI karyuM che. A mATe sarvaprathama to teNe upalabdha pramANone zodhI kADhavAnAM che. A pramANo eTale ghaNuMkharuM saMcarita(saMcaraNa-prakriyA dvArA prApta thayelI) hastalikhita prato arthAtu hastaprato. A bAbatamAM ApaNe Azare eka saikA karatAM paNa vadhu samayanA vidvAnonA avirata prayAsonA RNI chIe, jemane pariNAme Aje ApaNane aneka vikhyAta sArvajanika pustakAlayomAM sacavAyelI saMskRta, prAkRta ane prAntIya bhASAonI ghaNI graMthasUcio(catalogues), hastasUcio(hand-lists) ane vivaraNAtmaka graMthasUcio (descriptive catalogues) prApta thAya che. vaLI keTalIkavAra ApaNane vyaktigata mAlikInI hastapratono ullekha paNa jovA maLe che, jemake (rAjendralAla) mitranI Notices. saMskRta hastapratonI bAbatamAM oNpheTanuM sarvottama Catalogus Catalogorum ApaNane vyaktigata graMthasUcio hastapratasUcio ane patra-patrikAomAM prakAzita thayela vividha noMdho, varNano ityAdi dvArA jemanuM astitva jANItuM che tevA pAThyagraMtho ane te graMthonI hastaprato viSe sAmAnyataH saMkSipta saghana mAhitI pUrI pADe che. jo ke hastapratone ekatrita karI temano vivaraNAtmaka paricaya ApavAnuM kAma haju paNa cAlu ja che. ane prativarSa navI tAjI mAhitI umerAtI rahe che, chatAM paNa saMpAdaka tene prApya srotomAMthI je kAMI mAhitI upalabdha thAya tenAthI saMtoSa mAnavAno rahe che. Ama tenuM sarvaprathama kartavya tenA kArya mATe kaI hastaprato upalabdha che te zodhI kADhavAnuM ane pachI hastapratonA saMtulana (collation) ane avirata abhyAsa mATe temane meLavI levAnuM che. te dastAvejonuM anavarata adhyayana karIne temaja temanI viziSTatAo noMdhIne teNe potAnI jAte khAtarI karI saMtoSa meLavI levo joIe ke te pAThyagraMthanI vizuddhapaNe saMcAraNa pAmelI hastaprato para ja kAma karI rahyo che. 1. athavA phreMca catalogues raisounse

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samIkSAtmaka saMrakaraNanI samasyA 30 sarva upalabdha hastapratonI tulanAtmaka cakAsaNI ane temanuM kALajIpUrvaka parIkSaNa karyA bAda saMpAdaka graMthanI racanA mATe sAkSI tarIke kharekhara vizvasanIya hoya evI badhI ja hastapratone pasaMda karavAnI rahe che. jevI rIte koI paNa sAkSI je vidhAna kare te mAnavA yogya che ke nahi teno nirNaya karavA mATe te sAkSInuM sAmAnya cAritrya lakSamAM levAmAM Ave che, tevI ja rIte hastapratanI sAmAnya lAkSaNikatA koI eka pATha saMbaMdhe teNe ApelA sAsyanA mUlyano nirNaya karavAmAM ApaNane sahAyaka bane che. udAharaNa tarIke, "" ane e be hastapratonI tulanA jo ema darzAve ke jyAM jyAM teo paraspara judI paDe che tyAM tyAM ja dvArA sUcita pAThomAM "ga" dvArA sUcita pATho karatAM vadhu nizcita athavA atyaMta saMbhAvya hoya tevA pAThonI saMkhyA ghaNI moTI che, to sAmAnya vizvasanIyatAnI dRSTie 1 karatA ja caDhiyAtI che evo nirNaya bAMdhI zakAya. va nuM A caDhiyAtApaNuM jyAre 3 ane 4 mAMthI kono pATha pasaMda karavo te kArya kaThina hoya evA prasaMgoe lakSamAM laI zakAya; jo ke 4 nA badhA ja pAThonI zuddhi mATe e binazaratI dhoraNa nathI, kAraNa ke saMbhava che ke koI koIvAra mAM sAco pATha sacavAyelo hoya, 8 mAM nahi, pachI bhale e be hastapratomAM 5 vadhu azuddha hoya. A rIte pizale zAkuntalanI bIjI AvRtti mATe je hastaprata ja nI tulanAtmaka cakAsaNI karI hatI temAM aneka prakAranI gaMbhIra kSatio pracura mAtrAmAM dRSTigocara thatI hatI, jemake sAmAnyataH pracalita gAyumA' ne sthAne temAM arthahIna nAmummAna' evo pATha hato (je lahiyAnI vidvattA ane buddhimattAnI pArAzIzI gaNAya) ane te bhAgye ja mULa pATha prastuta kare che. tema chatAM kavacit e hastapratamAM maulika pATha sacavAyelo jaNAya che. jema ke 1,4,4mAM temAM ga3i ne badale riga pATha che, je pATha dakSiNa bhAratanI saMkSipta vAcanAmAM paNa daSTigocara thAya che. A rIte pasaMda karelI hastapratonI sApekSa vizvasanIyatAnuM mUlyAMkana karatI vakhate, agAu jaNAvyuM te pramANe, yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe ke pratyeka hastapratane potapotAnI AgavI viziSTatAo hoya che. A viziSTatAo te te hastapratanA UMDA ane avirata abhyAsa dvArA ja samajI zakAya ane A viziSTatAone barAbara samajavI te pAThasamIkSakanA kAryanuM Avazyaka aMga che. saMkSepamAM siddhAMta e che ke koI pATha saMbaMdhI nirNaya apAya te pUrve pAThanA badhA ja sAkSIone sAMbhaLavA joIe (lakSamAM levA joIe) ane te paNa vAraMvAra sAMbhaLavA joIe. vulpha kahe che te pramANe kharI jarUra "saMskaraNa' (recensio)nI che, kevaLa "oLakhANa' (recognitio) nI nahi. jyAre graMthanI eka ja hastaprata ApaNane upalabdha hoya tyAre A savizeSa mahatvanuM bane che. amuka pATha azuddha che ema nirNaya karatAM pahelAM tathA tenA saMzodhanano prayAsa karatAM pahelAM A ekalA aTulA 2. haoNla, ejana pR.122

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- 38 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA sAkSIonI sAmAnya lAkSaNikatAono gADha paricaya prApta karavo jarUrI che. khAsa karIne zilAlekhomAM AvuM banatuM hoya che. bIjI bAju jayAre hastapratonI saMkhyA moTI hoya tyAre temanI sAmAnya vizvasanIyatAnI tulanA karavAnuM kArya vadhu kaparuM banatuM jAya che. A kissAomAM A hastapratono vaMzAnukrama zodhI zakAya tema che ke nahi ane zodhI zakAya tema hoya to te keTalI hada sudhI zakya che te tapAsavuM atyaMta Avazyaka che. . Ama saMskaraNanI samasyA haMmezAM saraLa hotI nathI ane te graMthanA vartamAna sAkSIo (hastaprato) pote je vibhinna paraMparAo darzAvatA hoya temanA para mahadaMze AdhArita hoya che. AgaLanA paricchedamAM pAThyagraMthanA sAkSI tarIke saMrakSAyela pratyeka hastapratanA satata abhyAsanI AvazyakatA saMbaMdhI je zarata mUkI che tene susaMgata rahIne ApaNe ahIM sagavaDanI daSTie mukhya prakAronI alaga alaga carcA karIe. anukULa saMyogomAM jyAre graMtha saMdatara lupta na thayo hoya tyAre, tenuM saMcAraNa ane saMrakSaNa nIcenAmAMthI game te eka prakAre thaI zake - (1) kevaLa eka ja hastaprata ' rUpe ane (2) eka karatAM vadhu hastaprato rUpe. have jyAre saMcAraNa eka ja vartamAna hastaprata (codex unicus) para AdhArita hoya tyAre adhikRta vAcanA eTale A ekalavAyA sAkSInuM sauthI cokaksAIbharyuM nirUpaNa ane tenA gUDhArthanuM spaSTIkaraNa ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. ghaNAkharA zilAlekho ane tAmrapatronAM dAnone A bAbata lAgu paDe che. taduparAMta bhUMDarsa dvArA saMpAdita khotAna tathA tuphanamAMthI zodhAyelA bauddha nATakonA aMzo temaja vizvanAthanA "kozakalpataru' athavA nA devanA "bharatabhASya' jevA graMtho jeo kevaLa eka ja jANItI vartamAna hastaprata rUpe sacavAyelA che, teone paNa A lAgu paDe che. * vaMzAnukrama paddhati, jemanI carcA agAunAM prakaraNomAM thaI gaI che tevI saraLa prakAranI dhAraNAo para AdhArita che. paraMtu teno upayoga Adhunika che. kAraNa ke relvenuM Agamana thayuM te pUrve bhAgye ja koI vidvAna pAse evAM sAdhana hatAM je dvArA A vizALa dezanA khUNAomAM dUra sudhI vikharAyelAM pustakAlayo ane vyaktigata saMgrahomAM sacavAyelI koI eka graMthanI badhI ja hastapratono upayoga karI zake ke temanAM saMtulana paNa cokkasAIpUrvaka taiyAra karAvI zake. te sAthe jarUrI hastapratonI AbehUba nakala meLavavAnI Adhunika yAMtrika paddhatio paNa te samaye ajJAta hatI. graMthanI vividha hastaprato sadIonA likhita saMcAraNa dvArA UtarI AvelI saMcArita prato che. ane AthI aMte to teo ekabIjAthI svataMtra hoI zake nahi. teo eka ja sAmAnya mULasrota - je Aje saMbhavataH lupta thayo che - mAMthI avatarelI che. A avataraNa vibhinna paraMparA - pravAho dvArA thayuM che. jo A sAmAnya mULasrota likhita

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samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA mUlAdarza hoya to hastapratonI eka saLaMga paraMparA banaze ane badhI ja Adarzaprato chevaTe te mUlAdarzane jaIne maLaze. jo temanA saMcaraNa saMbaMdhI badhI ja hakIkato ApaNe zodhI zakIe to ApaNe temanA vaMzajonA cokkasAIbharyA vaMzAnukrama(vaMzavRkSa)nuM nirmANa karI zakIe. jema jema ApaNe A vaMzavRkSanirmANanI vadhu ne vadhu najIka pahoMcatA jaIe tema tema vizuddha yA maulika pAThamAMthI prakSipta yA amaulika pAThane vadhu ne vadhu sArI rIte judA pADI zakIe. 39 je sAmAnya siddhAMtane AdhAre ApaNe hastapratonA udbhavasthAna (derivation) no nirNaya bAMdhIe chIe te e che ke apavAdone bAda karatAM, ekasarakho pATha eka ja mUlasrota sUcave che (Identity of reading implies identity of origin). e pAThano mUlasrota lekhakano svahastalekha paNa hoI zake. ane jo te na hoya to saMcaraNa-paraMparAmAMnI bIjI koI hastaprata hovI joIe. dhAro ke amuka graMthanI paMdara hastaprato upalabdha che, ane tenA amuka paricchedamAM temAMnI ATha hastapratomAM eka pATha che jyAre bAkInI sAta hastapratomAM bIjo pATha che. to A hakIkata parathI ema sUcita thAya che ke ATha hastapratonA samAna pUrvaja pAse eka pATha hato ane sAta hastapratonA samAna pUrvaja pAse bIjo pATha hato, jo teonI vacce paraspara saparka(saMmizraNa) na thayo hoya to. hastaprato vaccenA AnuvaMzika saMbaMdhonA nirNaya mATenI vadhu pracalita kasoTIo A pramANe che-- (1) zabdo yA paricchedono lopa (rahI javA te) ane paricchedonuM sthaLAMtara. haoNla kahe che ke lopa (omissions) e saMbaMdhanI sauthI vadhu nirNayAtmaka kasoTI che. kAraNa ke A loponI saMkhyA vadhu hoya to te kevaLa Akasmika rUpe thayA hoya ema bhAgye ja bane. ane te badhA ja anya hastaprato sAthe sarakhAmaNI dvArA pAThamAM pravezyA hoya e paNa saMbhavita nathI. ghaNuMkharuM teo samAna pATha dvArA je saMbaMdhanuM anumAna karI zakAya che te karatAM ghaNo vadhu nikaTano saMbaMdha sUcave che, ane ghaNIvAra eka hastaprata bIjI hastapratamAMthI tatkALa UtarI AvelI hovAnuM darzAve che. (2) saMkhyAbaMdha viziSTa pATho ane bIjI viziSTatAomAM samAnatA. yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe ke hastaprato vacceno saMbaMdha haMmezAM saraLa hoto nathI. pATha-nirdhAraNanA paribaLa 3. A niyamane bhASA - vijJAnanA niyama sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya ane te e ke saMrakSaNa (conservations) bhASAonuM mULa saMbavataH eka hovAnuM sUcave che jyAre samAna navIna praNAlIo (innovations) te bhASAo vacce pArasparika saMbaMdha hovAno sacoTa nirdeza kare che. sAmAnyataH pAThonI ekarUpatAne saMrakSaNa sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya, jyAre hastaprato vacce astitva dharAvatA pArasparika saMbaMdha sthApita karavAnI dRSTie upara darzAvela lopa (omissions)ne ApaNe navIna praNAlI (innovation) sAthe samarUpa lekhI zakIe.

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA rUpe svIkArAyelI pratyeka hastaprata eka ja pUrvajamAMthI UtarI AvelI hoya ema anivAryapaNe banatuM nathI. pariNAme chevaTe eka ja mULa srotamAMthI avatarelI hastapratomAM paNa haMmezAM pAThonI ekarUpatA saMbhavatI nathI. jemane AdhAre saMpAdaka adhikRta vAcanA taiyAra kare che te hastapratonA saMtulana(collation)thI hastapratonI paraspara samAnatAo sAmAnya rUpe spaSTa thAya che. tene AdhAre te hastapratonuM vargIkaraNa karI zakaze. koI vAra ema paNa banavA saMbhava che ke hastaprato vaccenuM sAmya e prakAranuM hoya ke te parathI eka hastaprata bIjImAMthI UtarI AvI che ema nizcayapUrvaka pratipAdita na karI zakAya. chatAM paNa e sAmya be hastaprato vacce koI prakArano pArasparika saMbaMdha siddha karavA pUratuM hoya. tyAre ApaNe anumAna karIe chIe ke A saMbaMdha mULasrotanI ekatAmAMthI udbhave che. A rIte ApaNe hastapratonA kuTuMba viSenA khyAla tarapha AvIe chIe. have ApaNe ema dhArI laIe ke koI eka graMthanI ATha hastaprato maLe che. temane ApaNe , 7, 1, 2, 4, cha, ja, evAM nAma ApIe. have jo ApaNane ema mAlUma paDe ke A hastapratomAM ya hastaprata pAThonI viziSTatAnI dRSTie alaga tarI Ave che ane bAkInI sAtamAMthI ekeyanI sAthe khAsa samAnatA darzAvatI nathI, vaLI eka tarapha uM, , ane bIjI tarapha , , 4, 5, 3 bIjI pratothI ThIka ThIka judI paDatI hovA chatAM paraspara sAruM evuM sAmya dharAve che, to A hakIkatane ApaNe e rIte darzAvI zakIe ke , , eka ja kuTuMba kuLa)nA sabhyo che, je eka sAmAnya kAlpanika pUrvaja - jene mATe ApaNe " evI saMjJA prayojIe - mAMthI UtarI AvelA che. tathA 1, 2, cha, ja, pha bIjA kuTuMbanA sabhyo che, je eka sAmAnya kAlpanika pUrvajamAMthI UtarI Avela che, jene ApaNe ja evuM nAma ApIe. hastapratonI avirata saMcaraNa prakriyAmAM azuddhio kevI rIte pravezatI hoya che te ApaNe agAu joyuM che. A parathI jo ApaNe evI apekSA rAkhIe ke 4 athavA ja mAMthI koInA paNa pATho karatAM "kSanA pATha vadhu zuddha haze to te tarkasaMgata che, ane "kSa e ha tathA A hastapratono mAnI lIdhelo mUlasrota hovAthI "kSanA pATha gha ane mAMthI koI ekanA pATha karatAM vadhu prAcIna temaja pramANabhUta haze. svAbhAvika rIte ja kSa nA pATha ane 1 nA pAThonI tulanA dvArA meLavavAnA rahe che, kAraNa ke jo "I" vartamAna hoya to ane mAMthI koI paNa ekanA karatAM " vadhu prAcIna ane pramANabhUta che - e hakIkatanI ApaNe cakAsaNI karI zakIe, tathA ane 4 nA pAThamAM lahiyA dvArA praveza pAmelI keTalIka truTio - azuddhione to avazya samajAvI zakIe. te ja rIte "jenA pATha gha, ca, cha,

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samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA 41 , rU mAMthI koI paNa ekanA pAThanI sarakhAmaNImAM vadhu prAcIna tema ja vadhu pramANabhUta raheze. have 1, 2, 4, 5, rU nA kuTuMbamAM jo ApaNane ema mAluma paDe ke na ane rU temanI sAmAnya kuTuMbagata viziSTatAo jALavI rAkhatAM chatAM teonA pAThonI viziSTatAmAM gha, ca, cha, nI sarakhAmaNImAM paraspara vadhu sAmya dharAve che, to evuM tAraNa kADhI zakAya ke na e pha eka samAna kAlpanika pUrvaja na mAMthI UtarI AvelI che. A na hastaprata gha, ca, cha, " kuLanI ja sabhya che. ane ra ane nA pAThonI tulanA dvArA punanirmANa pAmelA ja nA pAThana ane pha mAMthI koI paNa ekanA pATha karatAM vadhu prAcIna ane vadhu mUlyavAna rahevAnAM. ApaNe ATalethI aTakavAnI jarUra nathI. ApaNe i, 2, 4, ga, rU nA pAThonI pArasparika tulanA karI zakIe ane te dvArA "jenA pAThano nirNaya karI zakIe. ane A uparAMta ApaNe "kSa ane "janA pAThonI paraspara tulanA karIne temane nA pATha sAthe sarakhAvI zakIe ane te dvArA A badhAthI vadhu prAcIna pUrvajanA pAThano nirNaya karI zakIe, jene ApaNe "pha nAma ApIe. A " te pustakanI vartamAna ATheya hastapratono kAlpanika sarvasAmAnya pUrvaja haze. A jJamAMthI ja sarvaprathama hastapratonuM saMcAraNa alaga alaga pravAho arthAt zAkhAomAM, jemake va8 kSa ane mAM vibhakta bane che, ane AthI te jJa pAThyagraMthanI vartamAna saMcarita pratomAMthI tAravelA "la", "je ane vA' nA pAThonI sarakhAmaNI dvArA punanirmANa karI zakAya tevo sauthI prAcIna sarvasAmAnya pUrvaja che. Ane kAraNe ene badhI ja vartamAna hastapratono mUlAdarza (archetype) kahe che. ane A rIte ApaNe hastapratono vaMzAnukrama yA vaMzAvalI yA vaMzavRkSa (Stemma codicum) taiyAra karI zakIe, jene nIce pramANe rajU karI zakAya: (mUlAdarza archetype) kha upara darzAvela vaMzavRkSamAM kAlpanika mAtRprato "kSa ane "jane upamUlAdarza (sub-archetype) arthAt "vartamAna hastapratone AdhAre pramANita thatI saMrakSaNanI svataMtra zAkhAomAM vibhakta thayela mUlAdarzanA anupalabdha sarvaprathama vaMzajo" kahI zakAya. pAThone judA pADavAnA kAryamAM hastapratonA vazAnukramano saralatama vyAvahArika upayoga e che ke tene AdhAre ema darzAvI zakAya ke AmAMthI eka mUlaprata che ane

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA bAkInI badhI temAMthI UtarI AvelI che. udAharaNa tarIke, jo ApaNI pAse 2, 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 5, , 8, 3, 4, 4 ema bAra hastaprato hoya, ane jo ema batAvI zakAya ke 6 ane 4 sudhInI agiyAre hastaprato mAMthI UtarI AvelI che, to vAcanA taiyAra karavAnuM kAma ekadama saraLa banI jAya che, kAraNa ke mULapAThano nirNaya karavAmAM A agiyAra hastapratonuM koI svataMtra mUlya nathI; kAraNa ke jyAre jyAre teono pATha temanI mAtRprata 4 thI judo paDe tyAre te pAThabheda lahiyAnI svabhAvagata vilakSaNatAo ane truTio athavA kAlpanika anumAnone pariNAme hovo joIe. AthI mULapratamAMthI A pratilipio taiyAra karavAmAM AvI hoya te pachI mULapratamAM jyAM nukazAna pahoMcyuM hoya tevAM sthaLo sivAya A badhI ja UtarI AvelI pratilipionI upekSA karI zakAya. pATha-saMpAdanano mukhya siddhAMta e che ke pATha-saMpAdake pAThya graMthanA kevaLa svataMtra sAkSIono ja upayoga karavAno che ane tethI svataMtra pratomAMthI udbhavelI vyutpanna (derived) hastapratonuM svataMtra sAkSI tarIke kaI mUlya nathI athavA bhAgye ja kaMI mUlya che. AthI amuka viziSTa saMyogone bAda karatAM vartamAna mAtRpratamAMthI taiyAra karavAmAM AvelI pratilipione tyajI devAnI hoya che. paraMtu A hastaprato amuka AdarzapratamAMthI UtarI AvI hovA saMbaMdhe darzAvAyelAM pramANonI cakAsaNI khUba sAvacetIthI karavI jarUrI che. vyutpanna mAnelI hastapratonI upekSA karatAM pahelAM e pramANonI spaSTa rajUAta jarUrI che. ema paNa banI zake ke amuka hastapratanA pratilipikAre tenI mAtRpratano azuddha pATha subhaga tarka dvArA ane bIjI Adarzaprata sAthe tene sarakhAvIne sudhAryo hoya. ane jo bIjI Adarza prata sAthenI te sarakhAmaNI sAbita karI zakAya to tene sthaLe tenI pratilipi svataMtra sAkSI hovAno dAvo karI zake che, ane tenI sadaMtara avagaNanA karI zakAya nahi. jyAre mAtRta vartamAna na hoya, jema ke ra " ke "ja, tyAre tenA pAThanuM punarnirmANa tenA vaMzajonA abhisAkSya (pramANa) dvArA karI zakAya. jo ApaNe ApaNuM kArya yogya rIte karyuM hoya to " ane "ja nA je pATha ApaNe nirdhArita karyA haze te anukrame 4 , tathA 1, 3, 4 ane 5, 7 nA pATha karatAM anulekhanamAM thatI kSatiothI vadhu mukta haze. ane "no pATha koI paNa vartamAna hastapratanA pATha karatAM AvI truTiothI sauthI vadhu mukta haze. ahIM paNa mAtRpratanA nirdhAraNa arthe jemanuM svataMtra mUlya na hoya evI hastapratone avagaNI zakAya, jo ke AgaLanA kissAmAM darzAvelI sAvacetIo ane zarato lakSamAM levAvI joIe. AgaLa ApelA vaMzavRkSamAM "" ane "janA nirdhArita pATho kAM to paraspara maLatA AvatA hoya athavA maLatA na paNa AvatA hoya. jo teo maLatA Ave to

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samIkSAka saMrakaraNanI samasyA teo "nA pATha hovA joIe eTale ke te mULapATha hovA joIe. jo teo paraspara judA paDatA hoya to baMne "jJanA pATha hoI zake nahIM. eve samaye te bemAMthI eka "no pATha haze ane bIjo lahiyAnI anulekhanIya truTiyA Akasmika anumAnamAMthI udbhavelo haze. ahIM ApaNe be pATho vacce pasaMdagI karavAnI rahe che, jene "pAThAntara' (variants) kahe che, ane jemAMno eka "za' no pATha haze. AvA prasaMge, " ane "temaja 4 ne mAtRprata "nA "pAThAntara-dhAraka' (variant bearers) kahI zakAya. te ja prakAre ranI daSTie ra ane 3 pAThAntara-dhArako che. jo "je kuLanI be ja hastaprato - 5 ane 4 - vartamAna hoya to'nA pAThanuM nirdhAraNa kevaLa 5 ane nA pramANane AdhAre ja karavAnuM rahe. ane jayAre A benA pATha paraspara maLatA na Ave tyAre ApaNe A be upa-pAThAntaramAMthI ekanI pasaMdagI karavAnI rahe ane A rIte nirdhArita thayelo pATha ranuM pAThAntara banaze. . atyAra sudhI ApaNe je paddhati apanAvI temAM ApaNe mAnI lIdhuM hatuM ke "kSa e "kuLa (zAkhA) vacce mizraNa yA Antara saMyojana thayuM nathI. paranuM A eka Adarza paristhiti che, jenI kevaLa AzA ja sevI zakAya. kAraNa ke sAmAnya rIte hastaprato eka ja paraMparA-pravAhamAMthI evI ekarUpatAthI avataratI nathI. ghaNI hastaprato be yA vadhu vibhinna (kuLanI) hastapratonA saMmizraNa dvArA utpanna thayelI hoya che. pAThyagraMthonA saMcaraNanA vyavasthita kaDIbaMdha itihAsanA abhAvamAM temanA svataMtra saMcaraNamAM bhaLI gayelA vibhinna pravAhone zodhI kADhavA atyaMta kaThina che, kAraNa ke ghaNI vAra to pravAho prAraMbha kALathI ekabIjAmAM bhaLI gayelA jaNAya che. saMcaraNanA vibhinna pravAhonI ebIjAmAM bhaLI javAnI prakriyAne "saMmizraNa' yA "Antara mizraNa' kahe che. ane A rIte utpanna thayelI hastapratone saMmizrita hastaprata (conflated manuscripts) athavA 'mizraprata' (misch-codices) hastaprata kahe che. be hastapratonI tulanA dvArA pATha sudhArI zakAya che, e kaMI hamaNAMnI navI zodha nathI. devabodha ane arjunamizra jevA mahAbhAratanA TIkAkAro pAThabhedo yA pAThAntaronAM udAharaNo noMdhe che. vaLI zrI goDee temanA "Textual Criticism in the Thirteenth Century nAmanA lekhamAM madhyayugIna pATha-samIkSAnA eka rasaprada prayogano ullekha karyo che. nIce Apela AkRtimAM eka vaMzavRkSa darzAvyuM che, jemAM 5 ane 4 mizraprato che, je anukrame ane 4 tathA 1 ane 2nA saMmizraNa dvArA udbhavI che. 4. Woolner Commemoration Volume, pR. 10-108

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA + F A prakAranA saMmizraNane koI maryAdA hovI jarUrI nathI; ane teno vistAra jeTalo moTo hoya teTaluM ja e pAkyagraMthanA saMcaraNanuM pageruM zodhI kADhavuM muzkela bane che. vesTakoTa ane horTa jaNAve che - "anya pATho sAthenA saMmizraNathI pAThanI AMtarika zuddhine lAbha thaze yA hAni, teno nirNaya dekhItI rIte thaI zake nahi. ghaNAkharA kissAomAM lAbha tema ja hAni baMne thaze. paraMtu te baMne Akasmika hovA saMbhava che ane te baMnenuM paraspara pramANa-mApa paNa game te hoI zake. Ama A prakAranA saMmizraNathI AMtarika rIte vadhu guNavattA dharAvato pATha taiyAra thaze ke kema teno AdhAra, alabatta, saMmizraNa karanAra vyaktinI nirNayazakti ane antardaSTi para che. saMmizraNa yA Antara mizraNamAM pasaMdagInI taka rahelI che. AthI tenI sAthe pAThane sudhAravAnA anya prayAso paNa bhaLe te saMbhavita che. ane ema thAya to pAThane mATe bagaDavAnI pUrI saMbhAvanA rahe che. kAraNa ke vidvAno dvArA karavAmAM AvelAM saMzodhanomAM paNa pAThano sAcA arthamAM sudhAro gaNAya evo aMza bahu alpa hoya che. to pachI svAbhAvika rIte ja lahiyA dvArA thatAM saMzodhanamAM to sAcA arthamAM sudhAro gaNAya evo aMza tethI paNa alpatara hovAno. - saMmizrita hastapratanuM mUlya khAsa karIne eve prasaMge vizeSa rahe che jyAre je hastapratonA saMyojanamAMthI tenuM nirmANa thayuM hoya temAMnI ekAda lupta thaI hoya. Ave samaye tene lupta hastapratanA AvA pAThonA svataMtra sAkSI banavAnuM ane je anyathA sadAyane mATe lupta thayuM hota tevA satyanI nizAnIo sAcavavAnuM mAna maLe che. - saMmizraNano eka ati rasaprada kisso paMcataMtra'nI paraMparA saMbaMdhe che. sAmagrInA vigatavAra ane kALajIpUrvakanA abhyAsa dvArA eDagaraTana cAra svataMtra zAkhAonI sthApanA karavAno prayAsa kare che, je A pramANe darzAvI che : 5. posTageTa dvArA uddhata, Companion to Latin Studies, pR.795

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samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA 1. ra. 'tantrAkhyAyikA', saMkSipta rUpAntara (Simplicior) ane pUrNabhadra dakSiNI paMcatantra, nepALI paMcataMtra ane 'hitopadeza' 'bRhatkathA'nAM rUpAntaro (somadeva ane kSemendra dvArA nirmita) pahalavI rUpAntaro. 4. kSemendranI racanAno paNa keTaloka aMza prathama vargamAM mUkI zakAya, kAraNa dekhItI rIte ja teNe tantrAkhyAyikAno upayoga karyo che. AthI tenA pATha 52 tantrAkhyAyikAnI asara che ane AthI jyAre 2 ane 4 sAthe teno meLa besato hoya, paraMtu 1 sAthe nahi, tyAre ja te mahattvapUrNa bane. bIjI tarapha pUrNabhadre ochAmAM ochuM vibhinna zAkhA(paraMparA)no AMzika upayoga karyo che, je zAkhA anya koInI sAthe gauNa Antara saMbaMdha dharAvatI nathI. tethI ahIM ApaNane ochAmAM ochuM eka pAMcamI zAkhAnI nizAnIo prApta thAya che, je upalabdha pAThyagraMthomAM kyAMya zuddha ane amizrita rUpe dRSTigocara thatI nathI. pariNAme A pAMcamI kalpita zAkhA mATe pUrNabhadranuM mahattva eka svataMtra sAkSI tarIkenuM raheze. 45 3. vaMzAnukrama paddhati kharuM jotAM saMmizrita hastapratone Ama to lAgu pADI zakAya nahi. temanA Antara saMbaMdha ghaNuMkharuM chUTA pADavA muzkela hoya che. tema chatAM prasaMgopAtta A hastapratomAM amuka viziSTa prakAranI azuddhio athavA sArA pAThomAM samAnatA parathI dekhAI Avato eka sAmAnya taMtu ApaNe zodhI zakIe, jene AvA prakAranA anumAnanI sahAya vinA zodhI kADhavo kaThina banyo hota. AvI paristhitimAM hastapratonA keTalAka bhAgomAM ja vaMzAnukrama paddhati keLaLa AMzika rUpe lAgu pADI zakAze. koI vAra ema paNa bane ke je sAmAnya rIte avizvasanIya hoya ane je ghaNI vAra uddhRta karavA lAyaka na hoya evI hastapratomAM sArA pATha jovA maLe. AvI hastapratone jyAM temano purAvo pAThanA punarnirmANamAM sahAyaka hoya teve ja prasaMge uddhRta karI zakAya. ghaNA kissAomAM saMcaraNanA vibhinna pravAhonA jaTila mizraNane lIdhe ema paNa zakya che ke hastapratonA AnuvaMzika saMbaMdha eTalA aspaSTa hoya che ke vaMzAnukrama paddhatinA viniyoga mATe bhUmikA ja na jaNAya. udAharaNa tarIke, sva.sara rAmakRSNa gopAla bhAMDArakare temanA saMpAdana mATe 'mAlatImAdhava'nI je hastaprato upayogamAM lIdhI hatI temanI bAbatamAM paNa ema ja hatuM. dhAro ke , 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, ema cha hastaprato che ane saMcaraNa-pravAho (zAkhAo)nI dRSTie temano itihAsa spaSTa nathI. ApaNe ema kahI zakavAnI sthitimAM nathI ke , rU, 1, eka samAna pUrvajamAMthI UtarI Avela eka kuLa (zAkhA)nA sabhyo che, ane gha, ca, cha, bIjA kuLanA. tema chatAM teonI tulanA

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA dvArA ApaNane ema mAlUma paDe ke keTalAka sArA pATha , 3, 5, mAM samAna rUpe jovA maLe che paraMtu 2, 3, , mAM jovA maLatA nathI. A hakIkata parathI ema sUcita thAya che ke jyAM sudhI A pAThone lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI , , 5, nI pAse koI sArI hastaprata mUlasrota tarIke hatI, jo ke anya bAbatomAM temano mUlasrota bhinna yA saMmizrita hoI zake. pAThanirNayanI A paddhati eka ja hastaprata(dastAveja)nA svarUpanA pramANa(abhisAkSya). para AdhArita tathA ghaNI hastapratonA arthAt hastapratonA kuTuMbanI vaMzAvalInA pramANa para AdhArita ema be paddhatio vacceno madhyama mArga che. | upalabdha ane anupalabdha hastaprato (jemanA pAThonuM anumAna temanAmAMthI * UtarI AvelI upalabdha hastapratone AdhAre karI zakAya)nA pramANanA paddhatisara upayoga dvArA, jene ApaNe mUlAdarzano pATha (transmitted text) kahIe tyAM sudhI pahoMcI zakIzuM. A mUlAdarzano pATha vartamAna koI paNa hastapratanA pATha karatAM judo haze. te zreSTha pATha na paNa hoya, eTaluM ja nahi te sAro pATha ja hoya e paNa jarUrI nathI. paraMtu saMcaraNanI sIdhI paraMparAne lakSamAM letAM te sauthI prAcIna pATha haze, tema ja eka rIte sauthI zuddha paNa haze; ane te e rIte ke anulekhananI zodhI zakAya tevI kSatio, doSo ane anadhikRta sudhArA-vadhArAthI te ghaNuMkharuM mukta haze. amuka vartamAna hastapratonA lupta mUlAdarzanA punanirmANa(pAThanirdhAraNa)nI paddhatine samajavA mATe ApaNe eka kAlpanika daSTAMta laIe. dhAro ke koI eka pAThayagraMthanI nava hastaprato , , , 6, 2, 4, ga, za, Ta ApaNane upalabdha che. temanA pAThonI UMDI cakAsaNI ane paraspara sarakhAmaNI dvArA ema spaSTa thAya che ke A hastapratone va, va, , gha,ane 2, i , , 4, ema be varga yA kuLa (zAkhA)mAM vaheMcI zakAya ema che. A hakIkatane ApaNe A rIte paNa prastuta karI zakIe ke prathama cAra hastaprato eka anupalabdha samAna pUrvaja "kSa' mAMthI UtarI AvelI che ane bAkInI pAMca bIjA lupta samAne pUrvaja "" mAMthI UtarI AvelI che. have vadhu cakAsaNI karatAM ema paNa jaNAya ke pAMca hastapratonA kuLanuM traNa vadhu nAnA vargomAM vibhAjana thaI zake tema che : - 2, che ane . A nAnA vargo darzAve che ke 2 hastaprata badhAthI judI tarI Ave che. che ane Ta eka ja samAna pUrvaja "mAMthI UtarI AvelI che. ane temAM paNa Ta e che nI kevaLa pratilipi ja che; ane ga za lupta mAtRprata "ta'mAMthI UtarI AvelI che. prastuta udAharaNamAM sAmAnya akSaro dvArA darzAvAyelI hastaprato vartamAna che, jyAre avataraNa cihnamAM mUkelA akSaro anupalabdha yA avartamAna hastaprato sUcave che. ApaNe ema dhArI laIe ke saMcaraNa-paraMparAonuM saMmizraNa thayuM nathI. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to paraMparA vizuddha, ekarUpa che, ane koI paNa hastaprata saMmizrita (mizraprata) nathI. eTale ke "kSa'

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samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA ane "namAMthI utarI AvelAM kuLomAM ke'' zAkhAnA aMtargata nAnA vargomAM paraspara saMmizraNa thayuM hovAno koI purAvo nathI. have jo "ane lekhakanI mULaprata (svahastalekha) ane "jAne lupta mUlAdarza samajIe, jemAMthI "" ane "gha' zAkhAo vibhAjita thayelI che, to A hastapratonuM vaMzavRkSa A pramANe banaze? -- _kina + te va ) -Hi . jo "" ane "' ekarUpa che ema darzAvI zakAya to "janI jagyAe "'nI saMjJA mUkI zakAya. have ApaNe A badhI ja upalabdha hastapratonA pAThonI cakAsaNI karIe ane temane jhINavaTathI paraspara sarakhAvIe. jo ApaNane ema saMtoSa thAya ke ra e cha nI kevaLa pratilipi ja che, to ApaNe Ta hastapratanI tadana avagaNanA karI zakIe. alabatta cha mAMthI ra pratilipi taiyAra thaI te pachI je sthaLe che ne nukazAna pahoMcyuM hoya tevA pAThomAM Ta ne lakSamAM levI ghaTe. have ApaNe , 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, sa, (ane Ta paNa, upara darzAvelI zarata anusAra)nA pAThonA purAvAone AdhAre "T' nuM pAThanirdhAraNa kaI rIte zakya che te viSaya tarapha AvIe. (1) je pATha ATheya hastaprato (Ta hastapratano samAveza karIe to naveya hastaprato)mAM samAnarUpe jovA maLato hoya te "ma' no pATha hovo joIe. pATha-samIkSAno A mukhya svIkRta siddhAMta che ke jemane (ochevatte aMze) svataMtra hastaprato tarIke sAbita karI zakAya, tevI hastapratono samAna pATha mUlAdarzano mULa pATha hovo joIe. (2) jo "kSa zAkhAnA cAreya uttarAdhikArIomAM eka pATha hoya ane "' zAkhAnI pAMceya hastapratomAM bIjo pATha hoya to vaMzAnukrama paddhatinuM pramANa A bemAMthI

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA kyo pATha "T' no haze te bAbatamAM nirNaya karavAmAM ApaNane sahAyaka banatuM nathI. ahIM baMne zAkhAomAM prApta thatI hastapratonI saMkhyA mahattvanI nathI. temaja " zAkhAnA traNa nAnA vargo vacce paraspara samAnatA che, te hakIkata paNa A bAbatamAM mahattvanI nathI. pAThasamIkSAno eka pAyAno siddhAMta e che ke hastapratonI guNavattA mahattvanI che, zivul ! (Codices are to be weighed and noi counted). AthI "1' nuM samyapha pAThanirdhAraNa karavAmAM ubhaya pakSe hastapratonI kevaLa saMkhyA ApaNane sahAyarUpa banatI nathI. Ave vakhate "'nA pATha viSe saMpUrNa cokkasAI thaI zake nahi. anya bAbato sarakhI hoya to A be pAThamAMno eka pATha "jano pATha tyAre hoI zake ke jyAre bIjo pATha svIkRta pAThanuM apabhraSTa svarUpa che, ema anulekhanIya yA dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA dvArA darzAvI zakAtuM hoya. Ama udAharaNa tarIke jo , , ga, gha, hastaprato uttarIya vAcanA darzAvatI hoya ane teomAM "fghakitA' evo pATha jovA maLato hoya ane dakSiNI vAcanA darzAvatI bAkInI pAMca pratomAM 'viSTitA' pATha maLato hoya, to "fdhachitA' "T' no pATha hovo. joIe. kAraNa ke uttarIya lipimAM gha ane 2 lagabhaga sarakhA hovAthI dhiSThatA mAMthI viSThitA pATha apabhraSTa thayo hoya, te anulekhanIya saMbhAvanAnI dRSTie zakya che. (3) have ApaNe dhArI laIe ke "kSa' (athavA "')nA vaMzajo aMdara aMdara vaheMcAyelA che; jema ke "ta' nA pratinidhio (jJa ane 3) "T ane thI judA paDe che, paraMtu 2, 3, 5, , sAthe sAmya dharAve che. AvI paristhitimAM "'no pAThanirNaya "ta ne AdhAre karavo ke pachI "' ane 2 nA AdhAre karavo ? ahIM spaSTa che ke "'nuM pATha nirdhAraNa "ta' pramANe karavuM, kAraNa ke saMmizraNa yA Akasmika yogAnuyogane bAda karatAM ta' nuM , 3, 5, 6, sAthenuM maLatApaNuM e dhAraNAne AdhAre ja samajAvI zakAya ke "ta' mAM "la" tathA "' no samAna pATha sacavAyelo che, ane te ja "Tno paNa pATha hovo joIe. Ave vakhate "' ane 2 nA pAThanI apabhraSTa pATha yA azuddha pATha tarIke avagaNanA karavI joIe. jyAM jyAM zakya hoya tyAM vaMzAnukrama paddhatinA upayogathI be lAbha thAya che - (1) keTalAMka pAThAntaro dUra thatAM kArya saraLa bane che, ane (2) je pAThomAM badhA vaMzajo sAmya dharAvatA hoya te pAThonA nirNaya uparAMta "'nA keTalAka anya pAThonuM anumAna karavAnuM zakya bane che. * have ApaNe saMkSepamAM vividha anupalabdha hastapratonA pAThanirdhAraNanA viziSTa kissAo tapAsIe. AvI hastapratonuM astitva bhUtakALamAM koI tabakke (samaye) ApaNe svIkArIe to ja vartamAna hastapratonA pArasparika saMbaMdho samajAvI zakIe. upara ApelA * vaMzavRkSamAM -

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samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA (2) ta' hastapratanA pAThanuM nirdhAraNa A rIte thaI zake : (a) ka e rU nA pATha vacce sAmyane AdhAre. (ba) = athavA zu mAMthI game te ekanA bIjI hastaprato sAthenA sAmyane AdhAre, kAraNa ke "ra kuLamAM aMdaroaMdara pAThanI AvI samAnatA te pATha 5 mAMthI ja UtarI Avelo mULa pATha mAnIe to ja samajAvI zakAya. ta' ane , 3, , gha, vacce sAmya hoya tevA prasaMganI carcA to agAu thaI cUkelI che. A parathI ema tAraNa nIkaLe che ke na ane nI viziSTa kSatio, azuddhio yA apabhraSTa pAThone kAraNe "tano pATha zaMkAspada bane evuM sAmAnyataH thatuM nathI. jo ke jyAre ane nA pAThamAM paraspara visaMvAditA hoya temaja anya pratonA pATha sAthe paNa temano meLa maLato na hoya athavA jyAre temanAmAM amuka azuddhio ekabIjAthI nirapekSapaNe pravezelI hoya tyAre "tano pATha saMzayAtmaka banaze. te ja prakAre ane teTalI ja cokkasAI ke acokasAIpUrvaka "sa'nA pAThanA nirNaya "cha ane "tane AdhAre thaI zakaze. te ja rIte ane teTalI ja hade "januM pAThanirdhAraNa 1, "' ane "tane AdhAre ApaNe karI zakIe. "kSanA pATha A pramANe nirdhArita thaI zake : (a) , 3, 4, pa mAMthI game te be hastapratonA pATha maLatA Ave tene AdhAre, athavA (ba) A varganI game te be hastapratonA samAna pATha "gha' varganI hastaprato sAthe maLatA Ave tene AdhAre. kAraNa ke A prakAranuM sAmya te pATha "la" ane gha' nA samAna pATha hoya ane AthI "'nA pATha hoya ema mAnavAmAM Ave to ja samajAvI zakAya. jo , , , i paraspara maLatA AvatA na hoya tema ja "ja' thI paNa judA ja paDatA hoya ane Ama visaMvAdI pATha ApatA hoya to "kSano pATha saMzayAtmaka raheze. A parathI spaSTa thAya che ke , , , , , "' (4)

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA (5) (4), ga ane rU nA badhA ja viziSTa arthAta asamAna pATho "kSa' ane "gha'nA pAThanirdhAraNa mATe sAmAnya rIte nirarthaka che. AthI temanI upekSA karavI joIe. - A ja bAbata mUlAdarza "' jyAre "kSa" ane "' uparAMta vadhu saMcaraNanA pravAho (zAkhAo)mAM vibhakta thato hoya tyAre paNa samAnarUpe lAgu paDe che. ane "kSa" tathA "' nA pATha pAThanirdhAraNanA te ja niyamone AdhAre nirdhArita karI zakAya. mUlAdarza "nanA pAThanirdhAraNanI bAbatamAM paristhiti saheja judI che. jo saMcaraNa 8 ane "' ema be ja zAkhAomAM vibhakta thayuM hoya ane "" temaja "nA pATha maLatA AvatA hoya to, agAu khUbaja vigatavAra samajAvyuM che te pramANe, maLato Avato pATha "pano pATha samajavo. paNa je bane zAkhAnA pATho paraspara visaMvAdI hoya to te bemAMthI eka pATha "jano pATha haze; paraMtu AgaLa darzAvyuM te pramANe, vaMzAnukrama paddhati ApaNane ahIM madadarUpa thaI zake nahi anya bAbato sarakhI hoya to pAThanirdhAraNa mATe anulekhanIya (yA dastAvejIya) saMbhAvanA tathA Attara saMbhAvanA e baMnene lakSamAM levI paDaze. A muddAnI carcA have pachInA prakaraNamAM karavAmAM Avaze. (a) jo "kSa" ane "' kuLa (zAkhA)mAM darekanI mAtra eka ja hastaprata jema ke va ane ra ja sacavAI hoya to ApaNe na'no pATha AvI ja cokkasAIthI nirdhArita karI zakIe. te paristhitimAM va ane ra pAThAntara-dhArako (variant bearers) gaNAya. paraMtu jo "kSa" ane "'nA zarUAtathI ja dUSita pAThomAM saMcaraNa prakriyA daramyAna vadhu hAni pahoMce athavA to "kSa'no pATha azuddha hoya ane "'mAM te zuddha rIte sacavAyo hoya paraMtuM pAchaLathI TamAM azuddhi pravezI hoya to te pAThamAM apabhraSTatA arthAt vikRti anivAryapaNe rahI ja javAnI. (ba) jo , 2 ane 8 prato ja sacavAI hota to paNa AvI ja paristhiti sarjAta. 3 ane 4 no pATha samAna hoya paraMtu no pATha judo hoya to te ane "gha' (eTale ke , Ta)

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samIkSAtmaka kakaraNanI samasyA pAThAMtara-dhArako (variant-bearers) bane. jo ane ra nA pATha maLatA Ave paraMtu 2 thI judA paDe, athavA to 1, 2 nA pATha maLatA Ave paraMtu ra thI judA paDe, tyAre ekalA paDI gayelA pAThane nirarthaka samajavo. jo 1, 2 ane Ta e traNeyanA pATha paraspara visaMvAdI hoya to "' ke "gha' bemAMthI ekeyanuM nirdhAraNa vartamAna sAmagrIne AdhAre thaI zake nahi. Ave samaye sarvaprathama 2 ane e upa-pAThAMtaro (subvariants) ne AdhAre "ranuM pAThanirdhAraNa karavAno prayatna karavo joIe, jethI karIne A pAThAMtaro paNa vAcanAnI dRSTie jovA jatAM 5 nA pATha jeTalAM ja sarakhAM mahattvanAM bane. jo kevaLa va athavA raga athavA nA hastaprato ja sacavAI hoya to kevaLa "kSa' yA "' yA ' e mAtRpratonuM ja pAThanirdhAraNa zakya banaze ane A pratyeka lupta srota mATe te be vartamAna hastaprato pAThAMtara dhAraka (variant-bearers) banaze. (7) jo "I"nuM vibhAjana traNa (yA traNa karatAM vadhu) saMcaraNa pravAho (zAkhA)omAM thayuM hoya, jema ke "" "ane "jJa' (yA vadhu), to jAnuM pAThanirdhAraNa A upa-mUlAdarzI (sub-archetypes) mAMthI game te benA pAThasAmyane AdhAre karI zakAya. jayAre A zAkhAo(upa-mUlAdarzI)nA pAThono paraspara meLa besato na hoya athavA jyAre be vaccenuM sAmya Akasmika yA ekabIjAthI svataMtra yA nirapekSa prakAranuM hoya, eve prasaMge "1' nA pATha viSe saMpUrNa nizcitatA thaI zake nahi. upara darzAvelA tarka e dhAraNA para AdhArita che ke saMcaraNanI vibhinna zAkhAomAM AMtaramizraNa yA saMyojana thayuM nathI. have ApaNe A prakAranuM saMmizraNa yA pArasparika asara jyAM thaI hoya evA kissAo tapAsIe. udAharaNa tarIke, upalabdha hastaprato temanA mULa srotazAkhA)mAMthI zruta thAya ane vibhinna sroto (zAkhAo) sAthe saMmizrita bane, jema ke "kSa' ane ' (viruddha "1') athavA "" ane "3" (viruddha ja) athavA "gha' ane "jJa' (viruddha "kSa') to "la", "ra" ane "' nA je ekalavAyA pAThone sAmAnya saMyogomAM nirarthaka samajI avagaNavAmAM Ave te badhA ja "' nA pATha

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA nirdhAraNamAM "mAnya pAThAMtaro (Presumptuous Variants) banaze. kAraNa ke "" "' ane "3" e sarva paraspara saMmizrita che. ane tethI game te benA samAna pATha trIjAthI judA paDe tyAre ApaNane mUlAdarzanA punanirmANamAM sarakhA mahattvanAM be pAThAMtara prApta thaze. je nizcitapaNe mizraprato gaNAI hoya tevI hastapratone A siddhAMto lAgu pADavAmAM AvyA hoya tevuM vyavahAru udAharaNa mahAbhAratanA samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNamAM jovA maLe che. mahAbhAratanuM vaMzavRkSa ahIM be mukhya zAkhAomAM vaheMcAyeluM che. uttarIya (N) ane dakSiNI (S). uttarIya zAkhA paNa be upazAkhAomAM vibhakta thAya che , ane . samIkSAtmaka cakAsaNI darzAve che ke anyanI sarakhAmaNImAM zuddha kahevAya tevI ja hastapratanA pATha paNa saMmizraNathI mukta nathI. mahAbhAratanA temanA upadyAta (Prolegomena)mAM sukathanakara jaNAve che ke pAThanI prAmANikatA viSenA sarva tarko pAchaLano mukhya siddhAMta jemane ochevatte aMze svataMtra rUpAntaro sAbita karI zakAya evAM rUpAMtaro vacce dhArI lIdhela maulika sAmyano che. AvA svataMtra pATho-vAcanAo ane rUpAntaro vaccenA sAmyamAMthI uddabhavato niyama sahelAIthI samajAya tevo ane viniyogamAM saraLa che. kevaLa tenuM kAryakSetra jarA maryAdita che. jyAM bhinnatA hoya tyAM muzkelIo pedA thAya che ane sAmAnya rIte evuM ja banatuM hoya che. AthI jayAM bhinnatA jaNAI che tyAM saMpAdake uparyukta niyamanA upasiddhAMta rUpe evA pAThane pasaMdagI ApI che jene dekhItI rIte ja ochevatte aMze svataMtra kahevAya tevAM vadhumAM vadhu rUpAntarono Teko hoya tathA jene aMtaraMga saMbhAvanA dvArA paNa puSTi prApta thatI hoya. AvA kissAomAM maulikatAnI dhAraNAne ghaNIvAra visaMvAdI rUpAntaro vacce nizcita prakAranA sAmyane abhAve samarthana maLe che. paraMtu jayAre dvividha sAmya jovA maLe arthAt pratyeka vAcanAmAM be ke vadhu vargo vacce sAmya jovA maLe tyAre kharI muzkelI pedA thAya che. ahIM sAmAnya rIte bemAMthI eka pATha Akasmika hovo joIe kAraNa ke baMne pATha bhAgye ja mULanAM pATha hoI zake. ane jo baMne samAna rIte Attara saMbhAvanAte saMtoSatA hoya to bemAMthI game te ekane svIkArI zakAya. AvA pAThomAM ubhaya pakSe saMbhAvanAonuM samatolapaNuM hoya che ane pasaMdagI muzkela bane che. A prasaMge ja je sAkSI (hastaprata) cokasAInI bAbatamAM sarvottama jaNAto hoya tene vizeSa prAdhAnya ApI zakAya. tadanusAra sukathanakare s,K vargano pATha svIkAryo che. jyAre be vAcanAomAM be vaikalpika pATho jovA maLe jemAMno eke ya bIjAmAMthI udbhavyo hovAnI zakyatA na hoya ane baMnenI AMtarika guNavattA sarakhI ja hoya (uttarIya dakSiNI) tyAre pasaMdagI atyaMta kaThina bane che. baMne vAcanAomAM

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samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI samasyA 53 saMbhAvanAonuM samatolapaNuM hoya che. kevaLa AvA prasaMgoe ja je sAkSI (hastaprata) cokasAInuM sarvottama pramANa Apato hoya tene pasaMdagI ApavAno siddhAMta svIkArIne vadhu vizvasanIya sAkSIne kAmacalAu avejI tarIke susaMgatapaNe apanAvI zakAya, jethI vibhinna rUpAntaronuM anAvazyaka ane vivekazUnya (avyavasthita) mizraNa pedA na thAya. jyAre A badhI kasoTIo niSphaLa jAya athavA kevaLa niSedhAtmaka pariNAma darzAve tyAre sukathanakare evA pAThane svIkAravAnI paddhati apanAvI hatI ke je pAThamAMthI anya pATho uddabhavyA hovAnuM sauthI vadhu sArI rIte samajAvI zakAya. A rIte, 1, 98, 18mAM samud>samudra, samUde, samRddha ItyAdi. AvA prasaMgoe ghaNIvAra kaThinatara pATha (lectio difficilior) athavA ArSa prayoga (archaism) athavA vyAkaraNanI dRSTie azuddha prayoga (solecism) sAco pATha hovAnuM sAbita thayuM che, jenuM nivAraNa karavAnI IcchAmAMthI navA pAThano janma thato hoya che. te ja rIte, jyAre vartamAna hastaprato saMmizrita hoya tyAre bhinna bhinna rUpAntaronA upa-mUlAdarzonA pAThonA punanirmANamAM naDatI muzkelI mahAbhAratanI hastapratonA abhyAsamAMthI prApta thayela nIcenI vicAraNAo parathI samajI zakAya. sukathanakara lakhe che - dhAro ke ApaNe amuka rUpAntara(graMtha)no adhikRta pATha taiyAra karavA mATe tenI cha hastaprato tapAsIe chIe. ahIM evuM banI zake ke temAMnI cAra hastaprato (G1, 2,4,5), je mizraprato che, temAM eka pATha che; tyAre mAtra be (G 3,6) mAM ja sAco mULa pATha che. AvI paristhitimAM pAThAntaronA sAcA mULa svarUpanuM anumAna kevaLa A rUpAntara(G)nA pAThomAMthI thaI zake nahIM. e to anya rUpAntaro (T athavA M athavA N)nA avalokana dvArA ja thaI zake. vAstavamAM anya rUpAntaronA parAmarza sivAya amuka rUpAntaranI hastapratomAM saMmizraNa thayuM che ke nahi (jo saMmizraNa thayuM hoya to) te zodhI kADhavAno koI upAya nathI. Ama eka vAta spaSTa thAya che, ke A prakaraNamAM je Adarza prakAranI ApaNe carcA karI che temAM, jene AdhAre ApaNe graMthanI adhikRta vAcanAnuM punarnirmANa karavAnuM che te vartamAna hastapratonA svarUpa pramANe vyavahAramAM yathocita parivartana karavuM Avazyaka bane che. zakya hoya tyAM vartamAna hastapratonA nizcita kuLa(vaMza)ne zodhI kADhavAnA kAryanuM mahattva nIcenI hakIkata parathI AMkI zakAya : dhAro ke koI eka hastaprata tenI mUlapratanA pAThane saMpUrNa rIte sAcavI rAkhe che tathA tenI paraMparA zuddha ane amizrita svarUpe jaLavAI rahe che, paraMtu tenI mUlaprata tema 6. Prolesomema, pR.81.*

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paja bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA ja te mULa pratamAMthI niSpanna anya hastaprato sAtheno teno AnuvaMzika saMbaMdha sthApI zakAyo nathI. udAharaNa tarIke, upara darzAvelA vaMzavRkSamAM jo "'mAMthI anulekhana daramyAna cha mAM koI viziSTa truTio dekhAya nahIM, to Ta pratilipi sIdhI ''mAMthI taiyAra thaI che ke cha dvArA taiyAra thaI che teno ApaNe nirNaya karI zakIe nahIM. have dhArI laIe ke kevaLa Ta ane cha ja hastaprato upalabdha hoya to ya e mAnya "pAThAntara-dhAraka banaze. paraMtu bIjI tarapha jo ApaNe saMcaraNa-paraMparAnA itihAsamAM vadhu UMDA UtarIe to ApaNe Ta nI saMpUrNapaNe upekSA karavAnI rahe. Ama AnuvaMzika saMbaMdhano nirNaya na thatAM tenA je vyaktigata pATho vAstavika truTio hoya te sarvenI paNa cakAsaNI karavI jarUrI bane. che. te ja rIte jyAre pratilipikAra tenI AdarzapratamAMnA doSane Akasmika anumAna dvArA sudhAre paraMtu khullI rIte teno ekarAra na kare tyAre evo bhAsa thavAno saMbhava che ke te pATha mATe tenI pratilipi tenI potAnI Adarza-prata karatAM koI bIjA mUlagnotane anusarI che. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to ahIM hastaprata-samUhanuM vargIkaraNa karanAra vyakti koI prakAranA saMmizraNanI kalpanA kare te saMbhavita che. paraMtu lahiyAnA tarkasaMgata anumAnane pariNAme je sAcA pATha jovA maLe temane samIkSAnI dRSTie anya dalIlone AdhAre dUra karI zakAya nahi. AthI eka zuddha paraMparA-pravAhamAM ke mizra paraMparA-pravAhomAM hastapratonA pArasparika saMbaMdha(vaMzAnukrama)no nirNaya karatI vakhate khUba ja sAvadhAnI rAkhavI jarUrI che. - lekhakonA athavA temanA hastalikhita graMthanA nizcita kAlakramanA abhAvamAM vartamAna hastapratonA tulanAtmaka parIkSaNa(saMtulana)nA samIkSAtmaka vizleSaNa dvArA punarnimita mUlAdarza ane graMthakArano svahastalekha abhinna che ke nahi te kahevuM zakya nathI. mUlAdarza mUlaprata(svahastalekha)thI abhinna paNa hoI zake, ane tenAthI pAchaLano paNa hoI zake. jo mUlAdarza mUlaprata pachIno hoya to te svahastalekhanI prathama pratilipi hoI zake athavA vartamAna hastapratone AdhAre jenuM pAThanirdhAraNa karI zakAya tevI prAcInatama aMtarvartI (intermediate) prata hoya. paraMparAnI vibhinna zAkhAo vacce athavA to lupta mAtR-prata ane saMrakSAyelI hastaprato vacce saMcaraNanA keTalA tabakkA pasAra thayA haze tenuM nizcayAtmaka kathana hamezAM zakya nathI.

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prakaraNa - 5 saMcarita pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhionAM kAraNo pAThyagraMthanA yogya saMskaraNa mATenuM pramukhe kartavya dastAvejIya pramANo (hastaprato) je A pramANe UrtarI AvatA lakhANanA prAthamika sAkSIo che, temanI noMdha levI ane temanA samaya ane svarUpane AdhAre teomAMnI kaI hastaprato sauthI vadhu vizvasanIya che teno nirNaya karavo te che. ghaNuMkharuM A dvArA ApaNe lekhakanI mULapratanI ThIkaThIka najIka pahoMcIe chIe, chatAM evA keTalAka paricchedo to bAkI rahe che je, jemAM mULa lekhake lakhyA hoya te ja zabdo na saMgrahAyA hoya. temanI saMkhyA graMthanA svarUpa ane itihAsane AdhAre ochIvattI hoI zake. AvA paricchedone sAmAnya rIte azuddha (corrupt) kahevAmAM Ave che. ane ApaNe AvI azuddhione pAThamAM rahevA daIe te pUrve temanuM nivAraNa athavA "saMzodhana thaI zake tema che ke kema te ApaNe cakAsavuM joIe. jo ema pramANita thAya ke pAThano amuka aMza taddana naSTa thaI gayo che ane tenuM koI cihna avaziSTa nathI to te hAni na sudhArI zakAya tevI gaNAya, ane evA saMjogomAM pATha-saMpAdake pAThano lukhAMza cIvaTapUrvaka noMdhavo joIe. paraMtu ghaNAkharA azuddha paricchedomAM evuM banatuM hoya che ke pATha azuddha hoya che paraMtu saMpUrNapaNe naSTa thato hoto nathI ane saMzodhana dvArA * ochIvattI saMbhAvanA anusAra tenuM punarnirmANa zakya hoya che. upalabdha pramANone AdhAre dekhItI rIte AvA azuddha paricchedo sahita pAThane saphaLatApUrvaka mULa svarUpa ApavA mATe pAThane azuddha banAvanArAM kAraNo samajavAM ane cakAsavAM joIe.' ApaNe pUrve joI gayA te pramANe saMcArita pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhio daSTidoSa para AdhArita ane mAnasazAstrIya, Akasmika athavA vicArapUrvaka thayelI tathA anaicchika, ardha-aicchika athavA aicchika prakAranI hoya che. ATalA anubhava chatAM anulekhana karavAmAM thatI azuddhio athavA levAtI chUTachATonuM saMpUrNa vargIkaraNa vivecako dvArA thaI zakyuM nathI. jeba lakhe che ke - IrAdApUrvakanAM parivartana pAchaLanA Azayo athavA gaMbhIra bhUlo tarapha dorI jatI AkasmikatAonI sUcI banAvavI azakya che; kAraNa ke pATha

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pada bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA paraMparAmAM pratilipIkaraNa yaMtro dvArA nahi, paraMtu mAnavI dvArA karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. alabatta, anubhava ApaNane zIkhave che ke nIce darzAvelI vividha prakAranI kSationuM punarAvartana alaga alaga pramANamAM hoya che ane saMzayAtmaka prasaMgoe teomAM judI judI saMbhAvanAo samAyelI che. pATha-samIkSAnA A vibhAgano pAyo majabUta banAvavA mATe jemanA mUlasrota kharekhara upalabdha hoya (ane jemanA pAThone sAmAnya rIte ApaNA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanamAM ApaNe lakSamAM na laIe) evI hastapratone AdhAre bhinna bhinna samayanA gALA, sAhitya-prakAra ane lekhananAM sthaLa pramANe temanA saghaLA vyaktigata doSonI sUci banAvavI jaIe ane prakAro pramANe emanuM vargIkaraNa karavuM joIe. tyAra bAda saMskaraNa (recension) dvArA jemanA mUlasrotanuM nizcayAtmaka rIte punirnirmANa karI zakAya tevI hastapratonA vyaktigata doSo tarapha javuM joIe; A bAbatamAM sarvaprathama karavAnuM kAma e che ke jemanA mUlasrotanuM nirdhAraNa pATha-cayana (pATha-pasaMdagI) dvArA zakya hoya evI hastapratone jemanA mULasrotanuM nirdhAraNa anumAna yA tarka dvArA zakya hoya evI hastapratothI alaga pADavI joIe. hAlane tabakke A azuddhionuM vargIkaraNa vividha rIte thaI zake. hole darzAveluM vargIkaraNa svIkArIe to azuddhione A pramANe vibhAjita karI zakAya : 1. aspaSTatAo ane temane nivAravAnA prayAsa : . (1) sAmAnya akSaro ane varSo saMbaMdhI avyavasthA (2) sAmAnya sAdazyane kAraNe zabdonA anulekhanamAM thatI bhUla saMkSipta rUpo(contractions)nuM khoTuM arthaghaTana zabdone khoTI rIte bhegA lakhavA athavA zabdanuM khoTuM vibhAjana karavuM te (5) zabdonA atyAkSaro (pratyayo) ekabIjAmAM bheLavI devA | (assimilation) ane najIkanI vAkyaracanAnI asara varNonuM sthaLAMtara arthAt krama-parivartana(anagrammatism) ane vAkyonuM sthaLAMtara; vAkyo, vibhAgo, ane pRSTho alaga paDI javAM te (7) saMskRtanuM prAkRta yA prAMtIya bhASAmAM temaja prAkRta yA prAMtIya bhASAnuM saMskRtamAM khoTuM rUpAMtara (8) uccAra-bhedane kAraNe thatI bhUla (9) AMkaDAonI avyavasthA goTALo) * (6)

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saMcarita pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhionAM kAraNo , pas. (10) vyaktivAcaka nAmomAM avyavasthA (11) aparicita zabdone sthAne paryAyavAcI athavA paricita zabdono vinyAsa (12) jUnI joDaNIne badale navI joDaNIno prayoga (13) prakSepa (interpolation) athavA ajANatAM thayelI bhUlonAM pariNAmane sudhAravAno prayAsa 2. lopa (Omissions) : (14) samAkSaralopa (Haplography) arthAta samAna prAraMbha yA aMtavALA zabdo yA akSaro rahI javA te (15) akSaralopa (Lipography : Parablepsia) arthAt koI paNa prakArano sAmAnya lopa 3. umerA (Additions) : (16) taratanA yA najIkanA saMdarbhathI punarAvRtti (Ditography) (17) be paMktio vaccenuM yA hAMsiyAmAM lakhAyeluM TippaNa umeravuM te (18) prakSipta pATho yA pAThAMtarono samAveza (Conflated readings) (19) samAna viSayavALI anya racanAonI asara taLe thatA umerA. AmAMnI keTalIka kSationAM udAharaNa nIce ApavAmAM AvyAM che. A kSatiomAM lahiyAnI IcchAzakti keTalA pramANamAM che ke nathI tenA AdhAre temane ApaNe anaicchika' (involuntary) athavA "yAMtrika' (mechanical), "ardha-aicchika (Semi-voluntary) ane "aicchika' (voluntary)ema traNa prakAre vibhAjita karI zakIe. anaicchika (Involuntary) (athavA yaMtravata) (Mechanical) azuddhio :. netradoSa : () akSaronI bhAtti : A samasyAno ukela purAlipizAstranA pramANa dvArA ja lAvI zakAya. udAharaNa tarIke, devanAgarI, je jaina sAhityanI vilakSaNatA che, temAM nIcenA akSaromAM ghaNI vAra adalAbadalI thatI jovA maLe che: (1) 3, 3 ane 2 (2). stha ane cha (3) tha ane 5 (4) karma ane jJa (5) , ddha, Tu, Tu, ane rR. thoDAM udAharaNothI A spaSTa thaze.

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va mahAvIracarita - stha o : O 1, 1 svasthAya > svacchAya E : A 2,13 mahAoso > mahAvAso Bo : 1 1, 4 vAyaniSyanta - > vAvayaniSpanTu - K, Bo, E vagere. 3, 40 kalpApAya > kalyANAya U].. : 5 3, 40 pApAya > tyAgAya Md, Mt, Mg sAmAnya rIte AvI bhUlo tyAre thatI hoya che ke jyAre lahiyo evI pratanI nakala karato hoya jenuM lakhANa aparicita hoya ane jemAM potAne paricita lipi jevA ja akSaro yA cihno AvatAM hoya paraMtu bhinna artha darzAvatAM hoya. A rIte 41 je mahAbhAratanA AdiparvanI zAradA lipivALA namUnAnI Adhunika ane azuddha pratilipi hovA chatAM ThIka ThIka vizvasanIya pratilipi che, temAM zAradA ane devanAgarInA mULAkSaromAM keTalAka akSaromAM dekhAtI bhrAmaka samAnatAmAMthI pedA thatI avyavasthA dRSTigocara thAya che. lahiyo ghaNI vAra # ne badale ma, tA ne badale 3, tha ne badale haiM (Ama tathA ne badale 3), RR ne badale haiM, ma athavA 7 ne badale jJa, nIce joDelA 'va'ne badale 3 kAra, vR badale vya, tra ne badale tu, trane badale tta, nya ne badale ya, ttva ne badale zru, nIce joDelA ta ne sthAne 3 kAra, ta ne sthAne tra, jya ne badale haiM vagere lakhe che. bhAratIya purAlipizAstra paranA koI paNa sArA pustakamAMthI judI judI lipiomAM pracalita vibhinna varNonI saMpUrNa vigato prApta thaze. A parathI eka ja lipimAM jemAM ekane sthAne bIjo varNa bhUlathI mukAI javAnI saMbhAvanA rahe tevA varNonI tathA judI judI lipiomAM dekhItI rIte sarakhA hoya paraMtu judo artha darzAvatA hoya evA vargonI sUci taiyAra karI zakAya. bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA ya < (jI) akSaro yA varNono lopa H khAsa karIne varNanI upara lakhAtAM svaracihnono lopa, jenuM eka udAharaNa upara darzAvyuM cheH vaso 8 voso. mahAbhArata 1,142,25 pRthaiva so vinatine sthAne D mAM vinasi` ema pATha che. sarakhAvo TGvinaziSyatti. A bhUla zrutidoSane kAraNe paNa hoI zake. EUR varNalopanAM udAharaNo - rAmAyaNa 1,28: ye makriSayavAsina: D mAM ya UDI gayo che ane viSavAsinaH evo pATha che. A mAM ye ne sthAne 6 samajavAmAM Avyo che ane tene uDAvI devAmAM Avyo che. 1,5: nAnAnAnivAsina: ahIM D, mAM 7 no lopa thayo che. A lopa najIkanA varNonI asarane kAraNe thayo hovA saMbhava che. ane jo ema hoya to Ane nIce darzAvelA (juo nIce (6)) Homoiographon nA udAharaNa tarIke ApavuM paDe.

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saMcarita pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhionAM kAraNo (1) varNaviparyaya : arthAta akSaro yA varNonuM sthaLAMtara (Anagrammatism) - mahAvIracarita 3, 37, jJAnena pAmyo ne badale Mt ane Md mAM jJAne va nAnyo pATha che. (saMbhavataH pAThanuM khoTuM vibhAjana jJAne-1-na-pAnyo Ane mATe kAraNabhUta hoI zake.) rAmAyaNa 1,231 triAvaLaava > D pR (5) varNavRddhi (vividha kAraNavaza)H mahAvIracarita 1,2* mahApuraSasaMmmo > B0 0samArambho. Che (6) zabdonI avyavasthA : bhASAmAM koI paNa zabdo vacce keTalIka bAbatomAM asamAnapaNuM hoya paNa temanuM sAmAnya maLatApaNuM tene DhAMkI devA pUratuM hoya to te zabdomAM garabaDa thavA saMbhava che. (4) samavarNalopa arthAta lakhANanI samAnatAne lIdhe akSaro, varNo, zabdo yA paMktio chUTI javI te (Homoiographon) : jyAre samAna akSaro ekabIjAnA sAnnidhyamAM hoya tyAre te lopane 'samAkSaralopa truTi' (haplography) kahe che. jema ke mahAbhArata 1, 103, 133 mAM K D D mAM abhyasUyayAm ne badale amyasUyAm pATha che. samavarNalopa (Homoiographon) nuM udAharaNa mahAvIracarita 2, 7mAM srotogaLo ne sthAne I mAM srotamaLo; 3, 186 pASanDa bDI > pAvaNDI Bo; 3, 193 - 15 0 prasavapAMsana > prasavAsana E - (7) punarAvartana, punarlekha (Dittography) vagere : varNo, varNasamUho, zabdo ane paMktio eka vArane badale be vAra (yA tethI paNa vadhu vAra) lakhavA te. jema ke - mahAbhArata 1, 57, 21 : hAsyarUpe zara: > K 1mAM hAmyahAmya -0 (je hAsyahAsya-0nuM apabhraSTa rUpa che.) A punarlekha (dittography)nuM spaSTa udAharaNa che. (na) kevaLa bedarakArIne lIdhe varNasamUho, zabdo, yA paMktio chUTI jAya te H jema ke mahAvIracarita 2,99 -abhinnaranti > avanti E ardha-aicchika (Semivoluntary) ane aicchika (Voluntary) azuddhio : (ka) uccAra-doSa : jyAre koI anya vyakti lakhAve te anusAra lahiyo potAnI hastapratanuM anulekhana karato hoya tyAre uccAragata azuddhio pravezavAno saMbhava rahe che. A rIte AgaLanA vibhAganA (kha) mAM mahAbhArata 1,142,25mAMthI je uddharaNa ApyuM hatuM, temAM D no vinati e pATha uccAraNanI dRSTie vini-tine taddana maLato Ave che. paraMtu Ane zrutidoSa ja gaNavo e bahu jarUrI nathI. kAraNa ke

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA lahiyAo dvArA je varNo yA varNasamUho sAMbhaLavAmAM kAnane sarakhA jaNAya temanI adalAbadalI thavAnI saMbhAvanA rahe che, pachI bhale najare jotAM teo vacce samAnatA na paNa hoya. (kha) zabdakhaMDo athavA AkhA zabdonuM sthaLAntara - jema ke rAmAyaNa 1,96 -a vavanAmRvat > B, vana vimavI; 1, 11 tasmin aa sa tvayA > A tasmina kAle tvayA sh| mahAvIravarita 1,13 maithitastha rAnaE >T1 ra ranarjethi70; 1,14 nIca >T, cat zid, 3, MAre kanakvan puruSAdhama > Mg? puruSArthanuM manadvamahAbhArata 1,1,25 ghAte yak dinAtipa: > D1 yaduM thAta digatima (chaMdanI dRSTie. doSayukta). (ga) eka yA vadhu paMktionuM sthaLAMtara : A prakAranuM sthaLAMtara vAstavamAM kSatipUrti doSa gaNI zakAya. pratilipikArane pAchaLathI khyAla Ave che ke tenAthI eka ke vadhu paMktio akasmAta lakhavAnI rahI gaI che. ane tenA pAnAmAM chekachAka karavA karatAM athavA tenI sAdhanasAmagrI temaja samayanI barabAdI karavA karatAM te rahI gayelA aMzane hAMsiyAmAM athavA patrane aMte lakhe che. ane sAmAnya rIte te aMzanuM anusaMdhAna kyAM karavAnuM che te sAMketika cihna dvArA darzAve che. pachIno bIjo pratilipikAra te cihnane dhyAnamAM rAkhI te paMktine yogya sthaLe mUkavAnuM bhUlI jAya e ghaNuM saMbhavita che, ane pariNAme tenI hastapratamAM te paMktio sadAne mATe khoTI jagyAe mukAI jAya che, jema ke- kapUramaMjarInA prathama aMkamAM hastaprata T mAM zloka 2 ane 4 nI adalAbadalI thayelI che, te ja rIte hastaprata NR mAM sAtamo zloka AThamA pachI mukAyo che. (gha) vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI temaja anya prakAranA saMdarbhanuM AtmasAkaraNa : jema ke rAmAyaNa 1,12'tva tirdi ma mama > Adi matirmama; 1, 16 vRtaH zatAtre, vAnarA tasvinAm >A (K) zatadaaiza vAnara' e bahuvacananI asara nIce ahIM paNa bahuvacana thayuM. 1.8 tata: putinAMza nizaiva mAta > B (K) mAM krAMtindrAMza A parivartana prathama pAdamAM putindra zabdanI asara nIce thayuM che. mahAbhArata 1,96,8 mAhUra TrAnaM vanyAnAM guNavatJ: mRta vurdhaH >T) mAM guNavaH pATha che. mRtam sAthe saMkaLAyelA vRdhe ne kAraNe ahIM paNa tRtIyA thaI. (Da) zabdonI khoTI rIte joDa-toDa : eka samaye zabdo bhegA ja lakhAtA. pachI jayAre zabdone chUTA lakhavAnI prathA pracalita thaI tyAre zabdonuM khoTI rIte vibhAjana

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saMcarita pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhionAM kAraNo yA joDANa thAya te saMbhavita che. mahAvIracaritamAMthI agAu uddhRta karelI paMkti ahIM paNa vicArI zakAya : mahAvIracarita 3,37 jJAnena nAno > zAne na pAmyo > Mt Md jJAne ca nAnyo. 1 tevI ja rIte gItAno suprasiddha zloka - ahaM vaizvAnaro mUtvA - Aje paNa ajJAnI pAThako dvArA ahaM hai zvA no bhUtvA e rIte samajAvavAmAM Ave che. mahAbhArata 1,96,47 annavIT haiM satIne badale annavIddhasatI'; 3,69,25 0tram paN azomanam ne badale traM paramazobhanam. (2) samAnArthI yA viruddhArthI zabdo yA zabdasamUho yA upasargonI adalAbadalI : A rIte aSi ane ami athavA ati mAM ghaNIvAra adalAbadalI thAya che. sarakhAvoH rAmAyaNa 1, 164 adhiAvDa vize pUrvAm >A K, amiLa%00. sukathanakare mahAbhAratanA upodghAta(Prolegomena)mAM (pR.37) mahAbhAratamAMthI chaMdanI dRSTie samAnatA dharAvatA paryAyavAcaka zabdonI eka lAMbI sUci ApI che. te ja rIte zabdasamUho mATe paNa che. Ama zabdonI adalAbadalInA udAharaNa tarIke ApaNe narezvara - narAdhipa, 1. DaoN. vI.esa. suthanakara A paMktine A rIte samajAve che : 'hasatI' zabdamAM arthanI puSTatA,sacoTatA na hovAne kAraNe te kevaLa pAdapUraNa zabda che. aNIne samaye te nakharAMno bhAva darzAve che, je te pAtravizeSa(aMbA)nA vartana sAthe taddana asaMgata che. paraMtu 'haiM satI' mAM 'satI' zabda arthapracura che. kuruvaMza sAthenAM tenAM A lagna tenI potAnI pasaMdagI karatAM paNa caDhiyAtAM hatAM. zAlva sAthe tenuM vidhisaranuM vAgnAna paNa thayuM na hatuM. ane potAno mobho sudhAravA te saraLatAthI zAlvane tarachoDI zakI hota. te to tene kevaLa mAnasika rUpe ja varI hatI (manasA vRta:). paraMtu pote 'mI' srI hovAne kAraNe potAnI pasaMdagImAMthI te pAchI phare nahi (sarakhAvo - sAvitrI paNa) ane te satI (pavitra kanyA) hovAne lIdhe ja parazurAma tene mATe bhISma sAme laDyA hatA. teNe zivanI ArAdhanA karI temanI pAsethI varadAna meLavyuM te paNa Ane lIdhe ja. eka 'satI' tarIke bhISma pratyeno teno dveSa bIjA janme paNa cAlu rahe che ane zikhaMDI rUpe punarjanma pAmI te bhISmano vadha kare che. Ama A samasta saMdarbhamAM satI zabda keTalo arthapUrNa che te ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. hasatI pATha levAthI A artha DhaMkAI jAya che ane tene laTakALI srIrUpe darzAvI samasta arthasaMdarbhane bagADI mUke che. ApaNe ghaNIvAra evo artha svIkAravA prerAIe chIe je artha ApaNane kadAca saMtoSa Ape paraMtu prAcIna RSionI vicArasaraNIthI ADe raste jato hoya. -

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA narottama-nararSama, ane zabdasamUhanI adalAbadalI mATe "ni:zvasataM yathA naY' nI sAme 'samiva patram' noMdhI zakIe. | (cha) dekhItI rIte binamahattvanA jaNAtA zabdo umeravA yA kADhI nAkhavA te AmAM ghaNuM karIne ekAkSarI avyayo (nipAto yA upasargo), sAmAnya avyayo ane ubhayAnvayI avyayono samAveza thAya che. jema ke paMcataMtra : TA 13 : thAtra mavAna i vartunAma: SP 111 3tha mana vikSyati Hp 55.4 ane Hm 14.5 maNa bravIti. (ja) khoTAM saMsmaraNo yA smRtidoSa : koIvAra ema banavA saMbhava che ke lahiyA samakSanA paricchedamAMnI koI eka vastune kAraNe tene koI bIjI vastunuM smaraNa thAya ane pariNAme te tenAM netro samakSa hoya te lakhavAne badale je tenA manamAM hoya te vastu lakhI nAkhe. " jemake mahAbhArata 5,127, 29mAM vandriya nitAmatya pATha che paraMtu K D, T, G,,, -mAM nitAtmAne evo pATha jovA maLe che. A pATha zloka 22mAM vinitAtmA ane ra7mAM nitAtmA zabda AvelA hovAne pariNAme che, je lahiyAnI smRtimAM sacavAyelA che. () hAMsiyAmAMnA lakhANano graMthamAM samAveza karavo te H A lakhANamAM samajUtI athavA bhASya, udAharaNarUpa uddharaNo yA vAcakonI TIkA-TippaNa hoI zake. A rIte "saMdezarAsakanI hastapratamAM (bhAMDArakara InsTiTyUTamAMnA hastapratonA sarakArI saMgrahano kramAMka 181/1881-82) graMthamAM ja AvI gayelI keTalIka chaMdonI vyAkhyAone mukhya pAThamAM samAvavAmAM AvI che. mULamAM A paricchedo hAMsiyAmAM lakhAyelA hovA joIe ane pAchaLathI graMthanA pAThamAM pachInA koI pratilipikAre samAvI lIdhA hovA joIe. 0 (2) prakSepaH prakSepa eTale mULa pAThamAM jANI joIne karavAmAM AvelA vadhArAghaTADA. pratilipi taiyAra karatI vakhate ajANapaNe je bhUlo thatI hoya che tamane sudhAravAno AmAM Azaya hoya che. prakSepa mATe haMmezA koI ne koI hetu hoya che; jema ke, pAThamAM koI dekhItI azuddhi yA luptAM(lacuna)ne AmAM sudhAravAno prayAsa karavAmAM Ave che. ane ghaNIvAra A kArya bina-AvaDatabharI rIte thatuM hoya che. prakSepa(jano artha saMskAravuM, sudhAravuM evo thAya che)mAM vadhAro temaja ghaTADo e baMneno samAveza thAya che. paraMtu A ghaTADA jayAre yojanApUrvaka karyA hoya tyAre temane zodhI kADhavA muzkela bane che. sAmAnya rIte parivartana yojanApUrvaka karavAmAM AvyuM che ke kema te kahevuM ghaNIvAra kaThina hoya che.

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saMcarita pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhionAM kAraNo : A dizAmAM bhAMDArakara insTiTyUTamAM karavAmAM Avela mahAbhAratanA abhyAsamAMthI maLelA anubhavane AdhAre prakSeponuM ApaNe nIce pramANe vargIkaraNa karI zakIe - 1. pAThanI aMdara rahelI keTalIka AMtarika muzkelIone nivAravA avejI (substitution)no Azraya levAmAM Ave che. (a) keTalIka hastapratomAM lahiyA athavA samIkSako (redactors) dvArA mULapAThanA svara sandhinA abhAvavALA aMzahiatus)ne nivAravA gupacupa karAyelA prayatna jaNAI Ave che. sarakhAvo - Polegomena, pR.93. (A) chaMdanI maryAdAthI vadhu akSaro dharAvatI (hyper-metric) paMktione sudhAravAnA prayatna : 1, 20 vinatAM viSANavanAM > v.1. viSahapa vinAma, vinatAM vInavatanAma, viSaUvanAM | (I) vyAkaraNanI dRSTie azuddha prayogone dUra karavAnA prayAsa :- mahAbhArata 5,86, 16 thato vimAnImavat : S mAM vinA vyathitoDava. (I) ArSaprayoga ane kaThina yA aparicita zabdo ane zabdasamUhonuM nivAraNa mahAbhArata 5,34,78 N apAvInara : A sapanotAna. (u) kaThina athavA vicitra vAkyaracanA athavA arthamAM sudhAro karavo : mahAbhArata 5,7,29 N si vApahRta sAtvA yuddhAnuM kene nitaM naml >s wi cApi mahAbAhumAmantrya bharatarSabha / 2. amaryAdita umeraNo : A umeraNo eka paMkti ke zloka umeravAthI mAMDIne eka lAMbo pariccheda ke pachI Akho adhyAya yA kAvyanI racanA sudhInAM paNa hoI zake che. paraMtu AvA prakSeponuM kartutva pratilipikArone lAgu pADI zakAya nahIM. hastapratanA samIkSako (redactors) pAse AdhArasAmagrI tarIke vipula pramANamAM samAntara sAhitya upalabdha thayeluM hovuM joIe. (a) sUcimAM ullekhAyelI vigatomAM vRddhi karavI athavA varNanamAM vadhu vigato umerI tene saMpUrNa banAvavuM. sarakhAvo sukathanakara Prolegomena pR.38 thI...... (A) kathAo, hetuo (motives) yA vArtAlAponI pUrva-kalpanA yA punarAvartana. . () prasaMgone sarva prakAre anurUpa evAM naitika, dhArmika athavA sUtrAtmaka suvAkyono prayoga.

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA (I) saiddhAMtika yA sAmpradAyika prakSepo jema ke rAmAyaNamAM R 5,27, 2032 mAM rAmAnuja sampradAyano siddhAMta samAyelo che, kAraNa ke te paricchedamAM rAmanuM IzvaranA avatAra rUpe nirUpaNa che. (u) luptAMza(sAcA yA kAlpanika)nI pUrti karavAnA AzayathI karavAmAM AvatA vadhArA : mahAbhArata 1, 482. () prakSeponuM susaMgatIkaraNa arthAtu paraspara visaMvAdI paricchedone susaMvAdI banAvavAno prayAsaH sarakhAvo-mahAbhAratanA muMbaInA saMpAdanano 139mo adhyAya (mahAbhAratanI bhAMDArakara InsTiTyUTanI samIkSAtmaka AvRttinuM pariziSTa-1, kramAMka 80). A eka ja jagyAe rAjagAdInA spaSTa vArasadAra tarIke yudhiSThiranI nizcita sthApanA ane potAnA ja guru sAme yuddha karavAnA pApamAMthI arjunanI muktino ullekha prApta thAya che. (8) abhinetA (naTa) dvArA thatA prakSepa : A prakSepa raMgamaMca para bhajavavAmAM AvatAM nATakomAM thAya che. udAharaNa tarIke, kAlidAsanA zAkuntala'nI keTalIka vAcanAo mATe A prakAranA prakSepone ghaNuM karIne kAraNabhUta mAnavAmAM AvyA che. A carcA parathI spaSTa thaze ke ghaNIvAra pAThanI azuddhi pedA karavAmAM eka karatAM vadhu kAraNo javAbadAra hoya che. ane tethI amuka prasaMge amuka ja kAraNa javAbadAra che evuM nizcita vidhAna haMmezAM zakya hotuM nathI. AvA prasaMgoe paddhati e che ke je kAraNo sauthI vyApaka rIte kAryazIla hovAnuM jANItuM hoya temane prathama pasaMdagI ApavI joIe, ane bAkInAM kAraNone saMbhavataH yA nizcayAtmaka rIte javAbadAra lekhI zakAya. vaLI e paNa sArI rIte svIkArAyeluM che ke eka azuddhi anya azuddhinI janmadAtrI che. AthI phaLasvarUpe pAThyagraMthane tenA zuddha svarUpe sAcavavAmAM game te kAraNe bahiraMga ane aMtaraMga e ubhaya prakAranI paristhitio pratikULa hoya to e azuddhio ane temanAM kAraNo zodhI pAThanI sthApanA karavAnuM kArya pATha-saMpAdakanI zakti bahAranuM hovA saMbhava che, kAraNa ke pAThano bagADa eTalo jhaDapI hoya che ke nitya navIna azuddhio mULa pAThane DhAMkI de che athavA tene sthAnabhraSTa karI de che.

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prakaraNa - 6 saMzodhana pAThyagraMthanA svarUpa, sthiti ane viSayavastu (contents) viSe nirNaya bAMdhavAmAM Ave te pahelAM, gata prakaraNamAM darzAvyA pramANenI saMcaraNa samaye pAThamAM pravezatI azuddhio ane avyavasthAonA vividha prakAronuM jJAna hovuM atyaMta jarUrI che. saMskaraNa (recension) dvArA saMpAdaka saMcArita pADyagraMthanA sauthI prAcIna svarUpa sudhI pahoMcI zake che. ane AmAM tenuM kArya eka prAmANika mANasa tarIkenuM rahe che, ane te paNa pAThaviSayaka purAtattvavettA tarIkenuM, pATha-samIkSaka tarIkenuM nahi; kAraNa ke graMthane zakya hoya tyAM sudhI, tenA mULa svarUpa sudhI laI javAnuM kArya haju bAkI rahe che; ane pAThyagraMthanuM mULa svarUpa eTale lekhakane abhipreta svarUpa arthAt lekhake ja lakhyuM hoya te svarUpa. AthI saMpAdake sarvaprathama A prazna potAnI jAtane pUchavAno che "prAcIna lekhake ahIM A lakhyuM hovAnI saMbhAvanA che?' A praznano nirNaya karatI vakhate ApaNe lekhakanI zailI ane tenA vicAra tathA viziSTa saMdarbhane lakSamAM levAM joIe. niSedhAtmaka rIte vicArIe to ApaNe ThIkaThIka nizcitatAthI kahI zakIe ke amuka pATha mULa pATha hovAnuM zakya nathI. paraMtu vidheyAtmaka rIte joIe to AvI kasoTI haMmezAM nirNayAtmaka na paNa hoya. ahIM ApaNe lekhakanI zailI, tenA vicAra ane viziSTa saMdarbha viSenA ApaNA potAnA khyAlo maMtavyo vaDe dorAtA hoIe chIe. AvA prasaMgoe samAna rIte kAryadakSa nirNAyakonA niSkarSa paNa judA judA hoya e saMbhavita che. A vividha niSkarSomAMnA pratyekane mATe saMbhAvanAnI mAtrA keTalI te ApaNe zI rIte cakAsavuM ? ane paraspara virodhI sUcano vacce ApaNe pasaMdagIno nirNaya zI rIte karavo? " AthI saMskaraNanI prakriyA dvArA saMpAdake je pAThono nirNaya karyo hoya te pAThonA AMtarika svarUpane teNe lakSamAM levuM joIe. jo saMcArita pATha (hastapratomAM jenA viSe ekarUpatA pravarte che tevo pATha) athavA "pAraMparika pATha (jene vibhinna hastaprato tema ja pratyakSa sahAyaka pramANo (testimonia) e baMneno Teko hoya evo pATha) sadaMtara arthahIna

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA hoya athavA paricchedamAM ke tenA atyaMta najIkanA saMdarbhamAM koI gaMbhIra virodhAbhAsa pedA karato hoya athavA to kRtinuM svarUpa, vAkyaracanA, zabdaprayoga, lekhakanuM vaiziSTaya AdimAMthI noMdhapAtra ane na samajAvI zakAya tevuM vicalana darzAvato hoya ke pachI koI niruddeza punarukti athavA lekhake pALelA chaMda ane layanA niyamonuM ullaMghana darzAvato hoya athavA pUrvApara saMdarbhano dekhIto ane niSkAraNa bhaMga karato hoya, vicAra-zRMkhalAmAM akSamya avyavasthA pedA karato hoya, to ApaNe kahI zakIe ke te pATha azuddha che; pachI bhale tenA pakSamAM game teTalAM bAhya pramANo prApta thatAM hoya. jo A azuddhi dUra na karI zakAya tevI hoya to te pAThane atyaMta azuddha samajI teno asvIkAra karavo ghaTe. paraMtu ghaNe prasaMge evuM banatuM hoya che ke ApaNe AmAMthI koI ne koI mArga ke upAya zodhI zakIe chIe ane Ave prasaMge ApaNe lekhakanI lAkSaNikatAne anurUpa ane pAThanA artha, saMdarbha, vyAkaraNa, zailI, chaMda ane laya Adine sarva prakAre saMtoSe evuM saMzodhana karI zakIe to tene 'Antara saMbhAvanAyukta' saMzodhana kahI zakIe. pAThanI 'AMtara yA aMtaraMga saMbhAvanA'(intrinsic probability) pAThyagraMthanA mULa lekhaka sAthe ja saMbaMdha dharAve che, ane hastapratanA lahiyA sAthe tene koI saMbaMdha hoto nathI. A uparAMta ApaNe sUcavelo pATha jo AgaLanA prakaraNamAM darzAvI che te prakAranI azuddhinI nizcita thayelI prakriyAo dvArA paraMparAthI prApta thayelA (arthAt saMcarita) pATha rUpe azuddha thayo hoya to ApaNe ema pratipAdita karI zakIe ke ApaNA sUcana athavA anumAnane aMtaraMga temaja bahiraMga ema ubhaya prakAranI saMbhAvanAono Teko che. A prakAre karelA anumAna athavA prastAvane 'anulekhanIya' (athavA 'pratilipIya') (transcriptional) saMbhAvanA (jene 'dastAvejIya' (documental athavA documentary) saMbhAvanA paNa kahe che) no paNa AdhAra hovo joIe; eTale ke lahiyA dvArA AvI bhUla kaI rIte thaI te samajAvI zakAya tema hovuM joIe, ane e mATe tene purAlipizAstrano AdhAra hovo jarUrI che. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to, jo amuka UtarI AvelA (saMcArita) pATho, jemane anya kAraNosara mUlAdarzanA pATha hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che, teo anya (sUcita) pAThonAM zabdazaH (literal) azuddha rUpa hovAnuM samajAvI zakAya evuM jo ApaNane jaNAya, to sUcita pATha 'anulekhanIya saMbhAvanA yukta' che ema kahevAya. je rIte pAThanI AMtara saMbhAvanA kevaLa mULa lekhaka sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che ane hastapratanA lahiyA sAthe tene koI saMbaMdha hoto nathI, te ja rIte pAThanI dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA kevaLa hastapratanA lahiyA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che ane mULa lekhaka sAthe tene koI

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saMzodhana saMbaMdha hoto nathI. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to, dhAro ke kaDha:, zraddhA ane karNa: ema traNa pAThAntaro che. A traNa pAThamAMthI evo kayo pATha che ke jemAMthI bAkInA be pATha udbhavyA hoya tema sauthI vadhu sArI rIte samajAvI zakAya ? A praznane traNeya pAThonI AMtarika yogyatA sAthe eTale ke temanI tulanAtmaka guNavattA sAthe kaMI ja levAdevA nathI. teno saMbaMdha kevaLa lahiyAo dvArA thatA saMcAraNa sAthe che. eTale ke Dha: ne jo mULa pATha tarIke svIkAravAmAM Ave to temAMthI zraddhA ane karNaH e be pAThonI vikRti kaI rIte thaI te ApaNe sUcavI zakIzuM? Ane "anulekhanIya saMbhAvanA' (transcriptional probability) nI kasoTI kahe che. have ApaNe kalpI laIe ke saMpAdake saMskaraNa taiyAra (pATha-cayana) karavAnuM potAnuM kArya pATha-samIkSAe peDhIonA avirata parizrama dvArA je kasoTIo tAravI che te sarvano upayoga karI kALajIpUrvaka ane prAmANiktAthI karyuM che. AvI pratyeka cakAsaNI pachI cAra prakAranA nirNaya zakya che : (1) svIkAra (2) saMzaya (3) asvIkAra ane (4) parivartana. (parivartanane bIjA zabdomAM "saMzodhana" kahI zakAya.) eTale ke samIkSaka vicArapura sara kahI zake ke saMcarita pATha lekhakano ja lakhelo chearthAta lekhake lakhyo hovAnI saMpUrNa saMbhAvanA che; athavA te pATha lekhake lakhyo haze ke kema te zaMkAspada che; athavA te pATha lekhake lakhyo nathI; athavA aMtamAM te pAThane sthAne lekhake ja lakhyo hoya evo bIje pATha mUkI zakAya tema che. prathama traNa niSkarSomAM (arthAt svIkAra, saMzaya ane asvIkAramAM) kevaLa AMtara saMbhAvanAne lakSamAM rAkhIne samIkSake nirNaya karavAno hoya che. paraMtu aMtima niSkarSamAM (arthAt saMzodhanamAM) anulekhanIya saMbhAvanAne paNa lakSamAM levI jarUrI che. - jyAre ApaNane dastAvejo arthAt hastaprato dvArA prApta thatA eka yA vadhu pATha asaMbhavita jaNAya tyAre lekhakano pATha prApta karavAno eka mAtra upAya anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana che. A prakAranA saMzodhanamAM AMtara temaja dastAvejIya (yA anulekhanIya) ema ubhaya prakAranI saMbhAvanAo saMtoSAvI joIe. saMzayAtmaka pAThonI bAbatamAM paNa A kasoTIo lAgu pADavI joIe. je pAThAntara A kasoTIone sarvAdhika rIte saMtoSe 1. mahAbhAratanA 1,57,7mAM A temaja rUma, , zreSTha:, 3H Adi anya pAThAntarone "kaThina pATha' (lectio difficilior) nA siddhAMtane kAraNe udbhavatAM pAThAMtaranAM udAharaNa tarIke uddhata karavAmAM AvyAM che. sarakhAvo Prolegomena pR.42. A "kaThina pAThanuM nivAraNa karatI vakhate paNa te pAThane svarUpa athavA dhvaninI dRSTie sauthI najIka evAM pAThAntaro svIkAravAmAM anulekhanIya saMbhAvanA (transcripHonal probability)no ja svIkAra thato jaNAya che..

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA tene ApaNe svIkArIe chIe. paraMtu anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana to temane saMpUrNa rIte saMtoSatuM hoya te jovuM ApaNe mATe jarUrI che. jyAM sudhI anumAna cokkasAIpUrvaka ane saMpUrNataH baMdha na bese tyAM sudhI te saMbhAvanAnI koTithI AgaLa nizcitatA yA prAyaH nizcitatAnI koTie pahoMcI zake nahIM. jo koI sUcita saMzodhana aMtaraMga ane anulekhanIya ema ubhaya prakAranI saMbhAvanAone ekasAthe na saMtoSI zake, to te saMbhAvanAonuM tulanAtmaka mahattva A pramANe che. je saMzodhana dastAvejIya saMbhAvanAnuM ullaMghana karatuM hoya paraMtu AMtara saMbhAvanAne saMtoSatuM hoya te saMzodhana saMbhavataH sAcuM hoI zake, jo ke tenI saccAI svIkArI levAno ApaNane koI hakka nathI; jyAre bIjI bAjue je saMzodhana dastAvejIya saMbhAvanAne saMtoSatu hoya paraMtu AMtara saMbhAvanAnuM ullaMghana karatuM hoya tene sadaMtara arthahIna - asvIkArya samajavuM. ane AthI A eka siddhAMtavacana che ke sAro pAThasamIkSaka kevaLa purAlipizAstrajJa karatAM kaMIka vizeSa yogyatA dharAvato hovo joIe. " aMtaraMga saMbhAvanAonuM samucita mUlyAMkana karavA mATe dastAvejIya yA bahiraMga saMbhAvanA mATe joIe che te karatAM vadhu jJAna, nirNayazakti ane aMtardaSTinI jarUra rahe che. Ama anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana e pATha-samIkSakanuM sauthI mahattvapUrNa ane sauthI kaThina kArya che. evA paNa keTalAka prasaMgo hoya che ke jyAre AvuM anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana paNa madadarUpa thatuM nathI. udAharaNa tarIke, jayAre azuddha pATha ApaNA mUlAdarza (archetype) nA samaya pUrve ja lekhakanI svahastapratathI ati najIkanA samayathI graMthamAM pravezI cUkyo hoya, tyAre sAmAnya rIte ApaNe jene anulekhanIya saMbhAvanA kahIe chIe teno Azraya laI zakAya nahIM. kAraNa ke lekhakanI svahastaprata ane mUlAdarzano nizcita samaya ane temanA vaccenA samayanA gALAnuM jJAna hoya to ja mUlAdarzanA pATha(saMcArita pATha)mAM pahelethI ja pravezI cUkela azuddha pAThano anulekhanIya saMbhAvanAne AdhAre nirNaya laI zake. Ave samaye saMzodhana eka subhaga tarka jevuM ja banI rahe che. A prakAranuM "bhaviSyakathana' prasaMgopAtta navAM pramANo upalabdha thatAM yathArtha hovAnuM paNa sAbita thaI zake. Ama lekhakanI pratanA pATha-nirNaya mATe "saMzodhana paddhatinA prayogamAM bhayasthAno rahelAM che, jemano sAmano ane zakya hoya tyAM upAya paNa karavo ja rahyo. baMne prakAranI saMbhAvanAo saMtoSAtI hoya to paNa te saMpUrNa rIte saMtoSAtI na hoya tyAM sudhI te pATha saMbhavita ja rahe che. ane saMbhAvanAo pUrNa rIte saMtoSAya evuM haMmezAM banatuM nathI. 2. "A good critic must be something more than a mere palaeographer." - Hall. p.153.

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saMzodhana.. Fe udAharaNa tarIke, mahAbhAratanA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanamAM saMzodhanane ati gauNa sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM che. ahIM sAmAnya rIte saMzodhanane badale arthaghaTanane vadhu mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM che. sukathanakara kahe che ke - 'azuddha paricchedomAM paNa koI ne koI hastapratano pATha to evo hoya che ke jeno artha baMdhabesato thAya, pachI bhale te artha mULa pratano artha na paNa hoya, tema ja te artha saMpUrNapaNe saMtoSakAraka artha paNa na hoya. tema chatAM utAvaLiyuM saMzodhana pasaMda karavA jevuM nathI. kAraNa ke anubhave jaNAyuM che ke vidvAno dvArA karavAmAM AvelA sudhArAono paNa ghaNo nAno bhAga sAcA arthamAM saMzodhana gaNI zakAya evo hoya che. taduparAMta mahAbhArata jevA graMtha-vizeSanI bAbatamAM to, haju sudhI tatkAlIna rUDhiprayoga tathA tatkAlIna samAja viSe ApaNe bahu ochuM jANIe chIe. mahAbhAratanA pAThamAM thayelAM parivartanothI paNa ApaNe prAyaH ajJAta chIe.vaLI mULa mahAbhArata bhASAkIya dRSTie ekarUpa ane koI nizcita siddhAMta ke Adarza (norm) ne anusaranAruM hatuM ema paNa koNa kahI zakaze ?' na upara mujaba sukathanakare je mahAbhArata mATe kahyuM che te eka lekhakanI na hoya tevI anya prakAranI kRtione paNa samAna rIte lAgu paDe che. anukULa saMyogomAM saMzodhanano Azraya tyAre ja levAno che jyAre zAstrIya arthaghaTananI bIjI badhI ja kasoTIo niSphaLa jAya. vaLI saMzodhanano Azraya to vibhinna ane visaMvAdI hastaprata-pramANane ekarUpa banAvavA mATe ja levo joIe. hastapratonA spaSTa ane sarvAnumati dharAvatA pramANathI viruddha jaIne kadApi nahi. Ama saMzodhana eTale jyAre hastapratanA amuka pAThamAMthI koI artha na nIkaLato hoya athavA saMtoSakAraka artha na nIkaLato hoya tyAre temAMthI vadhu sAro artha kADhavA jene ApaNe sAmAnya arthamAM sudhArAvadhArA kahIe chIe te nathI. saMzodhana e to hastapratonA visaMvAdI pATho je tarapha saMketa karatA hoya te saMbhavita pATha zodhI kADhavAno prayAsa che ema kahI zakAya. A siddhAntane anusarIne sukathanakare 7000 thI 8000 zlokovALA bRhatkAya AdiparvamAM badhAM maLIne kevaLa chatrIsa saMzodhana karyAM che. ane te paNa ghaNuM karIne mAtra eka eka zabdanAM ja che. A siddhAntanI saccAI nepALamAMthI zodhAyelI AdiparvanI sauthI prAcIna upalabdha hastaprata dvArA sAbita thaI che, jemAM AmAMnA pacAsa TakA jeTalAM saMzodhanone anurUpa pATha jovA maLe che. paraMtu upara je kahyuM te vyaktigata lekhakonI kRtione saMpUrNa rIte lAgu paDe e jarUrI nathI. ahIM paristhiti kaMIka judI hoya che. ahIM ApaNe vartamAna hastapratomAM sacavAyela pAThamAMnA vizuddha paricchedonA pramANane AdhAre lekhakanI zailI, zabda-vinyAsa, vicAra ane tenI svabhAvagata lAkSaNikatAono paNa abhyAsa karIe chIe. AvAM 3. Prolegomea pR.92

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA prAcIna samAntaro (parallels) temanAM Adhunika anurUpo (correspondents) karatAM aneka gaNAM kiMmatI hoya che. temanA kuzaLa upayoga dvArA jo A prakaraNamAM darzAvelI be prakAranI saMbhAvanAo saMtoSAtI hoya to ApaNe saMcaraNa daramyAna dUSita banelA pAThane saMtoSakAraka rIte sudhArI zakIe. paraMtu AvAM prAcIna samAntaronA abhAvamAM jyAre ApaNe be pAThAntaro (variants) vacce pasaMdagI karavAnI hoya tyAre AMtarika guNavattAnI kasoTI ApaNane evA pAThane pasaMdagI ApavA prerita karaze, je ApaNA potAnA mata pramANe lekhakanA abhiprAya sAthe sauthI vadhu maLato hoya. ane ema banI zake che ke ApaNe tenA abhiprAyano eka aMza mAtra joyo hoya. saMbhavita che ke je pAThano ApaNe asvIkAra karIe chIe te pAThane lekhake pasaMda karelo hoya. e saMbhavita che kAraNa ke te pAThamAM vicAra yA bhAvanAnuM koI evuM tattva abhivyakta thayeluM hoya, je lekhakane abhipreta che, paraMtu jene ApaNe pakaDI zakyA nathI. jo pAThAntaronI bAbatamAM Ama banatuM hoya to lekhakanI cittavRtti ane abhivyaktinI rItanA pUratA jJAna vinA ApaNe pAThamAM saMzodhana karavAnI kozika karIe to tethI paNa vadhu gaMbhIra bhUlo karIe e saMbhavita che. Ama jayAre saMzodhanano prazna udbhave, tyAre ApaNe AtmalakSI nirNayathI dUra rahevA ane pAThyagraMthamAM ja tenA dUSita nahi thayelA paricchedomAMthI prAcIna samAntaro zodhI kADhavA prayatna karavo joIe. - vartamAna samayamAM pATha-saMpAdakonI be vicAradhArAo pracalita che. ApaNe jo ApaNuM kArya sauthI vadhu saMtoSakAraka rIte karavuM hoya to ApaNe e bemAMthI madhyama mArga apanAvavo joIe. eka vicAradhArA kahevAtA "rUDhivAdI saMpradAya ('conservative' school) nI che. teo jene keTalIka vAra "zAstrIya arthaghaTana (scientific interpretation) kahevAmAM Ave che, te paddhati dvArA, saMzodhananuM je ucita kSetra che, ke pAThamAM je saMpUrNapaNe dUSita aMza hoya tene dUra karavo temAMthI tene bahAra dhakelI kADhavA prayatna kare che. khAsa karIne pAzcAtya vidvAno A paddhati apanAvatA jaNAya che. te paddhatinA be prakAra che. prathama to pAThamAMthI baLajabarIthI mArI-macaDIne) evo artha kheMcI kADhavo je zabdomAMthI nIkaLato ja na hoya ane saMdarbha dvArA tenI jarUriyAta UbhI thaI na jaNAI hota to je artha temAMthI udbhavyo paNa na hota. bhASAntaranA upayogathI A kArya saraLa bane che, je eka bhASAmAMnA vicArone bIjI bhASAmAM abhivyakta karavA mATenuM Avazyaka sAdhana che. paraMtu A prakAranI nirUpaNapaddhati ghaNI ja apUrNa che. ApaNe evAM kRtrima ane saMdigdha bhASAntaro ApaNA tathA bIjAo para sahelAIthI lAdI zakIe. veda paranAM bhAgomAM AnAM saMkhyAbaMdha udAharaNo jovA maLe che. vaLI khAsa karIne mRta bhASAo sAthenA vyavahAramAM ApaNI samakSa eka vadhu sUkSma bhaya toLAI rahe che, ane te e ke ApaNe ahIM evA artha sAthe saMmata thaIe chIe je ApaNane saMtoSa Ape che, paraMtu

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saMzodhana 1 graMthanA prAcIna lekhakane je saMtoSa arpI zakyo na hota. kharekhara to ApaNe ApaNI sAmenA pAThanA nirNayane abhiruci, zailI ane naitikatAnAM ApaNAM dhoraNo lAgu pADavAthI dUra rahevuM ghaTe. bIjI paddhati lekhakanI svabhAvagata viziSTatAmAM asAdhAraNatAo ane vicitratAo hovAnuM pratipAdita karavuM te che, je, jo paraMparAmAM asaMgati hoya to, avazyapaNe paraMparAnI doSayukatatAne lAgu pADavAmAM Avata. alabatta sarvottama lekhakomAM paNa skhalano (kSatio) saMbhave che, te hakIkatane nakArI zakAya tema nathI. paraMtu e (hakIkata)ne je saMcarita pAThamAMno doSa hoya te mULagraMthamAMno doSa haze ema kAlpanika rIte mAnI laI, tene te doSane paddhatisara rahevA devA mATenuM kAraNa banAvavAmAM Ave e yogya nathI; kAraNa ke AvA doSone jema hoya tema pAThamAM rahevA devAthI pAThane je nukasAna pahoMce che te temanA paddhatisara asvIkAra karavAthI thatA nukalAna karatAM vadhu hoya che. rUDhivAdI samIkSakonI nabaLAI e che ke teo saMzodhanane bhoge pAThanA arthaghaTana ane vivecananI prazaMsA kare che. keTalAka to eTalI hade jAya che ke temane mate pAThanuM saphaLatApUrvaka saMzodhana karavA karatAM pAThano saphaLatApUrvaka bacAva karavo te pAThyapustakanI vadhu sArI sevA che. paraMtu A sAcuM nathI. baMne (saMzodhana ane arthaghaTana) Ama to eka ja kArya sAdhavAno prayAsa kare che. ane te e ke pahelAM je aspaSTa hatuM tene have spaSTa banAvavAmAM AvyuM che. bIjI bAju AthI virodhI saMpradAya (saMzodhanavAdI)nI khAmI e che ke te arthaghaTananuM mUlya bahu ochuM AMke che. ane saMzodhanane ja vidvAna puruSa mATenuM yogya kSetra mAne che. amadAvAdanA svargastha kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva AnuM sAruM udAharaNa pUruM pADe che. 'arthaghaTana pUrve saMzodhana thavuM joIe' (Correction should precede interpretation.) e sUtra A valaNanuM paricAyaka che. paraMtu A sUtra paNa kevaLa ardhasatya ja che. paricchedanA samucita arthaghaTane je arthe jarUrI hovAnuM darzAvyuM hoya te artha jo saMzodhana darzAvI na zake to te acUka niSphaLa javA sarjAyuM che. rUDhivAdI samIkSakane mukhyatve pArasparika pATha ane khAsa karIne saMcirata pATha(mUlAdarzanA pATha)ne sAcavavAnI ciMtA hoya che. te bhArapUrvaka jaNAve che, ane te barAbara paNa che, ke jo pAThaparivartanane amuka hadathI vadhu kheMcI laI javAmAM Avaze to te tenA potAnA mULane ja kApI nAkhaze ane koI paNa prakAranI nizcitatA raheze nahi. AthI ochAmAM ochuM parivartana e tenuM mukhya lakSya che. ghaNA loko ema dhAratA hovAnuM jaNAya che ke pAThyagraMthamAM rahelA pAsparika pAThane jemane tema rahevA devAnI yuktithI saMzayAtmaka muddAo para nirNaya levAnuM TALI zakAya che. A niyama ghaNo saraLa che ane sahelAIthI prayojI zakAya tema che. mAnavamananI (temanuM ) siddhAMtavAkya che ke - sthitasya gatizcintanIyA / 4.

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA svAbhAvika racanA ja evI che ke tene lIdhe AnAM pariNAma evAM AvavA saMbhava che jemano kadAca temaNe khyAla karyo nathI. jyAM jarUrI artha darzAvI zake tevI avejI zakya hoya, pachI bhale te ochAmAM ochuM kAmacalAu avejI (stop-gap) tarIke paNa zakya hoya, tyAM paNa jo azuddha pAThane rahevA devAmAM Ave to kAM to te paricchedanA arthane bagADI mUkaze athavA to jarUrI arthanI prApti arthe bIjA ghaTakonA arthane maraDavAnI pharaja pADaze. bIjI paddhati anusAra saMpAdaka tenI samIkSAtmaka sAmagrInI noMdhamAM te graMthanA pAThonAM pramANa (evidence) viSenI badhI jarUrI mAhitI Apaze. paraMtu pAThyagraMthamAM to je pATha saMbhAvanAonI samatulA jALavato hoya te pAThane ja sthAna Apaze. pratyeka prasaMge saMpAdaka, tenI samakSa tatkALa na hoya evA kissAomAM teNe lIdhelA nirNayone khyAlamAM lIdhA sivAya ja, dareka kissAnI potAnI guNavattAne AdhAre ja nirNaya leze. Ama udAharaNa tarIke, mahAbhArata 1,92,2 mAM sukathana kare nepALI (N) saghaLI hastapratonA pha strIrUpadhariNI' e pAThanI viruddha , ane K no pATha "pa zrIsiva rUpI' svIkAryo che, jyAre zlokanA uttarArdhanA A ja be hastapratonA 'zayanA' pAThano asvIkAra karI anya sarva nepALI (N) pratono 'satinA' pATha svIkAryo che. vinTaranITjhanI jema vivecaka avazya prazna karI zake - 'S K, hastapratonA pAThane prathama paMktimAM pramANabhUta gaNyA ane bIjI paMktimAM nahi tenuM kAraNa zuM? uttara e che ke ema karavAnuM kAraNa e che ke hastapratonuM svarUpa tema ja pAThonI AMtarika guNavattA baMne paMktiomAM judI che. jo ke prastuta udAharaNa saMzodhananuM nathI, tema chatAM te daDhatApUrvaka ApaNA dhyAna para lAve che ke samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNamAM (adhikRta vAcanAmAM) paNa A siddhAMta pAyAnuM mahattva dharAve che, ane jyAre saMpAdaka tenA pAThamAM saMzodhana karavA prayatna karato hoya tyAre A tethIya vizeSa rUpe lAgu paDe che. "saMzayAtmaka pATha" pratye vizeSa dhyAna ApavuM joIe ane temane "saMzayAtmaka rIte svIkRta' yA "saMzayAtmaka rIte asvIkRta pATha tarIke graMthamAM alaga darzAvavA joIe. bahiraMga (dastAvejIya) ane antaraMga saMbhAvanAnI tarapheNa ane virodhamAM pramANo sarakhAM baLavAna hoya athavA jyAre dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA bhArapUrvaka eka dizA tarapha doratI hoya ane aMtaraMga saMbhAvanA bIjI dizA tarapha laI jatI hoya tyAre nyAyasaMgata saMzaya pedA thAya che. jo zaMkA uThAvanAra vyaktie badhA pramANonI cakAsaNI karI hovA viSe ja zaMkA (acokkasatA) hoya tyAre te saMzaya nyAyaviruddha che. Avo saMzaya ghaNIvAra anubhavAto hoya che paNa teno ekarAra thato hoto nathI ane samIkSita graMtha para tenI asara atyaMta hAnikAraka hoya che. eka tarapha te paraMparAgata 5. Annals of BORI 15, pR.167. 6. ejana 16, pR.102-103

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saMzodhana R : . pAThone AlocanA-siddhAMtathI pratikUla rIte svIkAravA tarapha prerita kare che, to bIjI tarapha utAvaLiyAM ane vinAzakArI (vidhvaMsaka) anumAno - aTakaLonI paraMparA sarje che. - pATha-samIkSAzAstranI A be aMtimavAdI paddhatiomAMthI madhyama mArga zodhavAno prayatna karIe to, ApaNe jene "rUDhigata pATha" (conservative text) kahI zakIe evA pAThanuM nirmANa thaze, je purAtattvavettAno pATha paNa nahi hoya ke samIkSakano pATha paNa nahi hoya, paraMtu baMne vaccenuM samAdhAna haze. jayAre Avo pATha sabhAnatApUrvaka yA sahetuka prApta karyo hoya tyAre te dastAvejIya saMbhAvanAnI tulanAmAM aMtaraMga saMbhAvanAne ochevatte aMze vadhu avarodhIne athavA to saMpAdakanA khyAla pramANe pADyagraMthamAM sthAna prApta karavA mATe jarUrI nyUnatama saMbhAvanA UbhI karIne prApta thAya che. A baMne paddhatio temanA siddhAMtanI daSTie svacchaMdI arthAt apUrNa che ane temanA viniyogamAM acokkasatA pravartavAnI saMbhAvanA rahelI che. * AthI zreSTha kArya-paddhati e che ke dastAvejo (hastaprato)mAM prApta thatAM pAThAntarone AdhAre saMcarita pAThane zAstrIya arthaghaTana lAgu pADavuM ane jyAre pATha atyaMta kharAba hoya tyAre khUba sAvacetIpUrvaka dastAvejIya ane AMtara saMbhAvanAnI baMne kasoTIo kAme lagADavI ane te dvArA visaMvAdI pAThAntaro kyA biMdu tarapha kendrita thAya che te kendra zodhI kADhavuM ane tyAra pachI tene pAThyagraMthamAM anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana tarIke svIkAravuM. jo koI prAcIna samAntara (parallel) pATha maLI Ave to ApaNe ApaNA anumAna viSe saMpUrNapaNe nizcita banIzuM. paraMtu jayAM evI samAntaratA upalabdha na hoya tyAM ApaNe ApaNA anumAnanI yathArthatA viSe saMpUrNapaNe nahi to paNa ThIka ThIka pramANamAM nizcita banI zakIzuM.

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prakaraNa - 7 pATha-samIkSAnA keTalAka adhiniyamo agAunAM prakaraNomAMthI have spaSTa thaze ke vAstavamAM pAThasaMpAdana eka kalA che, je dvArA pATha-samIkSaka amuka viziSTa samasyAonA nirAkaraNa arthe sAmAnya buddhino kuzaLatApUrvaka ane paddhatisara viniyoga kare che. pratyeka anveSakane AvI samasyAono sAmano karavo paDato hoya che. A samasyAonA ukela mATenuM abhisAkSya(evidence) ahIM hastaprato rUpI dastAvejonA pramANa para AdhArita hoya che, AthI te chevaTe hastapratonA saMcAraNa kArya mATe javAbadAra sAdhana - mAnava - dvArA niyaMtrita bane che. ane tethI hastapratomAM jovA maLatI vibhinna mAnavanirmita kSatio ane azuddhionA prakAro upara mukhyataH AdhArita A pAThasamIkSAnA sAmAnya niyamo (jemane pAThasamIkSAnA adhiniyamo' kahyA che)no upayoga paNa temanI maryAdita - sabaLatA(validity)ne khyAlamAM rAkhIne karavo joIe. pAThasamIkSAnuM eka atyaMta sarvasAmAnyapaNe svIkRta siddhAMta-vAkya e che ke kaThina pAThane pasaMdagI Apo' (Peter the harder reading). Ane zAstrIya paribhASAmAM kaThina arthAtu durbodha pATha' (Lectio difficilior) kahe che. jo ke A siddhAMtavAkya sarvatra nirapavAdapaNe mAnya hoya ema nathI. tema chatAM te ghaNekhare prasaMge sAcuM che; khAsa karIne jyAre lahiyo potAnI Adarza-pratamAM jANI joIne parivartana karato hoya tyAre Ama ja banatuM hoya che, kAraNa ke AvA parivartana pAchaLano Azaya mukhyatve arthane spaSTa karavAno hoya che. AkasmikatAne bAjue rAkhIe to, AvAM vicArapUrvakanAM parivartanathI pATha sAmAnyataH samajavAmAM sugama bane che. paraMtu jyAM akasmAta bhUla thaI gaI hoya tyAM A siddhAMta lAgu paDI zake nahi, kAraNa ke AvI Akasmika bhUlane pariNAme utpanna thato pATha, jo samajI zakAya tevo hoya to, sAcA (mULa) pATha karatAM svAbhAvika rIte vadhu kaThina ja hovAno. udAharaNa tarIke, mahAbhAratanA saMcarita pAThamAM evAM ghaNAM pAThAntaro jovA maLe che ke jemane pAThanA punarnirmANanI sAmAnya paddhatiothI samajAvI

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pATha-samIkSAnA keTalAka adhiniyamo o5 na zakAya. A pAThAntaronuM nirmANa kaThina pAThamAMthI ja thayuM che. A kaThina arthAt durbodha pATha ArSa prayoga, vyAkaraNa daSTie azuddha prayoga athavA saMcaraNa kALa daramyAna samaya jatAM pracalita na rahI hoya evI koI viziSTa racanA svarUpe hoya che. ane AvA durbodha aMzanuM nivAraNa karavAnI abhilASAmAMthI navA pAThAntaranuM nirmANa thatuM jovA maLe che. hastapratonA paraspara AnuvaMzika saMbaMdha paratve sAmAnya niyama evo che ke - "pAThAntaronI tulanA karavAmAM Ave tyAre hastapratono vadhu moTo samUha vadhu pUrvenuM vibhAjana sUcave che; ane nAno samUha pAchaLanuM vibhAjana darzAve che". A niyamane samajavA eka sAMkhyika udAharaNa laIe : jo 20 hastaprato temanAM pAThAntaronI daSTie 9 ane 11 ema be samUhamAM vaheMcAI jatI hoya, to ApaNe kahI zakIe ke te 9 - hastapratonA samAna pUrvaja pAse eka pATha hato ane bAkInI 11 hastapratonA samAna pUrvaja pAse bIjo pATha hato. A pAThAntaro ApaNane jyAMthI saMcaraNanI be paripATIo vibhakta thaI - vipathagAmI banI - te bindu AgaLa laI jAya che. vaLI, A nava hastapratonA samUhamAM paNa saMbhava che ke cAra hastapratomAM eka pATha hoya ane pAMcamAM bIjo pATha hoya tathA baMnenA pATha pelI 11 hastapratonA pAThathI to bhinna ja che, to A hakIkata ema sUcave che ke saMcaraNa-paMraparAmAM AgaLa jatAM e cAra hastaprato ane pAMca hastapratonA taratanA pUrvajo naveya hastapratonA samAna pUrvajamAMthI chUTA paDyA - judA mArgoe phaMTAyA. A rIte jyAre saMcaraNanI vibhinna paripATIo ekabIjAthI svataMtra rahetI hoya athavA rahI hoya tyAre A siddhAMta graMthanI adhikRta vAcanA mATe upayogamAM lIdhelI hastapratonuM vaMzavRkSa taiyAra karavA mATe nAnA ane moTA samUhamAM vaheMcAyelI hastapratono sthAna-nirNaya karavAmAM madada kare che. " gata prakaraNamAM ApaNe pATha-samIkSAnA be saMpradAyonI vAta karI hatI. eka to rUDhivAdI (conservative) saMpradAya, je zAstrIya arthaghaTanane vadhu paDatuM mahattva Ape che; ane bIjo udAratAvAdI (liberal) saMpradAya, je anumAnAtmaka saMzodhanane paNa teTaluM ja mahattva Ape che. saMzayAtmaka pAThonI bAbatamAM, pAThyagraMthanI adhikRta vAcanAnA nirmANanI AvazyakatAne kAraNe, pratyeka prasaMge koI eka prakArano nirNaya levAnuM anivArya bane che.. paraMparAgata "saMzayAtmaka pAThone keTalIkavAra upalabdha pramANone AdhAre saMzayAtmaka rIte svIkAravAmAM Avaze athavA to saMzayAtmaka rIte nakAravAmAM Avaze ane pAThyagraMthamAM to svIkRta pAThanI sAthe ja mukAze. paraMtu jenA viSe pUrNa cokkasAI na hoya evA saMzodhananI bAbatamAM rUDhivAdI samIkSakanuM valaNa spaSTapaNe, jo kaMIka sthaLa rIte prastuta karIe to, A siddhAMta-vAkya dvArA rajU karI zakAya : "bhale mULa pATha na hoya paraMtu ochAmAM ochuM teno avazeSa hoya evA pAThane sudhAravAne badale pAThyagraMthamAM jemane

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ka bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA tema rahevA devo vadhu sAro che. A siddhAMta-vAkya e mAnyatA para AdhArita jaNAya che ke virodhI saMpradAya dvArA sUcita anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana karatAM AvA saMzayAtmaka pAThano maulikatA-saMbaMdhI dAvo vadhu sabaLa che. uparyukta siddhAMtanI tadana viruddhamAM samIkSakonA bIjA saMpradAya (udAratAvAdI)no mata evo che ke vikRta athavA saMdigdha pATha ne badale anumAna para AdhArita pATha vadhu pasaMda karavA yogya che (Stopgaps should be preferred to debris). bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to jyAre samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa (arthAt adhikRta vAcanA) no pATha saMdehAtmaka hoya tyAre lekhake lakhyo hovAnuM azakya hoya tevA pATha karatAM teNe lakhyo hovA saMbhava hoya tevA pAThane prastuta karavo e vadhu sAruM che. udAharaNa tarIke, mahAbhAratamAM ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe ke jyAre uttara ane dakSiNanI vAcanAo evAM pAThAntaro prastuta karatI hoya ke jethI AMtara saMbhAvanA tema ja bahiraMga yA dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA samAna rIte saMtoSAtI hoya tyAre sukathanakare uttarIya vAcanAnA pAThone kAmacalAu avejI tarIke pasaMda karyA che. kAraNa ke te pramANamAM vadhu zuddha che ane pAchaLathI thayelI abhivRddhio(prakSepo)thI mukta che. ahIM evAM be zakya pAThAntaro vacce pasaMdagI karavAnI hatI ke jemanA adhikRta vAcanAmAM samAveza arthAt praveza mATe sarakhI rIte sabaLa kAraNo che. jo A pasaMdagI, jema sukathanakare karyuM che te pramANe, koI nizcita siddhAMtane AdhAre na karavAmAM Ave to pariNAme evI sAragrAhI (vA saMkalita). vAcanA pedA thaze je koI paNa parinizcita siddhAMta para AdhArita nahi hoya paraMtu vividha prakAranA pAThono dUSita saMgraha (debris) haze. saMzodhananI bAbatamAM to A siddhAMta vadhu sabaLa rIte lAgu paDe che. kAraNa ke saMzayAtmaka paraMparAgata pATha kadAca saphaLatApUrvaka sudhArI zakAya tevo hoI zake, jo te aMtaraMga ane bahiraMga (documental) saMbhAvanAone pUrNa rIte saMtoSato hoya tI; ane jyAre anumAna tadana saMbhavita hoya tyAre paNa te lekhaka na lakhI zakyo hoya te karatAM tenA vaDe lakhI zakAyo hoya evo pATha darzAve che, kevaLa aMtaraMga saMbhAvanAne ja lakSamAM levAmAM Ave to paNa. AvA prasaMgoe azuddha paraMparAgata pATha karatAM kevaLa kAmacalAu avejI (stopgap) tarIke paNa saMzodhita pAThane vadhu pasaMda karavo joIe, pachI bhale saMzodhanane pakSe baMne prakAranI saMbhAvanAo (AMtarabAhya) samatola rUpe saMtoSAtI na paNa hoya. pAThasamIkSAnI eka sauthI jaTila samasyA e che ke, pAThanI svIkRta azuddhio (doSa) yA asaMgatione keTalI hada sudhI lahiyAnI nahi paraMtu graMthakartAnI ja truTi tarIke temAM rahevA devI. A bAbatamAM koI sarvamAnya siddhAMta prApya hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. dareka kissAmAM tenI potAnI vyaktigata) guNavattAne AdhAre vicAraNA thavI

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pATha-samIkSAnA keTalAka adhiniyamo : joIe. ane A mATenI samIkSakanI kAryapaddhati anivAryapaNe sAragrAhI (eclectic) , hoya e jarUrI che; jo ke posTageTanA mata pramANe, A vizeSaNa ghaNIvAra kaTAkSa, upAlaMbhanA sUra sAthe prayojAtuM hoya che, jenuM kAraNa zodhI kADhavuM kaThina che. jo lekhakano svahastalekha upalabdha na hoya to lahiyAnI anaicchika truTio ane lekhakanI anaicchika truTio arthAt kalama-doSa(slips of the pen) vacceno bheda pADavAnuM koI sAdhana ApaNI pAse nathI. vAstavamAM A badhI lahiyAnI ja bhUlo gaNAya, kAraNa ke lekhaka pote paNa potAno lahiyo(lipikAra)ja che. je sthaLoe AvI asaMgatio ane azuddhio pravezI na hoya tevAM sthaLoe jo sadbhAgye ApaNane tenA pAThamAM ja prAcIna samAMtaro(parallels) prApta thAya to samasyAno ukela kaMIka aMze saraLa bane che. kaMIka aMze eTalA mATe ke je pAThane ApaNe spaSTapaNe bhUlabharelo ane doSayukta samajatA hoIe te pATha eTalo ja spaSTapaNe lekhakane abhipreta pATha hoI zake ane samIkSake temAM parivartana karavAnuM hoya nahIM. koI paNa pATha (kSati) keTalI cokkasAIthI sudhArI zakAya tema che tenA para te saMzodhita pAThanI yathArthatAno ghaNo AdhAra che. paraMtu jyAre jayAre koI kSatiyukta pAThane eka karatAM vadhu prakAre yuktisaMgata rIte sudhArI zakAto hoya tyAre sAmAnya siddhAMta e che ke te pAThane tenA mULa svarUpe ja rahevA devo vadhu hitAvaha che. jayAre pAThonuM saMcAraNa mUlAdarzamAMthI eka karatAM vadhu zAkhAomAM vibhakta thaI pragati kare tyAre vibhinna zAkhAonAM pAThAntaro koIka vAra ApaNane mULa pATha Apaze to koIka vAra amaulika - mULamAM na hoya evo - pATha Apaze. jyAre vibhinna zAkhAonA pATha paraspara maLatA Ave tyAre te pATha cokkasapaNe mULa pATha hovo joIe. paraMtu paraMparAnA vibhinna pravAhomAM jyAre vibhinna pATha jovA maLatA hoya tyAre paraMparAnA prathama vighaTana samaye temAMno eka pATha mULa pATha haze, jyAre bIjo a-maulika pATha. hovo joIe. ane pAThanuM A maulika-amaulikanAM vibhAjana vibhinna pravAho (zAkhAo)mAM game te krama sudhI zakya che. paraMparAnA A pravAhomAM, saMcaraNano pravAha AgaLa vadhatAM, pratyeka zAkhAnuM vadhu upazAkhAomAM vibhAjana thavAnI saMbhAvanA hoya che. je dalIla ApaNe prathama vibhAjana saMbaMdhe karI che, te dvitIya vibhAjanane paNa lAgu paDe che. paraMtu Ave vakhate "maulika' zabdano prayoga to kevaLa prathama vighaTana (vibhAjana) samaye je mULa pATha hoya tenA pUrato ja maryAdita raheze. saMcaraNanA samagra itihAsa tarapha pAchA AvatAM have ApaNe kahI zakIe ke saMcaraNa-paraMparA AgaLa vadhatAM mULa pratamAMthI jema jema zAkhAo ane upazAkhAo kUTatI jaze tema tema ApaNI pAse pAThano keTaloka aMza evo haze ke je kharekhara maulika (original) haze; keTaloka aMza evo haze ke je mUlAdarzanI daSTie amaulika (unoriginal) haze paraMtu upamUlAdarzanI dRSTie maulika

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA haze; ane bAkIno bhAga evo haze ke je mUlAdarza ane upamUlAdarza e ubhayanI daSTie amaulika haze. upamUlAdarzanI dRSTie je pATha maulika hoya paraMtu mUlAdarzanI dRSTie amaulika hoya te pAThane e saMcAraNa-zAkhA (kuLa)nI hastapratonI "gauNa lAkSaNikatA' (secondary characteristic) kahI zakAya, A zAkhAnAM vibhinna rUpAntaro vacce AvAM amaulika tattvonuM sAmya je saMbaMdha darzAve che tene "gauNa' saMbaMdha kahI zakAya. A gauNa pArasparika saMbaMdha para be prakAre vicAraNA karI zakAya. prathama prakAranI ApaNe upara vyAkhyA ApI che. bIjAnI vyAkhyA A rIte ApI zakAya : jyAre be hastaprato (rUpAMtaro) saMpUrNa rIte yA AMzika rIte mUlAdarza pachInI koI sAmAnya mUlakatamAMthI UtarI AvI hoya tyAre mUlAdarzanI tulanAmAM AmanI e mUlaprata gauNa hovAthI A hastaprato (rUpAMtaro) paraspara gauNa saMbaMdha dharAve che ema kahevAya. A rIte rUpAntaronA mukhya" ane "gauNa" saMbaMdho vacce A je bheda pADavAmAM Avyo che te hastapratonA AnuvaMzika saMbaMdhanA siddhAMtano kevaLa upasiddhAMta che. mUlAdarzanA pATha arthAt saMcArita pAThanuM punarnirmANa karavAmAM te upayogI che. kAraNa ke jyAre judI judI hastaprato (rUpAMtaro) - pachI bhale temanA pATha zuddha hoya yA saMmizrita (conflated) - vacce gauNa pArasparika saMbaMdha pravartatA hoya tyAre AvA gauNa pArasparika saMbaMdhanuM jJAna ApaNane e nirNaya karavAmAM sahAyaka banaze ke vibhinna hastaprato (rUpAMtaro) vacce jovA maLatuM pAThonuM sAmya "mukhya che ke "gauNa'. A prakAranA gauNa saMbaMdhano nirNaya sAmAnya rIte nIce darzAvela be pramANone AdhAre karI zakAya : prathama e ke prastuta rUpAMtaro sArI evI saMkhyAmAM keTalAMka mahattvano ane dhyAna kheMce tevAM samAna lakSaNo dharAvatAM hoya, je lakSaNo mUlAdarzane lAgu paDatAM hoya evuM tArkika rIte mAnI zakAya nahIM, temaja teo jyAM daSTigocara thAya che te ja sthaLe svataMtrapaNe arthAt paraspara nirapekSa rIte umerAyAM hoya ke tyAMthI dUra karavAmAM AvyAM hoya ema paNa mAnI zakAya tema na hoya. vadhArA yA ghaTADA jeTalA vadhu lAMbA teTalA ApaNe te hastaprato(rUpAMtaro)nA pArasparika saMbaMdha viSe vadhu dRDhatApUrvaka sthApanA karI zakIe. kAraNa ke be saMpAdakoe mULa pAThamAM eka ja sthaLe eka ja pariccheda kevaLa akasmAta dvArA paraspara nirapekSa rIte umeryo yA kADhI nAkhyo hoya (samAkSaralopa truTi (Haplography) sivAya) ema mAnavuM ghaNuM kaThina che. bIjuM e paNa pramANa jarUrI che ke rUpAMtaro eka ja kuLa (zAkhA) sAthe saMkaLAyelAM hoya. A mATe jhINI zAbdika vigatomAM satata ane dUragAmI samAnatAo hovI joIe, ane te eTalI niyamita hovI joIe ke temano prabhAva ghaniSThapaNe varatAya. uparyukta baMne dhAraNAonI sabaLatA pAThanA moTA bhAgomAM sAmya hoya tyAre sauthI vadhu rahe che. TUMkA pada-samUhonuM sAmya hoya tyAre ochI, ane ekalavAyA zabdomAM sAmya hoya tyAre sauthI ochI rahe che. bAkInAM visaMvAdI

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pATha-samIkSAnA keTalAka adhiniyamo rUpAtaromAM koI vidheyAtmaka(nizcayAtmaka) sAmyano abhAva hoya to A dhAraNAone vadhu puSTi maLe che. hastapratonA gauNa pArasparika saMbaMdhane hastapratonA pATha-saMmizraNa(conflation)thI. judo pADavAno che. prathama (arthAt gauNa pArasparika saMbaMdha)amuka upamUlAdarzamAMthI hastapratonuM pUrNa rUpe athavA AMzika rUpe (arthAt jeTalA bhAgamAM te gauNa saMbaMdha sthApita thato hoya teTalA bhAga pUratuM) ekarUpa avataraNa darzAve che; jyAre bIjuM (arthAta pAThasaMmizraNa) A svataMtra paraMparAonA vibhinna pravAhonuM avyavasthita mizraNa darzAve che.' AvAM AMtara-mizraNamAM gauNa lAkSaNikatAo - eTale ke mUlAdarzanA pAThanI dRSTie 'maulika na hoya tevAM tattvo - no paNa samAveza thaI zake. pariNAme jyAre be svataMtra saMcaraNa paraMparAo (lines of transmission) vacce saMmizraNa thAya tyAre AvAM gauNa tattvo paNa saMmizraNamAM pravezI javAnI saMbhAvanA rahe che. AthI saMpAdake evA savizeSa prayatna karavAnI AvazyakatA rahe che, jethI samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa arthAt adhikRta vAcanA zuddha ke mizra paraMparAomAMnI gauNa samAnatAothI vegaLI rahe ane temAM kevaLa "maulika samAnatAo ja praveza pAme. pAThyagraMthanAM vibhinna rUpAMtarono abhyAsa karIe tyAre ApaNane saMpUrNa rIte sacavAyelAM rUpAMtaronA vistAra - maryAdAnI bAbatamAM ghaNIvAra taphAvata jovA maLe che; emAMnuM eka sauthI nAnuM hoya che to eka sauthI moTuM hoya che. A be AtyaMtika (extreme) rUpAMtaro vacce keTalAMka nAnAM moTAM aMtarvartI rUpAMtaro hoya che. TUMkA rUpAMtarane sAmAnyataH "saMkSipta vAcanA' (textus simplicior) kahe che; jyAre lAMbA rUpAMtarane "vistRta vAcanA' (textus ormatior) kahe che. pATha-samIkSAno eka sAmAnya svIkRta niyama evo che ke vistRta rUpAMtarone pAchaLanAM mAnavAM ane saMkSipta rUpAMtarone prAcIna jANavAM. paraMtu pATha-samIkSAnA anya siddhAMtonI jema Ane paNa vadhu paDatuM mahattva ApavuM joIe nahIM. ene avicala siddhAMta tarIke svIkArI kAma karavA jatAM bhayajanaka paristhiti sarjAvAnI saMbhAvanA rahe che, kAraNa ke sAmAnya rIte evuM koI paNa rUpAMtara hotuM nathI jemAM ghaTADA ane vadhArA e baMne na thayA hoya, pachI bhale te lahiyAe svaicchika rIte karyA hoya yA Akasmika rIte thayA hoya. koIkamAM eka dizA tarapha vadhu jhoka jovA maLato hoya che, to koIkamAM bIjI dizA tarapha. paraMtu koI paNa rUpAMtara saMpUrNataH susaMgata hotuM nathI. tema chatAM A siddhAMta - vAkyanuM potAnuM AgavuM mahattva che, ane saMkSipta vAcanA ane vistRta vAcanAM A be prakAranA pATho - rUpAMtaro - ne AdhAre mULapAThamAM thayela vadhArA ghaTADAno sthAna - nirNaya karavAmAM ApaNane sahAyarUpa bane che. udAharaNa tarIke mahAbhAratanuM s, KrUpAMtara "saMkSipta vAcanA' darzAve che, ane jo ke te keTalAka umerAothI

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4. bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA mukta nathI, je spaSTa rIte prakSepo hovAnuM hastaprata-pramANane AdhAre dekhAI Ave che, tema chatAM te mUlAdarzano pATha-nirNaya karavAmAM anya rUpAMtaro karatAM vadhu sArA pramANamAM madada kare che. te ja pramANe dakSiNanI vAcanA ApaNane 'vistRta vAcanA' Ape che ane vipula pramANamAM umerAo (prakSepo) thI sabhara hovA chatAM jyAre uttarIya vAcanA zaMkAspada hoya che tyAre adhikRta vAcanAnA pATha-nirNayamAM mahattvanI bane che.

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prakaraNa-8 pATha-saMpAdana aMge vyavahAru sUcano pAThyagraMthanI upalabdha hastaprato ane te viSenI sahAyaka sAmagrImAMthI prApta thatAM pramANone AdhAre pAThyagraMthanuM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana kaI rIte karavuM ane adhikRta vAcanA kevI rIte taiyAra thAya eno sAmAnya paricaya ApaNe meLavyo. pAThyagraMthanI badhI upalabdha hastapratono sthAna-nirNaya thAya ke tarata ja saMpAdake temane prApta karavI jarUrI bane che. ane jo te zakya na hoya to potAnA saMpAdana - kArya mATe temanA phoTogrApha, mAIkrophilma ane hastapratonI phoTo-kaoNpIo teNe prApta karavAnI rahe che. jo temanI pratilipi saMpAdake jAte nahi, paraMtu koInI sahAyathI taiyAra karAvI hoya, to saMpAdake zakya hoya tyAM sudhI jAte ja te pratilipine mULa sAthe sarakhAvavI joIe. ane lahiyAnA vyaktitvane kAraNe temAM pravezatI lekhanagata yA anya prakAranI azuddhione sudhArI levI joIe, kAraNa ke ApaNe agAu joI gayA ke lahiyAnuM vyaktitva Dagale ne pagale ApaNane Dakhala karatuM hoya che, ane tenI Adarzapratano nirNaya karavA mATe ApaNe tenA vyaktitvathI AgaLa pahoMcavuM paDe che. AvI sAmagrImAMthI hastapratonuM saMtulana (collation) zarU thaze, je kramazaH hastapratonA UMDA adhyayana, temanI viziSTatAono nirNaya, AnuvaMzika saMbaMdha ane temanI sApekSa vizvasanIyatA, samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanuM nirmANa ane zakya hoya tyAM pAThanA mULa svarUpanI sthApanA tarapha dorI jaze. prastuta prakaraNamAM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanamAM Avazyaka evI bAbato vize keTalAMka vyavahAru sUcano ApavAmAM Avaze. saMpAdake potAnI prastAvanAno prAraMbha potAnA saMpAdanakArya mATe upayogamAM lIdhelI samIkSAtmaka sAmagrInA varNanathI karavo joIe. AthI sarva prathama to hastapratono sAmAnya paricaya Apavo joIe, jemAM prakAzamAM AvI hoya tevI hastapratonI saMkhyA, samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana mATe kharekhara cakAselI hastapratonI saMkhyA, pUrNataH yA AMzika rUpe saMtulita hastapratonI saMkhyA ane A prakAranA saMtulana mATe pasaMda karelI hastapratone pasaMda karavA mATenAM kAraNono samAveza thavo joIe. saMpAdake upalabdha hastapratomAMthI ja

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA UtarI AvelI hoya te sivAyanI badhI ja vartamAna svataMtra hastapratono saMpAdana - kAryamAM upayoga karavo joIe. 82 samIkSAtmaka sAmagrInI pasaMdagI karavAmAM keTalIka bAbato lakSamAM levI joIe; jema ke hastaprato je lipiomAM lakhAI hoya te lipi athavA teo mULa jyAMthI prApta thaI hoya te sthaLo, temano kAlakrama, athavA koI eka rUpAMtaramAMnI sAmya dharAvatI hastapratonI tulanAmAM viSamatA dharAvatI arthAt asaMgata hastapratone pradhAnatA ityAdi. A sAmAnya paricayamAM samIkSAtmaka sAmagrInI pasaMdagI mATenAM A badhAM kAraNo spaSTatAthI ane saMkSepamAM jaNAvavAM joIe. tyArabAda saMpAdake teNe karelA saMtulanane AdhAre hastapratonuM vAcanAomAM ane rUpAMtaromAM vargIkaraNa saMkSepamAM darzAvavuM joIe. ane pachI A vargIkaraNa pramANe tenI samIkSA-sAmagrImAM samAvAyelI hastapratonI sUci ApavI joIe. A sUci dareka hastapratanAM vAcanA ane rUpAMtaranI nIce ApavI joIe. ahIM prAraMbhamAM hastaprato mATenuM sAMketika cihna (siglum) yA saMkSipta rUpa darzAvavuM joIe, je dvArA saMpAdake tenI samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI (apparatus criticus) mAM te hastapratanA pATho jaNAvyA hoya; ane tyAra pachI jyAM te hastaprata sacavAyelI hoya te sthaLanuM nAma, graMthAlayanuM nAma ane te graMthAlayanI graMthasUcimAM tene ApavAmAM Avelo oLakha kramAMka (identification number) ane teno samaya (jo tenA upara noMdhavAmAM Avyo hoya to) vagere vigato ApavI joIe. hastapratane sAMketika cihna (siglum) ApatI vakhate saMpAdake potAnI marajI mujabanuM cihna na ApavuM joIe. sAMketika cihna arthAt saMketamAM evuM kaMIka viziSTa tattva hovuM joIe ke jethI samIkSAtmaka sAmagrImAM te je hastaprata mATe prayojAyuM hoya tenI ApaNane yAda apAve. A sAMketika cihnamAM je sthaLamAMthI te hastaprata prApta thaI hoya teno saMketa hoI zake. athavA jo pAThyagraMtha eka karatAM vadhu lipiomAM sacavAyo hoya to hastapratane darzAvavA lipinA nAmano nirdeza karI zakAya. jyAre koI eka lipimAM eka karatAM vadhuM hastaprato upalabdha hoya athavA eka sthaLethI eka karatAM vadhu hastaprato prApta thaI hoya tyAre temane ekabIjAthI judI pADavA temanA sAMketika cihnanI pAchaLa nIce nAnA AMkaDAno prayoga karI zakAya, jema ke 7,, ., ..... jo 7 cihna lipinuM sUcaka hoya to " no artha graMtha lipimAM lakhAyelI r hastaprato evo thaze. jo TM cihna prAptisthAnanuM dyotaka hoya to Ano artha gvAliyaramAMthI prApta thayelI ra hastaprato thaze. sAMketika akSara ane AMkaDAnA saMyojanavALA A sAMketika cihnane zAsrIya svarUpa arpavA mATe, AMkaDAono krama, teo je hastaprata darzAvatA hoya temAM pragaTa thatI azuddhinA '

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133 pATha-saMpAdana aMge vyavahAru sUcano caDiyAtA krama pramANe goThavI zakAya, jema ke haiM, hastaprata haiM, karatAM vadhu zuddha haze, ane T, hastaprata haiM karatAM vadhu zuddha haze. Ama uttarottara samajI zakAya. 3 A pachI sUcimAM darzAvelI hastapratono vigatavAra paricaya Apavo joIe. A paricaya te sUcimAM darzAvela hastapratonA krama pramANe Apavo joIe. AmAM sarvaprathama to hastapratanuM sAMketika cihna ane tyAra bAda jyAMthI hastaprata prApta thaI hoya te sthaLanuM nAma, graMthAlayanuM nAma, graMthAlayamAM teno kramAMka, patrasaMkhyA, pratyeka patramAM paMktionI saMkhyA, pratyeka paMktimAM akSaronI saMkhyA, jenA upara lakhAI hoya te (bhojapatra, tADapatra vagere) lekhana-sAmagrI, ane tenA hastAkSaronI paddhati (Style) ityAdino paricaya Apavo joIe. A brAhya varNanamAM hastapratanI varNavinyAsa (lipi) saMbaMdhI viziSTA, hastapratanAM svarUpa ane sthiti, upAnta-TippaNI (hAMsiyAmAM lakhAyelI noMdha : marginalia) ane be paMktio vacce ka2vAmAM AvelA sudhArA, pRSThAMkananuM vaiziSTaya, vibhAgonI saMkhyA ane kramAMka (jo hoya to)nI mAhitI ApavI joIe ane graMthanI vacce vacce AvatI puSpikAo (colophons) viSe paNa,khAsa karIne jyAre te hastapratanA saMcaraNanA itihAsa para prakAza pheMkatI hoya tyAre, mAhitI ApavI joIe. A sAthe hastapratanuM pratilipIkaraNa jenA Adeza anusAra karavAmAM AvyuM hoya te AzrayadAtAnuM nAma, lahiyAnuM nAma, pratilipIkaraNanuM sthaLa ane pratilipIkaraNano samaya athavA pratilipi kyAre taiyAra karavAmAM AvI te viSe AnuSaMgika mAhitI paNa saMpAdake, jyAre paNa saMpAdaka dvArA A mAhitI prApta karavAnuM zakya hoya tyAre, ahIM ApavI joIe. jo hastapratanAM eka ke vadhu zIrSaka hoya to A vistRta paricayamAM te paNa darzAvavAM joIe. lekhana-paddhatinI carcA karatI vakhate saMpAdake e paNa jaNAvavuM joIe ke hastaprata eka ja hastAkSaramAM lakhAyelI che ke pachI tenuM anulekhana judI judI vyaktio dvArA thayuM che. A ja pramANe hastapratanA hAMsiyAmAM athavA be paMktionI vacce karavAmAM AvelA sudhArAvadhArA viSe paNa jaNAvavuM joIe. ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe ke pahelI vyakti vaDe karavAmAM AvelAM saMzodhana pAchaLanI vyakti dvArA karavAmAM Avela saMzodhana karatAM ghaNAM vadhAre mUlyavAna hoya che. A prakAranI badhI ja mAhitI ahIM noMdhavI joIe, jethI vAcakane samIkSAtmaka adhyayananI dRSTie hastapratanI sthiti ane mahattA yogya rIte samajavAmAM madadarUpa thAya. je hastapratonI upekSA karavAmAM AvI hoya temane zA kAraNe choDI devAmAM AvI che te paNa darzAvavuM ja joIe. te ja prakAre jo hastapratonI AMzikarUpe tulanAtmaka cakAsaNI(saMtulana) karavAmAM AvI hoya to saMpAdake AvA saMtulanano jyAMthI prAraMbha thato hoya ane jyAM aMta Avato hoya te viSe dareka hastapratanA vistRta paricayamAM darzAvavuM joIe.

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA A vistRta paricayamAM bIjI paNa eka vastuno samAveza thavo joIe ane te che hastapratonI prAmANikatA viSe levAmAM Avelo nirNaya zAne AdhAre che tenuM spaSTIkaraNa. ghaNI hastapratomAM te graMthanA koIka vibhAganA prAraMbhamAM lahiyA dvArA lakhAyelI prazastio jovA maLe che. A prazastio ghaNIvAra keTalIka aitihAsika mAhitI ApatI . hoya che. paraMtu pAThyagraMtha sAthe te susaMgata hotI nathI. AthI temano samAveza ahIM vistRta ahevAlamAM karavo joIe, samIkSAtmaka sAmagrImAM nahi. jyAre AMzikarUpe saMtulana ApavAmAM AvyAM hoya tyAre pAThyagraMthanA vibhinna aMzo mATe je hastapratonuM saMtulana karavAmAM AvyuM hoya te darzAvatI sAraNI (Table) ApavI joIe. jethI vAcaka pAThyagraMtha ane samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI saMbaMdhI noMdhano abhyAsa karatI veLAe A mAhitI sahelAIthI prApta karI zake. sAraNIrUpe goThavaNI karI hovAthI tenA saMdarbha(nirdeza) saraLa bane che ane vAcaka ghaNI binajarUrI mahenatamAMthI UgarI jAya che. hastapratonA vistRta ahevAla bAda saMpAdake pAThyagraMthanI upalabdha temaja adhyayana mATe upayogamAM lIdhelI sahAyaka sAmagrI (testimonia) jema ke prAcIna TIkAo, saMkSepo, rUpAntaro, subhASitasaMgraho vagerenI vigatavAra vistRta mAhitI ApavI joIe. tyAra pachI hastapratono vaMzAnukrama pramANe darzAvela pArasparika saMbaMdha zakya hoya to vaMzavRkSa (stema codicum) rUpe prastuta karavo joIe. keTalIka hastaprato Aje bhale anupalabdha hoya, paraMtu vartamAna hastapratonA sAThya parathI amuka samaya daramyAna temanuM astitva kalpI zakAtuM hoya che. AvI lupta hastapratonI saMcaraNa-paraMparAo darzAvavA evI koI paddhati apanAvavI joIe, jethI karIne A kAlpanika lupta hastapratone . nizcitapaNe jANItI, upalabdha yA anupalabdha, hastapratonI saMcaraNa-paraMparAthI judI pADI zakAya. Ano sauthI saraLa mArga e che ke AvI hastapratonA prathama prakArane TapakAM TapakAM dvArA ane anya prakArane ADI surekhAo dvArA darzAvavuM. je hastaprato Aje upalabdha nathI paraMtu vartamAna hastapratono pArasparika saMbaMdha darzAvavA jemanuM bhUtakALamAM koI samaye astitva kalpI levuM paDe, evI lupta hastapratone grIka mULAkSara dvArA (d, B, ) athavA phudaDIvALA akSaro dvArA (A*, B*, C*, a*, b* c*) darzAvavI joIe. kudaDIvALA akSaro vAparavAnI paddhati bhASAzAstramAM sajAtIya sahavargIya zabdo (cognate vocables) vacceno saMbaMdha darzAvavA pracalita che. tenI sAthe Ano meLa besato hovAthI ahIM paNa tene svIkArI zakAya.

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pATha-saMpAdana aMge vyavahAra sUcano jyAM zakya hoya tyAM saMpAdake tenI hastapratono saMbhavita yA nizcitapaNe - noMdhAyelo samaya hastaprata mATe prayojela sAMketika cihna (siglum)nI upara AMkaDA dvArA darzAvavo joIe. te AMkaDo I.sa.nI zatAbdI sUcave che. jema ke ' sUcita kare che ke ma dvArA darzAvAyelI hastaprata 11mI zatAbdImAM koIka samaye taiyAra karavAmAM AvI hatI. te ja rIte 34 no artha ema thaze ke zuM hastapratano samaya I.sa.nI 13mI ane 14mI zatAbdI vacce che. jo nizcita pramANone AdhAre cokkasapaNe samaya darzAvavo zakya na hoya paraMtu bahiraMga pramANone AdhAre hastapratanI uttara-maryAdAno nirNaya thaI zakto hoya to te maryAdA paNa te ja rIte AMkaDAnI sAthe phudaDI joDIne darzAvI zakAya, jema ke va . uparyukta prakAre vaMzavRkSa taiyAra karyA bAda tarata ja vaMzavRkSamAM prayojAyelAM sAMketika cihnonuM spaSTIkaraNa karavuM joIe, ane tyAra bAda pAThyagraMthanI vAcanAo (recensions) ane temanAM rUpAntaro(versions)nA sarvekSaNanI carcA karavI joIe. A prakAranA samIkSAtmaka sarvekSaNamAM saMpAdake prathama to vibhinna vAMcanAo vacce pravartatI mukhya samAnatAo ane viSamatAo darzAvavI joIe. ane pachI pratyeka vAcanAnAM vibhinna rUpAMtaro vacce paNa je samAnatAo ane viSamatAo hoya temanI A ja prakAre carcA karavI joIe. jo pAkyagraMthanI sthAyI rUpe svIkArAyelI (normalized) prata maLatI hoya, jene sAmAnya rIte pracalita pATha" (vulgate) kahevAmAM Ave che, to saMpAdaka vAcanAo ane pracalita pATha (vulgate) vaccenA mukhya bheda darzAvavA joIe. samAna rIte satatapaNe jovA maLatA pAThabheda ane saMkhyAbaMdha vividha prakAranI visaMgatio-kSatione kAraNe vAcanAo ekabIjAthI judI paDI jAya che. AthI A asamAnatAonuM vargIkaraNa karI temano prastAvanAmAM nirdeza karavo joIe, kAraNa ke AvI bAbatone AdhAre to saMpAdaka vAcanAonI kalpanA karato hoya che. ane samIkSAtmaka dRSTie pAThyagraMthano abhyAsa karanAra vAcakanI sAme saMpAdake je tAraNa tAravyAM hoya te prastuta thavAM joIe. A tAraNo likhita pramANo dvArA sArI rIte pramANita thayelAM hovAM joIe. vAcanAonI carcA karyA bAda saMpAdakanuM pachInuM kArya vibhinna rUpAMtaro ane temanI hastapratonAM svarUpa ane pArasparika saMbaMdhonuM mUlyAMkana karavAnuM che. ahIMnA ullekho zakya teTalA vadhu vigatavAra hovA ghaTe, jethI hastaprata - sAmagranA vargIkaraNanI tarkasaMgatatA pratIta thAya. A mATe saMpAdita graMthamAMthI pramANo ApIne rUpAntaromAMnI -vyaktigata hastaprato vacce pravartatI samAnatAo ane viSamatAonI yogya rIte carcA karavI joIe. jyAre vAcanA ane tenuM vibhinna rUpAntaromAM vibhAjana e be vacce - upavAcanAo astitva dharAvatI hoya tyAre upavAcanAnuM paNa teTaluM ja vigatavAra UMDuM

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA adhyayana karavuM joIe ane te tapAsanAM pariNAma vAcaka samakSa prastuta karavAM joIe. saMpAdake yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe ke teNe ahIM tenI atizaya vistRta vigatabharI tapAsanA kevaLa namUnA prastuta karavAnA che, ane AthI udAharaNonI pasaMdagImAM kALajI rAkhavI joIe, ane evAM udAharaNo pasaMda karavAM joIe, je vaizistrayukta temaja mahattvapUrNa hoya. A rIte teNe be hastaprato arthAt be rUpAntaronA kevaLa mULasrotono mAtra ullekha karavAno nathI, paraMtu teNe e paNa akATya pramANone AdhAre sAbita karavuM joIe ke eka hastaprata bIjInI kevaLa pratilipi ja nathI paraMtu te saMcaraNa-pravAhamAM svataMtra astitva dharAve che. te ja rIte vibhinna rUpAntaromAM saMmizrita hastaprato (conflated manuscripts) mojUda hoya to AvA saMmizraNanA prasaMgo darzAvavA joIe. atyAra sudhI to saMpAdake pote je hastapratonI sAmagrIno upayoga karyo temanuM svarUpa ane pATha-nirmANamAM temanI tulanAtmaka prAmANikatA viSe kevaLa potAno nirNaya darzAvyo che. paraMtu have teNe tenI samakSanI sAmagrIne savizeSa khyAlamAM rAkhI je samIkSA, siddhAMtonuM anusaraNa kyuM hoya temanuM nirUpaNa karavuM joIe. Ama karatAM saMpAdake tenA pustakanA A bhAgane pATha-samIkSAnA siddhAMtonuM pAThyapustaka haragIja banAvavAnuM nathI, paraMtu prastuta saMpAdanane lakSamAM rAkhIne pATha-samIkSAnA je sAmAnya siddhAMtono viniyoga karyo hoya te ja kevaLa darzAvavAnA che. jo saMpAdaka pATha-samIkSAnA supratiSThita praziSTa siddhAMtothI dUra haTe, to je sAmagrIne kAraNe teNe tema karavuM paDatuM hoya te sAmagrInuM viziSTa svarUpa teNe spaSTa karavuM joIe. siddhAMtone lAgu pADavAmAM koI muzkelIo hoya to te paNa teNe darzAvavI joIe. pote upayogamAM lIdhelI hastapratonuM mUlyAMkana karyA bAda saMpAdake teNe pAThanuM nirdhAraNa kaI rIte karyuM te paNa jaNAvavuM joIe. A rIte prApta thayela "saMcarita pATha" (mUlAdarzano pATha : transmited text) mAM jo teNe saMzodhana karyuM hoya to je kAraNone lIdhe teNe mULa pAThane sthAne anumAnita pATha svIkAravo paDyo hoya te kAraNo darzAvavAM joIe. jo pADyagraMthamAM laMbANabharyA prakSepo hoya to saMpAdake ahIM prastAvanAmAM temano pAThyagraMthamAM samAveza na karavA mATenAM potAnAM kAraNo spaSTapaNe darzAvI temanI carcA karavI joIe. TUMkA prakSeponI khAsa carcA karavI jarUrI nathI. - pAThyagraMthanAM bIjAM paNa saMpAdano pUrve thayelAM hoya to saMpAdake teNe pote upayogamAM lIdhelI sAmagrInA prakAzamAM te pUrvasaMpAdanonI maryAdAo darzAvI temanI carcA karavI ghaTe. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to teNe temanuM niSpakSa rIte mUlyAMkana karavuM joIe. jyAre paNa zakya hoya tyAre saMpAdake A pachI graMthalekhaka ane tenI kRti tathA tene nAme caDelI anya kRtionA upalabdha itihAsano ullekha karavo joIe. te sAthe lekhakanA sAhityika guNadoSa, tenI viziSTatAo, tenI svabhAvagata lAkSaNikatAo AdinuM.

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pATha-saMpAdana aMge vyavahAru sUcano mUlyAMkana ApavuM joIe. uccatara samIkSAnI samasyAne ApaNe carcA na hovAthI lekhake upayogamAM lIdhelA srotonA pRthakkaraNa mATe prayojAtI paddhationo ApaNe ahIM nirdeza nahIM karIe. paraMtu saMpAdaka eTaluM to jarUra karI zake ke samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI (critical, apparatus) mAM te ucita sthaLe pAThanAM samAntara rUpAntarono nirdeza kare ane prastAvanAmAM temanI saMkSipta rUparekhA Ape. graMthalekhake pAThyagraMthamAM je jANItI ke ajANI viSayanI adhikArI vyaktio, lekhako temaja temanI kRtiono ullekha karyo hoya tathA aitihAsika mahattva dharAvatI anya mAhitI, jema ke viziSTa rAjAonAM nAma, rAjavaMzonAM nAma, ityAdi, je pAThyagraMthamAM vibhinna sthaLe prApta thatI hoya, te sarva sAmagrIne saMpAdake khAsa mahenata laI ekatrita karavI joIe. graMthalekhake ApelAM udAharaNo jemAMthI levAmAM AvyAM hoya te mULasrotane yathAzakya zodhI kADhavAno prayatna karavo joIe. ane te zodhanAM pariNAma prastAvanAmAM prastuta karavAM joIe. te ja rIte, pAThyagraMtha para TIkAo lakhavAmAM AvI hoya to saMpAdake A TIkAkArono saMkSipta itihAsa paNa Apavo joIe ane pAThyagraMthane samajavA mATe A TIkAonI upayogitAnI mUlavaNI karavI joIe. taduparAMta saMpAdaka tenA pAThyagraMthane sAhityika dRSTie paNa carcavo joIe ane te rIte lekhakanuM te viziSTa sAhitya-prakAramAM pradAna, te viSayamAM tenuM sthAna, tenA vicAro ane abhivyaktine ghaDanArAM prabhAvaka tattvo ane tenA pachInA yugamAM tenI asaro Adino saMkSipta chatAM samIkSAtmaka ahevAla ane mUlyAMkana prastuta karavAM joIe. pAThyagraMtha tarapha AvatAM, A prakAranI adhikRta (samIkSAtmaka) vAcanAone chApavAnI anekavidha paddhatio judA judA saMpAdako dvArA apanAvAyelI che. pAThanuM cAra prakAre vargIkaraNa karI zakAya : svIkRta, saMdigdhapaNe svIkRta, saMdigdhapaNe asvIkRta ane asvIkRta. A vibhinna svarUpavALA pAThone alaga darzAvavA mATe koI nizcita niyamo banAvavAmAM AvyA nathI. saMpAdaka je koI paddhati apanAve te teNe tenI saMkSepa (abbreviations) ane dhvanicihno (diacitical signs) nI sUcimAM spaSTapaNe darzAvavI joIe. sAmAnya paddhati evI che ke anumAnAtmaka saMzodhanane te prakAranA saMzodhana pUrve phudaDI (*) dvArA darzAvavuM. anya bAbatomAM koI eka nizcita paddhati apanAvavAmAM AvelI nathI. paoNla mAsa nizcita prakAro mATe nIcenAM pratiko sUcave che: (1) anumAnAtmaka umerA (saMzodhana) mATe < >cihna vAparavuM ane anumAnane AdhAre umerelI sAmagrIne A cihnanI aMdara mUkavI. anumAnane AdhAre svIkRta pAThane [0] A prakAranA bevaDA kATakhUNa kauMsamAM lakhavo." (2)

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA yAMtrika (anaicchika) kSatione dUra karI zuddha karelA pAThane kATakhUNa kauMsa 0mAM mUkavo. (4) doSayukta sthAnika vikRtio (azuddhio) khaMjaranA cihna dvArA darzAvavI. ahIM darzAvela <> ane bevaDA kATakhUNa kauMsa [0] e be cihno vacceno bheda mahatvapUrNa che. prathama cihna darzAve che ke lukhAMza (acuna) athavA azuddhinI pUrti anumAnane AdhAre karavAmAM AvI che. tathA bIjuM cihna (kATakhUNa kauMso) jyAre pAThano azuddha aMza pUrvApara saMdarbha dvArA pramANita thato hoya ane tene dUra karavAmAM Ave tyAre prayojAya che. jayAre paraMparA AdarzapratamAM azuddhi hovAnuM spaSTapaNe pratipAdana karatI hoya tyAre paNa A cihnono prayoga thato jovA maLe che. eDagaraTana temanA Pancatantra Reconstructed' mAM je pAkyAMzanI bAbatamAM te zabdazaH mULamAM hovA viSe zaMkA hoya temane mATe trAMsA akSaro(italics)no prayoga kare che, tathA je pAkyAMza sAmAnya dRSTie paNa mULamAM na hovAnI saMbAvanA hoya tene kauMsa () mAM mUke che sukathanakara mULamAM hovAnuM nizcita na hoya evA pAThanI nIce taraMgAkRti rekhA -no prayoga kare che, ane anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana mATe phudaDI * vApare che.. e eka hakIkata che ke graMthanuM pAThanirdhAraNa tenI pratyeka vAcanAnAM badhAM ja rUpAMtaro (versions) nAM pramANone AdhAre thatuM hoya che. ane dareka kissAmAM tene saMbhAvanA dvArA puSTi maLavI joIe. AthI hastapratomAMnAM saghaLAM mahattvapUrNa vicalano (arthAt pAThAMtaro) samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI (critical apparatus) mAM noMdhavAnAM rahe che, jethI karIne pratyeka marmajJa (samIkSaka) vAMcaka pAse samasta sAmagrI upalabdha bane, jene AdhAre te pote paNa, jarUra paDe to nirdhArita karelA pAThanuM niyamana ane saMzodhana karI zake. pAThanirdhAraNa e nyAyAlayamAM pakSa ane vipakSamAM prastuta karavAmAM AvelAM sarva pramANone AdhAre nyAyAdhIze lIdhelA nirNaya jevuM che. paraMtu jema judA judA nyAyAdhIzo prastuta thayelAM noMdhAyelAM sAkyo-pramANo-nuM judI judI rIte arthaghaTana kare e saMbhavita che, te ja rIte ahIM paNa evA marmajJa vAcako hoI zake, je kadAca saMpAdaka jeTalI ja kSamatA dharAvatA hoya, paraMtu jemane samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa mATenAM sarva sAkSya ekatrita karavAnI taka prApta thaI nathI, ane je saMpAdake nirdhArita karelA pATho sAthe saMmata paNa thAya athavA asaMmata paNa thAya. samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana khAsa karIne to AvA adhikArI vAcaka vargane uddezIne taiyAra thatuM hovAthI saMpAdakanI e pharaja thaI paDe che ke teNe pADyagraMthanI sAthe joDelI samIkSAtmaka noMdhamAM hastapratomAMnAM sarva mahattvapUrNa vicalano (pAThAMtaro)nI noMdha karavI. Ama, pAThanI nIce kramabaddha rIte nIcenI bAbatono samAveza thavo joIe:

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pATha-saMpAdana aMge vyavahAru sUcano (1) (2) (3) (4) e jemano graMthanA pAThamAM ullekha na thayo hoya evA mUlAdarzathI judA paDatA pAThono saMkSipta ullekha. lahiyAnI bhUlo sahita, asvIkRta pAThAMtarono ullekha. A ullekhano hetu e pAThAMtaro pATha-nirNaya mATe lakSamAM levA yogya nathI ema darzAvavAno nathI, paraMtu vAcakane jaNAvavAno che ke ahIM A jagyAe pATha mUlAdarza paryaMta pahoMcato nathI, paraMtu saMcaraNaparaMparAnA eka nIcalA stara sudhI ja pahoMce che. upa-pAThAMtaro (sub-variants) no ullekha, jo teo ekabIjAthI athavA mukhya pAThAMtarothI judAM paDI AvatAM hoya to. vadhu pAThabhedovALI hastaprato (variant-bearers) nA samAna pAThono ullekha. amuka vyaktigata arthAt svataMtra hastapratomAM athavA hastapratonA samUhamAM pravezelA TUMkA prakSepone paNa samIkSAtmaka TippaNamAM samAvI levA joIe. lAMbA prakSepo mATe pariziSTanI yojanA karI zakAya. koI ekAda hastaprata athavA bahu nAnA ke nagaNya hastapratasamUhanA pramANa 52 AdhArita nAnA prakSepo athavA vadhArAnA paricchedono samAveza paNa pariziSTamAM thaI zake. samIkSAtmaka sAmagrInI pAdaTIpamAM paNa AvA vadhArAnA paricchedo pAThyagraMthamAM kaye sthaLe AvelA che te darzAvavuM joIe. A rIte, samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI ane lAMbA prakSepo tathA umerAo darzAvatAM pariziSTo sAthe maLIne pAThanirmANa arthe upalabdha samasta hastaprata sAmagrIno paricaya Apaze, ane samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNanI dRSTie saMpAdakanuM kartavya have samApta thAya che. te prastAvanAmAM potAnA samIkSA-kArya mATe upayogamAM lIdhelI sAmagrI viSenI badhI ja prastuta mAhitI tathA pATha-nirdhAraNamAM prayojelA siddhAMto rajU kare che, ane samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNamAM nirdhArita pATha uparAMta te pATha-nirdhAraNa je saMbhAvanAone AdhAre karavAmAM AvyuM che te paNa spaSTapaNe darzAve che. taduparAMta te 'samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI' (apparatus criticus) prastuta kare che. jemAM samasta hastaprata sAmagrIne suvyavasthita rUpe vargIkRta karI nizcita siddhAMtone AdhAre rajU karavAmAM AvI hoya che. marmajJa vAcaka samakSa have samagra mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI paDelI che, jene AdhAre te saMpAdake nirdhArita karelA pATha sAthe saMmata thAya athavA te jAte ja potAnA anubhavanA baLe ahIM prastuta karAyela sAmagrIne AdhAre potAne manapasaMda pAThanuM nirdhAraNa kare. have ApaNe samIkSAtmaka saMpAdananA eka bIjA pAsA tarapha AvIe, je vAstavamAM to pATha-samIkSAno bhAga na paNa gaNAya. tema chatAM je koza-zAstra (lexicon) tema ja zailI

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90 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA zAstra (stylistics) nA abhyAsanI daSTie atyaMta Avazyaka che. je pariziSTo ane sUcio (index) saMpAdake ApavI hitAvaha che, temAM nIcenAno samAveza thavo joIe - (1) pAThyagraMthamAM AvatA sarva zlokonI pAda-sUci. A zloko nirdhArita pAThamAM hoya athavA samIkSAtmaka sAmagrImAM athavA lAMbA prakSepo mATenA pariziSTamAM hoya. sarva apracalita zabdonI varNAnukrame sUci, jo zakya hoya to saMpUrNa zabdasUci. pAThyagraMtha temaja samIkSAtmaka sAmagrImAM AvatA badhA ja zabdonI sUci. ahIM te zabda jyAM Avato hoya tevAM ekAda be sthaLono ja ullekha karavo. (4) pAThyagraMthamAM samAyelI saMpUrNa aitihAsika ane bhaugolika mAhitInI sUci. AmAM vyaktivAcaka nAmonI saMpUrNa sUcino paNa samAveza thavo joIe. pAThyagraMthamAM pahelethI astitva dharAvatAM vibhinna mudrita saMpAdanonI anukramaNikA paNa hovI joIe, jethI prastuta saMpAdananA saMdarbhone anya saMpAdanonA saMdarbhomAM sahelAIthI rUpAMtarita karI zakAya. A sarve samIkSAtmaka pATha-saMpAdananA Avazyaka upasiddhAMto che. anya graMthomAM jo samAMtara rUpAMtaro upalabdha thatAM hoya to saMpAdake temanI carcA eka alaga pariziSTamAM karavI joIe. A rUpAMtaronuM yathArtha arthaghaTana uccatara samIkSAno viSaya bane che, ane tethI prastuta pustakamAM tenI carcA karI nathI. ApaNe ahIM je carcA karI che tane "sAmAnya pATha-samIkSA' (Lower Criticism of the text)) (g{- Niedere Textkritik 24491 $74 Critique Verbale) sjalui Ave che, jemAM ApaNe anusaMdhAna (Heuristic), saMskaraNa (Recensio) ane saMzodhana (Emendatio) eTalA viSayone ja AvarI lIdhA che. uccatara samIkSAno viSaya eka svataMtra pustakamAM carcAya te kadAca vadhu hitAvaha gaNAya. kAraNa ke bhAratamAM atyAra sudhI to tenA abhyAsa mATe sAnukULa vAtAvaraNa nathI, ane te e daSTie ke eka tarapha ahIM graMthonA cokkasa kAlAnukramano abhAva che, to bIjI tarapha sAhityanA amuka nizcita yugonA gahana adhyayanano paNa abhAva che. aMtamAM samIkSAtmaka sAmagrIne prastuta karavAnI vividha paddhatio viSe ahIM be zabdo umerI zakAya. keTalAka A sAmagrIne tAtkAlika te ja pRSTha para ApavAnuM pasaMda

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pATha-saMpAdana aMge vyavahAru sUcano kare che; teo mUlano pATha pRSThanA uparanA bhAgamAM ane samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI nIcenA bhAgamAM rajU kare che. bIjA keTalAka A sAmagrIne graMthane aMta 'pAThAMtaro' (variant readings) tarIke Ape che. samIkSAtmaka sAmagrInI bAbatamAM kharuM pAMDitya kevaLa pAThAMtaro ApavA karatAM kaMIka juduM che. paraMtu game tema to paNa je pRSTha para mUla pATha chapAyo hoya te ja pRSTha para te pAThanA nirdhAraNa mATe upayogamAM lIdhelI sarva sAmagrI prastuta karavAthI vAcakane ghaNI saraLatA rahe che. ane moTA bhAganAM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanomAM A ja paddhati samAna rIte apanAvavAmAM AvelI hoya che. 1 ahIM ApaNe eka bAbatanI vicAraNA karI nathI. jyAre lekhakano svahastalekha ane tenI pratilipi (pachI bhale te tAtkAlika arthAt prathama pratilipi hoya ke pAchaLanImadhyavartI pratilipi hoya) vacce samayano moTo gALo na hoya ane pratilipi pAThyagraMthanI bacelI zreSTha hastaprata hoya to sarvottama paddhati e che ke pratane alpatama parivartana sAthe, pratilipikAranI dekhItI ane anivArya bhUlone sudhArI laI chApI devI ane anya mahattvapUrNa hastaprato tenAthI judI paDatI hoya tenI noMdha samIkSAtmaka sAmagrImAM karavI, jo ke A paddhati maryAdita pramANamAM ja kAryakSama che ane te chellAM sAtaso ke AThaso varSamAM thaI gayelA lekhakonI kRtione ja lAgu paDe che. udAharaNa tarIke, jJAnezvarInI eka pratilipi astitvamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che, je jJAnadevanA mULa lipikAra (amanuensis) saccidAnaMda bAbAnA ziSye zaka saMvata 1272mAM (I.sa.1350)1 svahastalekha pachInA sATha varSanA ja gALAmAM taiyAra karI hatI. A kRtinI ekanAtha pUrvenI anya hastapratonA abhAvamAM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana karanAra mATe eka ja rasto khullo che ane te e ke kevaLa dekhItI lekhanagata bhUlone sudhArI laI A hastapratano pATha chApI devo ane anya sarva hastaprato jemanA para temano samaya aMkita karavAmAM Avyo hoya tathA jemanA 52 samayAMkana na thayuM hoya chatAM je mahattvapUrNa hoya ane prAcIna dekhAtI hoya evI sarva hastapratonAM pAThAntaro samIkSAtmaka TippaNamAM noMdhavAM. jo AthI paNa vadhu prAcIna samayanI koI pratilipi maLI Ave ane A hastaprata sAthe tenI tulanA karatAM A navI maLI AvelI pratilipi uccatara jaNAya to have ApaNuM kArya A vadhu prAcIna pratilipinA pAThane svIkAravAnuM ane bIjI hastapratanI madadathI te pAThanI prAmANikatA 1. A hastapratanI mAIkrophilma Dekkana kaoNleja risarsa insTiTyUTamAM che. hastapratanA samayano bIjo AMkaDo bhUMsAI gayo che. paraMtu tenA pAThone AdhAre hastaprata I.sa. 1350mAM lakhAyelI kharekharI mULa prata nahi to paNa te mULa prata (svahastalekha) parathI ja taiyAra karelI pratilipi hovAnuM avazya mAnI zakAya. A hastapratanI zodha ane tenI mAIkrophilma A insTiTyUTanA rajisTrAra DaoN. Ara.jI. harSenI dhagazane AbhArI che.

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92 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA cakAsI levAnuM tathA pahelAMnI jema ja saghaLAM pAThAntaro samIkSAtmaka TippaNamAM noMdhavAnuM raheze. I.sa.1200 pachI thaI gayelA lekhako mATe pATha-samIkSAnI samasyA bahu vikaTa nathI ane ApaNI prAcInatama tema ja zreSTha hastaprata tathA svahastalekha vaccenA samayano gALo ghaNo moTo na hoya to A paddhati svIkArI zakAya. dhArmikatAne raMge raMgAyelI kRtiomAM ghaNIvAra saMcaraNa daramyAna ghaNAM parivartana anivAryapaNe pravezatAM hoya che ane ahIM sUcavelI paddhati temane lAgu pADI zakAze nahIM. udAharaNa tarIke, lIlAzuka bilvamaMgalanI racanA "kRSNAmRtam' be vAcanAomAM prApta thAya che ane lAMbA samaya sudhI vyavasthitapaNe saMmizraNa (conflation) cAlyA karyuM hovAne kAraNe sarvottama vartamAna hastapratonA pAThone pramANabhUta TharAvIne tenA mULa pATha sudhI pahoMcavuM zakya nathI. AvA kissAomAM anusaMdhAna (Heuristics), saMskaraNa (Recensio) ane saMzodhana (Emendatio)nI niyamita paddhatino ja upayoga karavo joIe. keTalIka mahattvanI na gaNAya tevI racanAonI bAbatamAM be ke traNathI vadhu hastaprato astitva ja dharAvatI na hoya e saMbhava che. ane adhikRta vAcanAnI samasyA ahIM ghaNI saraLa banI jAya che. jo eka ja vAcanA najare paDatI hoya to sarvottama hastapratane Adarza (norm) tarIke svIkAravAnI raheze. jo be vAcanAo astitva dharAvatI hoya to vaMzAnukrama paddhatine AdhAre adhikRta vAcanA taiyAra thaI zakaze. saMpAdakane jyAre vaidiketara pAThyagraMtho - jevA ke rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ane purANo - sAthe kAma karavAnuM hoya che tyAre temanAM samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa taiyAra karavAmAM kharI muzkelI tene anubhavAze. AvA saMpAdananuM sarvazreSTha udAharaNa pUnAnA bhAMDArakara oriyenTala risarca InsTiTyUTa dvArA hAtha dharavAmAM Avela mahAbhAratanuM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana che. AdiparvanA temanA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanamAM sukathanakare jemano prayoga karyo che ane jemane paripUrNa banAvyA che te siddhAMto ane paddhationI avagaNanA purANo ke temanA jevI ja kaThina anya kRtionuM AvA prakAranuM kAma hAtha dharanAra koI paNa saMpAdaka karI zake nahi.

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pariziSTa-1 93 pariziSTa-1 pATha - samIkSAmAM pracalita keTalAka mahattvanA pAribhASika zabdonI sUci akSaralopa (Lipography athavA Parablepsia) : koipaNa prakArano varNa athavA akSarano lopa. adhikRta vAcanA (Critical Recension) : pAThyagraMthanuM yathAzakya mUlasvarUpa. juo - samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa. anumAna (Conjecture) : hastapratanA pramANa karatAM AgaLa vadhI sAmAnya buddhi dvArA thatA tarkanI prakriyA dvArA pAThyagraMthanA amuka pAThanirNaya mATe mAnavIya medhAvitAno prayoga. A prakAre saMzodhita pAThane "anumAnAtmaka saMzodhana' (Conjectural emendation) kahe che. anumAnita samAna pUrvaja (Hypothetical Common Ancestor) : je hastaprata Aje vartamAna na hoya paraMtu vartamAna hastapratonA pArasparika saMbaMdhane samajAvavA mATe bhUtakALamAM koI samaye jenuM astitva dhArI levuM paDe tevI hastaprata. A hastapratane AvI badhI ja hastapratono mUlasrota mAnavAmAM Ave che. anulekhanIya saMbhAvanA (Transcriptional Probability): juo - dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA. anusaMdhAna (Heuristics) : pATha-samIkSA mATenI sAmagrI (hastaprato, sahAyaka sAmagrI, vagere) ekatrita karavI ane temano paraspara saMbaMdha sthApita karavo te. apapAThaH (Mislection) azuddha pATha, doSayukta pATha. arthaghaTana (Exegesis): saMzodhanano Azraya lIdhA vinA ja hastapratonA abhisAkSya pramANa) dvArA prastuta thatI sAmagrImAMthI baMdhabesatA arthanI tAravaNI. "saMzodhana' A abhisAzyathI AgaLa javAno prayAsa kare che. azuddhi (Corruption) : bhUlone kAraNe pedA thatI vikRti - pAThanA koI paNa zabda yA paricchedanuM kSatiyukta arthAt dUSita svarUpa. aMtaraMga (Ansara) saMbhAvanA (Intrinsic Probability) : pAThanA saMdarbha para AdhArita saMbhAvanA. Antarika arthAt Avazyaka saMbhAvanA. Akasmika (Accidental) : je jANI joIne yA IrAdApUrvaka na karavAmAM AvyuM hoya, je

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA kevaLa akasmAtathI banyuM hoya te. khAsa karIne jyAre umero, truTio yA lopa jANIbUjhIne na thayAM tyAre A zabda prayojAya che. Adarzaprata (Exemplar) : je hastaprata AgaLanA pratilipIkaraNa mATenI "prata' bane, je namUnAnA mUlasrotamAMthI pratilipio taiyAra karavAmAM Ave te prata. sarakhAvo saMskRtamAM pustam AnumAnika pAThAntara (Presumptive variant) : saMmizrita hastapratamAMnA ekalavAyA pATha. sAmAnya saMyogomAM AvA pAThane pATha-nirdhAraNa mATe avagaNavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu te azuddha hovA saMbaMdhI pramANanA abhAvamAM te svataMtra pATha tarIkenuM mahattva dharAve che ane Ama pAThAntara tarIke gaNAvAne hakadAra che. AnuvaMzika paddhati (Genealogical Method): juo - vaMzAnukrama paddhati. uccatara samIkSA (Higher Criticism) : pAsamIkSAnI praziSTa paddhati pramANe pAThasamIkSAnuM caturtha arthAt aMtima sopAna. ahIM lekhaka dvArA upayukta srotonuM pRthakkaraNa che. upa-pAThAntara (Sub-variant) : upavAcanAmAM yA rUpAntaramAM noMdhAyela pAThAntara, jenI sAmAnya saMyogomAM mUlAdarzanA pATha-nirdhAraNa mATe upekSA karavAmAM Ave che paraMtu je vAcanAnA pATha-nirdhAraNa mATe Avazyaka bane che. upa-mUlAdarza (Hyparchetypus athavA Sub-archetype) : pAThyagraMthanA saMcaraNamAM mUlAdarza pachIno vartamAna hastapratono kAlpanika mUlasrota. saMcaraNa-paraMparAmAM prathama vighaTanano prAraMbha mUlAdarzathI thAya che; upa-mUlAdarza dvitIya vighaTana sUcave che. upa-vAcanA (Sub-recension) : koI paNa vAcanA saMcaraNa daramyAna vividha zAkhAomAM vibhAjita bane che. AgaLa jatAM A zAkhAo vadhu vibhAjananA srota bane che. A srotane upa-vAcanAo kahe che. upAtta TippaNI (Marginalia) : hAMsiyAmAM karelI noMdha. ghaNIkharI hastapratomAM te jovA maLe che. gauNa (Secondary) : je "mULa' (Original) arthAtu lekhaka dvArA abhipreta na hoya, tema chatAM pATha-saMcaraNanA vividha tabakkAomAM jene sthAna prApta thAya tene mATe prayojAto zabda. be hastaprato yA rUpAntarono gauNa saMbaMdha eTale saMcaraNamAM mUlAdarza pachInA koI eka samAna srota yA srotomAMthI te baMnenuM UtarI AvavuM te. TippaNa (Gloss) pAThamAMnA zabdane samajAvavA hAMsiyAmAM athavA be paMktionI vacce mUkavAmAM Avato zabda.

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pariziSTa-1 5 dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA (Documental Probability) : saMbhAvanAno eka prakAra, je dvArA eka zabdamAMnA amuka varNonA bIjA zabdanA varNo sAthe dekhAvanA sAmyane AdhAre eka zabdamAMthI bIjA zabdamAM parivartana kaI rIte thayuM te samajAvI zakAya. pATha (Text, reading) : graMthanuM (likhita) svarUpa, likhita aMza. pAThabheda (Differentia) : pAThonI bhinnatA, pAThonI asaMgati, je hastaprato athavA rUpAntaro (versions) svataMtra hovAno saMketa karatI hoya. pAThAntara (Variant) : vividha pAThomAMno eka pATha, je pATha ApaNe je graMthanuM pATha-nirdhAraNa karI rahyA chIe teno pATha hoI zake. pAThAntara-dhAraka (Variant-bearer) : je hastapratanA pAThone prastuta graMthanA pATha-nirdhAraNa mATe lakSamAM levAmAM Ave te hastaprata. pArasparika pATha (Traditional reading) : jene hastaprato ane sahAyaka sAmagrI e baMnenuM anumodana maLatuM hoya tevo pATha. punarAvRtti (Dittography) : juo punarlekha punarlekha (Dittography) : koI eka akSara, zabda yA zabdasamUhane 'Akasmika' rIte be vAra lakhavA te. puSpikA (Colophon) : hastapratano athavA tenA eka vibhAgano aMtima aMza, jemAM kRtinA eka vibhAganI, tenA eka khaMDanI ke pachI saMpUrNa kRtinI parisamApti darzAvavAmAM AvI hoya. pothI : chuTAM pAnAMnI banelI hastaprata (A manuscript volume). prakSepa : (Interpolation) : pAThamAM (mULamAM na hoya evA) zabdo, paricchedo pAchaLathI umeravA te. pracalita (lokapracalita) pATha (Vulgate) : koI paNa kRtino sAmAnya rIte prApta thato sAdhAraNIkRta (normalized) pATha. mULa to vulgate zabda i.sa. cothI saddInA aMtamAM jeroma dvArA taiyAra karAyela bAIbalanA leTina rUpAMtara mATe prayojAto hato. paNa lakSaNA dvArA te koI paNa graMthanA 'samIkSita pATha' virUddha 'lokaprasiddha ane bahujanasvIkRta pATha' mATe prayojAya che. (leTina : vulgate). pratilipi (Transcript) : Adarza pratamAMthI banAvelI nakala. prazasti : pAThyagraMthanA prAraMbhamAM athavA pAThyagraMthanAM prakaraNonA AraMbhamAM jovA maLatAM prazaMsAtmaka padyo. bahiraMga (bAhya) saMbhAvanA (Extrinsic Probability) : Ano saMbaMdha saMdarbhIya aMtaraMga

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96 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA saMbhAvanA sAthe nathI, paraMtu paricchedanA artha sivAyanI anya bAhya paristhitio sAthe che. sarakhAvo-dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA. bRhat pATha (vAcanA) (Textus Ornatior) : juo vistRta pATha (vAcanA) mizraprata (Mische-codex) : je hastapratamAM svataMtra paraMparAonA vibhinna pravAho gUMthAI gayA hoya, bhaLI gayA hoya evI prata, saMmizrita hastaprata. mUlAdarza (Archetype) : mUla Adarzaprata. koI eka zAkhA (kuLa) arthAt hastaprata-samUhanA kAlpanika samAna pUrvaja mATe prayojAto zabda. sAmAnya rIte hastaprata-samUhanA koI paNa kAlpanika samAna pUrvaja mATe A zabda prayojAya che. pachI bhale te saMcaraNanuM vibhinna zAkhAomAM vibhAjana thAya te pUrve svahastalekhamAMthI udbhavelI prathama hastaprata hoya athavA to saMcaraNamAM prathama vibhAjana thAya te pachInI saMcaraNamAMnI madhyavartI kAlpanika kaDI hoya. paraMtu vizeSa cokasAInI dRSTie je hastapratamAMthI saMcaraNa daramyAna sarva prathama vighaTananI prakriyAno prAraMbha thayo te saghaLI upalabdha hastapratonA samAna mUlasrota mATe A zabdane ArakSita rAkhavo vadhu ucita che. saMcaraNanI dRSTie vaccenI kaDIo mATe 'upamUlAdarza' (Hyparchetypus athavA Sub-archetype) zabda prayojI zakAya. rUpAntara (Version) : upa-vAcanAmAMthI AgaLa thatuM vibhAjana, ane upavAcanA na hoya to vAcanAmAMthI thatuM vibhAjana. roTogrApha (Rotograph): eka viziSTa prakriyA dvArA hastapratanAM eka yA vadhu pAnanI kALA padArtha para sapheda chApa. laghupATha (vAcanA) (Textus Simplicior) : juo saMkSipta pATha (vAcanA) luptAMza (Lucuna): hastapratamAMthI keTaloka aMza naSTa thavAthI yA bhUMsAI javAthI utpanna thayelI khAlI jagyA. lopa (Omisson) : game te prakAre lakhANamAM kaMIka rahI javuM te. varNalopa (Lipography) : juo akSaralopa. vaMzavRkSa (Stemma Codicum) : hastapratono vaMzAnukrama vaMzavRkSa rUpe darzAvavAnI eka pracalita paddhati. vaMzAnukrama (Pedigree) : vartamAna vividha hastapratonA pArasparika saMbaMdhane vaMzavRkSa rUpe darzAvavo te. vaMzAnukrama paddhati (Genealogical Method) : je paddhatine AdhAre hastapratone paraspara evI rIte sAMkaLI zakAya ke jethI temanuM vaMzavRkSa taiyAra thaI zake. A paddhati

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pariziSTa-1 dvArA vibhinna hastapratone temanA mUlasrotomAMthI UtarI AvelI darzAvAya che ane temano pArasparika saMbaMdha spaSTa thAya che. vAcanA (Recension): A zabda sAmAnya rIte saMcaraNa daramyAna mUlAdarzamAMthI pAkyagraMthanA vibhinna zAkhAo - paraMparAomAM thatA prathama vibhAjana mATe prayojAya che. vAcanAnA kramazaH upazAkhAomAM thatAM vibhAjanamAMthI ApaNane "upavAcanA" prApta thAya che. temAMthI uttarottara vibhAjana thatAM "rUpAntara ane tethI AgaLa "uparUpAntara' prApta thAya che. vistRta pATha (vAcanA) (Textus Ornatior) : jemAM pAThyagraMthano vistRta pATha sacavAyelo hoya te vAcanA yA rUpAMtara yA hastaprata. zodhapatra: keTalAka pariccheda zarUAtanI pratilipimAM lahiyA dvArA ajANatAM rahI gayA hoya athavA anya hastapratomAM te maLatA hoya ane lahiyAe, saMpAdake yA hastapratonA mAlike tenI potAnI pratilipimAM umeryA hoya. AvA paricchedone hastapratamAM eka vadhArAnA pAna para lakhavAmAM Ave tene zodhapatra kahe che. samavarNalopa (samAkSaralopa) (Hypography): game te prakAre lakhANamAM kaMIka rahI javuM te. samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa (Critical Recension): pAThyagraMthane zakya hoya tyAM sudhI tenA mULa svarUpa sudhI laI javo te. 'mULa svarUpa"no artha ApaNe lekhaka dvArA abhipreta svarUpa' ema ghaTAvIe chIe. samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI (Apparatus Criticus) : koI eka mULa pAThyagraMthanI vibhinna hastapratonA saMtulanamAMthI tAravelI sAmagrI, jene AdhAre adhikRta vAcanA taiyAra thaI zake. sAmAnya rIte svIkRta pAThanI nIce tene vyavasthita rUpe rajU karavAmAM Ave che. te sivAya alaga pariziSTa rUpe paNa tene rajU karI zakAya. sahAyaka sAmagrI (Testimonium) : pratyakSa dastAvejIya pramANa (hastaprato) sivAyanAM parokSa pramANo, jema ke udAharaNo, TIkAo, anuvAdo, saMkSepo, sArasaMgraho, pratikAvyo (Parody) AdimAM prApta thatAM pramANa, je saMcarita pATha(mULapATha)nI sthitino nirNaya karavAmAM sahAyarUpa bane. saMketa (sAMketika) cihna (Siglum) : (hastapratanuM) saMkSipta oLakha cihna, sAmAnyata: varNamAlAno koI akSara athavA koI saMkhyA athavA baMneno samanvaya, je dvArA samIkSAtmaka sAmagrImAM hastapratane darzAvavAmAM Ave. saMkSipta pATha(vAcanA) (Textus simplicior): je vAcanA, rUpAMtara yA hastapratamAM vadhu TUMko pATha sacavAyelo hoya. saMca(cA)raNa (Transmission) : mULamata athavA te pachInI hastapratomAMthI pratilipIkaraNanI lAMbI paraMparA dvArA pAThyagraMthanuM saMrakSaNa. A saghaLI hastaprato

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98 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA chevaTe to eka ja srotamAM maLI jatI hoya che.jemAM pAThyagraMthane koI prakAranuM 'saMrakSaNa' na maLe tevA saMcAraNane avyavasthita saMcAraNa kahe che. A prakAramAM pariNAme azuddhi, mizraNa, prakSepa AdinI tako vadhu rahe che. jemAM pAThanI yogya surakSA mATe anukUla paristhiti pravartatI hoya ane pratilipi karavAnuM kArya adhikArI varganI dekharekha nIce karavAmAM Ave, jeo lahiyAonA kAryanuM nirIkSaNa karatA rahe, tene saMrakSita saMcAraNa kahevAya. saMca(cA)rita pATha (Transmitted reading) : kevaLa hastaprato dvArA pramANita pATha; mUlAdarzano pATha. saMtulana (Collation) : koI eka hastapratanA srota yA srotomAM zuM raheluM haze teno nirNaya karavAmAM upayogI bane tevAM hastapratamAM samAyelAM saghaLAM pramANone ekatrita karavAM te. saMbhAvanA (Probability): vividha prakAranI saMbhAvanAo viSe juo dastAvejIya saMbhAvanA, bahiraMga saMbhAvanA, aMtaraMga saMbhAvanA. anulekhanIya saMbhAvanA. saMmizraNa (Conflation): svataMtra saMcaraNa-paraMparA (zAkhA)onI vibhinna hastapratonI paraspara sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM vibhinna paraMparAonuM thatuM mizraNa yA ekIkaraNa. AvA saMmizraNane pariNAme je hastaprata utpanna thAya tene saMmizrita hastaprata kahe che. saMmizrita hastaprata (Conflated manuscript) : juo mizraprata. saMzodhaka (Corrector) : je vyakti lahiyAe taiyAra karelI pratilipine pharI vAMcI jAya ane Adarzaprata sAthe tene sarakhAvI temAM pravezelI lahiyAnI bhUlo sudhArI le te saMzodhaka. ghaNIvAra te lahiyo pote paNa hoI zake. saMzodhana (Emendatio) : pAThasamIkSAnI praziSTa paddhati anusAra pAThasamIkSAnuM tRtIya sopAna, je dvAsa saMcarita pAThane zakya hoya tyAM sudhI tenA mULa svarUpe - lekhake lakhyuM hoya te svarUpe pahoMcADI zakAya. saMskaraNa (Recensio) : samIkSAtmaka cakAsaNI. upalabdha pAThane tenA mUlAdarzanA pATha sudhI pahoMcADavo te. sAragrAhI (Eclectic): badhI sAmagrIne lakSamAM levI, vibhinna srotomAMthI pasaMdagI karavI. svahastalekha (Autograph) : pAThyagraMthanI mULaprata,je lekhake svayaM lakhI hoya athavA lekhake pote vAMcI jaI potAne hAthe sudhArI lIdhI hoya. hastaprata (Manuscript) : koI paNa pAThyagraMthanI hastalikhita prata.

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pariziSTa-2 pariziSTa-2 bhArata tathA anya dezomAM saMskRta tathA anya bhASAonI hastapratonI graMthasUci banAvavAnA kAryanA itihAsa ane vikAsano saMkSipta paricaya (I.sa.1800 thI 1941). lekhanakalAno pracAra thayo tyArathI mAMDIne atyAra sudhI ApaNA pUrvajoe hastaprato pratye ati saMmAnanI bhAvanA sevI che. te sivAya ApaNAM jIvana ane saMskRtine vyApta karanAra vipula vaividhya dharAvatA vicAronuM saMcAraNa azakya banyuM hota. peDhI dara peDhI cAlatA graMthonA maukhika saMcAraNane, jema RgvadanI bAbatamAM banyuM che tema, RSionA A mahAna sarjanane, bhUfpatra tAlapatra (tADapatra) athavA ApaNA pUrvajone te samaye upalabdha anya sAdhano dvArA likhita svarUpa ApavAnA sarvaprathama prayAsane lIdhe ThIka ThIka sugamatA sAMpaDI haze. bhAratamAM I.sa. pUrvenA hastapratonA lekhananA itihAsanuM punarnirmANa karavuM kaThina che. paraMtu I.sa.nA prAraMbha pachInA hastapratanA itihAsa viSe 1. meksamUlare tenA History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature" (1859) mAM lekhanakalAnA prAraMbhanI samasyA viSe sattAvIsa jeTalAM pRSThomAM carcA karI che.(meksamUlaranA itihAsanA pANini ophise karelA punarmudraNanAM pRSTha 57 thI 270), cAlIsa varSa pachI Do. bUlare temanuM Indian Palaeography nAmanuM pustaka prasiddha karyuM. meksamUlare temanA itihAsanA aMta bhAgamAM viSayasUci Index) nI prastAvanAmAM DaoN. bUlarano AbhAra mAnyo che. ahIM Do. bUlarano ullekha prophesara benkenA vidyArthI tarIke karavAmAM Avyo che. "The Dawn" nAmanA mAsikamAM (kalaktA, jAnyuArI-1901) sara jadunAtha sarakAre (te samaye paTaNA kaoNlejamAM aMgrejInA prAdhyApaka) nyUlaranA "Indian Palaeography no sArAMza Apyo che, jemAM I.sa.pU.350thI mAMDIne I.sa.1300 sudhIno bhAratIya varNamAlAno itihAsa AlekhavAmAM Avyo che. 2. draSTavya - ejana - pR.2-3 ane ane A pustakanuM pariziSTa 3.

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100 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA evuM nathI. kAraNa ke A pAchaLanA samayanI bAbatamAM I.sa.nI zarUAtanI sadIomAM lakhAyelI keTalIka hastaprato ApaNane A prakAranA abhyAsa mATe upalabdha che. bhUrjapatra Adi para lakhAyelI A hastaprato sivAya tAjetaramAM brahmadezamAM mAjhAmAM khodakAma daramyAna cArlsa duroIjhalane eka hastaprata maLI che, jemAM vIsa suvarNapatro che. dareka patra 52 eka bAjue lakhANa kotaravAmAM AvyuM che. A hastapratanI laMbAI 6- ane 1 "" ra 3. draSTavya - Archeological Servey of India (1926-27) nA ahevAlanuM pRSTha 179. jyAre A suvarNa hastaprata taiyAra thatI hatI tyAre cInAo temanI hastaprato mATe kAgaLano upayoga karatA hatA. (juo Journal of American Oriental Seciety Vol. 62, No. 2, jUna 1941, pR.71-76 para e.Dabalyu hyumnalano "The Development of the Bank in China" parano lekha. temAM cInI pustakanA kramazaH vikAsa Una tathA vAMsanI cIpamAMthI rezamanA yA kAgaLanA vIMTAmAM, vIMTAmAMthI vALelA AlbamamAM ane AlbamamAMthI Adhunika yuganA pRSThAMkita pustakamAM thayelA vikAsanI kathA ApaNane jovA maLe che.) ahIM ghUghummalanA atyaMta vidvatApUrNa ane mAhitIprada lekhamAMthI ApaNe A kalAnA prAcIna kAlAnukramane noMdhIe - I.sa.pU.teramI ane caudamI zatAbdIo - honAna prAMtamAMthI I.sa.1899mAM zodhAyelA aMdara kotarelA lakhANavALA kotaraNIvALA asthikalpita padArtho darzAve che ke A samaye (zAMga vaMza) pustako astitva dharAvatAM hatAM. A hADakAM para tema ja prAcIna kAMsA para 'graMtha' mATenuM citrAMkana yA citralekha (pictograph) jovA maLe che. I.sa.pU.prathama zatAbdI- cInI turkastAnanA raNanI retImAM hajAro paTTIo maLI AvI, jemAM lakhANa kotareluM che. I.sa.96- zAstronI vigatavAra yAdI dharAvatI lAkaDAnI 78 paTTIo svena heDInanI zodhayAtrAmAMnA (Azare daza varSa pUrve) pho bargamenane madhya eziyAmAMthI maLI AvI. I.sa.103- kAgaLanA zodhaka salpha' eIlunane pote taiyAra karelI sAmagrI rAjAne havAle karI. tsauI yuAna nAmanA eka vidvAne, jenuM mRtyu kAgaLa sarva prathama banAvavAmAM Avyo tyAra bAda 37 varSa pachI thayuM hatuM, tenA eka mitrane nIce pramANe lakhyuM che - huM tamane tattvaciMtaka hasUnI racanAo daza vIMTAmAM mokaluM chuM, rezama paranI prata mokalavA huM asamartha hovAthI mAre tamane kAgaLa para lakhAyela prata mokalavI paDe che.

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pariziSTa-2 101 pahoLAI 1" che. temAM "abhidhamma ane vinayapiTakomAMthI TUMkAM uddharaNo ApyAM che. purAlipizAstranI dRSTie A hastaprata brahmadezamAMthI Aja sudhImAM prApta thayela sauthI vadhu jJAnavardhaka zodha mAnavAmAM Ave che. A hastapratonA akSaro te ja sthaLe zodhAyela ane te ja samayanA (eTale ke chaThThI yA sAtamI zatAbdInA prAraMbhanA) vizALa rajata stUpanI uparanI ane nIcenI dhAronI upara kotarelA lakhANanA akSarone maLatA Ave che. A durlabha AviSkAro prAcIna loko hastapratonuM keTaluM mahattva AMkatA hatA te darzAve che ane itihAsanA parivartanazIla yugomAM rAjakIya viparyayo thavA chatAM je pavitra bhAvanAthI temanAM saMbhALa ane saMrakSaNa karatA hatA te batAve che. A badhI saMbhALa ane pavitratA chatAM tema ja bhArata ane bRhattara bhAratamAM sacavAyela hastapratonI samRddhi chatAM paNa bhAratamAM briTiza lokonA AgamananA prAraMbhika samaya daramyAna hastapratono vinAza na kahIe to paNa upekSA to sarvasAmAnya bAbata hatI. AnAM keTalAMka kAraNo hatAM, jemane ahIM carcavAM jarUrI nathI. ApaNI hastapratonA samIkSAtmaka adhyayananI bAbatamAM ApaNe yuropanA vidvAnonA ghaNA RNI chIe ane bhAratIya vidyA(Indology)no prAraMbhika itihAsa temanA jIvana ane parizrama sAthe gADha rIte saMkaLAyelo che. sara viliyama jonsa, 4. eDavarDa mUre tenA TIpu sulatAna sAmenI kAryavAhInA bayAna(Narrative) mAM (laMDana, 1794) karNATakI dastAvejo viSe keTalIka TIppaNI karI che :- "amArI mAnyatA pramANe, sArvajanika tathA mahattvapUrNa bAbatamAM karNATakI loko sAmAnya kAgaLa para lakhe che. paraMtu temanA sAmAnya hisAbo ane lakhANo teo sapheda pensilathI kALA kAgaLa para athavA ApaNA sleTa pepara jevI racanAvALA kApaDa para lakhe che. vaLI temanI pensila phreMca caoNkane ghaNuM maLatuM AvatuM jIvAzma (pASANabhUta dravya : fossil) che. mUrane A dastAvejonA namUnA DorIDragamAM AvelAM eka bauddha maMdiramAM rAkhavAmAM Avela DhagalAbaMdha dastAvejomAMthI prApta thayA, paraMtu A badhA ja spaSTapaNe hisAbanA copaDA hatA. mahArASTranA saMta rAmadAse (sattaramI sadI) temanA mahAgraMtha "dAsabodha'mAM lekhananirUpaNa' nAme eka khAsa prakaraNa rAkhyuM che, jemAM devanAgarI lipimAM hastapratonA lakhANa tathA temanA saMrakSaNa viSe vigatavAra sUcanAono samAveza thAya che. bhAratIya purAlipizAstranA vidyArthIonA lAbhArthe ame bhaviSyamAM teno aMgrejI anuvAda ApavA IcchIe chIe.

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102 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA meksamUlara, kolabUka ane anya vidvAnonA samUhe karelAM kAryoe sAmAnyataH bhAratIya vidyA ane vizeSataH saMskRta adhyayananA kSetramAM samIkSAtmaka adhyayananA pAyA nAkhyA che. 5. bhAratIya vidyAmAM saMzodhana kSetro samIkSAtmaka adhyayanano saMbaMdha khAsa karIne hastapratonA saMgraha tathA temanI yAdIo athavA graMthasUcio (catalogues) chapAvavAnA vicAra sAthe saMkaLAyela che. A vicAranA udbhava ane vikAsanI carcA DaoN.esa ke. belavalakare Descriptive Catalogue of the Govt. MSS Library muMbaI, 1916 (hAla bhAMDArakara orienTala risarca InsTiTyUTa, pUnAnA kabajAmAM)nA prathama volyumanI prastAvanA (Amukha)mAM prazasya rIte karI che. A utpatti ane vikAsano prAraMbhika kAlAnukrama ApaNe ahIM noMdhIe - Azare I.sa.1774 thI 1779 - sara robarTa cembarsa, je sara viliyama jonsa ane barkanA mitra hatA tathA keTalAka samaya mATe baMgALanI "eziyATika sosAyaTInA pramukha hatA, eka pustakAlaya jeTalA bhAratIya graMtho ekatrita karyA hatA. (juo vebaranI barlina hastapratonI graMthasUci, 1853nI "Vorrede" arthAt prastAvanA) saMskRta hastapratonA te advitIya saMgrahane pAchaLathI I.sa. 1842mAM praziyAnI sarakAre kharIdI lIdho hato ane barlinanI Impiriyala lAyabrerImAM rAkhyo hato. 1779 - sara viliyama jonsa zAkuntalanuM temaNe kareluM agrejI bhASAntara prasiddha karyuM. 1782 - karnala mekenjhIe "madrAsa esTAblizamenTa'mAM Ijanera tarIke bhAratamAM padArpaNa karyuM. 1796-1806 - mekenjhIne dakSiNanI tapAsa karavAnuM kAma soMpavAmAM AvyuM. pAchaLathI te bhAratanA "sarveyara janarala' banyA hatA. temaNe hastaprato, zilAlekho, plAno, nakazAo ane anya prAcIna sAmagrI ekatrita karI. temano saMgraha IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIe 10,000 pAunDa ApI kharIdyo hato. 1828-mekenjhInA saMgrahanI eca.eca. vilsane taiyAra karelI graMthasUci prasiddha thaI. 1868 (dasamI me) - lAhora darabAranA mukhya paMDita paM. rAdhAkRSNa, vAIsarAya ane bhAratanA gavarnara janaralane eka patra pAThavyo, jemAM bhArata sarakArane temaNe bhAratanA ghaNA pradezomAM astitva dharAvatI saMskRta, arebika ane paziyana pustakonI graMthasUci ekatrita karavA Adeza ApavA badala abhinaMdana ApyA hatA, ane bhArata tathA yuropamAM vartamAna badhI saMskRta hastapratonI graMthasUci taiyAra karavAnA kAryanI AvazyakatA para bhAra mUkyo hato.

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pariziSTa-2 103 samIkSAtmaka adhyayanano itihAsa pratyeka bhAratIya vidyAvizArada (Indologist) ne eTalo suvidita che ke A TUMkI noMdhamAM tenuM punarAvartana karavuM anAvazyaka che. ahIMnI carcA bhAratamAM hastapratonI graMthasUcinA itihAsa pUratI ja maryAdita raheze; jo ke bhAratIya saMskRta vidvAnone jeno pUro khyAla nathI tevI eka hakIkata ApaNe ahIM noMdhIe, ane te e che ke saMskRtamAM rasa pradarzita karanAra sarva prathama yuropIana eka jarmana IsAI hato. teno ullekha barniyare tenA pustaka "Travels"mAM tenA cothI okTobara 1967mAM lakhAyelA patramAM karyo che. ane tenuM pUruM nAma phAdhara henariza rotha hatuM. A vidvAne, yuropamAM ke bIje kyAMya paNa pustakarUpe kadI na chapAyelA yA kotarAyelA saMskRta bhASAnA prathama namUnAone bahAra ANyA. A namUnAo yAnsajhona dvArA 6. juo - "Papers relating to the Collection and Preservation of the Recerds of ancient Sanskrit Literature of India" e I. gapha, kalakattA, 1878. lejisleTiva kAunsilanA maMtrI zrI sTaoNksa hastapratone ekatrita karavA ane temanI sUci banAvavAnI yojanA taiyAra karI. A yojanAne bhArata sarakAre temanA sImalA, tA.311-1868nA hukama naM.7338-48 dvArA maMjUrI ApI. bhArata sarakAranA Adeza anusAra muMbaI sarakAre 1868nI dasamI Disembare DaoN. kilahorna ane DaoN.bUlarane mATe hastapratonI kharIdI karavA tA.1-11-1868nA roja amuka paisAnI jogavAI karI hatI. A paisAnI madadathI DaoN. bUlare ekatrita karelI hastaprato atyAre bhAMDArakara orienTala risarca InsTiTyUTamAM "sarakArI hastaprata graMthAlaya'nA I.sa.1866-68nA saMgraharUpe sacavAyelI che. hastapratonI zodhanA itihAsanI vadhu mAhitI mATe juo agAu ullekha karela DaoN. belavalakaranI prastAvanA (pariccheda 7 thI AgaLa). 7. kaoNnTebalanuM saMpAdana, laMDana, 1891, pR.329 para barniyara noMdhe che - mAre IsAI reva. phAdhara roA sAthe paricaya hato. janmathI teo jarmana hatA ane AgrAmAM dharmapracAraka (Missionary) hatA. temaNe saMskRtanA abhyAsamAM atyaMta praviNya prApta karyuM hatuM. temanuM puruM nAma phAdhara henariza rotha, esa. je. hatuM. te govA dharma pracAraka maMDaLa (Mission) sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. I.sa.1650-1660mAM teo govAthI AgrA tarapha AvyA ane A varSo daramyAna saMskRtano abhyAsa karyo. rotha Azare I.sa.166pamAM AgrAthI roma pAchA gayA. teo phAdhara kircara mATe aMdara kotarelA akSarovALI pAMca takatIo laI gayA. A takatIone kicare temanA China Illustrata mAM prakAzita karI, jeno ullekha barniyare (pR.332)karyo che. prathama cAra takatIomAM saMskRtanI varNamALA ane mULatattvo (devanAgarI mULAkSaro) leTina bhASAmAM samajAvavAmAM AvelAM che. pAMcamI takatImAM navA zikhAu mANasone mahAvaro thAya te mATe Our Lord's Prayer ane Ave Maria (bAIbalamAMthI)ne saMskRta tathA leTinamAM prastuta karyA che.

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104 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA I.sa.1667mAM AsTarDamamAM prakAzita thayelA, ethenisiyasa kicarA, esa.je.nA China Illustrata nA 162 ane 163 pAnA vacce jovA maLaze, jo ke, saMskRtanA prathama namUnA I.sa.1667 jeTalA vahelA chApavAmAM AvyA hatA, tema chatAM saMskRta hastapratonI sarvaprathama sUci I.sa.1807mAM eTale ke kicaranuM China Illustrata bahAra paDyuM tyAra pachI 240 varSe prakAzita thaI. I.sa. 1807thI mAMDIne bhAratamAMnI tathA bahAranI saMskRta ane anya hastapratonI sUci taiyAra karavAnA kAryano vikAsa prastuta noMdhanI pAchaLa joDelA graMthasUcionA sUcipatrane AdhAre taiyAra karelI nIcenI sAraNI parathI spaSTa thaze. :I.sa. | lekhaka yA saMgrahakartA hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna | graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa 1807 | 'Sir William Jone' Works" nA saMpAdaka 1828] eca.eca. vilsana 1838 phorTa senTa viliyama kalakattA 1846 1 oTo boTaliga seTa piTarsabarga seTa piTarsabarga 1853 e. vebara balina balina 1857 ] viliyama Telara phorTa senTa jyorja madrAsa 1859 phiTjhavarDa hola laMDana laMDana kalakattA kalakattA 8. juo barniyara kRta "Travels', pR.33ra, pAdaTIpa 1-3. 9. ejana, kircara (janma : I.sa.1602 ane avasAna I.sa.1680 romamAM) ekavAra yuTarsabargamAM paurvAtya bhASAonAM prAdhyApaka tarIke rahyA hatA. bhAratIya citrakalAne anusaranArAM anya viziSTa kotarakAmo mATe juo, China Illustrata pR.156-162. oNpheTa temanA Catalogus Catalogorum mAM tuTarsabargamAM pro.juliyasa jolInAM kabajAmAM tathA yuTarsabargamAM yunivarsiTImAM rahelI hastapratono ullekha kare che. (juo Catalogue Catalogorum III 4.8) 10. juo Sir William Jones' Work laMDana, 1807nuM volyuma 13, pR.401415. ahIM sara viliyama jonsa ane leDI jonse prastuta karelI "saMskRta ane anya paurvAtya hastapratonI graMthasUci' chApavAmAM AvI che.

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paridi2 : 105 1864 ' I.sa. | lekhaka yA saMgrahakartA | hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa 1861 TI.esa.konsAsvAmI ayyara phorTa senTa jayorja madrAsa 1864 | TI.esa.konDA svAmI ayyara | banAsa banArasa thioDora opheTa oksapharDa oksapharDa 1865 Ara. cothA TyUbingana Tyubingana - 1868 | Ara. lorensa khaTamaMDu (hastalikhita sUci) muMbaI IlAko (presiDensI) | muMbaI 1869 | epha. kalahorna sadharna Divijhana 1869 thioDora opheTa, kebrija kebrija 1870 | jemsa DI. elavisa silona 1870 1 e.sI.barnala laMDana 1871 jI. byulara gujarAta, kAThiyAvADa, kaccha, siMdha, khAnadeza 1871 rAjendralAla mitra klikattA 1872 jI. bUlara gujarAta surata 1874 epha. kalahorna madhyapradeza nAgapura 1874 vAyavya prAMto banArasa jI. nyUlara (1872-73) muMbaI 1875 je.esa.nesaphilDa audya 1875 | .bUlara (1874-75) giragAma (muMbaI). 1876 | jorja orTerara mponamAM Do. mArTina | myonA hoganA saMgraho 1876 | I.bI.kAuvala Aja I.bI.kAuvela ane |. je. eliga , laMDana - - - laMDana 1876 | ..... - | klikattA bona 1874 -

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106 bhAratIya pAsamIkSA I.sa. | lekhaka yA saMgrahakartA hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna | graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa kalakattA vAyavya prAMto 1877 | rAjendralAla mitra 1877 thI kalakattA 1877 | jI.bUlara vAyavya prAMto kAzmIra, rAjaputAnA ane madhyabhArata avadha . muMbaI alahAbAda 1878 | paDita devIprasAda 1878 jI.nesaphilDa ane devIprasAda 1878 | e.I.gapha kalakattA klakattA avadha saMskRta sAhitya ane tenI graMthasUci saMbaMdhI lekho vagere. avadha (1879-80) alahAbAda lAhora lAhora (1880-81) tAjora bikAnera laMDana klikatA muMbaI madrAsa dakSiNa bhArata 1879 pIDita davAprasAda 1879 paMDita kAzInAtha kuTe 1880 - 81 paMDita kAzInAtha kuMTe 1880 e.sI.banelA 1880 rAjendra mitra 1880 | Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara 1880 | gustAva oparTa -85 1881 paMDita devIprasAda 1881 epha. kIlone 1881 | epha. kalahone (1877-81) 1881 e.sIsomAM da korosa ane ema.liona phI 1882 | jI. byulara 1882 paDita kAzInAtha kuTe avadha muMbaI IlAko muMbaI pUnA pirisa vAna vIna gujarAnavAlA, dilhI ane | lAhora paMjAba

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pariziSTa-2 10 lekhaka yA saMgrahakata hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa laMDana latA muMbaI muMbaI oksapharDa kebrija muMbaI punA 1882 | eca. olDanabarga , laMDana 1882 ! rAjendralAla mitra nepALa 1882 Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara (1881-82) ... 1882 | bhAu dAjI saMgraha muMbaI 1883 / bInAnajIo bauddha tripiTakanA cInI anuvAdanI graMthasUci 1883 | sesila benDola kembrija 1883 [ pI. piTarsana (1882-83) [ muMbaI sarkala 1884 I.kIlahorna ane Ara.jI. pUnA bhAMDArakara (vizrAmabAga saMgraha) 1884 pI. piTarsana muMbaI sarkala 1884 Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara muMbaI IlAko 1886 e. vebara (volyuma-2). balina 1886 . pI.pITarsana muMbaI sarkala 1887 | Ara.jI. bhAMDArakara muMbaI IlAko 1887. ezlIMga InDiyA ophisanI hastaprata] 1888 ] esa.Ara.bhAMDArakara pUnA 1890 -1 paMDita devI prasAda audha prAMta muMbaI muMbaI balina muMbaI muMbaI lena laMDana muMbaI alahAbAda - 1892 alavara pI. pITarsana thioDora opheTa, 1892 phalorensa balina muMbaI lipajhiMga balina 1892 klaktA katA - 1892 1893. hRSikeza zAstrI sarakArI prAcya hastaprata graMthAlaya .madrAsa madrAsa - 1893 | Ara.jI. bhADArakara | muMbaI IlAko muMbaI

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108 i.sa. 22 lekhaka yA saMgrahakartA 1893 1894 1894 1894 Ara.jI. bhADAkakara 1895 pI.piTarsana 1895 haraprasAda zAstrI 1895 - | dRSikeza zAstrI ane 1902 zivacaMdra gui 1895 I.hulsa pI. piTarsana 1896 - e.epha.Ara.hornala ema.e.sTeina pI. piTarsana 1897 Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara 1898 haraprasAda zAstrI 1898 jI. DyUlara 1898 saMskRta ane tAmila hastaprato 1899 ricArDa gArbe 1899 pI. piTarsana 1900 1901 1901 -- 1939 1899 - paMDita kuMjavihArI nyAyabhUSaNa 1901 1900 1900 rAjendralAla mitra pI.korDIara (hastalikhita sUci) haraprasAda zAstrI thiDora ophrUTa esa kuppusvAmI ane anya anya (volyuma naM.1thI 27) hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna madhya eziyA jammu muMbai sarkala | muMbai ilAko muMbai sarkala baMgALa kalakattA dakSiNa bhArata muMbai sarkala muMbai ilAko baMgALa TyUbingana dakSiNa bhArata Tyubingana muMbaI sarkala kalakattA baMgALa baMgALa bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA 1895-1908no ahevAla lipajhiga madrAsa graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa klakattA kalakattA muMbai muMbaI muMbaI klakattA kalakattA madrAsa muMbai muMbaI kalakattA vIna madrAsa 99 Tyubingana muMbaI lakattA lakattA lipajhiga madrAsa

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pariziSTha-2 i.sa. 1901 1901 1902 1902 1902 1902 1904 1905 1905 1915 lekhaka yA saMgrahakartA 1916 e.vI.kAThavaTe e.keliAtana vhIzanuM saMkalana jaina zvetAMbara pariSada ema.da.jheDa. vikramasiMghe sesila benDola rAjendralAla mitra ema.vinTaraniTsa ane e.bI.kItha haraprasAda zAstrI ane sI. benDola 1906 1907 1907 1907 1908 1908 1908 1909 1909 pI.koDIara 1912 ema.e.sTeIna 1912 e.keliAtana 1913 - esa.kuppusvAmI zAsrI ane 39 haraprasAda zAstrI rAjendralAla mitra e.keliAtana esa.Ara. bhAMDArakara (jaina hastaprato) satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa esa.vidyAbhUSaNa thioDora oNphresTa anya pI.korDIara e.epha.Ara.hornale hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna muMbaI IlAko perisa (dakSiNa bhArata) laMDana bhAratamAMnI jaina hastaprato laMDana laMDana baMgALa oNksapharDa nepALa baMgALa perisa rAjaputAnA ane madhyabhArata kalakattA bauddagraMtho tibeTa nyUnzana perisa oNkasapharDa perisa madrAsa perisa pUrva turkastAna graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa muMbaI ... laMDana muMbaI laMDana laMDana lakattA oNksapharDa kalakattA kalaktA kalakattA perisa muMbaI kalakattA kalaktA lakattA myunzana perisa laMDana perisa madrAsa 109 perisa oNksapharDa

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110 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA , .sa. | lekhaka yA saMgrahakatAM hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa pUnA kilakattA peTrogrADa ArA banArasa kAkAnADA. vaDodarA maisUra banArasa vaDodarA 1916 | saMskRtanA prAdhyApako, Dekana pUnA kaoNleja, punA 1917 haraprasAda zAstrI kalakattA . 1918 | ena.DI.mironopha | peTrogrADa 1919 | supArzvadAsa guptA ArA. 1919 | gavarnamenTa saMskRta lAyabrerI banArasa (1897-1919) 1920 telugu ekeDemI kokAnADA 1921 Ara.e.zAstrI (kavIndrAcArya tAlikA) 1922 -gavarnamenTa orienTala lAyabrerI | maisUra 1923 | gopInAtha kavirAja banArasa 1923 sI.DI.dalAla ane jesalamera ela.bI.gAMdhI 1923 haraprasAda zAstrI kalakattA 1923 haraprasAda zAstrI, (itihAsa kalaktA ane bhUgoLa) 1924 jeksa bekoTa perisa 1925 esa.DI.velanakara 1925 jI.ke.zrIgoDekara ane | vaDodarA ke.e.rAmasvAmI zAstrI 1925 haraprasAda zAstrI kalakattA 1925 | haraprasAda zAstrI kalakattA 1925 bhAMDArakara orienTala risarca | pUnA. InsTiTyUTa 1926 hIrAlAla madhyapradeza ane varADa kalakattA kalakattA perisa | muMbaI muMbaI vaDodarA kalakattA kalakattA pUnA nAgapura

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parizi7-2 I.sa. | lekhaka yA saMgrahakartA | | hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa herI | ADayAra paTanA tAMjora maisUra ADayAra tAjera trivendrama 1926 | ADayAra lAyabrerI ADayAra 1927 ke.pI.jayasvAla ane mithilA anaMtaprasAda zAstrI 1928 | pI.pI.esa. zAstrI | | tAMjora - 1928 | gavarnamenTa orienTala lAyabrerI | maisUra 1928 | AdyAra lAyabrerI. AkyAra 1929 | marAThI hastaprato tAMjora, 1929 ke.sAmbaziva zAstrI trivendrama 1930 Ara. phika goTingana 1930 hemacaMdra gosvAmI AsAma 1930 | TI.Ara.gebIara perI oksapharDa 1930 - otAnI geMgAku lAyabrerI kyoto 31 1931 | haprasAda zAstrI laktA 1931 mArsala lAlola perisa 1932 ] paMjAba vizvavidyAlaya lAhora 1933 - esa.esa.devA balina klattA laMDana jyoto (jApAna) klakattA perisa lAhora dhaliyA , dhUliyA -38 mithilA paTaNA jhalarApATaNa klarApATaNa 1933 ] ke.pI. jayasvAla 1933 | zrI ailaka pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana 1934 | jIna philiyotsAta 1935 cintAharaNa cakravartI perisa perisa klakattA 1935 eca.Ara.kApaDiyA pUnA : pUnA laMDana 1935 oksapharDa e.bI.kItha ane epha. Dabalyu. thomasa

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112 I.sa. 1936 1936 1936 1937 lekhaka yA saMgrahakartA 1938 1938 1939 1940 1940 orieMTala mencuskripTsa lAyabrerI eca.Ara.kApaDiyA pI.ke.goDe ela.bI.gAMdhI tathA sI.DI. dalAla eca.AI.polamena esa.ke.belavalakara hastapratonuM saMgrahasthAna eca.DI.zarmA pI.ke.gorDe ujjaina pUnA pUnA pATaNa bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA graMthasUcinuM prakAzana sthaLa ujjaina amerikA tathA keneDA nyu hevana pUnA pUnA pUnA pUnA pUnA pUnA eca.Ara.kApaDiyA pUnA pUnA uparyukta sAraNI bhAratamAM yA paradezamAM sacavAyelI saMskRta ane anya bhASAnI hastapratonI graMthasUcinA itihAsa ane vikAsanuM vihaMgAvalokana karAve che. A itihAsa 1807 thI 1941nA Azare 135 varSanA gALAne AvarI le che. ahIM darzAvelI prakAzita graMthasUcionI yAdI koI rIte saMpUrNa nathI. kAraNa ke hastapratonI badhI ja prakAzita sUcio viSe vigatavAra mAhitI koI eka sthaLethI prApya na hatI. taduparAMta A noMdho bhAMDArakara orienTala risarca insTiTyUTa, pUnAmAM upalabdha evI AmAMnI keTalIka graMthasUcionA ja parIkSaNa para AdhArita che. jenuM kharekhara parIkSaNa karyuM nathI tevI graMthasUcionI noMdho oNphreTanA Catalogus Catalogorum(3 bhAga)mAMthI ane 1937mAM madrAsa yunivarsiTIe prakAzita karelA New Catalogus Catalogorum * mAMnA Provisional FasciculusmAMthI levAmAM AvI che, jo ke A graMthasUcinI prastuta yAdI kAmacalAu-ja che, tema chatAM te yuropanA bhAratIya vidvAnoe taiyAra karela bhAratIya hastapratonI graMthasUcinA itihAsa ane vikAsathI vAcakane paricita karavA pUratI che. A vikAsa chatAM, jene lIdhe bhAratIya vidvAnone temanI amara rASTrIya saMpattinuM mahattva samajAyuM che te hastapratonI vistRta sUcio (Descriptive Catalogue) prakAzita karavAnA kAryamAM jeTaluM dhyAna ApavuM joIe teTaluM apAyuM nathI. bhAratIya vidyA (Indology) nA kSetramAM thanAruM sarva prakAranuM saMzodhana A hastaprato 52 AdhArita che ane ApaNA itihAsa ane saMskRtinA A kSINa thatA srotono ApaNe jeTalo vahelo lAbha uThAvIzuM teTaluM ApaNA sAhitya ana itihAsane samRddha banAvavAnuM kArya vadhu sArI rIte pAra pUnA pUnA vaDodarA

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pariziSTa-2 113 paDaze. AthI evI sabaLa apekSA rAkhavI joIe ke prAMtIya sarakAro, bhAratIya rAjyonA rAjAo, vidvAnonI maMDaLIo athavA sArvajanika graMthAlayo, jemanA kabajAmAM bhAratamAMnA hastaprata-saMgraho rahelA che, potAnI sarva zakti, saMpatti ane dhyAna sAmAnya rIte temanI hastapratonI sUci taiyAra karavAmAM tathA vizeSa rIte vistRta sUcio'' taiyAra karavAmAM kendrita karaze. 11. juo Festchrift Prof. PV Kane. (1941)nAM pR.73-81. ahIM kalakattAnA pro.cintAharaNa cakravartIe hastapratonA adhyayana' viSe lakhyuM che ane hastapratonI ucita dekharekha ane temanI zAstrIya Dhabe graMthasUci mATe sarakArane hArdika apIla karI che. vaLI hastapratonI naphAkhorI badala zikSA karavA navo kAyado ghaDavAnuM paNa temaNe sUcana karyuM che. "Modern Review (sapTembara, 1941)mAM pro. cakravartInAM keTalAMka sUcanone kyAranuMya anumodana ApavAmAM AvyuM che.

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA graMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra yAdI 1807 Catalogue of Sanskrit and Other Oriental Manuscripts 242 ala4h ane leDI jonsa dvArA royala sosAyaTIne apAyelI bheTa, (Sir William Jones, Works, laMDana, 1807, volyuma 13, pR.401-415). 1828 Descriptive Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts collected by the late Lieut - Col. Colin Mackenzie - eca.eca. vilsana, kalakattA, 1828. - 1838 ' sUripurata (phorTa viliyama, kalakattAnI eziyATika sosAyaTI AdinI hastapratonI sUci) kalakattA, 1838. 1846 Verzeichniss der auf Indien bezuglichen Handschriften und Holzdrucke in Asiatischen - Museum oTo boTaliMga (Do. barna Dorna senTa piTarsabargamAM "Das Asiatische Museum mAM prakAzita karyuM), senTa piTarsabarga, 1846. Codices Indici bibliothecae Regiae Haviencis enumeratiet descript ena.ela. vesTagArDa, hevanI, 1846. 1853 Handschriften-Verziechnisse Koniglichen Bibliothek si.2012, barlina, 1853 (volyuma 1) 1857 Catalogu eraisonne of Oriental MSS in the Library of the College, Fort Saint George, now in charge of the Board of Examiners - 29. Call44 Telara. volyu 1, madrAsa, 1857.

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pariziSTa-2 115 1859 Contribution towards an Index to the Bibliography of the Indian Philosophical Systems - epha. hola, kalakattA, 1859. hola A sUcine "a tolerably complete indication of extant Hindu Sophistics' 4223 assa co. 1861 Alphabetical Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts in the Library of the Board of Examiners - TI. esa. koMDA svAmI ayyara, madrAsa, 1861. 1864 Catalogue of MSS in the Library of Benares Sanskrit College (Pandit Vol. II-IX, banArasa, 1864-74,nI puravaNIrUpe prakAzita) Catalogus Codicum Sanscriticorum Bibliothecae Bodleianae, kaoNnaphesiTa thiyoDora opheTa, oksonu, 1864. 1865 Verzeichniss Indischer Handshriften der Koniglischen 'Universitats - Bibliothek in Tubingen - TyUbinzanamAMnI rajavADI yunivarsiTI - graMthAlayamAM saMgrahAyelI bhAratIya hastapratonI sUci) pariziSTa. TuTagArTanA rajavADI sArvajanika graMthAlayamAM saMgrahAyelI bhAratIya hastaprato - Ara. rotha, TyUbingana, 1865. 1868 List of Sanskrit Works Supposed to be rare in the Nepalese Libraries of Khamandoo, (nIce sahI karanAra) Ara. lorensa, rahevAsI - nepAla resiDansI, 2 oNgasTa, 1868. 1869 A Classified and Alphabetical Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Southern Division of the Bombay Presidency - epha. kalahorna, vibhAga1, muMbaI, 1869. Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, kembrija, - thioDora opheTa, kembrija, 1869. . 1870 A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Pali and Sinhalese Library Works of Cylon - jemsa DI. elvisa, 1870.

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116 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA Catalogue of a Collection of Sanskrit MSS - e.sI. barnela, bhAga-2 (vaidika hastaprato), laMDana, 1870.. 1871 Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS, contained in the Private Libraries of Gujarat, Kathiawad, Kachchha, Sindh and Khandesh, bhAga-1 thI 4, 187173, jI. bUlara. Notices of Sanskrit MSS - rAjendralAla mitra, kalakattA, volyuma 1 thI 9 (1871 thI 1895). 1872 * Report on the result of the Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts in Gujarat during 1871-72, jI.bUlara, sUrata, 1872. 1874 Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts existing in the Central Provinces - epha. kalahorna, nAgapura, 1874. Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in Private Libraries of the North-West Provinces, bhAga-1, banArasa, 1874. 1875 Report of Sanskrit Manuscripts 1872-73, jI. bUlara, muMbaI, 1874. A Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts existing in Oudh 304 sapTembara, 1875 sudhI - je.esa. nesaphilDa. - 1876 Report on Sanskrit Manuscripts 1874-75, jI. blara, giragAMva, 1875. Verzeichniss der orentadschen aus dem Nachlasse des Professor Dr Martin Haug in Munchen (spenzanamAM pro.DaoN. mArTina hoganI bhAratIya graMthonI sUci) - Do. jorja orTarakara, yUnzana, 1876. Catalogue of Buddhist, Sanskrit MSS in the R.A.S. London (hogsanano saMgraha) - I.bI. kovela ane je.egaliMga, jarnala opha royala eziyATika sosAyaTI, ena.esa.1876 .

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graMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra yAdI Catalogi Librorum Manuscriptorum Orintalium a loanne Guildemeistero adorneti, guccha 7muM, bona, 1876. 1877 Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in the Library of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, bhAga-1 (vyAkaraNa) - rAjendralAla mitra, kalakattA, 1877. 10 Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in Private Libraries in the North Western Provinces, bhAga 1 thI 10 (1877 thI 1886). Detailed Report of a Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts made (in 1875-76) in Kashmir, Rajputana and Central India - jI. byUla2. (vadhArAno kramAMka 34e, volyUma 12, royala eziyATika sosAyaTInI muMbaI zAkhAnuM jarnala) muMbaI, 1877. 1878 List of Sanskrit MSS discovered in Oudh during the year 1877 - paMDita devIprasAda, alAhAbAda, 1878. List of Sanskrit MSS discovered in Oudh during the year, 1876, - taiyAra karanAra jhona nesaphIlDa, sahAyaka paMDita devIprasAda, kalakattA, 1878. Papers Relating to the Collection and Preservation of the Records of Ancient Sanskrit Literature - e. I. gapha, kalakattA 1978. " 1879 List of Sanskrit MSS discovered in Oudh (1979 daramyAna) - paMDita devIprasAda, alAhAbAda, 1879. Report on the Compilation of a Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS for the year 1979-80, paMDita kAzInAtha kunTe, lAhora. 1880 Report on Sanskrit MSS for the 1880-81, paMDita kAzInAtha kunde, lAhora. Classified Index to the Sanskrit MSS in the Palace of Tanjore - e.sI. barnela, laMDana, 1880. Catalogue of Sanskrit Manucripts in the Library of H.H. the Maharaja of Bikaner - rAjendralAla mitra, kalakattA, 1880.

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118 bhAratIya pAsamIkSA - A Report on 122 Manuscripts - Ara.jI. bhAMDArakara, muMbaI, 1880. Lists of Sanskrit MSS in Private Libraries of Southern India - gustAva oparTa, volyuma-1 (1880), volyuma-2 1885, madrAsa. 1881 Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS existing in Oudh - devIprasAda, guccha 3 thI 13 (1881 thI 1890). Report on the Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Presidency during 1880-8l. epha. kalahorna, muMbaI, 1881. Lists of Sanskrit Manuscripts purchased for Government during the years 1877-78 and 1869-78 and a List of the Manuscripts purchased from May to November 1888 - epha. kIlone, pUnA, 1881. Annales du Musee Guimet, volyuma-2, perisa, 1881. tAnjoranuM vizleSaNAtmaka nirUpaNa e. kosmA da. korasa ane ema. liona phIra dvArA karAvAmAM AvyuM che ane tAnjora saMbaMdhI sAmagrIno saMkSepa komA da. korose karyo che. 1882 Uber eine kurzlich fur die Wiener Universitat erworbene Sammlung von Sanskrit und Prakrit - Handscriften, - jyorja bUlara, vIna, 1882. Statement showing the old and rare MSS in Gujranwala and Delhi Districts Punjab . A tapAsa I.sa. 1881-82 daramyAna paMDita kAzInAtha kanTee hAtha dharI hatI. lAhora, 1882. | Catalogue of Pali Mss in the India Office Library -eca. olDanabarga,. laMDana, 1882 (pAlI TeksTa sosAyaTInA jarnalanuM pariziSTa, 1882). The Sanskrit Buddhist Literatre of Nepal- rAjendralAla mitra, kalakattA, 1882. A Report on the Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts during 1881-82 - Ara.jI. bhAMDArakara, muMbaI, 1882. Catalogue of Mss and Books belonging to the Bhau Daji. Memorial, Bombay, 1882. 1883 A Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka - bI. nAnjio, oNksaphorDa, 1883. " "

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graMthasUcionI kAlakAmAnusAra yAdI : 119 Catalogue of the Buddhistic Manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge - sesila benDola, kebrija, 1883. A Report on the Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Circle, August 1882 to March 1883.pI. piTarsana, royala eziyATika sosAyaTInI muMbaI zAkhAnA jarnala, volyuma 16no vadhArAno kramAMka 41, muMbaI, 1883. 1884 . Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in Mysore and Coorg - Ysa 21Sal, beMgalora, 1884, A Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the Deccan College, (be vizrAmabAga-saMgrahonI sUci) bhAga-1, epha. kalahonanA nirIkSaNa nIce taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo. bhAga-2 ane sUci (Index) Ara. jI. bhAMDArakaranA nirIkSaNa nIce taiyAra karavAmAM AvyAM. 1884. * A Second Report of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Circle, April-1883 to March 1884 . pI.pITarsana, royala eziyATika sosAyaTInI muMbaI zAkhAnA jarnala, volyuma 17no vadhArAno kramAMka 44, muMbaI, 1884. A Report on the Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Presidency during 1882-83, Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara, muMbaI, 1884. 1886 Verzeichniss der Sanskrit and Prakrit Handschriften (derk oniglichen Bibliothek in Berlin) - e. vebara, barlina, 1886. (A graMthasUci 1853mAM prakAzita thayela volyumanA anusaMdhAnamAM che ane temAM kramAMka 14051772nuM varNana che.) 1887. A Third Report of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Circle April 1884 to March 1886. pI. pITarsana, royala eziyATika sosAyaTInA muMbaI zAkhAnA jarnala, volyuma 17no vadhArAno kramAMka 45, muMbaI, 1887. A Report on the Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay : Presiency during 1883-84 . Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara, muMbaI, 1887. . .

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in the Library of the India Office bhAga-1 (vaidika) 1887 bhAga-6 (kAvya sAhitya, rAmAyaNa bhAga-2 (vyAkaraNa vagere) 1889 mahAbhArata, paurANika sAhitya) bhAga-3 (alaMkArazAstra) 1891 1899, bhAga-4 (darzana vagere) 1894 bhAga 7 (kAvya, nATaka) 1904 bhAga-5 (vaidaka vagere) 1896 1888 Catalogue of the Collections of MSS deposited in the Deccan College - esa.Ara. bhAMDArakara, muMbaI, 1888. 1890 : Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS existing in Oudh Province for the year 1888 - paMDita devIprasAda (vibhAga 20 thI 22), 1890 thI 1893, alAhAbAda. 1892 Catalogue of the Sanskrit MSS in the Library of H.H. the Maharaja of Uwar - pI. pITarsana, muMbaI, 1892. Florentine Sanskrit MSS - parIkSaka : thioDora oNpheTa, lipajhiga, 1892. Handschriften - Verzeichniss der Koniglichen Bibliothek Zu Berlin, II, 3, barlina, 1892. " Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in the Library of the Calcutta Sanskrit College. - hRSIkeza zAstrI. bhAga 1 thI 9, kalakattA, 1892. 1893 Alphabetical Index of MSS in the Govt. Oriental MSS Library, Madras, madrAsa, 1893. : Lists of Sanskrit MSS in Private Libraries in the Bombay Presidency - Ara.jI. bhAMDArakara, bhAga-1, muMbaI, 1893. - The Weber Manusripts, madhya eziyAmAMthI prAcIna hastapratono bIjo saMgraha, saMgrahakartA e. epha.Ara. harnale (JASB volyuma 62, bhAga 2, 1893, mAMthI punarmudraNa). "

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graMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra yAdI Catalogue of Sanskrit Manusripts of Jammu-ema.e. sTeIna, nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI, 1894. 1894 A Fourth Report of Operations in Search - of Sanskrit Manusripts in the Bombay Circle, eprila 1886 thI mArca 1892- pI. piTarsana, royala eziyATika sosAyaTInI muMbaI zAkhAnA jarnalanA volyuma 18no vadhArAno kramAMka 49e, muMbaI, 1894. A Report on the Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Presidency during 1884-87 . Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara, muMbaI, 1894. : 185 An Alphabetical Index of Manuscripts purchased upto 1891 (Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts"ne aMte mudrita) - mahAmahodhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI, volyuma 11, kalakattA, 1895 (A sUcimAMnI hastapratono varNanAtmaka paricaya ma.ma. haraprasAda zAstrIe eziyATika sosAyaTI baMgALanA Descriptive CataloguenAM volyumomAM Apyo che.) Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in the Library of the Calcuta Sanskrit College - hRSikeza zAstrI ane zivacaMdra guI, volyuma 1 (1895), volyuma 2 (1898), volyuma 3 (1900), volyuma 4 (1902), volyuma 5, guccha 1, kalakattA Report on Sanskrit MSS in Southern India - I.bu Tsa. kramAMka 1, madrAsa, 1895. kramAMka 2 madrAsa, 1903? A Fifth Report of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Circle, eprila 1892 thI 1895, pI.piTarsana, muMbaI, 1896. 1896 Fifth Report of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Circle . pI.pITarsana, muMbaI, 1896, Sixth Report, muMbaI, 1899 ' 1898 A Report on the Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Precidency during 1887.9ii. Ara.jI. bhAMDArakara, muMbaI, 1997:

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12 * Notices of Sanskrit MSS (2nd Series) - ma.ma. haraprasAda zAstrI, volyuma 1 ane 2, kalakattA, 1898. Sitzungsberichte des Kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Philosophisch - Historische Classe (keIsano ahevAla, vInanI sAhitya ekeDemI, darzana-itihAsa vibhAga), volyuma 137, vibhAga-4. Die Tubinger KathaHandschriften and Ihre Beshung Zum Taittiriyaranyaka, L. Von Schroeder. eka pariziSTa sahita AnuM saMpAdana jI. DyUlare karyuM. vIna, 1898. bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA Report on a Search for Sanskrit and Tamil MSS for the year 189697 and 1893-94, kramAMka 1 (1998), kramAMka 2 (1899), madrAsa. 1899 Verzeichniss der Indischen Handschiften der Koniglichen. Universitats - Bibliothek (rajavADI yunivarsiTI graMthAlayamAM saMgrahAyelI bhAratIya hastapratonI sUci) (I.sa. 1865-1899 varSanA gALA daramyAna) ricArDa gArbe, TyUbingana, 1899, bhAratIya hastapratonI sUci. A Sixth Report of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Circle, eprila 1895 thI mArca 1998- pI.piTarsana, muMbaI, 1899. (AmAM (1898-99mAM pro. piTarsane kharIdelI hastapratonI sUcino paNa samAveza thAya che.) Catalogue of Printed Books and MSS in Sanskrit belonging to the Oriental Library of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, paMDita kuMjavihArI nyAyabhUSaNa, 3 guccha, kalakattA, 1899-1901. (jAnyuArI 1898ane 1900). zAstrI. 1900 Notices of Sanskrit MSS - Ara.mitra,volyuma 1, kalakattA,1900 List of non-medical MSS collected by Dr. P. Cordier in Bengal Report for the Search of Sanskrit MSS (1895-1900) haraprasAda 1901 - Katalog der Sanskrit-Handschriften der Universitats Bibliothek in Leipzig -- thioDora ophresTa, lipajhiga. 1901.

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graMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra cAdI 123 Descriptive catalogue of the Sanskrit MSS of the Govt. Oriental Library Madras, volyuma 1 thI 27 (1901 thI 1939) A Report on the Search for Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bombay Presidency during 1891-95, - e.vI. kAthavaTe, muMbaI, 1901. Bibliotheque Nationale, Catalogue Sommaire des Manuscripts Sanscrits et Palis, perisa,1901. (nezanala lAyabrerI, saMskRta ane prAkRta hastaprato nI saMkSipta sUci). prAkRta hastaprato kramAMka II,2 e. kartA- e. keliATana. 1902 Catalogue of South Indian Sanskrit MSS (especially those of the Whish Collection in the Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1902. Jaina Granthavali : prakAzaka jaina zvetAMbara pariSada, muMbai, 1902 (jaina graMthonI sUci) Catalogue of the Late Prof. Fr. Max Muller's Sanskrit MSS-Nues, -ema. da. jheDa. vikramasiMdhe, jarnala oNpha royala eziyATika sosAyaTI, pR.611-665. A Catalogue of the Sansksrit Manuscripts in the British Museum - sesila benDola, laMDana, 1902. 1904 Notices of sanskrit MSS - Ara. mitra, volyuma ra, kalakattA, 1904. 1905 Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Berlin Library, ayu 2, Ano prAraMbha DaoN. ema. vinTaranITse karyo ane tenI samApti DaoN. e.bI.kIthe karI, oNksapharDa, 1905. A Catalogue of Palm-leaf and Selected Paper Manuscripts belonging to the Darbarubrary, Nepal,-ema esa. haraprasAda zAstrI ema.e., AnI aitihAsika prastAvanA pro. sI. benDole lakhI. kalakattA, 1905. 1906 Report of the Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts- ema.ema. haraprasAda zAstrI, 1906. 1907 Notices of Sanskrit MSS - Ara. mitra, kalakattA, 1907, volyuma 3.

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14 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA Bibliotheque Nationale, Department des Manuscripts Catalogue, - Somnaire des Manuscripts, Sanskrits et alis, (nezanala lAyabrerI, hastapratavibhAga, saMskRta ane prAkRta hastapratonI saMkSipta sUci). kartA - e. keliATana, perisa saMskRta hastaprata kramAMka 1, 1907. Report of Second Tour in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts made in Rajputana and Central India, in 1904-05 and 1905-06 - esa.Ara. bhAMDArakara, ema.e., 1907. 1908 Alphabetical List of Jain MSS belonging to the Govt. in the Oriental Library of the Asiatic Society, Bengal, golc Bus Olullas sosAyaTI, baMgALa, 1908. (pR.407-440). Descriptive List of Works on Madhyamika Philosophy - 4. Hel. DaoN. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa, jarnala opha eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1908, (pR.367370). :: Descriptive List of Some Rare Sanskrit Works on Grammar, Lexicography and Prosody, recovered from Tibet - ma. ma. DaoN. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa, jarnala oNpha eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1908, (pR.583-598). 1909 Die Sanskrit-Handschriften der K. Hof und Statsbibliothek in Muanchen - thioDora oNphesTa, yUzana, 1909, volyuma-1, vibhAga-5. hastaprata graMthAlayanI hastapratonI sUci. Catalogue du Fonds Tibetain de la Bibliotheque Nationale - (nezanala lAyabrerImAMnA tibeTanA saMgrahanI sUci) - pI. korDiyara, perisa, 1909, bhAga 2. 1912 Catalogue of the Stein Collection of Sanskrit Manuscripts from Kasmir - (A hastapratono saMgraha ema.e. sTeIne karyo hato ane hAla tene InDiyana InsTiTayUTa, okasapharDamAM rAkhavAmAM Avela che) - jI. ela.ema. kalensana, jarnala oNpha royala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1912 (pR.587-627). Bibliotheque Nationale, Catalogue Soinmaire des Manuscripts.

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graMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra yAdI 15 (nezanala lAyabrerInI hastapratonI saMkSipta sUci), perisa, 1912. kramAMka 3, bhAratIya hastaprato ityAdinI saMkSipta sUci taiyAra karanAra - e keliATana. - 1913 muM Triennial Catalogue of MSS - gavarnamenTa oriyenTala menyuskripTa lAyabrerI, madrAsa, volyuma 1 thI 8 (1913-1939) 1915 Catalogue de Fonds Tibetain de La Bibliotheque Nationale - U. korDiyara, perisa, bhAga-3, 1915. 1916 Manuscript Remains of Buddhistic Literature found in East Turkestan - e. epha. Ara. hornala, oksapharDa, 1916. Descriptive Catalogue of the Government Collections of Manuscripts deposited in Bhandarkar O.R. Institute, Poona, al44-4 (vaidika sAhitya), 1916. . 1917 A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Collections under the care of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, - ema.ema. haraprasAda zAstrI, volyuma 1 (bauddha sAhitya), kalakattA, 1917. - 1918 Catalogue of Indian Manuscripts Library Publication Department - I.pI. minena ane keTalAka mitrono saMgraha, saMkalana karanAra- ena.DI. mironopha, bhAga-1, prakAzaka - raziyana ekeDemI opha sAyansIjha, peTrogrADa, 1918. 1919 A Catalogue of Samskyta, Prakrta and Hindi Works in the Jain Siddharta Bhavan, Arrah - saMpAdaka- supArzvadAsa guptA, bI.e., ArA, 1919. A Catalogue of Manuscripts acquired for Government Sanskrit ibrary sarasvatI bhavana, banArasa, 1879-1919 (1907 ane 1908nI sUci aprApya).

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126 - bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA 1920 List of Manuscripts in the Telugu Academy, Cocanada, 24354-11 jarnalamAM telugu lipimAM 1920mAM prakAzita (304 hastaprato). 1921 - Kavindracarya List : prastAvanA sahita saMpAdana karanAra - anaMtakRSNa zAstrI, gA.o.sI. 17, 1921 (eka vakhata je hastaprato banArasamAM kavIndrAcAryanA pustakAlayamAM hatI te hastapratonI sUci). 1922 Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Oriental Library maisUra, 1922 (kevaLa graMthonI nAma sUci). 1923 Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts deposited in the Government Sanskrit Library, Sarasvati Bhavan, banArasa, volyuma-1, pUrvamImAMsA, a.ma. gopInAtha kaviMrAja, ema.e., 1923, cUMTI kADhelI hastapratomAMthI uddharaNo sahita sUci). A Catalogue of Manuscripts in Jesalmer Bhandaras, gA.o.sI.21, vaDodarA, 1923. Descriptive Catalogue of MSS (A.S.B.) - ma. ma. haraprasAda zAstrI, volyuma-2 (vaidika), kalakattA, 1923. * Descriptive Catalogue of MSS (A.S.B.), volyuma-4 (ItihAsa ane bhUgoLa), kalakattA, 1923. 1924 La Collection Tibetain Schillong von Canstadt a la Bibliotheque de l' Institut - jeksa bekoTa, jarnala eziyATika kramAMka 205, 1924, pR.321348. * . 1925 * Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit MSS in the Library of the Bombay Branch of Asiatic Society, volyuma 1 thI 4 - eca.DI. velaNakara, muMbaI, 1925 thI 1930. !

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graMthasUcionI kAlarAmAnusAra yAdI * 1ra0 Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Central Library, Baroda, alc441 (vaidika) - jI.ke. zrIgoMDekara, ema. e. ane ke.esa. rAmasvAmI zAstrI, ziromaNi, gA.o.sI. 27, 1925. ( A sUcimAM pasaMda karelI hastapratomAMthI lIdhelAM uddharaNo paNa pariziSTarUpe ApavAmAM AvyAM che.). Descriptive Cataloue of MSS (A.S.B.), volyuma-5 (purANa), eca.pI.zAstrI, kalakattA, 1925. Descriptive Catalogue of MSS (A.S.B.), HELHETULBULU GRUZE zAstrI, volyuma-3 (smRti), kalakattA, 1925. Lists of manuscripts Collected for the Government Manuscripts Library- saMgrahakartA : Dekkana kaoNleja ane elphinsTana kaoNlejanA saMskRtanA prAdhyApakotemAM nIce pramANenA saMgraho che : (1) 1895-1902 (2) 1899-1915 (3) 1901-1907 (4) 1907-1915 (5) 1916-1918 (6) 1919-1924 (7) 1866-1868, prakAzaka - bhAMDArakara orienTala risarca InsTiTyuTa, pUnA, 1925. 1926. Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts in the Central Provinces, and Berar - rAya bahAdura hIrAlAla, bI.e., nAgapura, 1926 (graMthasUci). A Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Adyar Library (3qu nAmonI sUci). taiyAra karanAra - ADaDyAra graMthAlayanA paMDito, bhAga-1, (ADayAra,1926). 1927 Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in Mithild, prakAzaka - bihAra eNnDa orisA risarca sosAyaTI, paTaNA, bhAga-1 (mRti hastaprato), Do. ke.pI. jayasvAla ane DaoN. ananta prasAda zAstrI, 1927. 1928 Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in the Sarasvati Library, Tanjore - pI.pI.esa. zAstrI, zrIraMga, volyuma 1 thI volyuma..., 1928 thI.... A Supplemental Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts Secured for the Govt. Oriental Library maisUra, 1928 (kevaLa nAmasUci).

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12. bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA A Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Adyar Library, 3412 graMthAlayanA paMDito, (kevaLa nAmonI sUci), bhAga-2, ADyA2, 1928. 1929 Descriptive Catalogue of Marathi MSS and Books in the Sarasvati Mahal Library, Tanjore, volyuma 1 thI volyuma. tAjo2, 1929 thI... Revised Catalogue of the Palace Granthappura (graMthAlaya), trivendrama, ke. sAziva zAstrI, 1929 (hastaprato ane mudrita pustakonI paNa sUci). 1930 Nachrichten von der Geselleschaft der Wissenschaften Zu Goottingen, (goTinganamAMnA vinayana-vibhAganA maMDaLano riporTa), darzana itihAsa vibhAga, 1930, volyuma 1, pR. 65 thI AgaLa, kIlahornano hastaprata-saMgraha : lekhaka - Ara. phika, barlina, 1930. Descriptive Catalogue of Assamese MSS - hemacandra gosvAmI, prakAzaka -AsAma sarakAra taraphathI kalakattA yunivarsiTI, 1930 (A graMthanA bIjA bhAgamAM saMskRta hastapratonuM varNana che). A Catalogue of Photographs of Sanskrit Manuscripts purchased for the Administrators of Max Muller's Memorial Fund, saMkalanakartA TI. Ara. gembiyara-perI, ema.e., oNksapharDa yuni. presa, laMDana, 1930. 1931 A Complete Analytical Catalogue of the Kanjur Division of the Tibetan Tripitaka, A graMthanuM saMpAdana kaAnga-sInA samayamAM pekiMgamAM karavAmAM AvyuM ane atyAre oTAnI TaigAkunA graMthAlaya, kyoTomAM tene rAkhavAmAM AveluM che. pratyeka sUtranA vicAra - vastunuM saMtulana (Collation) vartamAna saMskRta pAlI, cInI vageremAM prApta tatsaMbaMdhI bhAga sAthe karavAmAM AvyuM che. prakAzaka-oTAnI daugAku graMthAlaya, kyoTo, jApAna : bhAga-1 (1930), bhAga-2 (1931). Descriptive Catalogue of MSS (A.S.B.), volyuma-6 (vyAkaraNa) eMca.pI.zAstrI, kalakattA, 1931. Catalogue du Fonds Tibetain de la Bibliotheque Nationale. ( lAyabrerImAM tibeTanA saMgrahanI sUci) - mArsele lAlau, cotho bhAga, perisa, 1931.

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gAMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra yAdI 129 Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Punjab University Library volyuma-1, 1932, (kevaLa sUci), lAhora. 1933 zrI madrAsI saMzodhana (uM-2-2), - esa.esa.deva, maMtrI, satkAryottejaka sabhA, dhuliyA (zaka saM. 1855 - I.sa. 1933). A graMthasUcimAM zrI samartha vAjhevatA maMdira, dhuliyAnA saMgrahanI 1875 marAThI tathA saMskRta hastapratono samAveza thAya che. prathama khaMDa-1933, dvitIya khaMDa - 1938. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in Mithila, si. g.u. jayasvAla, prakAzaka - bihAra enDa orissA risarca sosAyaTI, paTaNA, volyuma 2 (sAhitya, chaMdazAstra ane alaMkArazAstra), 1933, . A Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts and other Books in Sri Ailak Pannalal Digambar Jain Sarasvati Bhavan, Jhalrapatan, Blloj AS E - graMthanAmAvalI'), 1933. . 1934 Bibliotheque Nationale, Departmet des Manuscripts Etat des Manuscripts etc. de la Collection Palmyr Cordier, et les rezul cald (Journal Asiatique nA jAnyu. mArca 1934nA aMkamAMthI udbhata), perisa, 1934. 1935. Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS in the Bangiya Sahitya Parisat, Calcutta, - cintAharaNa cakravartI, ema. e., kalakattA, 1935 (sUci). Descriptive Catalogue of the Government Collections of Manuscripts (bhAMDArakara ori. risarca insTiTyUTa, pUnA), volyuma 17, bhAga-1 (jaina sAhitya ane darzana)- eca.Ara.kApaDiyA, ema.e., 1935. Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit MSS in the Library of the Indim Office, volyuma-2 (brAhmaNadharmIya ane jainadharmIya hastaprato), - e.bI. katha; bauddhadharmIya hastapratonA pariziSTa sahita - epha. Dabalyu. thomasa, oksapharDa, 1935, (be bhAgamAM). 1936 A Catalogue of Oriental Manusripts collected till the end of March 1935, and preserved in the Oriental MS$ Library ( 4 de due), Ujjain, 1936 (kevaLa sUci).

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130 bhAratIya pAThasamIkSA Descriptive Catalogue of the Government Collections of Manuscripts (bhAMDArakara o. risarca insTiTyUTa, pUnA), volyuma-17, bhAga-1, (jaina sAhitya ane darzana) - eca.Ara. kApaDiyA, ema.e., 1936. Descriptive Catalogue of Government Collection of Manuscripts (bhAMDArakara o. ri. InsTiTyUTa, pUnA), volyuma -12, (alaMkAra, saMgIta ane nATya) . -pI.ke. goDe, ema.e. 1937. Oriental Manuscripts of the John Frederick Lewis Collection in the Free Library of Philadelphia, - mahaMmada ahamada siMgara, eca.ema., ema.bI.e., DI.sI.esa., philADelphIA, 1937, pR. 178-183mAM ATha saMskRta hastapratonuM varNana che. Descriptive Catalogue of Government Collections of Manuscripts (bhAMDArakara ori. risarca insTiTyUTa, pUnA), volyuma-14(nATaka) pI.ke. goDe, 1937. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Jain Bhanda ras at Patan, bhAga-1 (tADapatrIya hastaprato), gA.o.sI, vaDodarA, 1937. AnuM saMpAdana ela.bI. gAMdhIe sva. sI.DI. dalAlanI noMdhone AdhAre karyuM che. 1938 A Census of Indic Manuscripts in the United States and Cantada - eca.e. polamena, amerikana orienTala sirIjha, volyuma-12, amerikana , orienTala sosAyaTI, nyu hevana, kanekTIkTa, yu.esa.e., 1lha8. Descriptive Catalogue of Government Collections of Manuscripts (bho.o. ri. InsTiTyuTa, punA), volyuma-2, bhAga-1 (vyAkaraNa) - esa.ke. belavalakara, ema.e., pIeca.DI., 138. 1939 Descriptive Catalogue of Government Collections of Manuscripts (bhA.o.ri. insTiTyUTa, punA), volyuma-16, bhAga-1, (vaidaka) - eca.DI. zarmA, ema.e., pIeca.DI., 1lDa9. 1940 Descriptive Catalogue of Government Collections of Manuscripts (bhA.ori. insTiTyuTa, pUnA). volyuma-13, bhAga-1 (kAvya), - pI.ke.goDe, ema.e., 1940.

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graMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra cAdI 10 Descriptive Catalogue of Government Collections of Manuscripts (bhA.o.ri. insTiTyuTa, pUnA), volyuma-17, bhAga-3, (jaina sAhitya ane darzana) - eca.Ara. kApaDiyA, ema.e., 1940. - pI.ke. goDa vadhArAnI sUci agAunI sUcinuM mudraNakArya pUruM thayuM te pachI nIcenuM sUcipatra taiyAra karavAmAM AvyuM che : A Printed Catalogue of 114 Sanskrit MSS in the Private Library of Maharaja, Tanjore Castle, kalakattA. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Tanjore Maharaja Sarfoji's Saraswati Mahal Library, Tanjore. A sUci 19 volyumomAM pI.pI. esa. zAstrI bI.e.(oksa.), ema.e. dvArA taiyAra karavAmAM AvI. ogaNIsamA volyumamAM kRtionAM nAmonI kevaLa sUci ja ApavAmAM AvI che. Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts Collected by the Curator of the Department for the publication of Sanskrit Manuscripts, Trivandrum, - TI. gaNapati zAstrI, (7bhAgamAM). Lists of MSS collected by the Curator for the publication of Sanskrit MSS, Trivandrum, 31 PA 211981512 2184-11 vArSika vahIvaTI ahevAlo (Annual Administrative Reports) nAM pariziSTo rUpe pragaTa karavAmAM AvI che. Annual Reports of the Sri Ailak Parinatal Digambar Jain Sarasvati Bhavan Sukhanand Dharm sala, 1948 (uiz bhAgamAM). Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Oriental Library, Mysore.

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13e bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA 11. Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Oriental MSS Library, Madras, Bull-ti ac4420 thI 27 pro.esa. kuSpasvAmI zAstrI (ema.e.)e taiyAra karyA. Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Governement Oriental MSS Library, Madras. AnAM volyuma16, 17, 19 pro.ema.raMgAcArya, ema.e.ane pro. esa. kukhkhasvAmI zAstrI, ema.e. dvArA taiyAra karavAmAM AvyAM: Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Oriental MSS Library, Madras. 44- ell.94 ane 18 pro. ema. raMgAcArye taiyAra karyA. Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Oriental MSS Library, Madras, ale44-9, vibhAga-2 ane 3 pro.ema.zeSagiri zAstrI, ema.e. ane pro.ema.raMgAcArya, ema.e., dvArA taiyAra karavAmAM AvyA. Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government Oriental MSS Library, Madras. alc44-9, vibhAga-1, pro.ema.zeSagiri zAstrI, ema.e. vaDe taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo. A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Mandlik Library, "phargyusana kaoNleja, pUnA. A List of Thirty Sanskrit MSS in KamarUpa, g {Ct zuis AsAma risarca sosAyaTI, volyuma-3, vibhAga-4. A List of Buddhistic Logic Works- reva. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, jarnala opha dha bihAra enDa orissA risarca sosAyaTI, volyuma22, vibhAga-1.. . A Supplementary Catalogue of Sanskrit Works in the Sarasvati Bhandaram Library of H.H. the Maharaja of Mysore. A sUci para epha. kilahorne sahI karelI che. A few Original MSS now preserved in the University Library, of strassburg - golDasTakara. 92. 23. 14.

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- graMthasUcionI kAlakramAnusAra yAdI 90. 96. 19. 20. 21. Die Sanskrit Handscriften der Universitats - Bibliothek zu Gottingen (goTingananI yunivarsiTI-lAyabrerImAM saMgrahAyelI saMskRta hastaprato). Alphabetical list of MSS in the Indian Institute, Oxford - e.bI. kItha. A List of Tibetan Buddhist Manuscripts - reva. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, jarnala opha dha bihAra enDa bihAra enDa orissA risarsa sosAyaTI, volyuma-23, vibhAga-1. A List of 69 MSS from the Private Collection of MSS with Pandit Dharmanath Shastri (maMgaladAI, AsAmanI garvamenTa hAIskUlamAM saMskRta zikSaka). A sUci AsAmI dainikamAM prasiddha karavAmAM AvI. Liste der indischen Handschriften im Besizte des Prof. H. Jacobi (pro. yAkobInI mAlikInI bhAratIya hastapratonI sUci) * (ZDMG volyuma-33, 6-3, mAM prakAzita). Uber eine Sammlung indischer Handschriften und Inschriften (bhAratIya hastaprato ane zilAlekhonA saMgraha viSe) - I.huTsa (ZDMG, volyuma-40,1 mAM prakAzita) Two lists of Sanskrit MSS, - 3.442 (ZDMG qeyd 42, pa30 mAM prakAzita) A Consolidated Catalogue of the Collections of Manuscripts deposited in the Deccan College (from 1868-1884) - esa. Ara. bhAMDArakara dvArA taiyAra karAyela nAmasUci (Index) sahita. De Codicibus nonnullis Indiscis qui in Bibliotheca Universitatis Lundensis asservantur Scripsit Hjmar Edgren. Lunds Uni. Aarskrift, kramAMka - 19 (15 hastaprato). A Partial list of rare MSS belonging to the Adyar Library (6) kRtio). List of Fifteen MSS in the Edinburgh University Library - pro. egaliMga. 22.. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

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138 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA 26. MSS in the possession of Prof. Julius Jolly at_Wurzburg and at the Wurzburg University Library. Tod Mss in the Royal Asiatic Society, London.

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vadhArAnI ruci 135 . pariziSTa-3 keTalIka mahattvapUrNa hastaprato ane samIkSAtmaka - saMpAdano prastuta pustakanI racanA vizeSarUpe bhAratIya vizvavidyAlayomAM abhyAsa karatA ane prAcIna athavA madhya yuganI praziSTa (Classical) racanAonA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdananuM kArya hAtha dharavAnI IcchA rAkhatA anusnAtaka vidyArthIo tema ja sAmAnyarUpe bhAratIya pAThyagraMthonI pAsamIkSA saMbaMdhI mUla tattvomAM pAraMgatatA jemaNe hajI prApta nathI karI tevA anya vidvAnone anulakSIne karavAmAM AvI che. AthI A pariziSTamAM keTalIka mahattvapUrNa hastaprato tathA keTalAMka samIkSAtmaka saMpAdano viSe alpa mAhitI ApavA dhAryuM che, jemanuM jJAna temanI A viSayanI sAmAnya sajjatAmAM abhivRddhi karaze. je hastaprato ane samIkSAtmaka AvRttione ahIM pasaMda karavAmAM AvI che temanI mAhitI sAMgopAMga saMpUrNa bane ke temanI A pasaMdagI sarva prakArone AvarI letI vyApaka bane evo koI prayAsa karyo nathI. evI AzA che ke ahIM je saMkSipta mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che te vAcakone jAte ja A ati rasaprada kSetramAM vadhu anveSaNa karavA ane bhAratIya pAThyagraMthonA ApaNA jJAnamAM kaMIka nizcita ane maulika yogadAna ApavA protsAhita karaze. vAstavamAM prastuta pustakono A ja mukhya Azaya che. a. hastaprato bakSAlI hastaprata : I.sa. 1881mAM bhAratanI vAyavya sarahade mardana najIka bAlImAM bhUrjapatra para lakhAyela gaNita-viSayaka pustaka maLI AvyuM hatuM. A hastaprata prAcIna yugamAM lakhAyelI hovAnI dhAraNA hatI. A hastaprata polIsa InspekaTara miyAM an-vAnuudInanA kheDUtane maLI AvI hatI. ana-vA-udIna A hastaprata mardAnanA AsisTanTa kamIzanara pAse lAvyo. hastapratanA zodhakano dAvo hato ke hastaprata tene bakSAlI najIkanA eka TekarA paranA khaMDiyera paththaranA vADAmAM khodakAma karatAM maLI hatI. paraMtu A ahevAla barAbara saMtoSakAraka nathI. jemaNe Isa. 1927mAM bhArata sarakAra vatI AnuM saMpAdana karyuM che, te zrI kAnA matAnusAra te ahevAla bilakula vizvasanIya nathI. pAchaLathI hastaprata paMjAbanA lephaTananTa gavarnarane mokalavAmAM AvI, jeNe janarala

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130 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA kanIMgahAmanI salAhathI DaoN. hornalene mokalAvI hatI. I.sa.1902mAM DaoN. hornalee A hastaprata boDalenA graMthAlayane bheTa ApI. tyAM te bhAratIya hastapratonA sauthI mUlyavAna saMgrahano eka bhAga banelI che. temAM bhUrjavRkSanI chAlamAMthI banAvelAM 70 patra che. paraMtu AmAMnAM keTalAMka pAna to kevaLa TukaDA ja che. patronuM sarerAza mApa 7" X 4" che. hastaprata zAradA lipimAM lakhAyelI che. tenI bhASA laukika (popular) saMskRta che, jemAM InDo-Aryana lAkSaNikatAo paNa dRSTigocara thAya che, jene zarUAtamAM vidvAno 'gAthA bolI' evuM nAma ApavA prerAyA hatA. paraMtu lakhavAnI paddhati ekarUpa nathI ane ghaNA lahiyAo dvArA kAma thayeluM dekhAya che. A graMthanI zodha pachI tarata ja keTalAka muddAone AdhAre vidvAnoe dhAraNA karI ke te hastaprata I.sa.nI bIjI zatAbdInI hatI, jo ke DaoN. hornalene mate te I.sa. nI dazamI zatAbdIthI moDI hoI zake nahi. lipinI parizramapUrvaka cakAsaNI karyA bAda zrI kAye evA nirNaya para AvelA ke te hastapratano samaya I.sa.nI bAramI zatAbdI hato. A hastapratanuM saMpAdana ane prakAzana bhAratanA purAtattvIya sarvekSaNa (Archaeological Survey) dvArA New Imperial Series volyuma - 43; bhAga 1-2, 1927 ane bhAga-3, 1933 mAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. bAvara hastaprata : jyAre lephTananTa bAvara kAgiriyAmAM kucAramAM hatA tyAre koI eka mANase temane eka bhUgarbhamAM samAyeluM nagara batAvavAnuM mAthe lIdhuM. tenI zarata e hatI ke temaNe aDadhI rAte tyAM AvavuM. te ja mANase temane bhUrjapatra para lakhAyelI prAcIna hastapratonuM eka baMDala ApyuM, je A bhUgarbhamAM samAyelA nagaranI taddana bahAranI bAjue AvelI vicitra jUnI ImAratomAMnI ekamAMrthI khodI kADhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A hastapratanAM 56 pAnAM che. keTalAMkanI jADAI ekavaDI che to keTalAMkanI jADAI bevaDIthI covaDI che. ghaNuMkharuM pAnAMnI banne bAjue lakheluM lakhANa kALI zAhIthI lakheluM che ane eka karatAM vadhu hAtho vaDe lakhAyeluM che. keTalAMka pAnAM saMpUrNa rIte tAjAM ane spaSTa dekhAya che, to bIjAM atyaMta vivarNa banelAM che. badhAM ja patro atizaya baraDa ane komaLa che. A hastapratanI sarvaprathama noMdha baMgALanI 'eziyATika sosAyaTI'nI navembara, 1890nI 'kAryavAhI' (Proceedings) mAM levAmAM AvI jaNAya che. pharI eprila 1891mAM paNa tenI noMdha levAI che. I.sa. 1891mAM JASBmAM hornale purAlipizAstrIya pramANane AdhAre A hastapratano samaya I.sa.nI pAMcamI zatAbdI hovAnuM potAnuM tAraNa rajU kare che. A hastapratanA ochAmAM ochA pAMca spaSTa vibhAgo paDe che, je A pramANe che : (1) pAna 1 thI 31, A vaidakazAsrIya nibaMdha che. (2) pAna 32 thI 36, AmAM subhASitono saMgraha che. (3) pAna 37 thI 40, ahIM bhagavAna buddhe AnaMdane #

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vadhArAnI sUci 137 sarpadaMzanI asara maTADavAno maMtra kevI rIte Apyo te kathA nirUpAyelI che. (4) pAna 41 thI 46, pharI eka vAra subhASitono saMgraha ane (5) pAna 42 thI 51, ahIM bIjo vaidakazAstrIya nibaMdha zarU thAya che. bAkInAM pAna chuTAM che. AkhI hastaprata vAyavya prAntIya "gupta' lipimAM lakhAyelI che. tenuM saMpAdana hornalee karyuM che ane bhAratIya yudtal4 HdHel Bisl'(Archaeological Survey of India Series) Hi 3431 LL LLL traNa TukaDe te prakAzita thayela che. hastaprata K 5 (Codex K 5): avestA pAThanA punaruddhAra mATe zreSTha (ane saMpUrNa) hastaprata tarIke IrAnI abhyAsakSetramAM te prasiddha che. atyAre te kopenahegana graMthAlayamAM hastapratonA rAskanA saMgrahamAM te saMgrahAyelI che. A prAcIna pratamAM yArna ane tenuM pahalavI bhASAMtara che. A pAThanI badhI ja hastapratomAM te sarvazreSTha ane prAcInatama che. temAM 327 pAnAM che. pAnAnI saMkhyA devanAgarI aMkomAM lakhelI che. pAnanuM parimANa 10 48 che. dareka pAnAmAM 17 paMktio che. 326mA patranI bIjI bAjue (aMte) pahalava ane saMskRta baMne bhASAomAM bevaDI puSpikA che. te anusAra harbeda mitro-ApAna-kAIkhunnovo mitro-ApAna pedAda-mitro-ApAne majhapAna baharAme A hastapratanI pratilipi khaMbhAtamAM harbada rUstama mitro-pAnanI hastapratamAMthI te ja zaheramAMnA kAhIla saMgamane mATe taiyAra karI; AnI samApti pArasI varSa 192, saMvata 1779mAM dena' mAsanA "AsmAna" divasanA roja (navembara 17, 1323 I.sa.) karavAmAM AvI. jyAre vesTaragArDa avestAnuM saMpAdana karyuM tyAM sudhI patra 70-77nuM astitva hatuM. paraMtu jayAre geDanare potAnA saMpAdana mATe te patrono upayoga karyo tyAre te atyaMta kharAba dazAmAM hatAM. tyAra pachIthI A hastapratanI pratilipi kopanahegana royala lAyabrerIe raMgIna phoTogrAphI (Chromophotography) dvArA taiyAra karI che. turkAnamAM prApta thayelA bhAratIya sAhityanA aMzo I.sa. 1902mAM granaveDala ane hathanA netRtva heThaLa yojAyelI eka jarmana zodhayAtrAmAM tuphananA pravAsanuM Ayojana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I.sa.1904 thI 1907. daramyAna lI koka ane grunaveDalanI rAhabarI nIce rAjyanA sahakArathI bIjI be vadhArAnI zodha yAtrAonuM Ayojana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. je sAhityika avazeSo temaNe zodhI kalyA temane barlina mokalavAmAM AvyA ane "Koniglich Preussiusche Turfan - Expedition' nA Azraye 'Kleinere Sanskrit Texte' nAmanI sIrIjhamAM temanuM prakAzana karavAmAM AvyuM, temanuM saMpAdana yUDarse atyaMta kuzaLatAthI karyuM hatuM. sazodhanamAMnuM

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA eka sauthI mahattvapUrNa prakAzana DyUDarse pote ja A zreNImAM prathama maNakA tarIke I.sa. 1911mAM 'Bruchstuecke Buddhistischer Dramen' nAme saMpAdita karyuM che. tADapatra para lakhAyelI A hastapratonA aMzo lI kokane mingAInA eka guphA-maMdiramAMthI maLI AvyA hatA. A aMzomAM kula 144 TukaDA hatA. tADapatranI lekhana sAmagrI nizcitapaNe darzAve che ke A aMzo bhAratamAMthI AvyA che, jyAMthI teo turkAnamAM laI javAmAM AvelA. lipinA abhyAsa parathI jaNAya che ke temanI lipi uttaranA kSatrapo ane kuzAnonA zilAlekhomAM jovA maLatI lipithI abhinna che. A rIte A aMzo vAstavamAM ApaNane prApta thatA tADapatra paranA sauthI prAcIna dastAvejo che. ahIM saMpAdana thayelA aMzomAM azvaghoSe racyAM hovAnuM mAnavAmAM AvatAM be nATakonA aMzono samAveza thAya che. gilagiTa hastaprato : A hastaprato gilagiTa pAsenA eka stUpamAM koI govALiyAne akasmAta maLI AvelI. gilagiTanA vajIre temano kabajo lIdho te pahelAM te hastapratono sAro evo bhAga ane hastaprato paranAM badhAM ja raMgIna AvaraNo sAhasikone hAtha lAgI cUkyAM hatAM. A rIte nukasAna (kSati) pAmelAM patrono samUha atyAre kAzmIranA darabAranA kabajAmAM che ane sarakArI saMrakSaNamAM che. purAlipizAstrIya pramANone AdhAre A hastapratono samaya sAtamI zatAbdIthI moDo hoI zake nahi ane AthI bhAratamAMthI zodhAyelI hastapratomAM e sauthI prAcIna che. A hastaprato stUpanA ghummaTamAM ja mUkavAmAM AvelI hatI. je bhASAmAM A hastapratonI racanA thaI che te 'mahAvastu', 'lalitavistara' ityAdimAM jovA maLatI bhASA jevI ja che. eDagaraTana Ane 'bauddha saMskRta' evuM nAma Ape che. A hastapratonI mukhya vizeSatA e che ke eka pustakanI parisamApti ane bIjAnA prAraMbha vacce saheja paNa jagyA choDavAmAM AvI nathI. A viziSTatAnI dRSTie temane tibeTanAM lAkaDAMnAM kotarakAma sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. A hastapratonI zodhanI sarvaprathama jAhe2Ata 24mI julAI, 1931mAM 'Statesman' mAM sara aurela sTeIne karI hatI. tyAra bAda ema. hekIne e sthaLanI mulAkAta lIdhI ane I.sa. 1932mAM (JA 14-15) temanA para lekha lakhyo. 'Gilgit Manuscripts' e zIrSaka heThaLa A hastaprato para AdhArita sarvaprathama graMthanuM saMpAdana kAzmIra sarakAra taraphathI DaoN. nalinAkSa datte pro.DI.ema. bhaTTAcArya ane vidyAvAridhi zivanAtha zarmAnI sahAyathI I.sa.1934mAM karyuM che. goDse hastaprato : A hastapratone goDaphre hastaprato eTalA mATe kahe che ke A hastaprato laDAkhanA briTiza joInTa kamiznara kepTana esa.eca. gophrene keTalAka paThANa vepArIo pAsethI 138

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pariziSTa-3 139, maLI hatI, jemane teNe julAI, 1895mAM kAragIlamAM lehanA jaLabaMbAkAra thayela vyavahAra . mArgane pasAra karavAmAM sahAyatA karI hatI. A hastaprato kucAra najIka koI eka jamInamAM daTAI gayelA prAcIna zahera pAse khodakAma karatAM maLI AvI hatI evo temano dAvo hato. A saMgrahamAM kAgaLa para lakhAyelI 71 hastapratonA aMzo che, jemAMnA ghaNAkharA khaMDita che. hornalee 1897nA JASB mAM Amane aMzataH prastuta karyA hatA. horiyujhI hastaprata H I.sa. 1727mAM jhAkumiyo nAmanA dharmaguru vaDe saMpAdita Thousand Sanskrit and Chinese Words' nAmanI cInI-saMskRta-jApAnI zabdakoSanI prastAvanAmAM A pramANe noMdha jovA maLe che - "yAmATomAM haoNriyujhInA maThamAM, madhya bhAratamAMthI UtarI Avela be tADapatra para lakhAyela "prajJApAramitAhRdayasUtra" ane "saMziyo-dhAriNI', saMrakSita che. emane aMte "sima'(varNamALA)nA cauda dhvanio lakhavAmAM AvelA che. Adhunika lahiyAomAM pracalita varSothI jemane alaga na pADI zakAya evA vargo sivAya prastuta saMpAdananI varNamALAmAM tADapatronI varNamALAnuM anusaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che." AthI nirNayAtmaka rIte pramANita thAya che ke horiyujhInA maThamAM saMskRta sUtro jemanA para lakhAyelAM che tevA tADapatro cheka 1727 sudhI sacavAyelAM hatAM. A maTha rAjakumAra umayAdo (avasAna H I.sa. 621)e sthApelA agiyAra maThomAMno eka che. A hastaprato saMbaMdhI paraMparA sUcave che ke te cInanA hAnga (ko) prAntamAM nAna-yo nAmanA parvata para AvelA maThamAM rahetA keTalAka cInI dharmaguruonA kabajAmAM hatI. rAjakumAra miyAdo jyAre 37mA varSamAM hato tyAre eTale ke I.sa. 609mAM, jApAnanA zahenazAhano , ImAko nAmano hajUriyo temane jApAnamAM laI Avyo. mekasamUlare temanA Anecdota - Oxon1 ii nI prastAvanAmAM (pR.10) nIcenI mAhitI noMdhI che :- horiyujhI -yAmATono prAnta, mukhya dharmaguru ziyokiyo kibAyA, "prajJApAramitAhRdayasUtra' ane "uSNISadhAriNI atyAre sArvabhauma (Imperial) sarakArane soMpAyelAM che. 1727mAM te graMtho horiyujhImAM hatA. tyAre jhAkumiyoe temane joyA hatA. sattaramI zatAbdImAM temanI pratilipi jhiogone banAvI hatI. I.sa. 609mAM te graMthone jApAna lAvavAmAM AvyA. te bodhidharma (I.sa.pa20)nA graMtho hoya te saMbhavita che. ane te kAzyapa-racita hovAnuM manAtuM hatuM. A graMthonuM saMpAdana meksamUlara ane nAnajioe Anecdota Ozon, i mAM karyuM che. AnA pariziSTamAM bUlare horiyujhInI tADapatrIya hastaprato para purAtattvazAstranI dRSTie noMdha lakhI che, jemAM te jaNAve che ke "A hastaprata spaSTa rIte bhAratIya lahiyAe lakhI che ane teno samaya chaThThI sadInA pUrvArdhathI moDo hoI zake nahi. tADapatronuM parimANa laMbAImAM 1" ane pahoLAImAM ra" thI 1" che. dareka patramAM be nAnAM chidro che.

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140 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA A chidro baMne cheDethI traNa IMcane aMtare pADavAmAM AvelAM che. ane te pAnanI Toca ane taLiyA e baMnenI vacce madhyamAM che. pariNAme pAnanI cothI lITInA traNa bhAga paDe che. pahelA tADapatramAM sADA cha paMktio ane bIjA tADapatramAM sAta paMktio che. AnI lipi gupta yuganI lipi sAthe maLatI Ave che. A pramANane AdhAre blara A hastapratone chaThThI zatAbdInA pUrvArdhamAM mUke che. kharoSThI dhammapadaH - Ane "prAkRta dhammapada' athavA "dulUIla da rInsa hastaprata' paNa kahe che. AmAM bhUrjapatra para lakhAyelI hastapratanA mahattvapUrNa avazeSo che. AnI prApti ema. dutraIla da. rInsa nAmanA durbhAgI phrenca pravAsIne potAnamAM I.sa.1892mAM thaI hatI. A avazeSono ghaNo moTo bhAga kAzmIranA raziyana "konsala janarala ema. peTrovaskIe kyAranoya meLavI lIdho hato. tenI ja madhyasthIne kAraNe temane senTa piTarsabarganI "ImpIriyala ekeDemIne mokalavAmAM AvyA. A avazeSonuM niyata prAptisthAna haju jaNAyuM nathI, paraMtu goIMga TekarA paranI kohamArI guphAmAMthI tyAMnA keTalAka AdivAsIone A aMzonI prApti thaI ema dAvA sAthe kahevAmAM Ave che. jeNe A sthaLanI sarvaprathama mulAkAta lIdhI ane aMzo prApta karyA te duzIla da rInsa ane jeNe e sthaLanI mahinA pachI mulAkAta lIdhI ane jene te hastapratano avaziSTa aMza mAnato hato te bhAga prApta karanAra grenADa - e baMne A hastapratanA yathArtha prApti sthAnathI ajJAta hatA. sTeInanA mata pramANe A bAbatano aMtima nirNaya kyAreya kaMI zakaze nahi, kAraNa ke prastuta guphAnI teNe lIdhelI mulAkAtamAM tene jaNAyuM ke guphAnI dIvAlomAM kyAMya tAjetaramAM koI khodakAma thayuM hovAnAM cihna na hatAM. duzIla da. rInsa hastaprata hAla perisamAM che; jyAre teno moTo bhAga senTa piTarsabargamAM che. A avazeSono samaya I.sa. 200nI AsapAsa hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. temanuM saMpAdana senATaeN 1898mAM karyuM che ane prAkRta dhammapada' e zIrSaka nIce kalakattA yunivarsiTI taraphathI baruAe temanuM pharIthI saMpAdana karyuM che. kohamArI ane goiMga TekarIne eka ja mAnI hovAne kAraNe rAIsa Devise A hastapratane gosiMga kharoSTI hastaprata kahI che. (JRAS1899,426). . mekArTanInA aMzAtmaka saMgaDo . AmAM keTalIka hastapratonA avazeSo che. A avazeSo kAgaranA briTiza ejanTa makAInIne te zaheranA cInI videza vyApAranA vyavasthApake bheTa ApyA hatA ane e kucAra pAsenA TekarImAMthI khodI kADhavAmAM AvyA hatA ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu hornale mAne che ke je sthaLamAMthI bAvara ane vebara hastaprato prApta thaI hatI, te ja

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pariziSTa-3 141 sthaLamAMthI A avazeSo paNa maLyA hatA. A avazeSonI sAmagrI traNa judA judA prakAranI che H tADapatra, bhUrjapatra, ane kAgaLa. AmAM kula 145 khaMDita patro che; temAMnA 13 bhUrjapatra, 9 tADapatra ane bAkInA kAgaLa che. temanI likhita sAmagrIne bAjue rAkhIe to temanA para be judA judA prakAranI bAhmI lipimAM akSaro kotaravAmAM AvyA cheH uttara bhAratIya (guptayugIna) ane madhya eziyAI. hornalee Ano keTaloka bhAga JASB, 1897mAM prakAzita karyo hato. mekArTanI hastaprato : A hastaprato jI.mekArTanIne prApta thaI hatI. mekArTanI kAzmIramAMnA briTIza elacI (resIDanTa) lephTa. karlana sara e.sI. TelaboTano kAzmara khAte cIna sAthenA kArya-vyApAra mATeno khAsa madadanIza hato. A hastapratonA cha varga che : prathama varganI hastaprato jyAMthI 'bAvara hastaprata' maLI hatI te ja sthaLethI prApta thaI che, ane ahIM maLelI eka bIjI hastapratano 'vebara hastaprata'mAM paNa samAveza thaI jAya che. lipi be prakAranI che madhya eziyAI ane uttara bhAratIya bAhmI (gupta). cotho varga gumAthI Azare pacAsa mAIla pUrvamAM AvelA kArakula majhAM khojAMmAMthI prApta thayela che. bIjo varga khotAnanI IzAna bAjue aphilamAMthI maLI Avyo che. trIjo varga khotAnathI IzAna tarapha 50 thI 60 mAIlane aMtara AvelA jAbu kumamAM maLI Avyo che. pAMcamo varga kuka gumbajhanA raNamAM prApta thayo hato. gumAthI kuka gumbajha javA mATe pAMca divasa cAlavuM paDe che. AnI prApti traNa phUTa UMcI pAkI IMTonI goLAkAra dIvAla pAsethI thaI hatI. A goLa dIvAla eka bIjI dIvAlanI aMdara AvelI hatI, jemAM pUrI nAkheluM eka bAkoruM najare paDyuM hatuM. chaThTho varga kuka gumbajhamAM jamIna para paDelo maLI Avyo hato. hornalenA mata pramANe hastaprata saMbhavataH I.sa.nI bIjI zatAbdInI che. A hastaprata b gherA raMganA mulAyama jAtanA kAgaLa para lakhAyela che. hastapratanuM pRSThAMkana pAnanI AgaLanI bAjue karavAmAM AvyuM che. (juo prastuta pustakanuM pR.13). A hastapratonAM keTalAMka pAnAM JASB 1897mAM prakAzita karavAmAM AvyAM che. mahAbhAratanI bhUrjapatra para lakhAyelI hastaprata : A hastaprata zarAdAlipimAM lakhAyelI che. temAM Adiparva ane vanaparvanA aMzo tathA saMpUrNa sabhAparva sacavAyela che. kAzmIramAM blyUlare muMbaI sarakAra taraphathI Ane kharIdI hatI.kramAMka 159 (1875-76). sabhavataH te soLamI yA sattaramI sadInI che. A eka advitIya ane mUlyavAna hastaprata che. temAM 114 pAnA che, jemAMnA keTalAMka khaMDita che. pUnAnA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdananI samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI (Critical Apparatus)mAM tenuM sAMketika cihna (siglum) s` che. te mahAbhAratano saMkSipta pATha (textus -

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA simplicior) prastuta kare che, kAraNa ke jANItAM rUpAMtaromAM te sauthI TUMkuM che. vadhu vigato mATe juo sukanakara Prolegomena, pR.10-40, 47-48. AdiparvanI sauthI prAcIna upalabdha hastaprata : A hastaprata tADapatra para lakhAyelI che. te tAjetaramAM nepALanA rAjaguru hemarAja paMDitajUne prApta thaI che. te 700 varSa pahelAnI che. lakhANa AdithI aMta sudhI jhAMkhI paDI gayelI jUnI zAhIthI lakhAyeluM che. temAM kevaLa Adiparvano samAveza thayo hovA chatAM te svataH saMpUrNa che ane temAM eka paNa pAna khUTatuM nathI. pAnanuM sarAsarI mApa 142 21"x2" che; ane dareka pAna para sAta paMktio che. namUnAnA phoTogrApha parathI sukathanakare tenI lipine byUlaranA 'Paleographische Tafeln' sAthe sarakhAvI che ane darzAvyuM che ke te Tafel VI, naM.40 (kembrija hastaprata naM.1691) I.sa. 1179nI lipine ghaNI maLatI Ave che. mahAbhAratanI A prAcInatama nepALI hastapratanuM saMpUrNa varNana, Adiparva mATe saMpUrNa saMtulana sahita, sukathanakare temanA Epic Studies *VII, (Annals of BORI 19, pR.201-262)mAM ApyuM che. paippalAda hastaprata : atharvavedanI A hastaprata mULa to jammu ane kAzmIranA nareza svargastha mahArAjA raNavIrasiMhanA pustakAlayamAM saMgrahAyelI hatI. I.sa. 1875mAM mahArAjAe A hastaprata te samayanA lephTenanTa gavarnara sara viliyama mUrane mokalAvI ane temaNe (mUre) te hastaprata jarmanInA pro. rothane mokalAvI ApI. I.sa.1895mAM rothanuM avasAna thatAM te hastaprata TyUbiMgana yunivarsiTInI pAse AvI. atharvavedanI kAzmIrI vAcanAnI dRSTie A hastaprata, eka mAtra ane advitIya prata hovAthI sarvathA amUlya che. temAM baMne bAjue lakhAyelAM bhUrjapatranAM 275 pAnAM che ane te Azare 450 varSa jUnI che. te zAradA lipimAM lakhAyelI che. pAnAnuM mA5 25 se.mi. x 20 se.mi. che. lakhANa 20 se.mi. 4 15 se.mi.nA mApamAM bheja ane pANInI jene kaMI ja asara na thAya tevI na bhUMsAya tevI zAhIthI lakhAyeluM che. prophesara ema. blUmaphilDa ane Ara. gArbee A apUrva hastapratanI kromophoTogrAphI dvArA pratikRti taiyAra karAvI ane I.sa.1901 mAM tene bAlTImoramAM prakAzita karI. peTrovaskI hastaprata : A 'dusuIla da rInsanI hastaprata'nI pUraka hastaprata che, ane vAstavamAM jete Aje ApaNe 'kharoSThI dhammapada' athavA 'prAkRta dhammapada' tarIke oLakhIe chIe, teno ja te eka moTo bhAga che. je mANasoe dujhuIla da rInsa ane grenArDa - e be phrenca

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* pariziSTa-3 pravAsIone te kiMmatI patro vecyAM hatAM. teoe e hakIkata kALajIpUrvaka chupAvI hatI ke temaNe kAzmaramAMnA raziyana konsala ema. peTrovaskInA ejanTone te khaMDita sAmagrIno vadhu moTo bhAga vecI dIdho hato. ema. peTrovaskInI daramyAnagIrIne lIdhe A saMgrahane pAchaLathI senTa priTarsabarga mokalavAmAM Avyo ane tyAM raziyana vidvAna sarja DI'olDanabarge A avazeSonuM saMpAdana karyuM. Amano saMbaMdha sarvaprathama ema. peTrovaskI sAthe hovAne kAraNe A hastaprata enA nAmathI oLakhAvA lAgI. vebara hastaprato : 143 moreviAnA rahevAsI dharmaguru reva. epha.vebarane laDAkhamAMnA lehamAM eka aphaghAna vepArI pAsethI keTalIka hastaprato prApta thaI. e vepArIne A hastaprato, jamInamAM daTAyelA khajAnAnI zodha karatAM, kuIgara nAmanA sthaLanI najIkamAM eka khaMDiyara makAnamAMthI maLI AvI hatI. kuIgara cInanI sarahadanI aMdara yArakhaMDanI lagabhaga 60 mAIla dakSiNe AveluM che. A hastapratomAM nava (saMbhavataH agiyAra) judI judI hastapratonA jUthano samAveza thayelo jaNAya che. saghaLI hastaprato be prakAranA kAgaLa para lakhAyelI che. hastaprato be vargamAM vaheMcAI jAya cheH bhAratIya (naM. 1 thI 4) ane madhya eziyAI (naM. 5 thI 9). bhAratIya varganI hastaprato bAvara hastapratanI jema vAyavya prAntIya gupta lipimAM lakhAyelI che. jyAre madhya eziyAI varganI hastaprato madhya eziyAI nAgarI lipimAM lakhAyelI che. hornalenA mata anusAra A hastapratono koI paNa bhAga Azare I.sa.700thI moDo hoI zake nahi. temAM jovA maLatA tripAMkhiyA 'ya' parathI hornala temano samaya I.sa.500nI AsapAsa hovAnuM mAne che; arthAt A hastaprato bAvara hastapratanI samakAlIna athavA saheja pUrvavartI che. ' ba. samIkSAtmaka saMpAdano - harivaMzapurANa - (puSpadantaviracita)- saMpAdaka - luDaviga AlsaDorpha, 1936. A saMpAdana A: B', ane C e traNa hastapratone AdhAre karyuM che. graMtha be vAcanAomAM vibhakta che A hastaprata eka vAcanA darzAve che, B ane C bIjI vAcanA darzAve che. zAkuntala (kAlidAsa-vicarita)- (baMgALI vAcanA) saMpAdakaH Ara. pIzala, prathama AvRtti 1877, dvitIya AvRtti 1922. prathama AvRtti Z8, S'', N, R, I%0 hastaprato, caMdrazekharanI TIkA, C, Ca, ane zaMkaranI TIkA S ne AdhAre taiyAra karavAmAM AvI hatI. A badhI ja hastaprato baMgALI lipimAM che. bIjA aMkanA prAraMbha sudhInA aMza pUratI devanAgarI hastaprata D ne paNa upayogamAM lIdhI hatI. A uparAMta Y (cejhI 1830), B (zaka, 1786), 'B' (saMvata 1926) ane B (zake 1892) hastapratono

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bhAratIya pAThasamIkSA paNa lAbha levAyo hato. dvitIya AvRtti samaye be vadhArAnI hastaprato A ane B nI paNa cakAsaNI (saMtulana) karavAmAM AvI hatI. H no upayoga bIjA aMkanA prAraMbha pUrato ja ' maryAdita hato. 1 kapUramaMjarI (rAjazekharaviracita) saMpAdaka - sTena kono, 1901, agiyAra hastapratonA AdhAre saMpAdana : A B C N 15 (jaina vartuLa), N19 09 Pl9 (nAgarI), R (kAzmIrI), S T U(graMtha) - barnelanA matAnusAra A hastaprata s nI pratilipi che. paraMtu konoe te U mAMthI UtarI AvelI hovAnuM ane jyAM sudhArA dekhAya che tyAM kadAca s nI asara nIce hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. jaina hastapratomAM B ane w anyanI apekSAe vadhu prAcIna che. temAM paNa B to atyaMta azuddha che. P Adhunika pratilipi che. N, O ane R paNa sAva Adhunika che ane jaina vartuLa sAthe sAmya dharAve che, S T U sAthe nahi. 0 R ane A 0 paraspara vadhu gADha saMbaMdha dharAve che. manamohana ghoSe temanA I.sa. 1939nA saMpAdanamAM A uparAMta ATha bIjI navI hastapratono upayoga karyo hato. temAMnI cAra dakSiNanI lipimAM tathA cAra devanAgarImAM A pramANe hatI : devanAgarImAM D9 G I. J, telagumAM XY, malayAlamamAM Z ane graMthamAM V dakSiNI vAcanA uttarIya vAcanA karatAM UtaratI kakSAnI che. A saghaLI hastapratomAM ja sarvottama che. D hastaprata 0 sAthe, G hastaprata N sAthe, ane I hastaprata R sAthe maLatI Ave che. J devanAgarI lipimAM hovA chatAM koI dakSiNa bhAratIya hastapratanI tAjetaranI pratilipi hoya ema jaNAya che ane T U sAthe sAmya dharAve che. uttarIya vAcanA be rUpAntaromA vibhAjita bane che: (1) AC, B, P, W ane (2) O R (D I) N (G). dakSiNI vAcanA S, U T (J XYV) mAM vibhAjita thAya che. Z hastaprata AMzikarUpe badhA sAthe maLatI Ave che. mahAbhArata : samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana karanAra DaoN. vI.esa.sukathanakara - temanuM A kArya anya vidvAnonA sahayogathI saMpAdita thayuM che. vigato mATe juo Prolegomena. A saMpAdana ochAmAM ochI daza hastaprato para AdhArita che. paraMtu ghaNAM parvo to vIsa jeTalI hastapratonA saMtulana (collation) dvArA, keTalAMka parvo trIsa ane keTalAMka to cAlIsa jeTalI hastaprato dvArA taiyAra karavAmAM AvyAM che. AdiparvanA pahelA be adhyAyo to sATha jeTalI hastapratonA saMtulana dvArA taiyAra karavAmAM AvyA che. A hastapratomAM mukhyataH zAradA, zAradA lipimAM lakhAyelI hastapratonI devanAgarI pratilipi, nepAlI, maithilI, baMgALI, devanAgarI, telagu, graMtha ane malayAlama lipi jovA maLe che. A hastaprato mukhyataH be vAcanAomAM vibhAjita thAya che. ane A pratyeka vAcanA AgaLa jatAM vadhu nAnA vargo - upazAkhAomAM vibhAjita bane che. uttarIya vAcanA vAyavyaya ane madhya pradezIya zAkhAmAM vibhAjita thAya che. je anukrame

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pariziSTa-3 145 zAradA lipi (tenI devanAgarI pratilipio sahita, je anukrame 6' ane "K' sAMketika cihna dvArA darzAvAyelI che, tathA nepALI (N), maithilI (V) baMgALI (B) ane devanAgarI (D) mAM lakhAyelI che. dakSiNI vAcanA eNka tarapha telagu (T) tathA graMtha (G) ane bIjI tarapha malayAlama (M) ema be upazAkhAomAM vibhakta thAya che. Da varga saMkSipta vAcanA (textus simplicior) darzAve che. mAM zreSTha dakSiNI rUpAMtara darzAve che. A uparAMta arjunamizra (Da), nIlakaMTha (Dn). ratnagarbha (Dr) nAM devanAgarI rUpAMtarono paNa upayoga karyo che. AdiparvanI dinAMkita hastapratomAM nIcenI ullekhanIya che : Ko 1739, K, 1783, K 1638,K, 1519,K, 1694, N, 1511, , 1528, 8, 1740, B, 1759, B, 1786, Da, 1620, Dr 1701, , soLamI ke sattaramI zatAbdInI che ane emAM rAjA jayasiMharAjanI prazasti che. tenA Adeza anusAra A pratilipi taiyAra karavAmAM AvI hatI ane ema tenI racanAno samaya nepAlI savaMta 116 athavA I.sa. 1395 darzAve mahApurANa - (puSpadantaviracita) - Adi purANa, I.sa. 1937mAM . pI.ela.vaidya dvArA saMpAdita A samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana pAMca hastaprato para AdhArita che : GS, K, M9, Bl,P ane eka TIkA T16*. A hastapratomAM G (I.sa.1518) sarvazreSTha che. A hastaprato be vAcanAomAM vibhakta bane che - ** ane *Y * G , *K, K. (Azare 1500) ane K (Azare 1600) hastaprato *X vAcanA darzAve che jyAre bAkInI traNa hastaprato P, B ane M *Y vAcanA darzAve che. mahAvIracarita (bhavabhUti - viracita) - saMpAdaka ToDaramala, I.sa. 1928. badhI maLIne 18 hastapratonuM saMtulana (collation) karavAmAM AvyuM che. T, phakta prathama aMka mATe; KE M Sc I ane Mr hastaprato saMpUrNa che; I,AIw, ane Md pAMcamAM aMke samApta thAya che; Cu Mt Mg pAMcamAM aMkanA beMtAlIsamAM zloka AgaLa aTakI jAya che; BmAM kevaLa aMtima aMka ja prApta thAya che. lipio telagu (Mt T, T), graMtha (Mg Mr T T), kAzmIrI (K) ane devanAgarI (bAkInI badhI hastapratomAM) - uttarIya vAcanA nIce pramANe cAra nAnA vargamAM vibhakta thAya che - (1) 11 Bo (2) w9, Ca9] 19 (3) AlwMd ane (4) Ca K B E. dakSiNI vAcanAnuM nirmANa T, Mt Mr. Mine AdhAre karavAmAM AvyuM che. mAlatImAdhava (bhavabhUti-viracita) : saMpAdaka-Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara, prathama AvRtti 1876, dvitIya AvRtti 1905. prathama AvRtti mATe nIcenI hastapratonuM saMtulana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM : (A) B, C, D, E, G ane N A hastaprata kaulAsacandra dattanI kalakattAnI prata che. e telagu lipimAM che. bAkInI devanAgarImAM che. (A) C NnuM

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143 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA - saMtulana AdithI aMta sudhI, B nuM kevaLa dazamA aMkanA madhyabhAga sudhI ja; D no upayoga chaThThA aMkanA madhya sudhI ja karavAmAM Avyo che ane tyAra bAda tene sthAne E no upayoga karyo che. G no upayoga AThamA aMkamAM (Eno A bhAga naSTa thayelo che) ane dazamA aMkamA (jyAM B khaMDita thAya che) thayo che. badhI hastaprato paraspara svataMtra che, tema chatAM AD ane B C nA alaga vargo banatA jaNAya che. N hastapratano B C sAthe vadhu meLa bese che ane E no A D sAthe. Ama ahIM be mukhya varga bane che - A D E ane B C N. G ne A baMnenI madhyamAM mUkI zakAya. dvitIya AvRtti mATe nIcenI vadhArAnI hastapratono upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che : Bh, K^, K (zAradA lipimAM) ane 017 - Ama saMtulana (A), C, N, B, D (E, G), Bh, K. K, O e nava hastapratone AdhAre thayuM che. bhAMDArakaranA mata pramANe A naveya hastaprato svataMtra che ana vaMzavRkSarUpe emanI goThavaNI thaI zake tema nathI. tema chatAM K, K N O no nAnA vargomAM samAveza thAya che tathA K K, NO ane A B Bh C D moTA vargomAM jagaddharanI TIkA : Cj18. Ane AdhAre A hastapratonA vaMzAnukramanI sthApanA zakya banavI joIe. paramAtmaprakAza (yogIndu-viracita) : saMpAdaka-e. ena. upAdhye, 1937. nIcenI hastaprata sAmagrIne AdhAre saMpAdana - A* B18 C17 P19 Q R19 S T K M. *K' saMkSipta vAcanA darzAve che jemAMthI T(M) ane K UtarI AvelI che. *P vistRta vAcanA darzAve che, jemAMthI eka tarapha P (R hastaprata K ane brahmadevanA pATha sAthe saMmizrita che) arthAt bAlacaMdranI TIkAno pATha tathA bIjI tarapha B C ane S arthAt brahmadevano pATha UtarI Avela che. ahIM chu e K ane B C S mAMthI utarI AvelI mizraprata che. rAmAyaNa : A mahAkAvyanI adhikRta vAcanA sAthe saMkaLAyelA praznonI sarvaprathama carcA sva. pro.yAkobIe karI hatI ane tAjetaramAM DaoN. rubene temanA 'Studien' mAM tenI carcA karI che. lAhoramAM International Academy of Indian Culture nA DaoN. raghuvIra AnuM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana karavAno prayatna karI rahyA che ane prayogarUpe tenuM AMzika prakAzana karavAmAM AvyuM che. temAM prastAvanA (Prolegomena) ke samIkSAtmaka sAmagrInA tathA mahAkAvyanI vividha vAcanAonA AMtara saMbaMdhanA sAdA vivaraNano paNa samAveza karyo nathI. kadAca chellA volyumamAM teno samAveza karavA dhAryuM hoya e saMbhavita che. vAyavyIya vAcanAnuM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana lAhoranI DI.e.vI. kaoNlejanA adhikArI varga dvArA karavAmAM AvyuM che. paraMtu sukathanakare temanA pAzcAtya TIkAkArojemanuM sUcana evuM hatuM ke te mahAkAvyanI aMtima vAcanAnuM nirmANa karavAno prayAsa

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pariziSTa-3 10 karatAM pahelAM te graMthanAM badhAM ja rUpAntaro ane vAcanAonuM samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana kareluM hovuM joIe - ne je uttara Apyo hato te ahIM paNa lAgu paDe che. AvA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanomAM svAbhAvika rIte ja ghaNA gauNa pAThono samAveza thaze ane temane zodhI kADhavAnuM kAma kaThina che, sivAya ke judI judI vAcanAo ane rUpAntaro saMbaMdhI saghaLI upalabdha hastapratone lakSamAM levAmAM Ave. rUbenanAM tAraNono sArAMza ahIM prastuta karI zakAya. mahAbhAratanI jema, rAmAyaNanI hastaprato paNa be vAcanAomAM vibhakta bane che : uttarI vAcanA ane dakSiNI vAcanA. A baMne vAMcanAo AgaLa jatAM be rUpAntaromAM vaheMcAya che. A pramANe uttarI vAcanA vAyavyIya rUpAntara ane IzAnIya rUpAntaranI banelI che ane dakSiNI vAcanA 'amRtakataka TIkA'nA rUpAntara ane rAmAnujanI TIkAnA rUpAntaranI banelI che. rubena mAne che ke mahAbhArata mATe je zakya che te prakAranuM lipione AdhAre hastapratonuM vargomAM vibhAjana rAmAyaNanI hastaprato mATe zakya nathI. gorejhiyoe I.sa. 1843mAM A pAThyagraMthanA pachI saMpAdana(editio princeps)mAM baMgALI rUpAntara prakAzita karyuM hatuM. mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA upakrame vaDodarAnA oriyenTala insTiTyUTe A graMthanA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdananuM je navuM kAma hAtha dharyuM che te rAmAyaNanI pAThasamIkSA mATe ghaNuM sAruM che. rAmAyaNa (vAlmIki-viracita) (tenI vAyavyIya vAcanAmAM) : suMdarakAMDa, saMpAdaka : vizvabaMdhu zAstrI, lAhora, 1940. AmAM daza hastapratono AdhAra levAmAM Avyo hato - B+, A16, F, A', C, L 19, L 19, P19, R9 ane M. saMpAdakanA mata anusAra A sarva hastaprato eka ja prakAranuM rUpAntara darzAve che, paraMtu keTalI hada sudhI A ekarUpa ane asaMmizrita (zuddha) rUpAntara che te praznanI spaSTatA prastuta saMpAdanamAMthI prApta thatI nathI. saMpAdake temanI prastAvanAmAM zarUAtanA aMzonA DaoN.esa.ke. De e karelA 'avalokana' (review) viSe potAnA pratyAghAto darzAvyA che. paraMtu je saMmizraNathI sadaMtara mukta nathI evAM koI paNa rUpAntaronA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdana viSe sukathanakaranI TIkAnuM hArda teo cUkI gayA che. suvarNabhAsottamasUtra : saMpAdaka : yohAnasa nobela, lipijhiga, 1937. A saMpAdana sAta hastapratone AdhAre karavAmAM AvyuM - A, B, C, D, Eo, F ane G prathama cha hastaprato nepALI lipimAM kAgaLa para lakhAyelI che ane G hastaprata te ja lipimAM tADapatra para lakhAyelI che. kAgaLa para lakhAyelI sarva hastapratomAM je samAna doSo ane samAna sudhArAo jovA maLe che te parathI teonuM eka jUtha bane che, ane G nuM bIjuM jUtha. mukhya jUthamAM paNa C ane F paraspara vadhu nikaTatAthI saMkaLAyelI che ane ghaNAM prasaMgoe A graMtha ori. insTiTyUTa dvArA sAta bhAga (Volume) mAM prakAzita thayo che. - anu.

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148 - bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA c F jUtha B D E thI juduM paDe che. graMthanA zIrSakanI bAbatamAM paNa B D E mAM suvarNapramAsottamasUtranA zIrSaka jovA maLe che, jyAre A C F (ane G) - mAM suvaf()mAsotamajUrAga zIrSaka che. taduparAMta madhya eziyAmAMthI maLI AvelA saMskRta graMthonA aMzomAM ApaNA A pustakano bhAga maLe che, je pAThanirdhAraNanI dRSTie temanA samaya ane vizeSa zuddhine kAraNe atyaMta mUlyavAna che. prakaraNa 13 ane 14nA aMzo mATe I.sa. 1906-08 daramyAna seneTara, oTo Donara zodhI kADhelA ane je.ena. roTare saMpAdita karelA aMza; hornalenA Manuscript Remains of Buddhist Literature found in Eastern Turkestan, Vol. 1 mAM epha. Dabalyu thomase saMpAdita karela anya aMza je pAMcamA ane teramA prakaraNanA aMzone AvarI le che; trIjA, chaThThA, sAtamA ane AThamA prakaraNanA aMzone AvarI letA ena.DI.mIronova dvArA saMpAdita aMzo; Amane mATenuM sAMketika cihna anukrame R, H ane M che. H M R sArA evA pramANamAM G sAthe aikya dharAve che. sahAyaka sAmagrI (testimonia) tarIke saMpAdake cInI tathA tibeTI anuvAdono upayoga karyo che : (1) cInI anuvAda - anuvAdaka : dharmakSema (I.sa. 414-433 Azare), Insiga (Azare I.sa.700), (2) tibeTI anuvAda - tibeTa 1 (I.sa. 705-55nA gALAmAM),tibeTa ra ane tibeTa 3 (804-16nA gALAmAM). A uparAMta turkIna hastapratonA barlina saMgrahamAM sTena kono dvArA saMpAdita khotAna-zaka bhASAntarano aMza prApta thAya che. "pAThanirmANa'(constitutio textus)arthe A sarva abhisADhyo (pramANo)nI mUlavaNI viSe vadhu vigato nobelanI pAMDityapUrNa prastAvanAmAMthI prApta karI zakAya.

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pariziSTa-3 149 saMkSipta saMdarbhasUci A sUcino hetu vibhinna sAhitya-prakAro sAthe saMkaLAyela vividha prakAranI samasyAonA ukela arthe vikasita thayelI pAThasamIkSAnI paddhationA adhyayana kAryamAM kevaLa pathapradarzaka banavAno che, tethI A sUcine svataHsaMpUrNa banAvavAno prayAsa karyo nathI. A rIte, udAharaNa tarIke, AmAM bAIbalanA abhyAsane lAgu pADIne thayelA pATha-samIkSAnA phaladAyI vikAsano koI ullekha nathI. eDagaraTana epha. : Panchtantra Reconstructed 1924, nyU hevana, American Oriental Series Nos. 3-4, A eka upayogI pustaka che. ane khAsa karIne amuka prakAranI samasyAo mATe - je sAmAnya rIte grIka ane leTina praziSTa kRtio (Classics) mAM jovA maLatI nathI - pAThasamIkSAnA siddhAMtono prayogAtmaka viniyoga zI rIte karavo te viSe pathapradarzaka graMtha, sArAM udAharaNothI samRddha pustaka. svAbhAvika rIte ja ahIM tAravelA niSkarSa vivAdAspada hovA chatAM mahattvapUrNa che. khAsa karIne Pancatantra (hArvarDa orienTala sirIjha, 11-14)mAM harTalanAM tAraNothI e viruddha che. jeba, sara ricArDa sI. : lionArDa vhilve dvArA saMpAdita A Companion to Greek Studies (kembrija yunivarsiTI presa, 1916)mAM pragaTa thayela Textual Criticism nAmano lekha (pR.720-733), viSayano suMdara paricaya, aMgrejI vAcako mATe anivArya. posTageTa je.pI. : (1) sara jahona eDavina senDisa dvArA saMpAdita A Companion to Latin Studies (kembrija yunivarsiTI presa 1913)mAM pragaTa thayela Textual Criticism (pR.791-805) nAmano lekha, (2) Encyclopaedia Britannica volyuma-2, pR.6-11mAM "Textual Citicism' parano lekha aMgrejI bhASAmAM pAThasamIkSAno kadAca sauthI vadhu ojasvI chatAM saMkSipta paricaya. barTa, thiyoDora : Kritik und Herimeneutik, yu na, 1913 (Ivan Von Muller's Handbuch der Altertunswissenschft 1). grIka ane leTina bhASAnA praziSTa graMtho sAthe saMkaLAyelI pAThasaMbaMdhI samasyAonI ghaNI vigatavAra carcA karato eka atyaMta vyavasthita nibaMdha, te khAsa karIne viSayanA uccatara pAThasamIkSakonI daSTie lakhAyela che. -

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150 bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA mAsa, pola: Textkritik, lipijhiga, 1927. (Einleitung in die Altertumswissenschaft herausgegeben, von Alfred Grecke and Eduard Norden I) A viSaya para sauthI vizada ane zreSTha pustakomAMnuM eka. temAM viSayanA badhA mULabhUta siddhAnto saMkSepamAM ane bIjagaNita jevAM sUtromAM prastuta karyA che. aMtamAM cUMTI kADhelAM udAharaNothI te samajAvavAmAM AvyA che. ghaNuM upayogI ane sUcaka pustaka. rubena, volTara: Studien zur Textgeschichte des Ramayana, TuTagArTa 1936, (Bonner Orientalistische Studien Heft 19) ahIM sukathanakare mahAbhArata mATe je paddhati akhatyAra karI che temanuM jhINavaTapUrvaka anusaraNa karI rAmAyaNanA pATha saMbaMdhI itihAsamAM temano viniyoga karyo che. rAmAyaNa mahAbhAratanA samIkSAtmaka abhyAsIo mATe anivArya pustaka. sukathanakara vI.esa. : mahAbhAratanA AdiparvanA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdananI prastAvanA - Prolegomena, atimahattvano graMtha, jemAM yuropanI praziSTa racanAomAM prayukta pAThasamIkSAnA mULabhUta siddhAMtone navesarathI bhAratIya daSTibiMduthI carcA che ane jemano pAzcAtya pAThasamIkSakone anubhava nathI thayo tevI paristhitio saMbaMdhe haMmezane mATe nirNaya bAMdhyo che. bhAratIya praziSTa kRtio para vadhu kAma karavA mATe pAThasamIkSAnuM pAyArUpa pustaka. sukathanakara vI.esa. Epic studiesI-VII, (JBBRAS (NS), , 157-78, Annals of BORI 11, 165-191; 16, 90-113; 17, 185-202; 18, 1-76; 19, 201-262; Kane Festschrift pR.472-487; Epic Questions, I Bulletin DCRI 1, 1-7. A abhyAsapUrNa lekhomAM sukathanakare. tAravelA siddhAMto ane viziSTa saMdarbhamAM temanA prayoga sAme je mULabhUta TIkAo karavAmAM AvI hatI, temane atyaMta cokkasAIpUrvaka ane vigatavAra radiyo ApavAno prayAsa che ane pariNAme pAThasamIkSAnA 'vidyArthIone mATe te amUlya rIte upakAraka che. A lekho muddAsara ane prAsAdika rIte lakhAyelA che ane temAM viSayanA je muddAo Prolegomena mAM samucitapaNe vigatavAra carcA zakAyA na hatA tevA ghaNA aspaSTa muddAo para prakAza pADavAmAM Avyo che. haveTa, ela. : Manual de critique verbale appligueeax textes latins, perisa, 1911, leTina pAThasamIkSA para A mahattvanuM pustaka che; ane temAM pAThasamIkSAnA ghaNAkharA kiMmatI siddhAntono samAveza thAya che, je

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pariziSTa-3 51 udAharaNonA rAzi nIce dabAI jAya che ane AthI te kevaLa savizeSa marmajJa vAcako mATe ja che. haoNla, epha.Dabalyu. : Companion to Classical Texts, oNksapharDa, 1913. A pustaka viSayanI uttama prastAvanArUpa che. AmAM grIka ane leTina graMthonA itihAsano vigatavAra paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che, ane e graMthone lAgu paDatA pAThasamIkSAnA siddhAMtonI carcA pR.108 thI 198mAM karavAmAM AvI che. ba. upara 'a'mAM ullekhelI kRtio uparAMta prastuta pustakane taiyAra karavAmAM nIcenA graMthono paNa upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che - kono, sTena. : Karpurmanjari, hArvarDa, 1901 (hArvarDa oriyenTala sirIjha 4) De,esa.ke. : Udyogaparvan (mahAbhAratanA samIkSAtmaka saMpAdanamAM), pUnA, 1939-40. pIzala Ara. : sakuntala - dvitIya AvRtti, hArvarDa, 1921 (hA.o.sI.16) byUlara, jI. : Indische Palaeographie, sTrAsabarga, 1896. AnuM phalITa dvArA saMzodhita aMgrejI bhASAntara Indian Antiquary, 1904mAM pUravaNIrUpe prasiddha thayuM che, joke emAM 'Plate' ApI nathI. bhAMDArakara, Ara.jI. : Mahavimadhava, dvitIya AvRtti, muMbaI, 1905. malla, ToDara. : Mahaviracrita, oNksapharDa, 1928. vinTaraniTjha : History of Indian Literature, kalakattA.

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anuvAdaka paricaya : DaoN. ke.eca. trivedI (janma : 2-6-1933) mAdhyamika zikSaNa : mahesANAnI TI.je. hAIskUla dvArA esa.esa.sI. parIkSA prathama vargamAM prasAra karI. saMskRtamAM sarvAdhika guNa mATe muMbaI yunivarsiTI dvArA ena.Ara.bIDakara pAritoSika apAyuM. . | ucca zikSaNa : gujarAta kaoNleja, amadAvAdamAM saMskRta viSaya sAthe bI.e. (1954)mAM prathama varga prApta karI dakSiNA phelozipa meLavI. 1956mAM ema.e. parIkSA pasAra karI, DaoN. vI.ema.kulakarNInA mArgadarzana heThaLa rAmacaMdra - guNacaMdra - racita nATyadarpaNa upara mahAnibaMdha lakhI pIeca.DI. (1962) prApta karI. 1957 thI vallabhavidyAnagaramAM saMskRtaprAkRtanA adhyApana kAryamAM joDAyA. tyAMnI nalinI-araviMda ArTsa kaoNlejamAM saMskRtanA prAdhyApaka tathA vibhAgAdhyAkSa tarIke pradIrtha sevAo ApI hAla vayocita nivRtta jIvana gALI rahyA che. temanA saMzodhana-lekho pUnAnA bhAMDArakara ori. ricarsa InsTiTyUTa, vaDodarAnAM oNri. InsTiTyUTa vagerenAM jarnalomAM prakAzita thayA che. vidyArthIone upayogI aneka pustakonuM saMpAdanasahasaMpAdana karyuM che. temanA mahAnibaMdha lAda. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira (amadAvAda) dvArA prakAzita thayo che.

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bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA ' 'pustaka paricaya prAcIna hastapratone AdhAre graMthanuM saMpAdana bhAratIya vidyAnA abhyAsI mATe ghaNIvAra jaTila samasyArUpe hoya che. A saMpAdana kAryamAM saMpAdakane pakSe je sAvadhAnI tathA sajjatA apekSita che te aMge jarUrI mArgadarzana A laghugranthamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. DaoN. esa. ema. katre bhAratIya vidyAnA nAmAMkita ane yazasvI vidvAna che. temanuM Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism A viSayanI vizada chaNAvaTa karatuM AdhArabhUta pustaka che. A mAnad graMthano gujarAtI anuvAda ahIM prastuta che. pATha samIkSAno viSaya gujarAtanI vividha yunivarsiTIomAM anusnAtaka kakSAe niyata thayelo che. A viSayanA vidyArthIone A pustaka upayogI thaze tevI dhAraNA che. bhAratIya pATha-samIkSA 1364 kiMmataH rUA. 50-00 AvaraNa : rAja grAphIksa amadAvAda. mo: 9879027600