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Condition of Bhārata-varsa during Duḥşamā Käla (Fifth Ara).
Sramana Bhagavāna Mahavira said:-Gautama ! Each KalaCakra (Cycle of Time) consists of two main divisions of ten (10) kota-koti years each, named I. Avasarpini era during which there is a gradual decrease in piety, morality, and all auspicious articles in the Universe, and 2. Utsarpiņi era in which there is an increase in such virtues and in the inherent qualities of auspicious objects of the Universe. Each division of time has sta Aras-divisions like the spokes of a wheel, named I Susamssugama 2. Susamā 3. Susama-duhsma 4. Dunsama-Susama 5. Dubsama and 6. Duhsama-duhsama for the Avasarpini-kala, and in the reverse order for the Utsarpiņi-kāla. They are arranged as follows:--
Kota - koti = ( 10000000x10000000) चउरो कोडाकोटी अयराणं सुसमसूसमा होइ । वीए य मिहुणयनरा कोसविगुच्चा विपछियाज ॥५२॥ ते मुरहिगन्धदेहा निरामया निन्भया मुख्वा या। बत्तीसलक्खणधरा जरचिन्तासोयपरिहीणा ॥ ५३॥ पयईए तणुकसाया अहमिन्दा उत्तमाय सङ्घयणे । माणम्माणपमाणोववन्नदेहा सकरुणा य ॥ ५४॥ पुढवीपुष्फफलाणं रसो तया आसि सकराअहिंगो। पुक्करणीओ धयखीरउदगइक्खुरसनीराओ ।। ५५ ।।
दसविहा य कप्परुक्खामज्जाया य मिशा तुडियका दीवजोइचित्तका । चित्तरसा मणियका गेहागारा अनिगिणा य ॥ ५६ ॥ मज्जासु य मज्ज उप्पज्जइ मायणाई मिङ्गम् । तुडियनेस य संगयतुडियाइ बहुपयाराई ॥५७॥ दीवसिहा जोइसनामया य एए करेन्ति उज्जोयं । चित्तङ्गेसु य मल्ल चित्तरसा भोयणहाए ॥ ५८ ॥
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