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Reality and Matter : Definition, Properties and Classification : 155
names. However, many schools considered quality, action etc. also as realities subject to logical scrutiny by the Jainas 34. While the Sānkhyas would include their realities in their basic classification, others have sub-classified them. This advanced method of classification suggests other philosophies developing later than the Sānkhyas. Even if one presumes their development at or near the same period, their different ways of classifications suggest their independent origin. However, it could easily be surmised from Table 8 that the Jainas and Vaišeşikas have excelled the others in this regard. Table 8 : Sub-classification of Reality-Dravya in Indian Schools. School Number Names Vaiseșikas 9 Soul, earth, water, fire, air, space, time,
direction, mind. Jainas
Soul, Mattergy, space, time, Medium of
rest & motion. Nyāya - 12 Soul, Body, Senses, Mind, Matter,
Actions, Liberation, other qualities-5 Buddha ( a ) 5 Skandha, Safjfa, Samskāra, Vedana,
Knowledge. (b) 12 Body, Five senses, Mind, Touch, Taste,
Colour, Smell, Sound. (c) 28 Life, Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Sense-organs,
Two sexes, Form, Taste, Smell, Sound,
Mind, Seven qualities, Expressions. Table 8 gives details of sub-classification of reality called Dravya (J, V), Prameya (N) and Dunkha (B). It is seen that despite varying forms and numbers of this class, any system can easily be explained in terms of Jaina school with some differentiations. For example, one could see that the 12 varieties of Prameya in Nyāya could be included in 2 varieties of Jainas ( Soul and Mattergy ) as qualities and actions are part of mattergy or soul. Similarly 9 varieties of Vaišeşikas could be included in four categories of Jainas as below :
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