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above mesh size and water can be in non-living dhovana state in form of 'quath'. Right quantity of these materials, used for making dhovana cannot be ascertained well, just by seeing its color, because of its nonprecipitation.
It may be noted here that it would now be possible with modern techniques to ascertain the correct size and quantity required to make non-living & useable dhovana water.
But due to astringent taste and sweet after-taste, it is not recommended for sãdhakas.
4.Sand:
Sand is also not a recommended weapon, because it is also considered to be the birth place of water. Clay is highly soluble in water. Sadhakas don't consider the clay-dissolved water as non-living dhovana from practical point of view. At many places, it is found that the boring water contains a lot of clay, like in Howrah (WB) etc places. It is just possible that that much amount of clay may be able to make that water non-living! Boring water is able to hold a lot of dissolved clay and salts in underground state. But when it is pumped on to the surface and kept in open air, some of the clay starts settling on the walls of the vessel. From practical point of view, it is better to not to consider it as non-living. It is, of course, now possible to examin and judge a particular sample about its living-ness with the help of modern instrument and method.
Coarse sand (SiO2) does not work as a weapon to make water nonliving.
5. Lime-Ca(OH)2
This is a stroger weapon than ash powder. Its small quantity is sufficient to make water non-living. Because it is strongly alkaline, it may affect tongue & stomach adversely. To reduce its strength, it is dissolved in water and the dilute lime water is taken from the top of the solution by decanting. In practice it is not possible for a laity to know the right amount used and its dilution degree. It forms colloid very fast and its solubility is very high.
There is no standard measurement to ascertain the right amount of highly soluble materials for ensuring 100% non-livingness. In case of
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