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It may also contain Arsenic, In full analysis, its acidity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids will also have to be determined. Many standards have been prepared and are available as guidelines. A Few Agencies are : Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), WHO Central Public Health Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) manual, Government of India, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). They specify limits of permissible contaminations for safe potable water. Contaminated water may cause many water-borne diseases like anaemia, Arsenicosis, Campy lobacteriasis etc. Hence proper analysis and treatment of water play a very important role. Therefore, the treatment process and its equipment should be appropriate for the local contaminants to make the water potable. International guidelines and standards are available for the permissible amount of foreign contents in safe drinking water. However, Testing facilities for the water are to be made available to the villages on regular intervals. Foreign contents, as mentioned earlier, if not removed properly can cause many water-related or water borne diseases for the users, like diarrhea, hepatitis, fluorisis, cholera, typhoid, jaundis, anaemia, trachoma etc. Hence, it is essential to provide suitable equipment and appropriate technology, particularly to villagers to prevent such hazardous diseases and provide facilities to monitor quality of treated water. For urban population, many types of safe and efficient filters and suitable absorbents are available for treating water. Good quality filters, having pores of about 0.2 micron are available in the market. These filters do not permit the entry of bacteria, fungus etc. Ceramic Filters are highly suitable to supply germ free water. Also equipments having reverse Osmosis (RO) filtration membranes and activated charcoal etc. can ensure supply of potable water. But these are mostly suitable for urban areas. Due to non-availability of electric power in villages, these equipments have to be developed and provided to remote villages to suit their specific conditions. It is found in the recent times that the surface waters are mostly contaminated. But ground water from borings, having depth of several hundred meters with a proper distribution system and having water
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