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germs. The drinking water may contain bacteria and other tiny creatures, which are not visible by naked eye. One drop of sample water was reported to have contained more than 36000 mobile living-beings (Traskaay), visible under a microscope! Such organisms' continue to flourish in water, so long as oxygen supply is maintained there. Such water should be treated well before supplying it for drinking purpose. Normally, the well-water or pond-water is filtered through a piece of cloth or treated otherwise, before use. Such ponds/tanks should, however, be protected from dirty discharges of towns. 17) Rock cutting by water Melting snow that seeps into the ground is called underground water. It forms underground pools. When rain water is trapped in small cracks in rocks, it freezes in winter in cold regions. Because water expands in volume, when frozen, the rock cracks and is pushed wider apart. Then pieces of rock chip off. This natural activity converts the mountains into plains over the years in cold regions. 18) Clouds and Lightening: When surface water evaporates, it is taken up by air in form of vapor, forming clouds. This air, laden with water vapor, moves towards lowpressure regions. It can also move upward, forming different strata of clouds. On the way, one cloud mass hits against other clouds. In this process, water-ions and electrons are released and accumulated on the clouds. Electrons accumulate on the lower surface of clouds. Their discharge normally takes place from the edge of the cloud, which crashes into the on-coming cloud mass. When one charged cloud mass meets another charged mass, it blitzes. This lightening is between the clouds and can occur at very high rate. Under certain conditions, the generation and accumulation of charges become very fast. It depends on the speed of cloud movement, contents of cloud (quantity of vapor), under cooling status, amount of water available at transition temp., its height, velocity of upcoming airdrafts and its contents of "sand” seeds. Collection of static charges may be so high that it can generate very high voltages - running in several thousands of volts. If the electric resistance of air, below this cloud, is decreased due to upcoming water laden air draft, this voltage may get discharged in form of lightening towards earth. In general,
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