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These clusters of parmanus belong to the first 14 Varganãs, out of a total of 23 varganas of parmanus, as per Digambara (Gommatsara, Jîva-Kanda, part -2) Jaina-science. As per Swetambara School (5th Karma Grantha, gatha 75-76), they belong to the first 16 varganas of a total of 26. In their micro-transformed state, they may probably be equivalent to 'Energy' state of matter of modern science. (Ref. 1,2) In the 15th and 17th vargana the cluster density i.e., the packing of microtransformed clusters in terms of parmanus per unit space reaches such a critical value (level), that it probably causes 'bonding' between them. This transformation is called 'Macro-or gross Transformation of parmanus. Thus an energy cluster is converted into a particle cluster (skandha), thereby acquiring 'weight' phenomenon. Varganas beyond 154 or 17th type will have different cluster density, called 'Laghu-Guru' (light-heavy) and with different joint bonding strength, called 'Kathor-Mridu' (hard-soft). This seems to be a measure of springing and elastic property of the bonding joint between parmanus at subtle level (Fig. 1b) After macro-transformation, (bonding by contraction), these pudgalas become visible and acquire weight. With this transformation, the number of sparsas are again augmented. The original or basic 4 sparasas develop the next 4 secondary sparsas,
Joints
00960 Ouro CO TODO
Oblood0.4
4 Macro-transformed cluster
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Ooooloo 0.0
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Fig 1b Macro-transformed cluster (Vargana)
raising the capability of skandha to acquire a total of 8 sparsas. Elucidating this evolution process, it is clarified in Jaina Theory that (Ref 1,2)
Excess of ruksa-sparsa in pudgalas results in development of Laghu-sparsa. That means excess of negative charge, makes the entity Lighter (leading to weightlessness)
(i)
Excess of
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