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2. Absorption and biosorption 3. Electro-winning and electrocoagulation 4. Membrane separation (RO, electro-dialysis). 5. Solvent extraction 6. Ion-exchange Cost effectiveness of a method depends on the quality of effluent Our age-old principles to deal with our natural resources of water i.e., to conserve, Re-use, Recycle and Convert for secondary use, are still valid. The impending doom due to water pollution can be eliminated, if the above practices are spread and introduced seriously in Industrial and Domestic field conscientiously as a campaign. iv) Standard Practices: People living in water-scarcity or water-stressed areas, like Thar Desert area as well as most of the 'Jains' have developed, as a tradition, very efficient habits for using the water. A few examples of standard practices are given below:a) Using only daily-filtered water for drinking. A properly folded
clean cotton cloth is used for filtration of potable water. b) Using minimum water for dirt removal in house holds and that too
under a controlled discharge. Decant it for its re-use. c) Reduce its consumption to the bare minimum possible. Because
the discharge amount of water from a tap depends on the waterhead and the diameter of tap. The extent of opening of the tap, controls the consumption. This knowledge helps the people to minimize their consumption. (Readers may be remembering here, as to how Colgate Company could double its SALE in a year, just by increasing the diameter of tooth paste Tube!). Use of water
meters should be made compulsory in towns and villages. v) Awareness Training Training Programs have been designed for individuals to optimize the use of water for bathing and for washing of clothes and utensils. It dwells more on the use of commonsense, rather than any dogma. It gives insight into the basic principles of Industrial Engineering to
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