Book Title: Jainism Eternal and Universal Path for Enlightenment
Author(s): Narendra Bhandari
Publisher: Research Institute of Scientific Secrets from Indian Oriental Scriptures Ahmedabad

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Page 19
________________ Jainism : The Eternal and Universal path for Enlightenment 19 Evolutionary history of life Plants Hamids millie Hoopis years apo 160.000 Years Moving Animals 570 million years ago Unicellular Species 3500 million years ago Life on Earth began Multicellular Species Fig 1.1. The evolutionary record of species on Earth, beginning with single celled species to multi celled species, to marine species, mobile animals, plants, mammals and flying species to humans. Predecessors of Humans (Hominids) first appeared on the Earth about 6 million years ago, rapidly evolving in to Man (Homosapien) who first appeared about 200000 years ago. getting energy through organic material, for example, food. The fossil record also tells us that although physical evolution occurs gradually, consciousness occasionally makes a big jump. In the history of life on earth, four revolutions have occurred. The first was the origin of life, about which we know little. The most primitive, for example monocellular species like algae (prokaryotes), remained completely dependent on environment for their survival and natural transmutation for evolution. Then came higher level of species which proactively interacted with the environment and modified themselves by interaction. The second big revolution came when species acquired mobility with the onset of Phanerozoic era. This occurred about 550 million years ago. The third revolution is the appearance of mammals. The last

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