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Jaina Philosophy of Word : (49) (iii) Ākhyātika (pertaining to verbs)- The verbal terms (roots) are called ākhyātika, e.g. dhāvati (to run).
(iv) Upasargika (pertaining to a Prefix). That, which causes change in the meaning of a term, is called upasarga (prefix), viz. ‘pra',
sama', ni, vi, etc. The words constructed by these prefixes are called Aupasargika viz. Vijñāna, Adhivaktā, etc.
(v) Miśra (a complex word)- The word constructed with the help of prefix, verb and participles, is called miśra or a complex word, e.g. sanyata. Besides, Anuyogadvāra-sūtra, the same classification is found in Viseșāvasyaka-bhāşya also. (6) Şadvidha-nāma (Six-fold names)
The union of karma particles with the soul produces six volitional conditions (Bhāva) of the soul. These conditions are called six-fold name in Anuyogadvāra-sūtra.
These volitional conditions are as under:
(a) Audayika (Realisational). The condition of the soul on the realisation of a particular type of karma is called audayika- nāma, e.g. human being (manusya), celestial-being (deva), etc.
(b) Aupaśamika (Subsidential)- The condition of the soul on the subsidence (upaśama) of a particular type of karma is called Aupaśamikanāma.
(c) Kṣāyika (Destructional)- The condition of the soul on the destruction of a particular type of Karma is kṣāyika-nāma.
(d) Kṣāyopaśamika (Destructional cum subsidential)- The condition of soul on the partial destruction and partial subsidence of a particular type of karma is called kṣāyopaśamika-nāma.
(e) Pāriņāmika (Modificational)- The modificational names denote changes. They are of two types - 1. Sādi (with beginning) and 2. Anādi (without beginning). The changes occurred in a particular object due to time factor, are called sādi-pāriņāmika (modification with beginning) e.g. old sweet stuff (Guda), old cloth etc. The continuous changing process witnessed in substance like matter (pudgala) etc. is called modifications without beginning
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