Jaina Philosophy of Language

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 76

10 Jaina Philosophy of Language
(f) Sannipätika (Conjunctive)- The conditions emerged out of the conjunction of above mentioned five different conditions are called sannipätika.
(50)
(7) Saptavidha-nāma (Seven-fold names)
Anuyogadvāra-sūtra mentions seven-fold classification of names, which refers seven notes of music (sapta-svaras) i.e. Sadja, Rṣabha, Gāndhära, Madhyama, Pañcama, Dhaivata, and Niṣāda. These notes of music are the medium of feeling expressions and in this way are related with language. The author has discussed in detail the uccāraṇa-sthāna (the place of articulation), phala (the point of piercing instrument), grāma (gamut), etc. I have referred these notes of music here because they are very important from the point of view of philosophy of language. (8) Aṣṭavidha-nāma (Eight-fold-names)
Anuyogadvara-sutra defines eight-fold names based on eight cases (vibhakti). These eight cases are elaborately discussed in Sanskrit and Prakrit grammars. The case determines the place of the word in a sentence. Hence cases are very important with regard to the meaning of a word. (9) Navavidha-nāma (Nine-fold names)
Anuyogadvāra sūtra refers nine-fold names based on nine types of Rasas (Sentiments) which are very important for the literature (poetic). These Rasas are ž1. Vīra (heroism), 2. Sṛngāra (love), 3. Adbhuta (wonder), 4. Raudra (anger or fury), 5. Brīḍanaka (terror), 6. Vibhatsa (disgust), 7. Hasya (mirth), 8. Karuna (pity) and 9, Prasanta (tranquillity). But how these Rasas are related to the method of naming, it is not clear. From the point of view of language the six-fold, seven-fold and ninefold names are not so important. With the point of view of karma theory the six-fold names, from the point of view of musicology the seven-fold names and from the point of view of literature, the nine-fold names are important but they are not directly related with philosophy of language. In eight-fold names based on eight cases are related with philosophy of language. The ten-fold names described in Anuyogadvāra-sūtra are directly associated with the method of naming and philosophy of language. (10) Daśavidha- nāma (Ten-fold names)
Anuyogadvara-sūtra13 and Dhavala" refer the following ten-fold names. Both are different in serial numbers only. This classification