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Tirthařkaras
that the first Tirthamkara's cognizance is a Bull. Over and above this symbol, we get a clue that he has also the symbol of DharmaCakra. All the patriarchs have certain special trees under which they received the Kevala Jrāna or Perfect Knowledge. The tree connected with the first Jina is Nyagrodha or the Indian Banyan tree. Other iconographic marks of the Jina are his Yaksa named Gomukha (lit. Bull-Faced) and Yaksiņi Cakresvari (Goddess of whcels) or Apraticakrā. The texts give two worshippers on either side of Rşabhadeva viz. Bharata and Bahubali.2
The images of Adinātha, so far discovered in India and preserved in Museums and icmples, essentially satisfy the above conditions. The illustration of the saint we have reproduced in Pl. II, show's the effigy of a bull in the middle of the pedestal. At the left end of it, may be seen the figure of Yakşiņi Cakreśvarī, who holds a discus and rides the Guruda. Standing types of the same Jina statues may also be scen. In these, nudity is very prominent and there is no lion or the lion-seat.3
In the Jaina history of the Patriarchs, Rşalhanātha or Vrşabhanātha is regarded as the founder of the religion. Deiails of his history are preserved in the Adipurāņa of the Digambaras, Kalpasūtra and Hemachandra's Trişaşlhi-Salākāpuruşacaritra of the
वज्ज हरिणो छगलो नदावत्तो य कलसकुम्भो य । नीलप्पलसंखफनीसीहो अ जिणाण चिहाइ ॥
TT TAHTTIET 16 IT 1. तक्षशिलायां बाहुबलिना कारिते भगवत ऋषभदेवस्य धर्मप्रकाशके चक्रे च
3919: 1 पाश्वयोर्भरतबाहुबलिभ्यामपसेवितः ।
TETET (?) fa greifachte 29995: 11 Trişaşțišalākā, Ādīśvara, 1st Parva, 3rd Ch. 58 verse. I saw in an old picture collection preserved in the Asiatic Society of Bengal Mss. Collection No. 1544, the representation of Rsabhanatha
attended by Bharatacakri, his son. 3. For examples see the figure of Rşabhanātha half way up on the Vaibhär
hill of Rājgir. It has a mark of a lotus with two bulls on cither side. For other fig. vide and cf. Cunningham Arch. S. R. Vol XI., P. 12. Ibid., Vol. X p. 17. Ibid, Vol. IX., p. 58. Mathura Museum Catalogue, p. 67. fig. B. 4. p. 71, fig. B 21, p. 81, fig. B 76, Deogarh Fort, 2228 list... (3) Ibid, No. 2223.
