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THE JAINA GAZETTE
According to the Evambhuta-naya, every word signifies some action or activity, so that as soon as an object is deprived of the activity, signified by the word the word cannot be applied to it.
Thus, the Pratyaksha and the Paroksha are the two modes of the Pramana. The Pramana and Naya are included in the Jnana. The Jnana and the Darsana are the subdivisions of the Upayoga. The Jaina theory is that in consideration of the Upayoga, the Jiva cr soul may be said to be of one sort only.
The Jiva of two kinds The Mundane (Samsarastha) and the Liberated (Mukta) are the two kinds of the Jiva. The soul which is bound in Karma is Mundane and the soul which is free from it is Liberated.
Although the Mundane souls are bound in Karma all of them do not belong to the one and the same class; there are differences in stages or modifications among them. The Jaina philosophers describe fourteen "stages of development" (Gunasthanas) to show these differences. The Gunasthanas are states or stages through which a Bhavya Jiva (i.e., a soul capable of attaining Perfection) advances on his way to Liberation. A Mundane soul must necessarily be in one of these fourteen states. The fourteen Gunasthanas are :-(1) Mithyadrishti, (2) Sasadana. (3) Misra, (4) Asamyala (5) Desa-samyata, (6) Promatta, (7) Apramatta, (8) Apurva-karana, (9) Anivrithikarana, (10) Sukshma-Kashaya, (11) Upasanta-kashaya. (12) Samkshina-kashaya, (13) Sayoga-kecali and (14) Ay ga kevali.
When the karma called the Mithya-darsana finds its way to the soul and makes it repudiate the truth and believe in what is untruth, the Jiva has the first Gunasthana,--the Mithyadrishti, The soul is in the stage of Sasadana when its True Faith is destroyed because of the rise not of the Mithyadarsana but of the karma, called the Anantanubandhi. The third stage is called the Misra i.e., the Mixed: the soul is in this stage when on account of the rise of the Samyakmithyaloa-karma, its faculty of True Faith is partly purified and partly stained. When the kashaya called the Apratyakhyanavarana arises in the soul, the Jiva although it is possessed of True Faith then, becomes unres
Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
www.umaragyanbhandar.com
