________________
126
THE JAINA GAZETTE To understand the true nature of the Soul, a clear conception of these divisions and of many allied things is necessary.
The Jiva of One Kind. If we confine our attention to the common essence of all the Souls, we may maintain that all of them are but of one and the same kind. This common essence is Upayoga or consciousness. Every Soul is possessed of consciousness. Upayoga is of two sorts viz., Darsana and Jnana. Darsana is the consciousness of the abstract Being of an object without the consciousness of any of its details. Jnana is the cognition of an object with its details. Jnana or cognition is divided into two modes viz., Pramana ard Naya. Pramana is valid knowledge of an object in all its aspects viz., an object taken as a whole while Naya is right apprehension of a part or a particular aspect of it. Pratyaksha or direct apprehension and Paroksha or indirect knowledge are the two subdivisions of the Pramana. The former is clearer and more vivid than the latter. Avadhi or clairvoyance, Manah-paryaya or telepathy and Kevala or omniscience are the Pratyaksha Pramanas. The Avadhi-knowledge is the knowledge of an object having a form, which is obtained without the help of the Senses and the Mind. The cognition of the matter of another man's mind which is independent of the operations of the Senses etc., is called the Manah-paryaya-Jnana. The Kevala- Jnana or omniscience is the direct apprehension of all the objects of the universe with all their modes and aspects.
The Paroksha or indirect knowledge is of two kinds viz, Mati and Sruta. Mati-jnana is cognition which is dependent on the operation of the Indriya (senses) and the Anindriya (mind). Sensuous-apprehension (Indriya jnana). Self-apprehension (Soa-samvedana). Recollection (Smarana), Conception (Pralyabhijna), Induction (Uha) Deduction (Anumana) are included in Mati-jnana, In Darsana, we have no apprehension of the form or the shape of the object; in Mati-jnana or Sensuous knowledge, we have it. The Mati-jnana has four modes, rather four stages of development: these are called Avagraha, Iha, Avaya and Dharona. Avagraha is the lowest stage in Mati
Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
www.umaragyanbhandar.com
