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THEORY OF MATTEREALS AND JAIN PHILOSOPHY/111
Mathematically, if Ar is the uncertainty of the position measurements and Ap is the standard deviation of the momentum measurements, then
Ax Ap ≥
where, h is the reduced Planck's constant (Planck's constant divided by 2p). Connected with the theory of relativity, a similar relation exists in spacetime descriptions also:
ii.
h
AEAt >
2
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h
As excited states have a short lifetime their energy uncertainty is substantial. This relation helps to explain the 'chaotic' behavior of the spacetime, wherein very small time steps result in huge energy variations.
2
A fundamental consequence of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is that no physical phenomena can be described as a 'classic point particle' or as a 'wave' but rather the microphysical situation is at best described in terms of wave-particle duality. The uncertainty principle, as initially considered by Heisenberg, is concerned with cases in which neither the wave nor the point particle descriptions are fully and exclusively appropriate. Such cases exist only in the sukshma matter and we can compare it with syadwad.
We recognise syadwad by its three distinct features of expression -
i.
Aasti (to be/is)
ii. Nasti (not to be/is not)
iii. Avaktavya (Uncertain/probabilistic)
If we describe wave particle duality in terms of above postulates, three possibilities arise -
i.
When a microphysical matter exhibits particle behaviour, wave properties are absent or obscured.
Conversely, when it 'is' wave, it 'is not' particle. This duality is inherent and not induced. In fact, an EPR (Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen) experiment in 1935, established that the uncertainty does not arise only while making measurements, but exists intrinsically. In Jain Agamic literature, referring to the indivisible paramanu
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