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JAIN MATHEMATICS AND KARMAVAD/133
constituents an intangible world perceptible only by the intelligence, and simultaneously, macro pudgals (also known as Vyavhar Parmanu) constitute a tangible world observable by our sensory organs (Indriya). In micro form, pudgals remain weight less and travel unrestricted in the space. In this state, the pudgal is understood to be in the form of pure energy. Light, temperature, gravity, magnetism, electrostatic bonds etc., are manifestations of micro world. As described in Anuyog Dwara, infinite micro pudgals integrate to form a macro pudgal. This basic entity is called Vyavhar Parmanu. Therefore, the Jain literature gives us following classification of basic building blocks of the universe
1. Sukshma or Nishchay (Deterministic) Parmanu 2. Sthula or Vyavhar (Behavioural) Parmanu
Vyavhar Parmanu is a specially coined definition in the sutras of Anuyog Dwara. This is because the human behaviour (Vyavhar) is entirely dependent on the macro-pudgals as the latter alone comes within the realms of our sensory perception. As discussed earlier, macro pudgals cannot travel unrestricted. In other words, they keep on interacting with other particles during motion. This property of interaction makes the macro pudgals tangible and perceptible by our sensory organs. We have no measurements available for micro or sukshma parmunu as they are rendered ethereal or intangible. On the other hand, Jain literature has full set of units to describe the ascending order of complexity of Sthula or Vyavhar Parmanu -
Nishchay Parmanu = 1 Vyavhar Parmanu (Both Nishya and Vyavhar Parmanu are beyond the realm of sensory perception) 8 Vyavhar Parmanu = 1 TrusParmanu (From Trus Parmanu onwards, Sthula substances are within the domain of sensory perception) 82 Vyavhar Parmanu = 1 RathParmanu 8 Vyavhar Parmanu = 1 Balagra 84 Vyavhar Parmanu = 1 Liksha 85 Vyavhar Parmanu = 1 Uka 86 Vyavhar Parmanu = 1 Yav 87 Vyavhar Parmanu = 1 Angul
24 Angul = 1 Hath 4 Hath = 1 Dhanushya 2000 Dhanushya = 1 Guvyut 4 Guvyut = 1 Yojan
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