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146 / JAIN STUDIES AND SCIENCE
1.3
The meaning of Avaktavya (inexpressible) is the digit 'one'. On the basis of the Uttaradhyayana and the Amuyogudvaru aphorisms, it has been mentioned that the number 'one' has not been regarded as the calculation number. In the Jain canonical texts, the minimal calculation number has been recognised as 'two'. Its exposition is necessary, and that has been given in the following pages.
2. Digambara Tradition
In the Digambara tradition, the word 'Kadi' occurs in place of the word Kati. Its meaning has been expressed as that of 'Kruti'. The mathematical
sition of the word Kruti is different from that in the Shetambara tradition. Digambars, therefore, use another term "Nokruti' in their classification of numbers. Their three terms are --
Nokruti
* Kruti
Avakatavya
A number which fulfils following three criteria is termed as Krui
(i) Which increases after being squared, (ii) When the difference of its square and the number itself is greater
than the number, (iii) When above difference is squared and preceding number is
subtracted again, result must greater than the original number. This incremental pattern must continue as many times as this process is repeated.
The difference among these three terms can be understood with the help of examples -
2.1. Nokruti
Let us take an example of number 'one'. (i) There is no increase when it is squared
(1)2 = 1 x 1 = 1 (ii) When, out of this square the number itself is subtracted, it results
in null - 1 - 1 = 0
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