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JONE, 1927)
VEDIC STUDIES
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11. He extends Heaven and Earth with his light (6.1, 11 : d' yás talántha ródasi
vi bhdsá' ; see also 10, 1, 7:5, 1, 7, 6, 4, 6; 7, 5, 4; 10, 88, 3). 12. He brings Heaven and Earth to the sacrifice and offers oblations to them (6, 16, 24:
váso yakshihá rodasf; and 3, 7, 9: maho devd'n rodasi ehá vakshi ; see also 6, 12, 1;
6, 11, 4; 6, 15, 15; 3, 15, 5; 10, 11, 9). 13. He fills Heaven and Earth (6, 48, 6: a váh papraú bhanúnd rodas ubhé ; see also
1, 69, 1; 1, 73, 8; 3, 2, 7; 3, 3, 10; 3, 6, 2; 7, 13, 2; 10, 140, 2). . 14. He shines upon or illumines Heaven and Earth (3, 25, 3: agnir dya' vdprthivi' vis.
vajanyé a' bhati devf' ame'te ámúrah; see also 1, 143, 2; 3, 2, 2; 1, 96, 5;
2, 2, 5; 10, 45, 4; 7, 12, 1; 6, 3, 7). The word arati, in all probability, refers to one out of these fourteen kinds of relations, and that being so, it becomes obvious that the first mentioned thirteen cannot be intended by it (for none of these fits into the context in the other passages where arati occurs), and that it can refer to the fourteenth only.
Arati thus means 'one who shines or illumines, bright, brilliant. It is therefore derived from the same root- or ar 'to shine' (and not from? or ar 'to go 'as Sayana has suggested)-as the words aruna and arusha and is practically synonymous with these two words and also with pavaka, sukra, duci, vibhavan, vibhvan, rukma, etc., all which words mean
bright,' resplendent,' and are, like the word arati, used most often as epithete of Agni or Sürya.
Arati thus, in 1, 59, 2: aratródasyoh; 6, 49, 2: ádrptakratum aratin yuvalych ; 2, 2, 3: divás-prthivyor aratim ny erire ; 7,5, 1: divó arataye pythivya'h ; and 10, 3, 7: divás-prthivyor aratir yuvatyo” means 'he who shines upon; he who illumines'; cf. 1, 143, 2: prá dylavd Socih prthivi' arocayat; 10, 45, 4:a' rádasi bhdnún abhaty anthá; 1, 96, 5: dyd'vdksha'md rukmo antár vi bhati, etc. Similarly, aratim prthivya'h in 6, 7, 1 means 'him who shines on, or illumines, the earth.' In 2, 4, 2, devá'ndm agnir aratih means 'Agni, who shines on the gods'; cf. 8, 60, 15 : d'a id devéshu rajasi; and similarly, 7, 10, 3: havyavd'ham aratim md'nushanam means 'him, the carrier of oblations, who shines on men'; compare 7, 5, 2: 84 md'nushfr abhi viso vf bhati. In 1, 58, 7: agnim vffvesham aratím vású nám, the phrase Datsunam aratiḥ is equivalent to asur vasúnam in 1, 94, 13: varur vásündm asi ... agne; and in 10, 91, 3: varur vásündmi kshayasi tvám éka it, and means 'bright amongst those that are bright; most bright. In 6, 3, 6: citrádhrajatir aratir yo aktóh, the word aktoh is to be construed with aratih ; and the meaning is, he whose speed is wonderful, who shines at night'; cf. 5, 7,4 : sá smd kernoti ketúm a náktam cid dürá a' saté; 6, 3, 6: náktam ya im arushah which is exactly parallel to aratir yo aktoh ; 3, 50, 4: kshapd'm vasta'; 8, 19, 31 : kahapo vástushu rajasi, etc.
The verse 6, 12, 3: tėjishtha yásydratir vanerá'todó ádhvan ná urdhasánó adyaut is a diffi. cult one: Ludwig has proposed that the proper reading here is amatih and not aratih, and Grassmann, that one should read tejishthaya yah instead of tejishtha yasya, & suggestion that Oldenberg (RV. Noten) thinks is perhaps correct. Oldenberg has besides observed (1.c.) that 1, 127, 4 and 1,129,5 point to the reading arañi instead of arali, and also that it is possible to translate the passage without any emendation, though this translation is very artificial, as dessen (Glut) die schärfste ist, der arati.' He therefore proposes to interpret the pas. sage as 'he whose arati is most sharp' without however saying what the meaning of arati is.
Now the verses 1, 127, 4 and 1, 129, 5 referred to above by Oldenberg in this connection are obscure and it is difficult to find out what these verses themselves mean. And moreover, in the verse 10, 61, 20: ádhásu mandrs aratir vibha'vd'va syati dvivartanir vanesha't, the word vaneshaf 'victorious in the forest,' which is almost synonymous with the word vanerd! (ruling over the forest ') here, is clearly co-ordinate with aratih and vibhdod, which makes
