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232
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
DECEMBER, 1927
AV. 4, 15, 2: sám ikshayantu tavisha'h suda' navo
'pá'm ráså oshadhibhiḥ sacantam varshásya sárga mahayantu bhu' mim
pr'thag jayantam oshadhayo visvárûpáh || "Let the strong liberal ones (sc. the Maruts) cause to behold together; let the juices of the waters attach themselves to the herbs ; let downpours of rain glorify the earth; let herbs of all forms be born quickly." AV. 4, 15, 3: sám ikshayasva ga'yato nábhamsy
apd'r végdsah pr' thay u'd vijantam varshásya sárga mahayantu bha'min
pr' thag jayantam oshadhayo visvárů pah ! "Do thou make the singers behold the clouds together; let the swift streams of water rush out rapidly ; let downpours of rain glorify the earth; let herbs of all forms be born quickly."
Whitney in his Translation (p. 172) renders prthak in these passages as here and there'; and gives a note, after verse 4, that "prthak, lit. 'severally, separately' is used in these verses rather in the sense of all about, everywhere.'." It seems to me that it is preferable to accept here (for verses 2 and 3) the meaning. quickly, rapidly 'established for prthak above, and that this makes it unnecessary to suggest a third meaning, all about, everywhere ', for it. With regard to verse 4, the meaning nånd, severally', may be considered to suit well here and also in AV. 3, 19, 6 and 5, 20, 7, where too the words prthak and ghosha (in 5, 20, 7 its synonym dhvanayah) occur. A better sense, however, is yielded by these passages if we interpret prthak here as 'strong', a meaning which is a development from that of 'rapid, quick, impetuous'; see Vedische Studien I, p. 47 and 97 for numerous examples of such development. I would therefore translate these verses as follows: AV. 4, 15, 4 : gand's tvo pa gdyantu ma'rutih parjanya ghoshinah pr'thak
sárga varshásya várshato várshantu prthivi'm ánu ! "Let the troops of Maruts that shout strongly sing to thee, O Parjanya ; let gushes of raining rain rain along the earth." Shouting strongly is a characteristic of the Maruts that is frequently mentioned in the RV.; compare for instance 1, 64, 8: simha' iva ndnadati prácelasah ; 1, 85, 2: árcanto arleám janayanta indriyám ádhi sriyo dadhire prénimatarah ; 5, 54, 12: sváranti ghosham vitatam rtâyávah ; compare also 1, 169, 7; 3, 26, 5 and Bergaigne II, 373. AV. 3, 19, 6: úd dhárshantam maghavan vd' jindny
úd vira'nam jáyatám etu ghóahah pr'thag ghoshd ululáyah ketumánta úd fratam
deva indrajyeshtha marúto yantu sénaya || "Let their energies be excited, O bounteous one ; let the shout of the conquering heroes arise ; let strong shouts and clear jubilant cries go up ; let the divine Maruts with Indra as chief go with the army." To pythag ghoshah in this verse corresponds dyuman ghoshah in 10, 84,4:dyumántam ghosham vijaya'ya krnmahe. AV. 5, 20, 7: antarémé nabhasi ghosho astu
pr' thak te dhvánayo yantu si'bham abhi kranda stanayotpipanah
Slokaky'n mitrata'rydya svardhi' || “Let there be noise between these two firmaments ; let thy sounds go swift and strong; roar (at them), thunder, truculent, resounding unto the victory of our friends, & good parti. zan." The last half-verse is unintelligible to me and I have therefore repeated here the translation of Whitney.
Prthak has the sense of nand in the other passages where it occurs, namely, in 1, 131, 2;1, 157, 1 ; 8, 43, 18 and 8, 43, 29.
