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Arhat Pārśva and Dharanendra Nexus: An Introductory Estimation
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41. Since the earth is not spherical but discoidal in Nirgrantha concept, the central Jambūdvipa and
the surrounding ring-formed oceans alternating with ring-formed mega-continents in transfinite number take its place, a function such as of Seșa for Dharanendra has no place in Nirgrantha
cosmography 42. U.P. Shah as well as M.N. Tiwari have so suggested. See their respective papers in this volume. 43. It was believed that this poem by Jinasena, since admired in one of the Harivamšapurāna's verses
figuring there after the inaugural hymn, was composed before A.D. 784, the date of the selfsame purāna. Those verses, in reality, had been later interpolated. (For details see my paper in Hindi, "'Daksiņātya Paramparā ke kucha Grantho ki Aitihāsika Samaśyāyen", Sandhāna, Vol. V, Varanasi
1992, pp. 15-29.) 44. It has appeared in several publications, the most complete and the best reproduced is in C.
Sivaramamurti, Panorama of Jain Art, Bombay 1983, frontispiece. 45. Cf. K.R. Srinivasan, "South India", Jaina Art and Architecture, ed. A. Ghosh, Bharatiya Jnanpith,
New Delhi 1975, plate 133. It is of the Pallava period, plausibly ninth century. 46. Cf. Sivaramamurti, Panorama, Kiļakuyilkudi (Pāndya, 9th cent.), Fig. 85; Citral (c. 9th cent.), Fig.
94, etc. 47. For details, see here U.P. Shah. 48. Vädirāja involves Padmavati also in his narration. See again U.P. Shah. 49. See here M.N. Tiwari's paper. 50. See my paper, "śāntara Sculpture", Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art, New Series, Vol.
IV, (1971-72), plates XVII-XX. 51. This image has been variously dated by different scholars between the Gupta period and the tenth
century. I have tentatively suggested late 9th century but it could be somewhat early. Again, about its provenance, there is no unanimity. While it is believed to be originating from Bihar, Amar Singh places it in Madhya Pradesh. It could as well be from Uttar Pradesh. The image has been
published in several different publications by different authors. 52. See here D.R. Das's paper. 53. Vide here U.P. Shah's remarks in his paper here.
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