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42
Arhat Pārśva and Dharanendra Nexus
15. Also see, Jagdishchandra Jain, Life in Ancient India as depicted in Jaina Canon and commentaries,
sec. edn., New Delhi 1984, pp. 20-21; also Padmanabha Jaini, The Jaina Path of Purification, Delhi 1979, pp. 14-20 for some remarks on this meeting and the meaning of cäturyāma samvara. For a new interpretation by P.K. Modi, see his "Introduction", Pāsanābacariü of Padmakirti, Prāksta Texts Series, Vol. VIII, Vārāṇasi 1965. Also see W. Schubring, The Doctrine., pp. 28-31;
and Muni Nāgaraja, Āgama aur Tripitaka eka Anušilana, (Hindi), Vol. I, 213, 411, 428, 454-55. 16. The fuller reference is C. Sivaramamurti, Panorama of Jain Art, New Delhi 1983. 17. Published in Delhi 1987. 18. The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, December 1970, pp. 303-11. 19. M.A. Dhaky, "Sāntara Sculpture", Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art, New Series, Vol.
IX, 1971-1972, plates XVIII (9) and XIX. 20. Sivaramamurti, Panorama., p. 91, plate 121. 21. For illustration, see here Dhaky's Introductory essay and the relevent plate thereof. 22. तत्र प्रभोः गर्भस्थे सति शयनीस्था मात पार्श्वे सर्पन्तं कृष्णसर्प ददर्श ततः पार्श्वेति नामकृतिः।
- Kalpa-sūtra-Subodhikā, p. 128. स्पृशति ज्ञानेन सर्वभावानिति पार्श्वः। तथा गर्भस्थे जनन्या निशि सर्पो दृष्टः इति गर्भानुभावोऽयगिति मत्वा पश्यतीति निरुक्तत्वत्वार्श्वः पार्थोऽस्य वैयावृत्याकरः यक्षः तस्य नाथः पार्श्वनाथः
Commentary on Abhidhāna Cintamani, I, 26 ff. Also see, the Avašyaka-niryukti gātha 1091; SiriPāsanābacariya, “prastāva" 3, p. 152. The Uttarapurāna, 73, 92, says that the name Pārśva was
given to this Jina by Indra. 23. Umakant P. Shah, Akota Bronzes, Bombay 1959, plate 1b; also the author's Jaina-Rupa-Mandana,
plate V (Fig. 8). 24. Shah, ibid., plate III (Fig. 3). 25. Cf. "A Pārsvanātha Sculpture.", BCMA, Dec. 1970, p. 305. 26. For some Buddhist representations, cf. Benjamin Rowland, Jr., Gandhara Sculptures from Paki
stan Museums, New York 1960, p. 32, showing a sculpture from Peshawar Museum and pl. on p.55 showing hosts of Māra, from Central Museum, Lahore. Also Harold Ingholt, Gandbaran Art in Pakistan, New York 1957, figs. 61-6; and N.P. Joshi, Mathura Sculptures, Mathura1966, pl.
86. 27. Herbert Hartel, “Some Results of the Excavations at Sonkh: A Preliminary Report", The Excavations
at Sonkb: An Exhibition at the National Museum, New Delhi 1976, fig. 44. 28. Siri-Päsanāba-cariyam, "prastāva" 3, 1-7, pp. 187 f. 29. Ahicchatrā is modern Ramnagar in Bareilly district, U.P. For Ahicchatrā, with Adi Nāga as its
presiding deity and for Näga-worship in India from Vedic times, see, The Age of Imperial Unity (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's History and Culture of the Indian People Volume II), Bombay 1960, pp. 471 ff.; also James Fergusson, Tree and Serpent Worship in India, Vārāṇasi 1971; and Vogel,
J. Ph., Indian Serpent-Lore or the Nāgas in Hindu legend and Art, Vārāṇasi 1972. 30. Mabāvagga, i.3. Vinaya-pitakam (ed. Oldenberg), Vol. I, p. 3; S.B.E., Vol. XIII, p. 80; Vogel,
Indian Serpent Lore, pp. 102 ff. 31. Jätaka (ed. Fausboll), Vol. I, p. 80. Rhys Davids, Buddhist Birth Stories, p. 109. 32. Lalitavistāra, Vol. I, pp. 379 f.
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