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Arbat Parsva and Dharanendra Nexus
with in the example of Parsva standing likewise in the käyotsarga for attaining the kevala-jñāna. He had to encounter with terrible upasargas caused by Meghamali or Sambara (the soul of devilish Kamatha). Despite the upasargas, Pārśva remained completely unaffected and stayed stable in tapas because of his inexhaustible inner spiritual strength. The probable source of the mythology of upasargas of Parsva was the legends of Buddha's Maravijaya and Krsna's uplifting
of Govardhana mountain.
7. Cave No. 33.
8. U.P. Shah, "A Pārsvanatha Sculpture in Cleveland", The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, December 1970, pp. 303-11.
9. M.A. Dhaky, "Śântara Sculpture", Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art, New Series, Vol. IV, 1971-72, pp. 78-96.
10. See the recent article in Hindi by M.A. Dhaky, "Dakṣiņātya Nirgrantha Parampara ke Kucha Granthon ki Aitihäsika Samasyäeñ," Sandbāna, Vol. V, 1992, pp. 17, 18.
11. Pārsvábbyudaya kavya of Jinasena, ed. M.G. Kothari, Bombay 1965, IV sarga, verses 45-48. 12. Uttarapurana of Guṇabhadra, ed. Pannalal Jain, Bharatiya Gyana Pith, Varanasi 1954, sarga 73, verses 136-140.
13. Pāsanābacariü of Padmakīrtti, ed. Prafulla Kumar Modi, Varanasi 1965, sarga 14, veres 4-30.
Plate 54. Plate 55. Plate 56.
Plate 57. Plate 58. Plate 59. Plate 60. Plate 61. Plate 62. Plate 63.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Aihole, Jaina Cave, vīthikā, Pārsvanatha, c. last quarter of the 6th century A.D. Ellora, cave 31, Pārśvanatha, south wall, c. ninth century A.D. Ellora, cave 31, Pārsvanatha, north wall, c. ninth century A.D. Ellora, cave 32, Pārsvanatha, south wall, c. ninth century A.D.
Ellora, cave 32, Indrasabhā, Pārsvanatha, south wall, c. ninth century A.D.
Ellora, cave 32, Indrasabhā, Pārsvanatha, c. ninth century A.D.
Ellora, cave 32, Indrasabha, Pārsvanatha, upper series, east, c. ninth century A.D.
Ellora, cave 33, Pārsvanatha with the figure of Kamatha (?), c. ninth century A.D. Ellora, cave 33, Pārsvanatha, c. ninth century A.D.
Ellora, cave 34, Pārsvanatha, south wall, c. ninth century A.D.
(All illustrations are published here by the courtesy and kindness, American Institute of Indian Studies, Center for Art & Archaeology, Ramnagar, Varanasi.)
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