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________________ anusandhAna-59 jUna paumacariyaM : eka sarvekSaNa (rAmakathA kA prAcIna evaM utkRSTa jainagrantha) - pro. sAgaramala jaina rAmakathA kI vyApakatA ___ rAma aura kRSNa bhAratIya saMskRti ke prANa-puruSa rahe haiM / unake jIvana, AdarzoM evaM upadezo ne bhAratIya saMskRti ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| bhArata evaM bhArata ke pUrvI nikaTavartI dezo meM Aja bhI rAma-kathA ke maMcana kI paramparA jIvita hai / hindU, jaina aura bauddha dharma paramparA meM rAmakathA sambandhI pracura ullekha pAye jAte hai / rAma-kathA sambandhI granthoM meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa prAcInatama grantha hai / yaha grantha hindU paramparA meM pracalita rAma-kathA kA AdhAra grantha hai / isake atirikta saMskRta meM racita padmapurANa aura hindI meM racita rAmacaritamAnasa bhI rAma-kathA sambandhI pradhAna grantha hai, jinhoMne hindU jana-jIvana ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / jaina paramparA meM rAmakathA sambandhI granthoM meM prAkRta bhASA meM racita vimalasUri kA 'paumacariyaM' eka prAcInatama pramukha grantha hai / lekhakIya prazasti ke anusAra yaha I. san kI prathama zatI kI racanA hai| vAlmIki kI rAmAyaNa ke pazcAt rAmakathA sambandhI granthoM meM yahI prAcInatama grantha hai / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI meM racita rAmakathA sambandhI grantha isake paravartI hI hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, kannar3a evaM hindI meM jainoM kA rAmakathA sambandhI sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM hai, jisakI carcA hama Age vistAra se kareMge / bauddha paramparA meM rAmakathA mukhyataH jAtaka kathAoM meM varNita hai / jAtaka kathAe~ mukhyataH bodhisattva ke rUpa meM buddha ke pUrvabhavoM kI carcA karatI hai| inhIM meM dazaratha jAtaka meM rAmakathA kA ullekha hai / bauddha paramparA meM rAmakathA sambandhI kauna-kauna se pramukha grantha likhe gaye isakI jAnakArI kA abhAva hI hai / rAmakathA sambandhI jaina sAhitya : jaina sAhityakAroM ne vipula mAtrA meM rAmakathA sambandhI granthoM kI racanA
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________________ jUna - 2012 kI hai, inameM digambara lekhakoM kI apekSA zvetAmbara lekhaka aura unake grantha adhika rahe haiN| jainoM meM rAmakathA sambandhI pramukha grantha kauna se rahe haiM, isakI sUcI nimnAnusAra hai - bhASA orrm 3 caupanna 9 vor grantha lekhaka kAla paumacariyaM / vimalasUri (zve.)| prAkRta | prAyaH IsA kI dUsarI zatI vasudevahiNDI | saMghadAsagaNi(zve.) prAkRta | IsvIsan 609 padmapurANa raviSeNa (di.) | saMskRta | IsvIsan 678 paumacariu svayambhU (di.) | apabhraMza | prAyaH I.san 8vIM zatI (madhya) zIlAGka (zve.)| prAkRta | I. san 868 / / mahApurisacariyaM uttarapurANa guNabhadra (di.) | saMskRta | I.san prAya 9vIM zatI bRhatkathAkoSa hariSeNa (di.) | saMskRta | I.san 931-932 mahApurANa puSpadanta (di.) | apabhraMza | I. san 965 kahAvalI bhadrezvara (zve.) prAkRta | prAyaH I.san 11vIM zatI triSaSTizalAkA- | hemacandra (zve.) | saMskRta | prAyaH I.san 12vIM zatI puruSacarita 11 yogazAstra-svopajJa | hemacandra (zve.) | saMskRta prAyaH I.san 12vIM zatI vRtti zatruJjayamAhAtmya | dhanezvarasUri(zve.) | saMskRta | prAyaH I.san 14vIM zatI puNyacandrodaya- | kRSNadAsa (di.) saMskRta | I.san 1528 purANa rAmacarita devavijayagaNi(zve.) saMskRta | I.san 1596 15 laghutriSaSTizalAkA- meghavijaya (zve.) saMskRta | I.san kI 17vI zatI puruSacarita inameM ekAdha apavAda ko choDakara zeSa sabhI grantha prAyaH prakAzita hai / inake atirikta bhI rAmakathA sambandhI aneka hastalikhita pratiyoM kA
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________________ 74 anusandhAna-59 ullekha jinaratnakoza meM milatA hai, jinakI saMkhyA 30 se adhika hai / inameM hanumAnacarita, sItAcarita Adi bhI sammilita hai / vistArabhaya se yahAM ina sabakI carcA apekSita nahIM hai| Adhunika yuga meM bhI hindI meM aneka jainAcAryoM ne rAmakathA sambandhI granthoM kI racanA kI hai| inameM sthAnakavAsI jaina saMta zuklacandrajI ma. kI 'zuklajainarAmAyaNa' tathA AcArya tulasI kI 'agniparIkSA' ati prasiddha hai| jainoM meM rAmakathA kI do pramukha dhArAe~ - vaise to avAntara kathAnakoM kI apekSA jaina paramparA meM bhI rAmakathA ke vividha rUpa milate hai / jaina paramparA meM bhI lekhakoM ne prAyaH apanI apanI dRSTi se rAmakathAnaka ko prastuta kiyA hai| phira bhI jainoM meM rAmakathA kI do dhArAe lagabhaga prAya IsA kI 9vIM zatAbdI se dekhI jAtI hai - 1. vimalasUri kI rAmakathA dhArA aura 2. guNabhadra kI rAmakathA dhArA / sampradAyoM kI apekSA-acela yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara vimalasUri kI rAmakathA kI dhArA kA anusaraNa karate rahe, jabaki digambara dhArA meM bhI mAtra kucha AcAryoM ne hI guNabhadra kI dhArA kA anusaraNa kiyA / zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMghadAsagaNi evaM yApanIyo meM ravizeSa, svayambhU evaM hariSeNa bhI mukhyataH vimalasUri ke 'paumacariya' kA hI anusaraNa karate haiM, phira bhI saMghadAsagaNi ke kathAnakoM meM kahIM kahIM vimalasUri se matabheda bhI dekhA jAtA hai / rAmakathA sambandhI prAkRta granthoM meM zIlAGka caupannamahApurisacariyaM meM, haribhadra dhUrtAvyAkhyAna meM aura bhadrezvara kahAvalI meM, saMskRta bhASA meM raviSeNa padmapurANa meM, digambara amitagati dharmaparIkSA meM, hemacandra yogazAstra kI svopajJavRtti meM tathA triSaSTizalAkApurUSacaritra meM, dhanezvara zatruJjayamAhAtmya meM, devavijayagaNi 'rAmacarita' (aprakAzita) aura meghavijayagaNi laghutriSaSTizalAkApurUSacaritra (aprakAzita) meM prAyaH vimalasUri kA anusaraNa karate hai| apabhraMza meM svayambhU 'paumacariu' meM bhI vimalasUri kA hI anusaraNa karate hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki raviSeNa kA 'padmapurANa' (saMskRta) aura svayambhU kA paumacariu (apabhraMza) cAhe bhASA kI apekSA bhinnatA rakhate ho, kintu ye donoM hI vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA saMskRta yA apabhraMza rUpAntaraNa hI lagate hai /
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________________ jUna - 2012 guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa prAyaH alpa hI huA hai / mAtra kRSNa ke saMskRta ke puNyacandrodayapurANa meM tathA apabhraMza ke puSpadanta ke mahApurANa meM isakA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai / vimalasUri kI rAmakathA kA vaiziSTya - vimalasUri ne apanI rAmakathA meM kucha sthitiyoM meM vAlmIki kA anusaraNa kiyA ho, kintu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki unhoMne jaina paramparA meM pUrva se pracalita rAmakathA dhArA ke sAtha samanvaya karate hue hindU dhArA kI rAmakathA ke yukti-yukta karaNa kA prayAsa adhika kiyA hai| sabase ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki vimalasUri ke samakSa vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke sAtha-sAtha samavAyAGga kA vaha mUlapATha bhI rahA hogA jisameM lakSmaNa (nArAyaNa) kI mAtA ko kekaI batAyA gayA thA / lekhaka ke sAmane mUla prazna yaha thA ki Agama kI prAmANikatA ko surakSita rakhate hue, vAlmIki ke sAtha kisa prakAra samanvaya kiyA jAye / yahA~ usane eka anokhI sUjha se kAma liyA, vaha likhatA hai ki lakSmaNa kI mAtA kA pitRgRha kA nAma to kaikeyI thA, kintu vivAha ke pazcAt dazaratha ne usakA nAma parivartana kara use 'sumitrA' nAma diyaa| paumacariyaM meM bharata kI mAtA ko bhI 'kekaI' kahA gayA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se bhinna isa grantha kI racanA kA mukhya uddezya kAvyAnanda kI anubhUti na hokara, kathA ke mAdhyama se dharmopadeza denA hai / grantha ke prArambha meM zreNikacintA nAmaka dUsare uddezaka meM isakA uddezya rAmakathA meM AI asaMgatiyoM tathA kapola-kalpanAoM kA nirAkaraNa batAyA gayA hai| yaha bAta suspaSTa hai ki yaha rAmakathA kA upadezAtmaka jaina saMskaraNa hai aura isaliye isameM yathAsambhava hiMsA, ghRNA, vyabhicAra Adi duSpravRttiyoM ko na ubhAra kara sadpravRttiyoM ko hI ubhArA gayA hai / isameM varNa-vyavasthA para bhI bala nahIM diyA gayA hai / yahA~ zambUka-vadha kA kAraNa zUdra kI tapasyA karanA nahIM hai| candrahAsa khaDga kI siddhi ke liye bAMso ke jhuramuTa meM sAdhanArata zambUka kA lakSmaNa ke dvArA anajAna meM hI mArA jAnA hai / lakSmaNa usa pUjita khaDga ko uThAte haiM aura parIkSA hetu bAMsoM ke jhuramuTa para calA dete haiM, jisase zambUka mArA jAtA hai / isa prakAra jahA~ vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM zambUka vadha kI kathA
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________________ anusandhAna-59 varNa-vidveSa kA khulA udAharaNa hai, vahA~ paumacariyaM kA zambUka vadha anajAna meM huI eka ghaTanA mAtra hai / punaH kavi ne rAma ke caritra ko udAtta banAye rakhane hetu zambUka aura rAvaNa kA vadha rAma ke dvArA na karavAkara lakSmaNa ke dvArA karavAyA hai / bAli ke prakaraNa ko bhI dUsare hI rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / bAli sugrIva ko rAjya dekara saMnyAsa le lete hai / dUsarA koI vidyAdhara sugrIva kA rUpa banAkara usake rAjya evaM antaHpura para kabjA kara letA hai / sugrIva rAma kI sahAyatA kI apekSA karatA hai aura rAma usakI sahAyatA kara usa nakalI sugrIva kA vadha karate hai / yahA~ bhI sugrIva ke kathAnaka meM se bhrAtR-patnI se vivAha kI ghaTanA ko haTAkara usake caritra ko udAtta banAyA gayA hai / isI prakAra kaikeyI bharata hetu rAjya kI mAMga rAma ke prati vidveSa ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu bharata ko vairAgya lene se rokane ke liye karatI hai| rAma bhI pitA kI AjJA se nahIM apitu svecchA se hI vana ko cala dete haiM tAki ve bharata ko rAjya pAne meM bAdhaka na rahe / isI prakAra vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM kaikeyI ke vyaktitva ko bhI U~cA uThAyA gayA hai / vaha na to rAma ke vanavAsa kI mAMga karatI hai aura na unake sthAna para bharata ke rAjyArohaNa kI / vaha anta meM saMnyAsa grahaNa kara mokSagAmI banatI hai| na kevala yahI, apitu sItAharaNa ke prakaraNa meM bhI mRgacarma hetu svarNamRga mArane ke sItA ke Agraha kI ghaTanA ko bhI sthAna na dekara rAma evaM sItA ke caritra ko nirdoSa aura ahiMsAmaya banAyA gayA hai| rAvaNa ke caritra ko udAtta banAne hetu yaha batAyA gayA hai ki usane kisI muni ke samakSa yaha pratijJA le rakhI thI ki maiM kisI parastrI kA, usakI svIkRti ke binA zIla bhaGga nahIM karU~gA / isaliye vaha sItA ko samajhAkara sahamata karane kA prayatna karatA rahatA hai, balaprayoga nahIM karatA hai| paumacariyaMmeM mAMsa-bhakSaNa ke doSa dikhAkara sAmiSa bhojana se jana-mAnasa ko virata karanA bhI jainadharma kI ahiMsA kI mAnyatA ke prasAra kA hI eka prayatna hai / grantha meM vAnaroM evaM rAkSasoM ko vidyAdharavaMza ke mAnava batAyA gayA hai, sAthahI yaha bhI siddha kiyA gayA hai ki ve kalA-kauzala aura takanIka meM sAdhAraNa manuSyoM se bahuta bar3he-car3he the / ve pAdavihArI na hokara vimAnoM meM vicaraNa karate the / isa prakAra isa grantha meM vimalasUri ne apane yuga meM pracalita rAmakathA ko adhika yuktisaMgata
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________________ jUna 2012 aura dhArmika banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / I vimalasUrikI rAmakathAse anya jainAcAryoM kA vaibhinya evaM samarUpatA : vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM ke pazcAt jaina rAmakathA kA eka rUpa saMghadAsa gaNI (chaThThI zatAbdI) kI vasudevahiNDI meM milatA hai / vasudevahiNDI kI rAmakathA kucha kathA - prasaMgo ke sandarbha meM paumacariyaM kI rAmakathA ke bhinna hai aura vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke nikaTa hai / isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM sItA ko rAvaNa aura mandodarI kI putrI batAyA gayA hai, jise eka peTI meM banda kara janaka ke udyAna meM gar3avA diyA gayA thA, jahA~ se hala calAte samaya janaka ko usakI prApti huI thI / isa prakAra yahA~ sItA kI kathA ko tarkasaMgata banAte hue bhI usakA sAmya bhUmi se utpanna hone kI dhAraNA ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne rAmakathA ko kucha bhinna rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai / jabaki adhikAMza zvetAmbara lekhako ne vimalasUri kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / mAtra yahI nahIM, yApanIya paramparA meM padmapurANa ke raciyatA ravisena (7vIM zatAbdI) aura apabhraMza paumacariyaM ke racayitA yApanIya svayambhU (7vIM zatI) ne bhI vimalasUri kA hI pUrI taraha anukaraNa kiyA hai / padmapurANa to paumacariyaM kA hI vikasita saMskRta rUpAntaraNa mAtra hai / yadyapi unhoMne use acela paramparA ke anurUpa DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / 77 AThavIM zatAbdI meM haribhadra ne apane dhUrtAkhyAna meM aura navIM zatAbdI meM zIlAGkAcArya ne apane grantha 'caupannamahApurisacariyaM' meM ati saMkSepa meM rAmakathA ko prastuta kiyA hai / bhadrezvara ( 11vIM zatAbdI) kI kahAvalI meM bhI rAmakathA kA saMkSipta vivaraNa upalabdha haiN| tInoM hI granthakAra kathA vivecana meM vimalasUri kI paramparA kA pAlana karate haiM / ina tInoM ke dvArA prastuta rAmakathA vimalasUri se kisa artha meM bhinna hai yaha batA pAnA inake saMkSipta rUpa ke kAraNa kaThina hai / yadyapi bhadrezvarasUri ne sItA ke dvArA sapatniyoM ke Agraha para rAvaNa ke paira kA citra banAne ke ullekha kiyA / ye tInoM hI racanAe~ prAkRta bhASA meM hai / 12vIM zatAbdI meM hemacandra ne apane grantha yogazAstra kI svopajJavRtti meM tathA triSaSTizalAkApurUSacaritra meM saMskRta bhASA
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________________ anusandhAna- 59 meM rAmakathA ko prastuta kiyA hai / triSaSTizalAkApurUSacaritra meM varNita rAmakathA kA svatantra rUpa se bhI prakAzana ho cukA hai / hemacandra sAmAnyatayA to vimalasUri kI rAmakathAkA hI anusaraNa karateM haiM, kintu unhoMne sItA kA vanavAsa kA kAraNa, sItA ke dvArA rAvaNa kA citra banAnA batAyA hai / yadyapi unhoMne isa prasaMga ke sivA zeSa sAre kathAnaka meM paumacariyaM kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai, phira bhI sautiyADAha ke kAraNa rAma kI anya patniyoM ne sItA se rAvaNa kA citra banavAkara, usake sambandha meM lokApavAda prasArita kiyA, aisA manovaijJAnika AdhAra para prastuta kara diyA hai / isa prasaMga meM hemacandra, bhadrezvarasUri kI kahAvalI kA anusaraNa karate hai aura isa prasaMga meM dhobI ke lokApavAda ko choDa dete hai / caudahavIM zatAbdI meM dhanezvara ne zatruJjayamAhAtmya meM bhI rAmakathA kA vivaraNa diyA hai / yadyapi ina granthoM kI anupalabdhatA ke kAraNa inakA vimalasUri se kitanA sAmya aura vaiSamya hai, yaha batA pAnA mere lie sambhava nahIM hai / paumacariyaM kI bhASA evaM chanda yojanA : 78 sAmAnyatayA 'paumacariyaM' prAkRta bhASA meM racita kAvya grantha hai, phira bhI isakI prAkRta mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, paizAcI aura mahArASTrI prAkRtoM meM kauna sI prAkRta hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / yaha to spaSTa hai ki isakA vartamAna saMskaraNa mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI prAkRta kI apekSA mahArASTrI prAkRta se adhika naikaTya rakhatA hai, phira bhI ise paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta se alaga rakhanA hogA / isa sambandha meM pro. vhI. ema. kulakarNI ne paumacariyaM kI apanI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM ativistAra se evaM pramANo sahita carcA kI hai / usakA sAra itanA hI hai ki paumacariyaM kI bhASA paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta na hokara prAcIna mahArASTrI prAkRta hai / vaha sAmAnya mahArASTrI prAkRta kA anusaraNa na karake jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta kA anusaraNa karatI hai, ata: usakA naikaTya Agamika ardhamAgadhI se bhI dekhA jAtA hai / ve likhate hai ki "Paumachariya, which represents an archaic form of jain maharastri'' paumacariyaM kI bhASA kI prAcInatA isase bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki usameM prAya: gAthA (AryA) chanda kI pramukhatA hai, jo eka prAcIna aura
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________________ jUna 2012 saralatama chanda yojanA hai / gAthA yA AryA chanda kI pramukhatA hote hue bhI paumacariyaM meM skandhaka, indravajrA, upendravajrA, upajAti Adi aneka chandoM ke prayoga bhI milate hai, phira bhI ye gAthA/ AryA chanda kI apekSA ati alpa mAtrA meM prayukta hue hai / merI dRSTi meM isakI bhASA aura chanda yojanA kA naikaTya Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM niryukti sAhitya se adhika hai / isakI bhASA aura chanda yojanA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isakA racanAkAla dUsarI-tIsarI zatI se paravartI nahIM hai / paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla kiyA hai 79 paumacariyaM meM vimalasUri ne isake racanAkAla kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza - paMceva ya vAsasayA dusamAe tIsa varisa saMjuttA / vIre siddhimuvagae tao nibaddhaM imaM cariyaM // arthAt dusamA nAmaka Are ke pA~ca sau tIsa varSa aura vIra kA nirvANa hone para yaha caritra likhA gayA / yadi hama lekhaka ke isa kathana ko prAmANika mAneM to isa grantha kI racanA vikrama saMvat 60 ke lagabhaga mAnanA hogI / mahAvIra kA nirvANa dusamA nAmaka Are ke prArambha hone se lagabhaga 3 varSa aura 9 mAha pUrva ho cukA thA ataH isameM cAra varSa aura jor3anA hoge / matAntara se mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke 410 varSa pUrva bhI mAnA jAtA hai, isa sambandha meM maiMne apane lekha "Date of Mahavira's Nirvana" meM vistAra se carcA kI hai / ata: usa dRSTi se paumacariyaM kI racanA vikrama saMvat 124 arthAt vikrama saMvat kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM huI hogI merI dRSTi meM paumacariyaM kA yahI racanAkAla yukti-saMgata siddha hotA hai / kyoMki aisA mAnane para lekhaka ke svayaM ke kathana se saMgati hone ke sAthasAtha use paravartI kAla kA mAnane ke sambandha meM jo tarka diye gaye hai ve bhI nirasta ho jAte hai / haramana jekobI, svayaM isakI pUrva tithi 2 rI yA 3 rI zatI mAnate hai, unake mata se yaha mata adhika dUra bhI nahIM hai / dUsare vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI pUrva hI zakoM kA Agamana ho cukA thA ata: I
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________________ anusandhAna-59 isameM prayukta lagnoM ke grIka nAma tathA 'dInAra', yavana, zaka Adi zabdoM kI upalabdhi meM bhI koI bAdhA nahI rahatI hai / yavana zabda grIkoM arthAt sikandara Adi kA sUcaka hai jo IsA pUrva bhArata meM A cuke the / zakoM kA Agamana bhI vikrama saMvat ke pUrva ho cukA thA, kAlakAcArya dvArA zakoM ke bhArata lAne kA ullekha vikrama pUrva kA hai / dInAra zabda bhI zakoM ke Agamana ke sAtha hI A gayA hogaa| sAtha hI nAIla kula yA zAkhA bhI isa kAla meM astitva meM A cukI thii| ise maiMne paumacariyaM kI paramparA meM siddha kiyA hai| ataH paumacariyaM ko vikrama kI dvitIya zatI ke pUrvArdha meM racita mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI hai| vimalasUri aura unake paumacariya kA sampradAya - yahA~ kyA vimalasUri va paumacariyaM yApanIya hai ? __isa prazna kA uttara bhI apekSita hai / vimalasUri aura unake grantha paumacariyaM ke sampradAya sambandhI prazna ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| jahA~ zvetAmbara' aura videzI vidvAn paumacariyaM meM upalabdha antaH sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para use zvetAmbara paramparA kA batAte haiM, vahIM paumacariyaM ke zvetAmbara paramparA ke virodha meM jAnevAle kucha tathyoM ko ubhAra kara kucha digambara vidvAna use digambara yA yApanIya siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiM / 3 vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM kI dRSTi se yadyapi kucha tathya digambara paramparA ke pakSa meM jAte haiM, kintu adhikAMza tathya zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM hI jAte haiM / jahA~ hameM sarvaprathama ina tathyoM kI samIkSA kara lenI hogii| pro. vI. ema. kulakarNI ne jina tathyoM kA saMketa prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI se prakAzita 'paumacariyaM' kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai, unhIM ke AdhAra para yahA~ hama yaha carcA prastuta karane jA rahe haiM / 1. paumacariyaM bhAga-1, iNTroDaksana peja 18, phuTanoTa naM. 2 / / 2. vahI, 3. dekheM, padmapurANa (raviSeNa), bhUmikA, DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, pR. 22-23 4. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana (vI.ema. kulakarNI), peja 18-22 /
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________________ jUna - 2012 paumacariya kI digambara paramparA ke nikaTatA sambandhI kucha tarka aura unake uttara : ___ (1) kucha digambara vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sAmAnyatayA kisI grantha kA prArambha- 'jambU svAmI ke pUchane para sudharmA svAmI ne kahA', - isa prakAra se hotA hai, AgamoM ke sAtha-sAtha kathA granthoM meM yaha paddhati milatI hai, isakA udAharaNa saMghadAsagaNi kI vasudeva hiNDI hai| kintu vasudevahiNDI meM jambU ne prabhava ko kahA- aisA bhI ullekha haiM / 5 jabaki digambara paramparA ke kathA granthoM meM sAmAnyatayA zreNika ke pUchane para gautama gaNadhara ne kahA- aisI paddhati upalabdha hotI hai / jahA~ taka paumacariyaM kA prazna hai usameM nizcita hI zreNika ke pUchane para gautama ne rAmakathA kahI aisI hI paddhati upalabdha hotI hai| kintu merI dRSTi meM isa tathya ko paumacariyaM ke digambara paramparA se sambaddha hone kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki paumacariyaM meM strI mukti Adi aise aneka Thosa tathya haiM, jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM hI jAte haiM / yaha sambhava hai ki saMghabheda ke pUrva uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA meM donoM hI prakAra kI paddhatiyA samAna rUpa se pracalita rahI ho aura bAda meM eka paddhati kA anusaraNa zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kiyA ho aura dUsarI kA digambara yA yApanIya AcAryoM ne kiyA ho / yaha tathya vimalasUri kI paramparA ke nirdhAraNa meM bahuta adhika sahAyaka isIlie bhI nahIM hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM, zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM grantha prArambha karane kI aneka zailiyA~ pracalita rahI haiM / digambara paramparA meM vizeSa rUpa se yApanIyoM meM jambU aura prabhava se bhI kathA paramparA ke calane kA ullekha to svayaM padmacaritaM meM hI milatA hai| vahI krama zvetAmbara grantha vasudevahiNDI meM bhI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI kucha aise bhI Agama grantha haiM, jinameM 5. ti tasseva pabhavo kaheyavvo, tappabhavasya ya pabhavasya tti / vasudevahiNDI (saMghadAsagaNi), gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara pR. 21 6. taha indabhUikahiyaM, seNiyaraNNassa nIsesaM / - paumacariyaM 1, 33 7. varddhamAnajinendroktaH so'yamartho gaNezvaraM / indrabhUti pariprAptaH sudharma dhAriNIbhavam / / prabhava kramataH kIrti tatonuttaravAgminaM / likhitaM tasya saprApya saveyetnoyamudgataH / / - padmacarita 1/41-42 parva 123/166 (noMdha : uddharaNa-pATha kAphI azuddha hai -zI.)
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________________ anusandhAna-59 kisI zrAvikA ke pUchane para zrAvaka ne kahA- isase grantha kA prArambha kiyA gayA hai| 'devindatthava' nAmaka prakIrNaka meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM hI usa grantha kA samasta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AcArAGga meM ziSya kI jijJAsA samAdhAna hetu guru ke kathana se hI grantha kA prArambha huA hai| usameM jambU aura sudharmA se saMvAda kA koI saMketa bhI nahIM hai / isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM grantha kA prArambha karane kI koI eka nizcita paddhati nahIM thI / zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, sthAnAGga, samavayAGga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandI, anuyogadvAra, dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa Adi aneka granthoM meM bhI jambU aura sudharmA ke saMvAda vAlI paddhati nahIM pAyI jAtI hai / paddhatiyoM ki ekarUpatA aura vizeSa sampradAya dvArA vizeSa paddhati kA anusaraNa-yaha eka paravartI ghaTanA hai| jabaki paumacariyaM apekSAkRta eka prAcIna racanA hai / ___ (2) digambara vidvAnoM ne paumacariyaM meM mahAvIra ke vivAha ke anullekha (paumacariyaM 2/28-29 evaM 3/57-58) ke AdhAra para use apanI paramparA ke nikaTa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki prathama to paumacariyaM meM mahAvIra kA jIvana-prasaMga ati saMkSipta rUpa se varNita hai ataH mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha na hone se use digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| svayaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke kaI prAcIna grantha aise haiM jinameM mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM hai / paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne sthAnAGga evaM samavAyAGga ke TippaNa meM likhA hai10 ki bhagavatIsUtra ke vivaraNa meM mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vivAha kA anullekha eka abhAvAtmaka pramANa hai, jo akelA nirNAyaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, jaba taka ki anya pramANoM se yaha siddha nahIM ho jAve ki paumacariyaM digambara yA yApanIya grantha hai / 8. deviMdatthao (devendrastava, sampAdaka - pro.sAgaramala jaina, Agama-ahiMsA-samatA prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura) gAthA kramAMka - 3, 7, 11, 13, 14 / 9. suyaM meM AusaM / teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / - AcArAGga (saM. madhukara muni), 1/ 1/1/1 10. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana, pRSTha 19 kA phuTanoTa kra. 1 /
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________________ jUna 2012 83 (3) puna: paumacariyaM meM mahAvIra ke garbha - parivartana kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu merI dRSTi se isakA kAraNa bhI usameM mahAvIra kI kathA ko atyanta saMkSepa meM prastuta karanA hai / punaH yahA~ bhI kisI abhAvAtmaka tathya ke AdhAra para hI koI niSkarSa nikAlane kA prayatna hogA, jo ki tArkika dRSTi se samucita nahIM hai / (4) paumacariyaM meM pA~ca sthAvarakAyoM" ke ullekha ke AdhAra para bhI use digambara paramparA ke nikaTa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / kintu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki sthAvaroM kI saMkhyA tIna mAnI gaI hai athavA pA~ca, isa AdhAra para grantha ke zvetAmbara yA digambara paramparA kA hone kA nirNaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai / kyoMki digambara paramparA meM jahA~ kundakunda ne paMcAstikAya (111) meM tIna sthAvaroM kI carcA kI haiM, vahIM anya AcAryo ne pA~ca kI carcA kI hai / isI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana Adi prAcIna granthoM meM bhI, tIna sthAvaroM kI tathA pA~ca sthAvaroM kI - donoM mAnyatAe~ upalabdha hotI hai / ata: ye tathya vimalasUri aura unake grantha kI paramparA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra nahIM bana sakate / isa tathya kI vizeSa carcA hamane tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke prasaMga meM kI hai, sAtha hI eka svatantra lekha bhI zramaNa apraila-jUna 93 meM prakAzita kiyA hai, pAThaka ise vahA~ dekheM / (5) kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki paumacariyaM meM 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA pAyI jAtI haiM / 12 digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya grantha tiloyapaNNattI meM bhI 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA kA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai13 ata: yaha grantha digambara paramparA kA honA cAhie / kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM antima kulakara ke rUpa meM RSabha kA ullekha hai / RSabha ke pUrva nAbhirAya taka 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA to donoM paramparAoM meM samAna hai / ata: yaha antara grantha ke sampradAya ke nirdhAraNa meM mahattvapUrNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / punaH jo kulakaroM ke nAma paumacariyaM 11. paumacariyaM, 2/65 evaM 2/63 | 12. paumacariyaM, 3/55-56 13. tiloyapaNNatti, mahAdhikAra gAthA - 421 ( jovarAja granthamAlA zolApura) /
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________________ anusandhAna-59 meM diye gaye hai unakA jambUdvIpaprajJapti aura tiloyapaNNatti donoM se hI kucha antara hai| (6) paumacariyaM ke 14veM adhikAra kI gAthA 115 meM samAdhimaraNa ko cAra zikSAvratoM ke antargata parigaNita kiyA gayA hai,14 kintu zvetAmbara Agama upAsakadazA meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha zikSAvratoM ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai / jabaki digambara paramparA ke kundakunda Adi kucha AcArya samAdhimaraNa ko 12veM zikSAvrata ke rUpa meM aGgIkRta karate haiM / 15 ataH paumacariyaM digambara paramparA se sambandha honA cAhie / isa sandarbha meM merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki guNavratoM evaM zikSAvratoM meM ekarUpatA kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai / 16 digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha kA anusaraNa karane vAle digambara AcArya bhI samAdhimaraNa ko zikSAvratoM meM parigrahIta nahIM karate haiM / jabaki kundakunda ne use zikSAvratoM meM parigrahIta kiyA hai / jaba digambara paramparA hI 14. jambUdvIpaprajJapti, yakSaskAra 2 / 15. paMca ya aNuvvayAiM tiNNeva guNavvayAiM bhaNiyAiM / sikkhAvayANi etto cattAri jiNovaiTThANi / thUlayaraM pANivahaM mUsAvAyaM adattadANaM ca / parajuvaINa nivittI saMtosadayaM ca paMcamayaM / / disividisANa ya niyamo aNatthadaMDassa vajjaNaM ceva / uvabhogaparImANaM tiNNeva guNavvayA ee // sAmAiyaM ca uvavAsa-posaho atihisaMvibhAgo ya / aMte samAhimaraNaM sikkhAsuvayAi cattAri // - paumacariyaM 14/112-115 16. paMcevaNuvvayAiM guNavvayAiM havaMti taha tiNNi / sikkhAvaya cattAri ya saMjamacaraNaM ca sAyAraM // thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / parihAro paramahilA pariggahAraMbha parimANaM // disavidisamANapaDhamaM aNatthadaNDasya vajjaNaM vidiyaM / bhogopabhogaparimANa iyameva guNavvayA tiNNi // sAmAiyaM ca paDhamaM bidiyaM ca taheva posahaM bhaNiyaM / taiyaM ca atihipujjaM cauttha sallehaNA aMte // - cArittapAhuDa 22-26 jJAtavya hai ki jaTAsiMha nandI ne bhI varADagacarita sarga 22 meM vimalasUri kA anusaraNa kiyA hai|
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________________ jUna - 2012 85 isa prazna para ekamata nahIM hai to phira isa AdhAra para paumacariyaM kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? / sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva nirgrantha paramparA meM vibhinna dhAraNAoM kI upasthiti eka sAmAnya bAta thI / ataH isa grantha ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karane meM vratoM ke nAma evaM krama sambandhI matabheda sahAyaka nahIM ho sakate / __ (7) paumacariyaM meM anudik kA ullekha huA hai / 17 zvetAmbara AgamoM meM anudik kA ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki digambara grantha (yApanIya grantha) SaTkhaNDAgama evaM tiloyapaNNattI meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / 18 kintu merI dRSTi meM prathama to yaha bhI paumacariyaM ke sampradAya nirNaya ke lie mahattvapUrNa sAkSya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki anudik kI avadhAraNA se zvetAmbaroM kA bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| dUsare jaba anudik zabda svayaM AcArAGga meM upalabdha hai19 to phira hamAre digambara vidvAn yaha kaise kaha dete haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM anudik kI avadhAraNA nahIM hai ? (8) paumacariyaM meM dIkSA ke avasara para RSabha dvArA vastroM ke tyAga kA ullekha milatA hai / 20 isI prakAra bharata dvArA bhI dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya vastroM ke tyAga kA ullekha hai / 21 kintu yaha donoM sandarbha bhI paumacariyaM ke digambara yA yApanIya hone ke pramANa nahIM kahe jA sakate / kyoMki zvetAmbara mAnya granthoM meM bhI dIkSA ke avasara para vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kA ullekha to milatA hI hai / 22 yaha bhinna bAta hai ki zvetAmbara granthoM meM usa vastra tyAga 17. dekhie jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (lekhaka DA. sAgaramala jaina) bhAga-2, pR. saM. 274 18. paumacariyaM, 102/145 19. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana, pRSTha 19, padmapurANa, bhUmikA (paM. pannAlAla), pR. 30 20. jo imAo (disAo) aNudisAo vA aNusaMcarai, savvAo disAo aNudisAo, so'haM / AcArAGga 1/1/1/1, zIlAGkaTIkA, pR. 19 / (jJAtavya hai ki mUla paumacariyaM me kevala 'anudisAi', zabda hai jo ki AcArAGga meM usI rUpa meM hai / usase nau anudizAoM kI kalpanA dikhAkara use zvetAmbara AgamoM meM anupasthita kahanA ucita nahIM hai|) 21. dekhie, paumacariyaM 3/135-36 22. paumacariyaM, 83/5
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________________ anusandhAna-59 ke bAda kahIM devadUSya kA grahaNa bhI dikhAyA jAtA hai / 23 RSabha, bharata, mahAvIra Adi acelakatA to svayaM zvetAmbaroM ko bhI mAnya hai / ataH paM. paramAnanda zAstrI kA yaha tarka grantha ke digambaratva kA pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / 24 (9) paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ke anusAra paumacariyaM meM narakoM ki saMkhyA kA jo ullekha milatA hai vaha AcArya pUjyapAda ke sarvArthasiddhimAnya tattvArtha ke pATha ke nikaTa hai, jabaki zvetAmbara bhASya-mAnya tattvArtha ke mUlapATha meM yaha ullekha nahIM hai| kintu tattvArthabhASya evaM anya zvetAmbara AgamoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hone se ise bhI nirNAyaka tathya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra nadiyoM ke vivaraNa kA tathA bharata aura airAvata kSetroM meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla ke vibhAga Adi tathyoM ko bhI grantha ke digambaratva ke pramANa hetu prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu ye sabhI tathya zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI ullekhita hai / 25 ataH ye tathya grantha ke digambaratva yA zvetAmbaratva ke nirNAyaka nahIM kahe jA sakate / mUla paramparA ke eka hone se aneka bAtoM meM ekarUpatA kA honA to svAbhAvika hI hai / punaH SaTakhaNDAgama, tiloyapaNNattI, tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi Adi digambara TIkAyeM paumacariyaM se paravartI hai ata: unameM vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA anusaraNa dekhA jAnA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai kintu inake AdhAra para paumacariyaM kI paramparA ko nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| pUrvavartI granthoM ke AdhAra para pUrvavartI grantha kI paramparA ko nizcita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai / punaH paumacariyaM meM tIrthakara mAtA ke 14 svapna, tIrthakara nAmakarmabandha ke bIsa kAraNa, cakravartI kI rAniyoM ko 64000 saMkhyA, mahAvIra ke dvArA merukampana, strImukti kA spaSTa ullekha Adi aneka aise tathya hai jo strI mukti niSedhaka digambara paramparA ke vipakSa meM jAte haiM / vimalasUri ke sampUrNa grantha meM digambara zabda kA anullekha aura siyambara zabda kA ekAdhika bAra ullekha hone se 23. mukkaM vAsojuyalaM....... | - caupannamahApurisacariyaM, pR. 273 24. egaM devadUsamAdAya...... pavvaie / - kalpasUtra 114 25. paumacariyaM bhAga-1 (iNTroDaksana peja 19, phuTanoTa 5)
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________________ jUna - 2012 87 use kisI bhI sthiti meM digambara paramparA kA grantha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyA paumacariyaM zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha hai| AyeM aba isI prazna para zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ke mantavya para bhI vicAra kareM aura dekheM ki kyA vaha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha ho sakatA hai ? paumacariyaM ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke nimnalikhita pramANa prastuta kiye jAte haiM - (1) vimalasUri ne likhA hai ki 'jina' ke mukhya se nirgata artharUpa vacanoM ko gaNadharoM ne dhAraNa karake unheM grantharUpa diyA-isa tathya ko muni kalyANavijaya jI ne zvetAmbara paramparA sammata batAyA hai / kyoMki zve. paramparA kI niyukti meM isakA ullekha milatA hai / 26 (2) paumacariyaM (2/26) meM mahAvIra ke dvArA a~gUThe se meruparvata ko kampita karane kI ghaTanA kA bhI ullekha huA hai, yaha avadhAraNA bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM bahuta pracalita hai / / (3) paumacariyaM (2/36-37) meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki mahAvIra kevalajJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt bhavya jIvoM ko upadeza dete hue vipulAcala parvata para Aye, jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne 66 dinoM taka mauna rakhakara vipulAcala parvata para apanA prathama upadeza diyA / DA. hIrAlAla jaina evaM DA. upAdhye ne bhI isa kathana ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM mAnA hai / 27 (4) paumacariyaM (2/33) meM mahAvIra kA eka atizaya yaha mAnA gayA hai ki ve devoM ke dvArA nirmita kamaloM para paira rakhate hue yAtrA karate the| yadyapi kucha vidvAnoM ne ise zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM pramANa mAnA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha koI mahattvapUrNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 26. 'jiNavaramuhAo attho so gaNaherahi dhariuM / Avazyaka niyukti 1/10 27. dekhe -- padmapurANa (AcArya raviSeNa), prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, sampAdakIya, pR. 7
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________________ 88 anusandhAna-59 yApanIya AcArya hariSeNa evaM svayambhU Adi ne bhI isa atizaya kA ullekha kiyA hai| (5) paumacariyaM (2 / 82) meM tIrthaGkara nAmakarma prakRti ke bandha ke bIsa kAraNa mAne hai / yaha mAnyatA Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtAdharmakathA ke samAna hI hai / digambara evaM yApanIya donoM hI paramparAoM meM isake 16 hI kAraNa mAne jAte hai / ataH isa ullekha ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM eka sAkSya kahA jA sakatA hai / (6) paumacariyaM meM marudevI aura padmAvatI - ina tIrthaGkara mAtAoM ke dvArA 14 svapna dekhane kA ullekha hai / 28 yApanIya evaM digambara paramparA 16 svapna mAnatI hai / isI prakAra ise bhI grantha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sambandha meM prabala sAkSya mAnA jA sakatA hai / paM. nAthUrAma jI premI ne yahA~ svapnoM kI saMkhyA 15 batAyI hai / 29 bhavana aura vimAna ko unhoMne do alaga-alaga svapna mAnA hai / kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM aise ullekha milate hai ki jo tIrthaGkara naraka se Ate hai, unakI mAtAe~ bhavana aura jo tIrthaGkara devaloka se Ate hai unakI mAtAe~ vimAna dekhatI hai| yaha eka vaikalpika vyavasthA hai ataH saMkhyA caudaha hI hogI / (Avazyaka haribhadrIya vRtti pR. 108) / smaraNa rahe ki yApanIya raviSeNa ne paumacariyaM ke dhvaja ke sthAna para mInayugala ko mAnA hai| jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta 'jhaya' ke saMskRta rUpa 'dhvaja' tathA jhaSa (mIna-yugala) donoM sambhava hai| sAtha hI sAgara ke bAda unhoMne siMhAsana kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vimAna tathA bhavana ko alagaalaga svapna mAnA haiM yahA yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki svapna sambandhI paumacariyaM kI yaha gAthA zvetAmbara mAnya 'nAyAdhammakahA' se bilkula 28. paumacariyaM, 3/62, 21/13 / (yahA~ marudevI ora padmAvatI ke svapnoM meM samAnatA hai, mAtra marudevI ke sandarbha meM 'varasiridAma' zabda AyA hai, jabaki padmAvatI ke svapnoM meM 'abhisekadAsa' zabda AyA hai - kintu donoM kA artha lakSmI hI hai / ) 29. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (nAthUrAma premI), pR. 99
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________________ jUna - 2012 samAna hai / 30 ataH yaha avadhAraNA bhI grantha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sambandha meM prabala sAkSya hai| (7) paumacariyaM meM bharata aura sagara cakravartI kI 64 hajAra rAniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai31, jabaki digambara paramparA meM cakravartIyoM kI rAniyoM kI saMkhyA 96 hajAra batAyI hai / 32 ataH yaha sAkSya bhI digambara aura yApanIya paramparA ke viruddha hai aura mAtra zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM jAtA hai| (8) ajita aura munisuvrata ke vairAgya ke kAraNoM ko tathA unake saMghastha sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara paumacariyaM aura tiloyapaNNatti meM mata vaibhinya hai / 33 kintu aisA matavaibhinya eka hI paramparA meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ataH ise grantha ke zvetAmbara hone kA sabala sAkSya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| (9) paumacariyaM aura tiloyapaNNatti meM baladevoM ke nAma evaM krama ko lekara matabheda dekhA jAtA hai, jabaki paumacariyaM meM diye gaye nAma evaM krama zvetAmbara paramparA meM yathAvat milate haiM / 34 ataH ise bhI grantha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke pakSa meM eka sAkSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki paumacariyaM meM bhI rAma ko baladeva hI kahA gayA hai / (10) paumacariyaM meM 12 devalokoM kA ullekha hai jo ki zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnurUpa hai / 35 jabaki yApanIya raviSeNa aura digambara paramparA ke anya AcArya devalokoM kI saMkhyA 16 mAnate hai ataH ise bhI grantha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone kA pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai / 30. NAyadhammakahA (madhukara muni) prathama zrutaskathaM, adhyAya 8, 26 / 31. paumacariyaM 4/58, 5/98 32. padmapurANa (raviSeNa), 4/66, 247 / 33. dekheM paumacariyaM 21/22, paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana peja 22 phuTanoTa- 3 / tulanIya-tiloyapaNNattI, 4/608 34. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana peja 21 / 35. paumacariyaM, 65/35-36 aura 102/42-54
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________________ anusandhAna-59 (11) paumacariyaM meM samyakdarzana ko paribhASita karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo nava padArthoM ko jAnatA hai vaha samyagdRSTi hai36 / paumacariyaM meM kahIM bhI 7 tattvoM kA ullekha nahIM huA hai / paM. phUlacandajI ke anusAra yaha sAkSya grantha ke zvetAmbara hone ke pakSa meM jAtA hai / kintu merI dRSTi meM nava padArthoM kA ullekha digambara paramparA meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai ataH ise grantha ke zvetAmbara hone kA mahattvapUrNa sAkSya to nahIM kahA jA sakatA / donoM hI paramparA meM prAcIna kAla meM nava padArtha hI mAne jAte the, kintu tattvArthasUtra ke pazcAt donoM meM sAta tattvoM kI mAnyatA bhI praviSTa ho gaI / cUMki zvetAmbara prAcIna stara ke AgamoM kA anusaraNa karate the, ataH unameM 9 tattvoM kI mAnyatA kI pradhAnatA banI rahI / jabaki digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa sAta tattvoM kI pradhAnatA sthApita ho gaI / (12) paumacariyaM meM usake zvetAmbara hone ke sandarbha meM jo sabase mahattvapUrNa sAkSya upalabdha hai vaha yaha ki usameM kaikayI ko mokSa kI prApti batAI gaI hai38 / isa prakAra paumacariyaM strI mukti kA samarthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / yaha tathya digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai / kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yApanIya bhI strImukti to svIkAra karate the, ataH yaha dRSTi se yaha grantha zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM se sambaddha yA unakA pUrvaja mAnA jA sakatA hai / (13) isI prakAra paumacariyaM meM muni ko AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM dharmalAbha kahate hue dikhAyA gayA hai,39 jabaki digambara paramparA meM muni AzIrvacana ke rUpa meM dharmavRddhi kahatA haiM / kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dharmalAbha kahane kI paramparA na kevala zvetAmbara hai, apitu yApanIya bhI hai / yApanIya muni bhI zvetAmbara muniyoM ke samAna dharmalAbha hI kahate 36. paumacariyaM, 102/181 / 37. anekAnta varSa 5, kiraNa 1-2 tattvArtha sUtra kA antaH parIkSaNa, paM. phUlacandajI pR. 51 / 38. siddhipayaM uttamaM pattA-paumacariyaM 86/12 / 39. dekheM, paumacariyaM iNTroDaksana peja 21 /
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________________ jUna - 2012 the / 40 grantha ke zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke ina antaHsAkSyoM ke parIkSaNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki grantha ke antaHsAkSya mukhya rUpa se usake zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke pakSa meM adhika haiM / vizeSa rUpa se strI-mukti kA ullekha yaha siddha kara detA hai ki yaha grantha strI-mukti niSedhaka digambara paramparA se sambaddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| (14) vimalasUri ne paumacariyaM ke anta meM apane ko nAila (nAgendra) vaMzanandIkara AcArya rAhU kA praziSya aura AcArya vijaya kA ziSya batAyA hai / 41 sAtha hI paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla vI.ni.saM. 530 kahA hai / 42 ye donoM tathya bhI vimalasUri evaM unake grantha ke sampradAya nirdhAraNa hetu mahattvapUrNa AdhAra mAne jA sakate haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM nAgendra kula kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai, jabaki zvetAmbara mAnya kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM Aryavajra ke praziSya evaM vrajasena ke ziSya Arya nAga se nAila yA nAgila zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai / 43 zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra bhI vajrasena ke ziSya Arya nAga ne nAila zAkhA prArambha kI thI / vimalasUri isI nAgila zAkhA meM hue haiM / nandIsUtra meM AcArya bhUtadinna ko bhI nAilakulavaMzanaMdIkara kahA gayA hai / 44 yahI biruda vimalasUri ne apane guruoM Arya rAhU evaM Arya vijaya ko bhI diyA hai / ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki vimalasUri uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA se sambandhita hai aura unakA yaha 'nAila kula' zvetAmbaroM meM bArahavIM zatAbdI taka calatA rahA hai / cAhe unheM Aja ke artha meM zvetAmbara na kahA jAye, kintu ve 40. gopyA yApanIyA / gopyAstu vandyamAnA dharmalAbhaM bhaNanti |-ssdddrshnsmuccy TIkA 4/1 / 41. paumacariyaM, 118/117 / 42. vahI, 118/103 / 43. 'therehito NaM ajjavairaseNiehito ettha NaM ajjanAilI sAhA niggayA' -kalpasUtra 221, pR. 306 44. nAilakula-vaMsanaMdikare.....bhUyadinnamAyarie / - nandIsUtra 44-45
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________________ 92 anusandhAna-59 zvetAmbaroM ke agraja avazya hai, isameM kisI prakAra ke matabheda kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| paumacariyaM jainoM ke sampradAya-bheda se pUrva kA haiM - paumacariyaM ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karane hetu yahA~ do samasyAe~ vicAraNIya haiM - prathama to yaha ki yadi paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla vIra ni.saM. 530 hai, jise aneka AdhAroM para ayathArtha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, to ve uttarabhArata ke sampradAya-vibhAjana ke pUrva ke AcArya siddha hoge / yadi hama mahAvIra kA nirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnate haiM to isa grantha kA racanAkAla I. san 64 aura vi.saM. 123 AtA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM paumacariyaM vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kI racanA hai| kintu vicAraNIya yaha hai ki kyA vIra ni.saM. 530 meM nAgilakula astitva meM A cukA thA ? yadi hama kalpasUtra paTTAvalI kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to Arya vajra ke ziSya Arya vajrasena aura unake ziSya Arya nAga mahAvIra kI pATa paramparA ke kramazaH 13veM, 14veM evaM 15veM sthAna para Ate haiM 45 / yadi AcAryoM kA sAmAnya kAla 30 varSa mAneM to Arya vajrasena aura Arya nAga kA kAla vIra ni. ke 420 varSa pazcAt AtA hai, isa dRSTi se vIra ni. ke 530veM varSa meM nAilakala kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai / yadyapi paTTAvalioM meM vajrasvAmI ke samaya kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai kintu nihnavoM ke sambandha meM jo kathAyeM haiM, usameM AryarakSita ko Arya bhadra aura vajra svAmI kA samakAlIna batAyA gayA hai aura isa dRSTi se vajrasvAmI kA samaya vIra ni. 583 mAna liyA gayA hai, kintu yaha dhAraNA bhrAntipUrNa hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa uhApoha karake kalyANavijayajI ne Arya vajrasena kI dIkSA vIra ni.saM. 486 meM nizcita kI hai / yadi ise hama sahI mAna le to vIra ni.saM. 530 meM nAila kula kA astitva mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / punaH yadi koI AcArya dIrghajIvI ho to apanI ziSya paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA vaha cAra-pA~ca pIr3hiyA~ to dekha hI letA hai / vajrasena ke ziSya Arya nAga, jinake nAma para nAgendra kula hI sthApanA huI, apane dAdA guru Arya vajra ke jIvanakAla meM jIvita 45. paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha (kalyANavijayajI), pR.27 evaM 138-139
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________________ jUna 2012 ho sakate haiM | puna: Arya vajra kA svargavAsa vI. ni.saM. 584 meM huA aisA anya srotoM se pramANita nahIM hotA hai / merI dRSTi meM to yaha bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai / yaha bhrAnti isaliye pracalita ho gaI ki nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI meM Arya vajra ke pazcAt sIdhe AryarakSita kA ullekha huA / isI AdhAra para unheM Arya vajra kA sIdhA ziSya mAnakara vajrasena ko unakA guru bhrAtA mAna liyA gayA aura AryarakSita ke kAla ke AdhAra para unake kAla kA nirdhAraNa kara liyA gayA / kintu nandIsUtra meM AcAryoM ke krama meM bIca-bIca meM antarAla rahe haiM / ata: AcArya vimalasUri kA kAla vIra nirvANa saM. 530 arthAt vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM jAtI hai / yadi hama paumacariyaM ke racanAkAla vIra ni.saM. 530 ko svIkAra karate haiM, to yaha spaSTa hai ki usa kAla taka uttarabhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vibhinna kula zAkhAoM kI upasthiti aura unameM kucha mAnyatAbheda yA vAcanAbheda to thA phira bhI spaSTa saMghabheda nahIM huA thA / donoM paramparAe~ isa saMghabheda ko vIra nirvANa saM. 606 yA 609 meM mAnatI hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki apane kAla kI dRSTi se bhI vimalasUri saMghabheda ke pUrva ke AcArya hai aura isalie unheM kisI saMpradAyavizeSa se jor3anA sambhava nahIM hai / hama sirpha yahI kaha sakate haiM ve uttara bhArata ke usa zramaNa saMgha meM hue haiM, jisameM se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM dhArAe~ nikalI haiM / ataH ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrvaja hai aura donoM ne unakA anusaraNa kiyA hai / yadyapi dakSiNa bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA ke prabhAva se yApanIyoM ne unakI kucha mAnyatAoM ko apane anusAra saMzodhita kara liyA thA, kintu strImukti Adi to unheM bhI mAnya rahI hai / I 93 paumacariyaM meM strImukti Adi kI jo avadhAraNA hai vaha bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve ina donoM paramparAoM ke pUrvaja haiM, kyoMki donoM hI paramparAyeM strImukti ko svIkAra karatI hai / yadi kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke sabhI gaNa, kula, zAkhAyeM zvetAmbara dvArA mAnya hai, to vimalasUri ko zvetAmbaroM kA pUrvaja mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / punaH yaha bhI satya hai ki sabhI zvetAmbara AcArya unheM apanI paramparA kA mAnate rahe haiM / jabaki yApanIya I
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________________ 94 anusandhAna-59 raviSeNa aura svayambhU ne unake granthoM kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI unake nAma kA smaraNa taka nahIM kiyA hai, isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve unheM apane se bhinna paramparA kA mAnate the / kintu yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ve usI yuga meM hue haiM jaba zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara kA spaSTa bheda sAmane nahIM AyA thA / yadyapi kucha vidvAna unake grantha meM muni ke lie 'siyaMbara' zabda ke ekAdhika prayoga dekhakara unakI zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha karanA cAheMge, kintu isa sambandha meM kucha sAvadhAniyoM kI apekSA hai / vimalasUri ke ina do-cAra prayogoM ko choDakara hameM prAcIna stara ke sAhitya meM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara yA digambara zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vidvAnoM ne bhI vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM upalabdha zvetAmbara (siyaMbara) zabda ke prayoga ko sampradAya sUcana na mAnakara usa yuga ke sarvatra muni kA sUcaka mAnA hai / ho sakatA hai ki paravartI zvetAmbara AcAryoM yA pratilipi kartAoM ne yaha zabda badalA ho, yadyapi aisI sambhAvanA kama hai| kyoMki sItA sAdhvI ke liye bhI siyaMbara zabda kA prayoga unhoMne svayaM kiyA hogA / mujhe aisA lagatA hai vimalasUri ke IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatI ke aMkana bhI isakI puSTi karate haiM / jisa prakAra sarvatra sAdhvI sItA ko vimalasUri ne siyaMbarA kahA usI prakAra savastra muni ko bhI siyaMbara kahA hogA / unakA yaha prayoga nirgrantha muniyoM dvArA vastra rakhane kI pravRtti kA sUcaka hai, na ki zvetAmbara digambara saMghabheda kA / vimalasUri nizcita hI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya - donoM ke pUrvaja hai / zvetAmbara unheM apane sampradAya kA kevala isIliye mAnate haiM ki ve unakI pUrva paramparA se jur3e hue haiN| zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne mahAvIra jayantI smArikA jayapura varSa 1977 I. pRSTha 257 para isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki vimalasUri aura paumacariyaM yApanIya nahIM hai / ve likhatI haiM ki 'nizcita vimalasUri eka zvetAmbarAcArya hai / unakA nAilavaMza, svayambhU dvArA unakA smaraNa na kiyA jAnA tathA unake (grantha meM) zvetAmbara sAdhu kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha - unake yApanIya na hone ke pratyakSa pramANa hai|' vimalasUri aura unake grantha paumacariyaM ko yApanIya mAnane meM sabase
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________________ jUna - 2012 95 bar3I bAdhA yaha bhI hai ki unakI kRti mahArASTrI prAkRta ko apane grantha kI bhASA nahIM banAyA hai| yApanIyoM ne sadaiva hI ardhamAgadhI se prabhAvita zaurasenI prAkRta ko hI apanI bhASA mAnA hai / ataH AdaraNIya paM. nAthurAmajI premI ne usake yApanIya hone ke sambandha meM jo sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai, vaha samucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai / yaha ThIka hai ki unakI mAnyatAoM kI zvetAmbaroM evaM yApanIyoM donoM se samAnatA hai, kintu isakA kAraNa unakA ina donoM paramparAoM kA pUrvaja honA hai - zvetAmbara yA yApanIya honA nahIM / kAlakI dRSTi se bhI ve ina donoM ke pUrvaja hI siddha hote hai / punaH yApanIya AcArya raviSeNa aura apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayambhU dvArA unakI kRti kA pUrNataH anusaraNa karane para bhI unake nAma kA ullekha nahIM karanA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnate the / ataH siddha yahI hotA hai ki vimalasUri zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparA ke pUrvaja hai / zvetAmbaroM ne sadaiva apane pUrvaja AcAryoM ko apanI paramparA kA mAnA hai / vimalasUri ke digambara hone kA to prazna hI nahIM uThatA / yApanIyoM ne unakA anusaraNa karate hue bhI unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnA, anyathA raviSeNa aura svayambhU kahIM na kahIM unakA nAma nirdeza avazya krte| punaH yApanIyoM kI zaurasenI prAkRta ko na apanAkara apanA kAvya mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhanA yahI siddha karatA hai ki yApanIya nahIM hai| ataH vimalasUri kI paramparA ke sambandha meM do hI vikalpa hai| yadi hama unake grantha kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa samvat 530 mAnate haiM to hameM unheM zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kA pUrvaja mAnanA hogA / kyoMki zvetAmbara digambaroM kI utpatti vIra nirvANa ke 606 varSa bAda aura digambara zvetAmbarI kI utpatti vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda hI mAnate hai / yadi hama isa kAla ko vIra nirvANa samvat mAnate hai, ve zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja siddha hoge aura yadi ise vikrama saMvat mAnate hai to jaisA ki kucha vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai, to unheM zvetAmbara AcArya mAnanA hogA / C/o. prAcyavidyApITha zAjApura (ma.pra.)