Pathik 2000 Vol 40 Ank 10 11 12

Author(s): K K Shastri and Other
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535480/1

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pathika (itihAsa-purAtattvanuM eka mAtra gujarAtI saimAsika) Adya taMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa - taMtrImaMDaLa DaoN. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa varSa : 40 aMka: 10-11-12 vi.saM.2056 sana 2000 : julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara pathika kAryAlaya, C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa smAraka TrasTa TrasTI-maMDaLa DaoN. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, DA. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa pathika sUcanA pathika dara trIjA aMgrejI mahinAnI 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thaze. pachInA 15 divasamAM eka na maLe to sthAnika posTa oNphisamAM lekhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. varSa : 40 aMka : 10-11-12 vi.saM.2056 sana 2000H julAI-ogasTa-sapTe. pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA anukrama saMpAdakIya saMkhArInA zrInIlakaMThamahAdeva maMdiranuM anuguptakAlIna sevya ekamukhaliMga raNI pidmanInI samasyA gujarAtano vAgaDa sAthe saMbaMdha lAladAsakRta vItaka zAhajAdA darazikohanI vyathA-kathA samAjasudhAraka ane svAtaMtrya senAnI lakSmIdAsa grejI terasI munIndra veNIzaMkara jozI DaoN. IzvaralAla ojhA prA.DaoN. ela. DI. jozI 11 premAbhAI vaNakara 'vinIta' 3 prA. pradyumna bI. khAcara 95 saradAra paTela ane bhAratIya muslima-2 somanAtha maMdiranuM punaHnirmANa ane saradAra paTela keTalIka kahevatomAM itihAsadarzana gujarAtano eka navatara satyAgraha : malAva jaMgala satyAgraha DaoN. jayakumAra ra. zukla DaoN. maba desAI prA. praphullA je. rAvala prA,DaoN, dharmeza sI. paMDyA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama rUA. 50 AjIvana sabhyapada rUA. 401 che. che. 1 3 2 1 24 28 91 sainaka sonI 37 For Private and Personal Use Only ane jJAnanuM sAmayika che. jIvanane UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone svIkAravAmAM Ave che. prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. kRti sArA akSare zAhIthI ane kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI hovI joie. kRtimAM koi anya bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkayAM hoya to ano gujarAtI tarajUmAM Apavo jarUrI che. kRtimAMnA vicAronI javAbadArI lekhakanI raheze. r pathikamAM prasiddha thatI kRtionA vicAro abhiprAya sAthe taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajavuM. asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata parata karAze. ma. o. DrAphTa-patro mATe lUkho pathika kAryAlaya (0. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, 24451916-320000 pacika kAryAlaya vatI mudraka prakAzaka : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, C!. mo. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNlejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-mudraNasyA : kriSnA grAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 * phonaH 7494393. dl. 14-3-2000

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saMpAdakIya Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pathika mitro, prativarSa 'pathika' dIpAvalI parva prasaMge vizeSAMka prasiddha kare che e bAbate Apa sau suvidita cho. A navA varSano traimAsika vizeSAMka purAtattva khAtu, gujarAta rAjyanA Arthika sahayogathI Disembara mAsamAM prasiddha thaze. jemAM purAtattva viSayaka navA saMzodhano, sthApatya ane zilpa, sikkA-abhilekha, citra, dharma, tattvajJAna tathA itihAsa viSayaka navA saMzodhano vagere abhyAsapUrNa aMgrejI, hindI ane gujarAtI bhASAnA lekhono samAveza karavAmAM Avaze. purAtattvavido, saMzodhako tathA sahu lekhaka mitrone banatI tvarAe pathika kAryAlaya khAte eka mAsamAM lekho mokalI ApavA namra vinaMtI. pathika parivAra vatI sahu sujJa vAcaka mitrone dIpAvalI parvanI zubhakAmanAo sAthe nUtana varSAbhinaMdana. DaoN. bhAratI zelata prA. subhASa brahmabhaTTa taMtrI tA.ka. : pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama rUA. 50 che. navA varSanuM lavAjama satvare mokalI ApavA vinaMtI. pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMkhArInA zrInIlakaMThamahAdeva maMdiranuM anuguptakAlIna sevya ekamukhaliMga munIndra veNIzaMkara jozI bhagavAna zivanI arcA be prakAre pratimA ane liMga svarUpe-karavAmAM Ave che liMgapUjAno pracAra vedakALe anAryomAM pracali hato, paraMtu tyArabAda te prathA Aryoe pa apanAvI. liMgapUjAnI zarUAta kyArathI tha te mATe sIdhA aitihAsika pramANo maLa nathI. RgvedamAM liMgane ziznadeva tarI saMbodheluM che. prakAranI dRSTie zivaliMgana mukhyatve be prakAra cala ane acala che. uparAMta dravyabhedathI tenA paNa peTAprakAronAM varNana zilpagraMthomAM maLe che. je paikI mAnuSaliMgana peTA prakAromAM mukhaliMgano samAveza thAya che. mAnuSarliMganA rudra bhAgamAM zivanuM mukh kaMDAravAthI mukhaliMga bane che. AvA ekartha pAMca mukha kaMDArI zakAya che. vadhumAM te darekana nAma, varNa, svarUpa vagerenA varNano taittirIya AraNyaka (10.43.47), liMgapurANa (2.14.6.10), viSNudharmottara, agnipurANa (304.25), kAraNAgama,rUpamaMDa (a.4.94), rUpAvatAra vageremAM maLe che. je mujaba eka mukhaliMga banAvavA mATe mukha saMmukha banAvavuM ane te pUrvAbhimukha sthApavAnuM jaNAvela che. je mujaba ke kuMkuma jevA lAlavarNanA ane trinetravALA, mAchalInA AkAranA kuMDaLovALA, jaTAmAM ardhacandravALA evA pUrvamukhanA tatpuruSa jaNAvela che. tatpuruSa e mahAdevanuM sUcaka ane prakRtinuM pratIka che. ardhAra mahat kahetAM buddhinuM, vAmadeva ahaMkAranuM, sadyojAta mAnasanuM pratIka che (liMgapurANa 2,14.6.10). viSNudharmottaramAM maLatAM varNano mujaba saghojAta naMdI samakakSa, vAmadevanuM mukha umA jevuM, aghoranuM rUpa bhairava jevuM ane tatpuruSanuM mahAdeva jevuM, izAna zivasvarUpa che. agnipurANamAM tatpuruSa mATe sapheda ane saghojAta mATe pILo raMga sUcavela maLe che (agnipurANa 304.25). purAtattva vibhAga, gujarAta rAjya, dAhoda gujarAtamAMthI hAla prApta IsunI zarUAtanI sadIonA noMdhapAtra mukhaliMgomAM bharUca, kheDabrahmAnA kSatrapakAlIna mukhaliMga, zAmaLAjI mukAme kAzIvizvezvara mahAdevanuM sevya guptakAlIna eka mukhaliMga, vaDanagara mukAme ghAsakoLa daravAjA bahAra khetaramAMthI nIkaLela pAMcamI sadInuM ekamukhaliMga, hiMmatanagara pAse hAtharola mukAme zivamaMdiramAM Avela bhagna caturmukhaliMga vagere noMdhapAtra che. atre carcita eka mukhaliMga pATaNa tAlukAnA gAmonI mojaNI daramyAna saMkhArI gAme Avela zrI nIlakaMTha pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahAdevanA garbhagRhamAM sevyakliMga tarIke jovA maLela. A mukhaliMganI jalAdhArIno bhAga khADA svarUpamAM hoI ane mukhaliMga khADAmAM hoI mukhaliMganuM zilpakalAnI dRSTie saMpUrNa avalokana thaI zake tema nathI. uparAMta kAlabaLa ane kharcAne kAraNe paNa ghasAro lAgela che. mukhaliMga zyAmavarNanuM che. liMganA rudrabhAge madhyamAM zivamukha kaMDArela che. jyAre laeNMgano zirobhAga naLAkAra che. liMganuM mApa UMcAI : 0.34 se.mI. ane gherAvo 0.24 se.mI. che. deve banne kAnamAM valaya kuMDaLa dhAraNa karela che. mastaka parano jaTAbhAra alaMkRta che. jaTAlaTone gUMthIne banne cheDA para ardhalaMbavRtta ke parNaghATa Apela che. jyAre madhyanI jaTAlaTone UbhI hAramAM darzAvela che. jemAM nIce madhyabhAge mastiSkAbharaNa hovAnuM jaNAya che. devanAM visphAritanetra noMdhapAtra che. nAka, hoTha tathA mukhabhAga ghasAyela che. gaLAmAM madhyamAM padayukta prAcIna zailInI mALA dhAraNa karela che. samayAMkana atre carcita mukhaliMganI zailI-khAsa karIne netro tathA kezavinyAsa, mastiSkAbharaNa mahadaMze zAmaLAjI mukAme Avela kAzI vizvezvara mahAdevanA sevya eka mukhaliMgane maLatI che. zAmaLAjInuM mukhaliMga pArevA paththaramAMthI kaMDArela ane IsunI pamI sadInuM che. uparAMta khullAM visphArita netro paNa sAmya dharAve che. jyAre jaTAmukuTanI zailI pAchaLanA samayamAM paNa cAlu hovAnuM uttara gujarAtamAMthI prApta brahmANInI IsunI 6ThThI-7mI sadInI pratimA temaja amadAvAdamAM (sva.) zrI vasaMta guonA saMgrahamAMnI kuberanI IsunI 8mI sadInI pratimAmAM paNa jovA maLe che. saMkhArInA ekamukhaliMgamAM jovA maLatA jaTAbhAranI zailInA kaMIka prAcIna svarUpanA darzana zAmaLAjInI bhagavAna zivanI UbhA svarUpanI pratimAnA jaTAmukuTamAM thAya che." A pratimAne IsunI pamI sadImAM mUkavAmAM Avela che. jemAM madhyanI jaTAlaTone UbhI ane tenI banne taraphanI jaTAlaTo laMbavRttaghATamAM kaMIka chUTI darzAvela che. je saMkhArInA ekamukhaliMgamAM saMkIrNa bane che. Ama chatAM saMkhArInuM eka mukhaliMga tenI ghaNI badhI vigato aspaSTa hovA chatAM tenI zailInA AdhAre IsunI 5mI sadInA aMtamAM ke 6 ThThI sadImAM mUkI zakAya. pAdaTIpa 1. dave, ka.bhA., gUjarAtanuM mUrtividhAna", pR.244 2. (DaoN.) amIna, je.pI., "gujarAtanuM zaiva mUrtividhAna", pR. 11, 19 * Parekh, V.S., "Ekmukhlinga-Samalaji", Journal of Oricntal Institute, Baroda, Vol. XXXII, March-June,' 1984, Nos. 3-4, p. 329 (Dr.) Shah, U.P., Sculptures From,Samalaji and Roda", Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. XIII (Special Number), 1960, Pl. 1 & 18 phoTogrApha saujanya : purAtattva khAtuM, gujarAta sarakAra pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 2 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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rANI padminInI samasyA DaoN. IzvaralAla ojhA* madhyakAlIna bhAratanA itihAsamAM mevADano guhilavaMza noMdhapAtra sthAna dharAve che. dilhImAM muslimonuM zAsana sthapAyuM tyAre mevADe guhilonA netRtva taLe gujarAtanI dhUMsarI phagAvI dIdhI ane jyAre mevADanI gAdIe rANA ratanasiMha Avyo tyAre dilhImAM rAjakIya paristhiti palaTAI gaI hatI, tyAM mAmalUka vaMzane sthAne khalajI vaMzanI sthApanA thaI hatI ane mevADanA paDozI raNathaMbhora para sulatAna jalAluddIna khalajIe AkramaNa kareluM. alabatta tene tyAM niSphaLatA maLelI. paraMtu teno bhatrIjo alAudIna atyaMta mahattvAkAMkSI hato. pariNAme mevADa tenI bAja najaramAMthI bacI zake tema nahotuM. Ama alAudIne jayAre citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM tyAre guhila vaMzano rANo ratanasiMha mevADano zAsaka hato. 28 mI jAnyuArI, 1303nA roja prAraMbha karAyela A AkramaNa vakhate khalajIonA vizALa lazkaranI sAthe kavi ane itihAsakAra amIra khuzaro paNa hato. jeNe A AkramaNa tathA citoDanA gherAno ahevAla Alekhyo che. AkramaNanuM aMtima pariNAma : alAudInanA A citoDa AkramaNanA aMte tamAma rAjapUto khapI gayA. tethI yuddhanA aMtima caraNamAM killAmAMnI rAjapUta mahilAoe jAhera karyuM. karnala ToDa A hRdayadrAvaka ghaTanAnuM varNana Ape che. mahArANI padminInA netRtva taLe aneka suMdarIoe potAnA dehane agnine samarpita karyo. mevADanA rANA ratanasiMhanA aMtima jIvana vize samakAlIna itihAsakAromAM matamatAMtara pravarte che. naiNasiMha potAnI vAtamAM noMdhe che ke ratanasiMha alAudIna sAthe laDatA marAyo. jyAre karnala TaoNDa yuddhanA medAna para teNe chellA zvAsa 9 jaNAve che. IsAmI ane khusa ratanasiMha jIvato pakaDAyo ane pAchaLathI tene mArI nAkhavAmAM Avyo tevuM noMdha che. jaina racanA "nAbhinaMdanodvAra prabaMdha" jaNAve che ke alAuddIne citrakUTanA adhipatine pakaDyo ane tenI tamAma saMpatti japta karI. nAhara jatamalanI racanA gorAbAvala copAI paNa kakkasUrinA uparokta sUramAM sUra purAve che ke "alAudIne ratanasiMhane keda karyo ane tenI sAthe kara vartAva karyo." Ama upara pramANe samakAlIna lekhakonAM virodhAbhAsI vRtAMtomAMthI ratanasiMhanA chellA divaso vize yathArtha mAhitI maLatI nathI. . . rANI padminInI samasyA che. je rIte rANA ratanasiMhanI aMtima sthitino khyAla Avato nathI tevI sthiti tenI rANI padminInI aMtima sthiti vize che. samakAlIna muslima tavArIkhakAro tathA anya vRttAMta nivedakoe patinI vize virodhAbhAsI citraNa rajU karatAM alAuddIna khalajInA citoDa paranA AkramaNanI aitihAsika ghaTanAmAM padminInA jIvana vRttAMtane rasika kanyA jevo vaLAMka maLI gayo. pariNAme A kathAtattvane e kAlanA moTAbhAganA samakAlIna tavArIkhakAro tathA sAhityakAroe paNa potAnI racanAomAM sthAna ApyuM. A prakAranA valaNane kAraNe rANA ratanasiMhanI A suMdarI ane mahArANI citoDa-mevADanA itihAsanuM akhila bhAratIya staranuM pAtra banI gaI. Ama to dilhIno baLavAna sulatAna alAudIna sAmrAjyapAtra hato ane citoDa teno svAbhAvika zikAra hato. chatAMya tenA citoDa paranA AkramaNanAM aneka kAraNomAM A suMdarIne pAmavAnI tenI AMdhaLI temaja prabaLa icchAne paNa eka kAraNa gaNavAmAM Ave che. Ane pariNAme A samagra ghaTanA gUMcavAI gaI. samakAlIna lekhakomAM traNa samakAlIno ghaNA mahattvanA che. padminI vize teo je vRttAMta ahevAla Alekhe che te A pramANe che. malika muhammada jAyasInuM vRttAMta : I.sa. 1504 AsapAsa racavAmAM Avela "padmAvata" nAmanA kAvyagraMthane kAraNe malika muhammada jAyasI samagra bhAratamAM vikhyAta che. A kAvyamAM keTalIka aitihAsika ghaTanAone paNa teNe AvarI lIdhI che. temAM teNe alAuddInanA citoDa paranA AkramaNano ahevAla rocaka rIte Alekhyo che. * paribhrama, harezvara mahAdevanI poLa, moDAsI capaTA, visanagara - 384315 pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2003 } . For Private and Personal Use Only

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alAuddIne citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM tenAM kAraNonI carcA karatAM te mukhya kAraNa 'citoDanA rAjAnI ati suMdara rANI padmAvatIne prApta karavAnuM" ApyuM che. jAyasInA darzAvyA pramANe mevADanI A padmAvatI ke padmInI koI bhAratIya zAsakanI nahi paraMtu zrIlaMkAnA zAsakanI kuMvarI hatI. mevADanA ratanasiMhanA kAne tenA sauMdaryanI vAta AvatAM tene pAmavAnA uddezathI ratanasiMha zrIlaMkA Avyo ane bAra varSa sudhI tyAM paDyo rahyo. chevaTe teNe padminIne prApta karavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI. A ghaTanAnuM kathAtmaka vRttAMta jAyasIe potAnA A mahAkAvyanA prAraMbhamAM ApyuM che. citoDamAM padminIne lAvyA pachI teno cahero koIe joyo nahoto. paraMtu eka divasa rAghava nAmano cAraNa teno cahero jovAmAM saphaLa thayo ane tene lAgyuM ke AvI sauMdaryanI bharapUra rANI to dilhInA mahelamAM zobhe. pariNAme te dilhI gayo ane rANInA sauMdaryanAM mophATa vakhANa karyAM. rAghava cAraNanA moethI padminInA sauMdaryanAM vakhANa sAMbhaLIne sulatAna alAuddInane mevADanA zAsaka ratanasiMhane rANI padminIne aMtaHpuramAM moklI ApavAno hukama karyo. svAbhAvika che ke AvA hukamano amala mevADano mahArANo na kare. jene kAraNe citoDane dilhI sAthe vera baMdhAyuM ane alAuddIne zAhI apamAnano badalo levA mATe citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM. citoDano killo abhedya hovAne kAraNe ATha varSa sudhI tene ghero ghAlavA chatAM alAuddIna na to killo sara karI zakyo ke rANI padminIne prApta karI zakyo. pariNAme teNe yuktino sahAro lIdho, je vizvAsaghAtanuM ja bIju rUpa hatI. malika muhammada jAyasI noMdhe che ke, sulatAne rANAne vacana ApyuM ke jo te AyanAonI hAramALA goThavIne padminInA phakta caherAnAM darzana karAvaze to pote citoDanA AkramaNane sthagita karI ghero uThAvIne dilhI pAcho jato raheze. rANA ratanasiMha sulatAnanI A cAlamAM phasAI gayo. jo ke gorA ane bAdala nAmanA rANAnA be atyaMta kuzaLa ane phUTa nItijJa senApatioe ratanasiMhane alAuddInano vizvAsa nahi karavA salAha ApI. paraMtu rANAe A yogya salAhanI avagaNanA karI ane sulatAnane AyanAo goThavIne potAnI ardhAMganAnuM moM batAvyuM. AyanAmAM sulatAne joyela padminI rAghava cAraNe varNavela padminI karatAM paNa vizeSa suMdara lAgI. pariNAme sulatAne vacana ApyA pramANe dilhI pAchA javAne badale padminIne prApta karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. potAnA sUcita vizvAsaghAtano rANA ratanasiMhane aNasAra na Ave te mATe padminInA mukhAraviMdanA darzana karyA pachI sulatAne bAhya rIte citoDa choDI javAnI icchA vyakta karI. pariNAme gaDhanA chellA daravAjA sudhI ratanasiMha aMgarakSaka vinA nirbhaya banIne sulatAnane vaLAvavA gayo. tyAre niHzasra evA rANAne vizvAsaghAta karIne pakaDI pheda karyo. keda karyA bAda tene dilhI laI javAmAM Avyo. ratanasiMhane dilhI laI gayA pachI ja alAuddInanuM sAcuM prota prakAzyuM. teNe citoDanA senApatio tathA mahAmAtyane saMdezo mokalAvyo ke padminIne jyAM sudhI zAhIaMtaHpuramAM mokalavAmAM Avaze nahi tyAM sudhI ratanasiMhane keda mukta karavAmAM Avaze nahi. A bAju padminInA kArne rANA para musalamAno dvArA trAsa gujAravAmAM Ave che tevA samAcAro satata saMbhaLAvA lAgyA. pariNAme potAnA patine haMmezA paramezvara mAnatI padminIe paNa alAuddInane tenI ja vizvAsaghAtanI bhASAmAM jaDabAtoDa javAba ApavAnI yojanA banAvI. tethI teNe potAnI samagra yojanA rAjyanA senApatio gorA ane bAdalane samajAvI. padminIe dAsInA veze potAnI sAthe 16000 cunaMdA rAjapUta yoddhAone sAthe lIdhA. potAnA A vizALa kAphsA sAthe padminI dilhI AvI pahoMcI. te sulatAnane maLI ane have phakta sulatAnanA ja che evo pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 = 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AbAda abhinaya karyo. pote sulatAnane saMpUrNa samarpita thAya te pahelAM chelle chelle teNI rANI ratanasiMhane maLavA mAge che tevI icchA vyakta karI. kAmAMdha alAuddIne lAMbo vicAra karyA sivAya padhiI have potAnA sivAya anya koInI nathI tema mAnI turata ja tene ratanasiMhane maLavAnI paravAnagI ApI dIdhI. Ama lazkaranA custa cokI paherA taLe kedamAM rahela rANo, padminI ane tenA dAsI veze rahelA rAjapUta yoddhAo vacce AvI pahoMcyo. A bahAdura ane kAbela yoddhAoe rANI padinIne pavanavegI ghoDAo mAraphata citoDa tarapha ravAnA karI dIdhAM. rAjA ane rANInA rakSaNa mATe svayaM senApati bAdala sAthe hato jyAre bIjo senApati gorA alAuddInanuM lazkara rAjA rANIno pIcho kare tyAre tenI sAme DhAla thaIne Ubho rahyo. Ane kAraNe sulatAnanuM lazkara nAsI chUTelAM rAjA rANIno pIcho karI zakyuM nahi kAraNake senApati gorAe dilhInA lazkarane ghamAsANa yuddha ApyuM. jemAM svayaM senApati gorA vIragati pAmyAM. gorAnuM lazkara zAhI senA sAme parAsta thayuM tyAM sudhImAM to rANA ratanasiMha ane rANI padminI cheka mevADanI pATanagarI citoDa pahoMcI gayAM hatAM. bIjI bAju ratanasiMha dilhImAM keda thatAM tenA senApatio gorA ane bAdala sAthe rANI padminI dilhI AvI pahoMcatAM mevADamAM sarjAyela zUnyAvakAzano lAbha asaMtuSTa saradAroe levAnuM nakkI karyuM. jemAM aMte kuMbhalagaDhano devapAla saphaLa thayo. tenA netRtva taLe asaMtuSTa saradAroe vidroha karIne citoDano kabajo levAmAM saphaLatA prApta karI. tethI citoDamAM paga mUkatAM ja ratanasiMhane A vidrohI sAme yuddha karavuM paDyuM ane devapAlane yuddhamAM haNyo. paraMtu, A yuddhamAM rANA ratanasiMhane vAgela eka zasano ghA jIvaleNa sAbita thayo ane ratanasiMhanuM paNa pAchaLathI mRtyu thayuM. mahArANI padminI tathA bIjI rANI nAgamatI ratanasiMha pAchaLa satI thaI. A ghaTanA ghaTyA pachI punaH alAuddIne vizALa lazkara laIne citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM ane tenA para potAno vijaya dhvaja laherAvyo. jAyasInA vRttAMtanuM parIkSaNa -malika muhammada jAyasI dvArA rajU karavAmAM Avela A vRttAMta 'padmAvata'nuM che ane 'padmAvata' eka kAvyagraMtha che e A vRttAMtanA parIkSaNa vakhate samakSa rAkhavuM joIe. A bhUla pAchaLanA phArasI tavArikhakAroe kahI hatI, teo jAyasI dvArA rajU karAyela vRttAMtamAM satya ane kalpanAne yathArtha svarUpamAM samajI zakyA nahotA. pariNAme temaNe A ghaTanAne kathA hovA chatAM sAcI aitihAsika ghaTanA tarIke svIkArIne potAnI racanA karI. phirastA tathA hAjI udabIra jevA tavArikhakAro paNa A bhUla karI beThA che te bhUlavuM joIe nahi. malika muhammada jAyasInI atizayoktipUrNa gAthA tathA avAstavika varNana parathI spaSTa thAya che ke padmAvata'mAM darzAvela vigata aitihAsika satya nathI. kAraNake, (1) gAdIe AvyA pachI ratanasiMha zrIlaMkA jAya ane tyAM bAra varSa rahe e zakya nathI. kAraNake alAuddIne tenA rAjyArohaNa pachI tarata ja citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM hatuM. vaLI bhAratIya lekhako mATe bArano AkaDo priya hato. siddharAja jUnAgaDhane paNa bAra varSa ghero ghAlyo hato. ane dhArAnagarIno ghero paNa bAra varSa ja cAlyo hato. pAMDavo paNa bAra varSa vanavAsa rahyA hatA. (2) jyAre citoDamAM rAjA ratanasiMhanuM zAsana hatuM tyAre zrIlaMkAmAM rAjA parAkrama bAhu cotho zAsana karato hato. 'padmAvata'mAM malika muhammada jAyasI tenuM nAma govardhana Ape che ane karnala ToMDe e samaye zrIlaMkAmAM rAjA hamIrane zAsana karato darzAvyo che. (3) A uparAMta jAyasI alAudIna ane rANA ratanasiMha vacce ATha varSa yuddha cAlyuM tema noMdhe che. yuddhanAM varSano ATalo moTo AMkaDo koI samakAlIna ke anukAlIna lekhake Apyo nathI. e samayanI dilhInI khaTapaTa bharI rAjakIya sthitino abhyAsa karatAM spaSTa rIte jaNAI Ave che ke, ATalA lAMbA samaya mATe dilhImAM ala gerahAjara rahevAnuM poSAya tema nahotuM. Ane kAraNe te gujarAta paranA AkramaNa vakhate satanatanA lazkara sAthe nahoto ane dakSiNa bhAratanA samagra abhiyAnanI javAbadArI malika kAphUra para lAdI hatI. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 05 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(4) vaLI jAyasI citoDa paranA AkramaNanuM kAraNa spaSTa rIte rANI padminInI prAptinuM Ape che. jyAre tenA samakAlIno phirIstA ane hAjI uddabIra tema jaNAvatA nathI. alAuddIna jevo sAmrAjyavAdI mahattvAkAMkSAothI bharelo sulatAna phakta padminI jevI eka suMdarIne prApta karavA mATe rAjapUto sAme duzmanAvaTa vhorI le e zakya nathI. phirIstAnuM vRttAMta :- phIrIstAe potAnI tavArIkhamAM citoDanI ghaTanAno be jagyAe ullekha karyo che. jemAM eka jagyAe to te A prasaMgane TuMkANamAM patAvI nAkhe che. tenA jaNAvyA pramANe alAuddIne cha mahinAnA gherAne aMte citoDa jItyuM ane potAnA yuvarAja khIjarakhAnane suparata karyuM. A sivAya te A sthaLe anya koI vigata Apato nathI. teNe potAnA A vRttAMtamAM kyAMya citoDanA e vakhatanA zAsakanuM nAma paNa ApyuM nathI. bIjI jagyAe phIrIstA rANI padminInI ghaTanAo malika muhammada jAyasI karatAM judI ja rIte ullekha kare che. tenA jaNAvyA pramANe alAuddIne citoDa sAthe yuddha karI tenAM zAsaka rANA ratanasiMhane harAvIne keda karyo. rANAe sulatAnanI kedamAMthI chUTavA mATe aneka SaDayaMtro karyAM paraMtu tene saphaLatA maLI nahi. daramyAna svayaM sulatAna alAuddInane evI mAhitI maLI ke rANA ratanasiMhanA aMtaHpuramAM rANI padminI nAmanI eka sauMdaryavatI rANI che. tenA sauMdaryanAM vakhANa sAMbhaLIne svayaM sulatAna tene pAmavA mATe talapApaDa banI gayo. ane teNe ja rANA ratanasiMha samakSa prastAva mUkyo ke jo te potAnI rANI padminIne zAhI haramamAM mokale to tene keda mukta karavAmAM Avaze. A darakhAsta rANAe svIkArI lIdhI ane te padminIne dilhInA zAsakanA aMtaHpuramAM mokalavAne saMmata thayo. yojanA pramANe rANAe citoDa padminIne dilhI AvavA saMdeza mokalyo. paraMtu mevADanA saradAro sisodiyA kuLane kalaMka lagAve tevI A darakhAsta sAthe saMmata thayA nahi. pariNAme A prakAranI guhila kuLane kalaMka lagADe tevI apamAnajanaka ghaTanA na bane te mATe svayaM padminIne ja jhera ApIne mArI nAkhavAnuM nakkI thayuM. A bAju citoDamAM padminIne A rIte mArI nAkhavAnI yojanA ghaDAtI hatI tyAre ratanasiMhanI ja eka anya rANInI rAjakumArInA kAne A vAta AvI tethI teNe potAnI oramAna mAnI hatyAnI yojanAno virodha karyo ane teNIe jAte ja potAnA pitAne keda mukta karavAnuM bIDu jhaDapyuM. tyArabAda jAyasIe Apela vRttAMta pramANe padminInI jagyAe A rAjakumArIe dAsI svarUpe yoddhAone sulatAnanA mahelamAM ghurADIne potAnA pitA temaja citoDanA rANA ratanasiMhane kedamukta karyo. rANA ratanasiMhanA kedamukta thayA pachIno phirIstAno ahevAla jAyasI karatAM judo paDe che. tenA noMdhyA pramANe dilhI parata AvyA pachI rANAe potAnA rAjyano musalamAnoe jItelo pradeza pharIthI jItavAno prAraMbha karyo. citoDanA sUbA ane pATavI kuvara khIjarakhAnane teNe evuM vinAzaka yuddha ApyuM ke svayaM alAuddInane citoDa khAlI karIne dilhI AvI javAno Adeza potAnAM zAhajAdA khIjarakhAnane Apavo paDyo. turkoe citoDa khAlI karyA pachI rajapUtomAM phUTa paDAvavA mATe citoDano kabajo rANA ratanasiMhanA eka bhANejane soMpavAmAM Avyo. phIrIstAnA matanuM parIkSaNa :- malika muhammada jAyasIe padmAvatanI racanA karI tyArabAda cheka sItera varSa pachI phIrIstAe upara carcita vRttAMta AlekhyuM che. tethI tene lagabhaga samakAlIna gaNI zakIe. Ama chatAM jAyasI ane tenI vacce ghaNo ja virodhAbhAsa che ane te aneka khAmIo ane dekhItI apUrNatAthI bharapUra che. udAharaNa tarIke (1) citoDanI ghaTanAnuM varNana kendrasthAne hovA chatAM te kyAMya citoDanA zAsakanuM nAma ja Apato nathI. Ama banavAnuM kAraNa e che ke, phirIstA jAyasIne badale amIra khusarone anusaryo che ane amIra khusaroe paNa potAnI racanAmAM citoDanA zAsakanuM nAma lakhyuM nathI. (2) phIrIstAnA lakhANanI bIjI mahattvanI khAmI e che ke te citoDano rAjA kaI rIte dilhInA sulatAnanI jaDabesalAka kedamAMthI pharAra thayo enI vigato Ape che. paraMtu padminI citoDanA rANAnI patnI hatI pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 + 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ke dIkarI teno tene khyAla hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. kAraNa ke teNe "rAjAonI mahilAomAM eka padminI nAmanI strI paNa che" e prakAranuM vidhAna karyuM che. vaLI kyAMka rAjA sAtheno teno saMbaMdha spaSTa karavA mATe "rAyanI dIkarI" ke "jhana" jevo zabda prayoga kare che. (3) dilhIthI keda mukta thaIne parata AvyA pachI rANAe bajAvela kAmagIrInuM vRttAMta paNa yathArtha hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. phakta khIjarakhAnane citoDa choDIne dilhI parata AvavuM paDyuM eTalI vAta sAcI che. Ama chatAM khIjarakhAne citoDa khAlI karyAnuM te je varSa Ape che te paNa barAbara nathI. hAjI uddabIranuM vRttAMta :- hAjI uddabIra potAnA arabI itihAsamAM padminInI A ghaTanAno ullekha kare che. tenuM A vRttAMta paNa padmAvatanI racanA pachI 80 varSe lakhAyeluM che. pariNAme tenA ahevAlamAM vividhatA vizeSa che. A graMthanI be prato maLe che. temAM prathama pratamAM te padminInuM nAma Apato nathI paraMtu adhyAhAra tarIke citoDanAM rANAnI patnI evo zabda prayoje che. jyAre bIjI pratamAM vizeSa vigata che je padmAvatane lagabhaga maLatI ja che. taphAvata phakta eTalo che ke ahIyAM dAsI svarUpe 25000 yoddhAo rAjA ane alAuddIna muktinI zaratane nakkI karavA maMtraNA karatA hatA tyAre AvI pahoMce che. ane turkI sainikone harAvI rAjAne mukta karAvavAmAM saphaLa thAya che. hAjI uddabIra jAyasI ane phIrIstA karatAM eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhIne punaH citoDa kabaje karavAnA alAuddInanA niSphaLa prayAsonI paNa vigata noMdhe che. tenA jaNAvyA pramANe sulatAne joyuMke lazkarI baLathI citoDa jItI zakAze nahi tethI teNe rajapUtomAM phATaphUTa paDAvavA mATe rANAnIja eka bhANejane citoDanA subA tarIke nImI dIdhI. paraMtu sulatAnanA A pagalAthI rajapUtomAM phATaphUTa paDavAne badale eka thaI gayA kAraNa ke rANAnI bhANeja sulatAnane ja paraNI hatI. tethI rAjasthAnanA hindu samAjamAM tene dhikkAravAmAM AvatI hatI. pariNAme rANAnI A bhANejane tenA thoDA sainiko sAthe harAvIne mArI nAkhavAmAM AvI ane citoDa para punaH hindu samAnI sthApanA karAI. hAjI uhabIranA matanuM parIkSaNa :- hAjI uddhabIrano uparokta ahevAla vAMcatAM spaSTa thAya che ke te potAnA lakhANamAM Dagalene pagale virodha bhASI vigato noMdhe che. potAnA samagra vRttAMtamAM te kyAMya rANA ratanasiMhanuM nAma Apato nathI ane ghaTanAnuM mukhyapAtra padminIne paNa asaMdigdha saMdarbhamAM rajU kare che je vAMcatAM evuM lAge che ke, svayaM lekhakane potAnA parapaNa vizvAsa nathI. kAraNake alAuddIna dvArA padminInI mAgaNI citoDa jItyA pahelAM karavAmAM AvI ke pachI e bAbatamAM paNa hAjI udbIra cokkasa nathI. A uparAMta rANAne dilhImAM to keTa karavAmAM Avyo nahoto e bAbata spaSTa thAya che. vaLI tenAM lakhANothI bIjI eka bAbata spaSTa thAya che ke, lekhakanA mate citoDa jItyA pachI pijarakhAnane citoDanA subA tarIke nimyo nahoto paraMtu eka rAjaputa rAjakuMvarI ke je zAhI karamamAM hatI tene nImavAmAM AvI hatI. amIrakhusaronuM vRttAMta :- amIra khusaro tavArikhakAra ke itihAsakAra nahoto. kavi ane lekhaka hovAne kAraNe padminInI A ghaTanAno ullekha te potAnI sAhityika ke viziSTha zailImAM karee svAbhAvika che. te bhAratanA itihAsanI A ghaTanA IthiyopiyAnA prAcIna kAlanA samrATa solomana ane tenI sAthenAM pAtro saibA, bilAkisa tathA hudahuda sAthorUpaka prayojIne varNave che. A zailI pramANe khusaro sulatAna alAuddInanI tulanA solomana sAthe kare che. saibAne citoDanA killA vacce Avela kalpe che ane potAnI jAtane samrATanA saMdeza vAhaka arthAta hudahuda nAmanA pakSI svarupe gaNe che. A pakSIe ithiyopiyAnA samrATa solomanane sailAnI suMdara rANI bilAkIsanA benamUna sauMdaryanI vAkepha karyo hato. vaLI khusaro padminInA A prasaMga sAthe saMkaLAyeluM eka pAtra che. te potAnI racanA 'khajAe-ula-kRtUha'mAM noMdhe che ke pote alAuddIne citoDanA killAno kabajo lIdho te pahelAM tenI sAthe killAnI aMdara gayo hato. tenA pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 07 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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mata mujaba cittoDano A killo eTalo badho majabUta hato ke temAM pakSI paNa pravezI zakatuM nahotuM. tenA noMdhyA pramANe alAudIna killAnI bahAra nIkaLIne potAnI chAvaNImAM gayo tyArabAda rANAe saraNAgatI svIkArI hatI. A ghaTanA ghaTyA pachI alAudIne vizvAsaghAta karIne 30,000 rajapUtone mArI nAkhyA. amIra khusaronA matanuM parIkSaNa :- AgaLa joyuM tema amIra khusaro itihAsakAra nathI paraMtu darabArI kavilekhaka che. pariNAme tenA lakhANamAM sarva satya hoya tema mAnI zakAya nahi. turka-muslima hovAne kAraNe tenAmAM keTaluMka satya sahana karavAnI zakti nahotI. Ane kAraNe potAne mATe je ghaTanA aNagamatI hatI tenI teNe noMdha lIdhI nathI. vaLI alAuddInanuM luNa khAnAra lekhaka alAuddIna viruddha na lakhI zake te svAbhAvika che. udAharaNa tarIke alAuddIne potAnA kAkAnI karela hatyA, moMgoloe alAuddInane Apela parAjaya, temaNe dilhIne ghAlela jaDabesalAka ghero... jevI bAbatone teNe potAnI AvA prakAranI svAmIbhaktine kAraNe ullekha TALyo che. vaLI amIra khusaronA varNanane vizeSa UMDANathI vAMcIe to temAM Dagale ane pagale virodhAbhAsa dekhAya che. temaja lekhakano alAuddIna taraphano pakSapAta lagabhaga vAsanAnI kakSAe pahoMcyo hoya tema lAge che. pro. habIbanA noMdhyA pramANe A mohane kAraNe ja amIra khusaro alAuddInanI sarakhAmaNI samrATa solomana sAthe kare che ane tenI saibA citoDanA killAmAM rahelI padminIne kalpe che ane ithiyopiyAnA A vikhyAta samrATa solomana pAse tenI suMdara patnI sebAnA khabara laI janAra huda-huda nAmaka pakSI tarIke te potAnI jAtane oLakhAve che. khusaronA varNana parathI evuM spaSTa thAya che ke te pote ane sulatAna alAuddIna killo tenA hAthamAM Avyo te pahelAM paNa killAmAM jaI AvyA hatA ane sulatAna killAmAMthI pAcho pharyo tyAra bAda ja rANo tenA taMbumAM AvIne tene tAbe thayo hato. te pachI nirAza thayelA sulatAne 30,000 hinduone kApI nAkhavAno hukama karyo hato. eTale ke khusaronA graMthane jhINavaTathI avalokatAM padminI sAthe saMkaLAyela aneka prasaMgonA ullekho temAMthI maLI Ave che. rAjasthAnanA suprasiddha itihAsakAra zrI.gaurIzaMkara ojhA tathA DaoN. ke.bI.lAla jevA vidvAno padminInI A ghaTanAne amIra khusaronAM lakhANonA parIkSaNa pachI taddana asaMbhavita tathA upajAvelI gaNe che kAraNa ke khusaro svayaM citoDanA gherA vakhate hAjara hato ane teNe killo temaja gherAnuM jhINavaTa bharyuM varNana karavA chatAM te padminI vize koI pratyakSa ullekha karato nathI. AnuM sAcuM kAraNa e che ke khusaro eka darabArI kavi hato eTale svAbhAvika che ke potAnA svAmInI apakIrti thAya tevI vigata noMdhe nahi. TUMkamAM zrI. ojhA mAne che tema padminInI A kathA pAchaLathI bhATacAraNoe upajAvI kADhela che ane tenuM preraNA sthAna I.sa. 1540mAM malika muhammada jAyasIe lakhela hindI kAvya 'padmAvata'che. teNe ApelI kAlpanika kathAne pAchaLathI bhATa, cAraNo tathA itihAsakAroe sAcI mAnI lIdhI che, jyAre pro. devendra bhaTTa AnA karatAM saheja viparita bhASAmAM noMdhe che ke malika muhammada jAyasI pAsethI itihAsakAroe A kathA meLavI tema kahevA karatAM jAyasIe potAnA 'padmAvata' mATenI kathA vastu amIrakhusaronA "khajA-e-ula-phutUha''mAMthI meLavI hatI ane tenA para klpanAnA raMga caDhAvyA hatA tema kahevuM vizeSa yogya gaNAze. vividha matonI samIkSA - Ama ApaNe malika muhammada jAyasI, phIrIstA ane hAjI uddabIranuM padminI viSayaka vRttAMta joyuM. temanA uparAMta pAchaLathI aneka phArasI tavArIkhakAro, bhATo, cAraNo, gaDhavIo, bAroTo ane anya itihAsa temaja sAhityakAroe A viSaya para lakhyuM che. A tamAma vRttAMtono abhyAsa karatAM eka vAta spaSTa rIte tarI Ave che ke, pratyekanA lakhANano mULa AdhAra muhammada jAyasInuM padmAvata lAge che. bAMkIpuranA graMthAlayamAM sacavAyela 18mI sadImAM taiyAra thayela kRti 'bahula khvAjha'mAM paNa jAyasIno utAro karavAmAM lekhako padminInI ghaTanA mATe jAyasIno ja AdhAra letA dekhAya che. pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 8 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahattvanA virodhAbhAso : lagabhaga tamAma lekhakoe padmAvatano AdhAra lIdho hovA chatAM pratyekamAM A ghaTanA saMbaMdhe virodhAbhAsa dekhAya che. AvI mahattvanI pArasparika virodhI bAbato A pramANe che. (1) pAlakhIonI saMkhyA : padminI sAthe dilhImAM keTalI saMkhyAmAM pAlakhIo mokalavAmAM AvI teno AMkaDo pratyeka lekhaka alaga alaga Ape che. malika muhammada jAyasI pAlakhIonI saMkhyA 16000nI noMdhe che jyAre phIrIstA A AMkaDo 700no ane hAjI uddakabIra to phakta pa pAlakhIomAM chUpA veze rAjapUta yoddhAo gayA hatA tema noMdhe che. (2) rANAnI kedanuM sthAna H e ja rIte mevADanA rANAne dilhImAM keda karAyo ke anya sthaLe e bAbatamAM paNa A lekhako paraspara virodhI sthaLo batAve che. malika muhammada jAyasI ane phIrIstA jaNAve che ke, rANAne dilhImAM keda karavAmAM Avyo. jyAre hAjI uddabIra to rANo dilhI gayo ja nathI evuM AzcaryakAraka vidhAna Alekhe che. tenA jaNAvyA pramANe rANAne potAnA deza mevADamAM ja turkI cokIdAronI paherA taLe kedamAM rAkhavAmAM Avyo hato. (3) padminIno rANA sAthe saMbaMdha : uparokta be bAbatA karatAM A ghaTanAnA mULAdhAra jevI bAbata padminI rANA ratanasiMhanI patnI hatI ke nahi te che. AvI bAbatamAM paNa A lekhako ekamata nathI. malika muhammada jAyasInA mate padminI ratanasiMhanI rANI che, jyAre phIrIstAnA mate teNI ratanasiMhanI dIkarI hatI. (4) padminInI mAgaNI koNe karI ? : padmAvatane anusaranAra lagabhaga moTAbhAganA lekhako spaSTa rIte jaNAve che ke, padminInI mAgaNI sulatAna alAuddIne karI hatI ane padminI soMpavAnI zarate ja rAjAne mukta karAze tema nakkI thayeluM. AnAthI viparIta hAjI uddabIra to evuM noMdhe che ke alAuddIne padminInI mAgaNI karI ja na hotI paraMtu alAuddInanI jaDabe salAka ane yAtanAbharI kedamAMthI chaTakavA mATe svayaM ratanasiMhe ja padminInA A nATakanI sAme cAlIne yojanA karI ane sulatAnane padminI soMpavAnI zarata rajU karI. padmAvatano uddeza : A ghaTanAnA AlekhanamAM lagabhaga tamAma lekhakoe padmAvatano AdhAra lIdho hato te hakIkata che. paraMtu mahattvanI pAyAnI bAbata e che ke jAyasIe A mahAkAvya racyuM tyAre te sAce ja padminInuM jIvanacaritra AlekhavA mAgato hato ke kema ? kAraNa ke aMte to philAsaoNpharanI adAthI noMdhe che ke, "tana citta ura mana rAjA kIA, hiya siMghala buddhi padminI cInhA; rAghavadUta soI setAnuM, mAyA alAuddIna sulatAnuM." arthAt mArI A racanAmAM citoDa zarIranuM, rAjA mananuM, zrIlaMkA hRdayanuM, padminI samajaNanuM, rAghava saMtAnanuM ane sulatAna alAuddIna mAyAnuM pratIka che. Ama, jAyasInA mahAkAvyanA upasaMhAra rUpa A noMdha parathI spaSTa thAya che ke te itihAsa to lakhavA mAgato nahoto. padmAvatano preraNAsrota : Ama, padmAvata e itihAsa nathI paraMtu sAhityika racanA-mahAkAvya che. sAmAnya rIte A prakAranI racanAo itihAsanI mAphaka nakkara dastAvejI sAdhana sAmagrIne AdhAre taiyAra thatI nathI. ene badale kalpanA temaja tene sAkAra karatI koI ghaTanAmAMthI lekhaka preraNA meLavato hoya che. tethI eka evuM anumAna karavAmAM Ave che ke, jAyasIe potAnA samayamAM johara vakhate aneka yuvAna suMdarIone ciMtAmAM paDatI joI hatI. jenI mAnasika asaranA paripAkarUpe "padminI ane tenI sAthe aneka suMdarIoe johara karyuM hatuM" tevI karNopakarNa sAMbhaLelI ghaTanAne akSara deha ApavAnuM jAyasIne sUjhyuM hatuM. kAraNa joharanI ghaTanAe jAyasInA mana para gherI asara pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 : 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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karI hatI. TUMkamAM phrenca krAMtino mahAsaMhAra joIne DIkansa "A Tale of Two cities" nI racanA karI tema bahAdura zAha gujarAtIe citoDa paranA AkramaNa vakhate kALo kera vartAvyo te joIne padmAvatanI racanA jAyasIe karI. rAjasthAnanI praNAlikAgata kathAnI samasyA :- vidvAnono eka varga evuM mAne che ke, jAyasI eto rAjasthAnanI koIka pAinI jevI praNAlikAgata daMtakathAne potAnI A kalpita racanAno AdhAra banAvyo che. Do. izvarI prasAda noMdhe che ke, "padminIno prasaMga mevADanI praNAlikAmAM ghaNo prAcIna che ane eka peDhInI bIjI peDhI sudhI sacavAto Avyo che. jo te phakta jAyasIno sAhityika AdhAra ja hota to samagra rAjasthAna vyApI bahoLI prasiddhi tene maLI hota." temanA A matanuM khaMDana karatAM DaoN. ke.esa.lAla jaNAve che ke, "praNAlikAo itihAsanuM AdhArabhUta sAdhana nathI ane mevADanI padmAvatInI praNAlikA keTalI prAcIna che tene vize yathArtha vidhAna karavuM zakya nathI." jo ke A daMtakathA muhammada jAyasInA padmAvata karatAM jUja hoya to paNa tenA udbhavano samaya kahI zakAya tema nathI. sAcI vAta to e che ke bhATacAraNonAM vattAto jAyasInA padmAvatanA racanAkALa pachI akSaradeha pAmyAM che. phirastAnI tavArIkha paNa padmAvata pachI lakhAI che. vaLI bhATa cAraNonAM vRttAMto mevADanI daMtakathA para AdhArita che ke padmAvata para te kahevuM kaThina che. TUMkamAM A praNAlikAne koI dastAvejI ke Abhilekhika AdhAra nathI tethI teno aitihAsika tarIke svIkAra karI zakAya nahi. masAlA sabhara vRttAMto lakhavAnI manovRtti H eka vakhata padmAvatI prakAranI kathA lokone saMbhaLAvavAmAM AvI pachI te havAnI mAphaka samagra samAjamAM prasarI gaI. karNopakarNa AgaLa vadhatI A daMtakathAmAM kramazaH atizayokti pUrNa masAlAo umeravAmAM AvyA. pariNAme e kAlanA masAlA sabhara vRttAMto lakhavAnA zokhIna tavArIkhakArone padmAvatIno taiyAra masAlo maLI gayo. pariNAme A kathA samagra bhAratamAM lokapriya thaI gaI ane manukakI jevAe paNa padmAvatIno saMbaMdha alAuddInane badale mughala samrATa akabara sAthe joDI dIdho. teNe akabaranA citoDa AkramaNa vakhatanA rAjA jayamallanI rANI tarIke padminIne rajU karI eTaluM ja nahi jAyasInI mAphaka teNe paNa akabaranI kedamAMthI rAjAne padminInA parAkrama vaDe ja bhagADyo che. jo ke keTalAka lekhako masAlA sabhara vRttAMto lakhavAnA dUSaNathI mukta hatA jemAM jhIyAudIna barjA, isAmI, amIra khusaro, IbnabatutA, tArIkha-I-muhammada zAhIno kartA vagereno samAveza thAya che. temaNe padminInA A prasaMgane spaSTa karyo nathI ane kyAMya potAnI racanAmAM teno achaDato ullekha paNa karyo nathI. AmAM amIra khuzaro to svayaM citoDanA A AkramaNa vakhate alAuddIna sAthe che. jo kharekhara padminInI A mahattvanI ghaTanA e samaye banI hota to tenI kalamanI pakaDamAMthI padminI ke rANAnA nAma sAthe AlekhAyA vinA kaI rIte chaTakI zake ? - niSkarSa Ama padminIno A prasaMga je rIte daMtakathAo ane jAyasIe rajU karyo che te rItano aitihAsika nathI. vaLI A prasaMga daMtakathA svarUpe rAjasthAnamAM game teTalo prasiddha hoya to paNa teno aitihAsika ghaTanA tarIke saMpUrNa svIkAra zakya nathI. Ama chatAM eTaluM avazya kahI zakAya ke, (1) I.sa. 1303mAM sulatAna alAuddIne citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM hatuM. (2) rAjapUto ATha mahinA sudhI satata mukAbalo karavAmAM khapI gayA ane (3) temanA vIragati pAmyA pachInA joharamAM keTalIka strIo satI thaI jemAM rANA ratanasiMhanI paNa eka rANI hatI jene padminInA nAme oLakhavAmAM AvI che. pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtano vAgaDa sAthe saMbaMdha pro. DaoN. ela.DI.jozI vAgaDa eka ati prAcIna pradeza che. AdimAnava ane tenA vaMzajo A pradezamAM vAsa karatA AvyA che. zaka, kSatrapa, huNa gupta vagerenuM Adhipatya atre jovAmAM AvyuM che. bhIla mAMDalika zAsana paNa rahyuM che. eka hajAra varSa uparAMtano itihAsa upalabdha thAya che. aitihAsika, sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika saMbaMdhothI A pradeza gujarAta sAthe nAto dharAvato rahelo che. doDheka hajAra varSa pUrve gujarAta ane vAgaDa samAna bhASA-bhASI tathA eka ja sattA heThaLa rahyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. vAgaDa pradeza traNa che - 1. kacchavAgaDa 2. DuMgarapura-vAMsavADAno vAgaDa ane 3. bIkAnera najIka hAMsI hissAra sudhIno vAgaDa pradeza. 23.15thI 24.1 uttara akSAMza ane 73.15 thI 74.25' pUrvadezAntara vacce yelo 4000 varga mIlano vistAra dharAve che. vIseka lAkhanI vastI dharAvatA A kSetranI bhASA 'vAgaDI bolI che. vArbaTa, vAgaTa, vagaDa, vaiyAgaDa ane vAsvara jevA nAmo vi.saM. 1030thI jovA maLe che. paurANika rAjA veNanA vaMzajo AdivAsI-meNA-bhIlonuM atre bAhulya rahyuM che. bhIlamAMDalika zAsana paNa raheluM mAluma paDyuM che. A pradezanI mukhya bhASA vAgaDI bolI-no uddagama apabhraMzathI che. gujarAtI sAthe teno nikaTatama saMbaMdha rahela che. vAgaDI bolI gujarAtI tathA bhIlI bolI-nA setu nuM kAma kare che. jyAre pazcima mAravADamAM gurjara pratihAronI sattA hatI tyAre apabhraMzanA eka viziSTa prakArano tyAM vikAsa thayo hato. mevAta, TUMDhADIno pradeza (jayapura), hADautInA kSetra (koTa), mAlavano pradeza (mAlavadeza), nimADIno bhUbhAga (ma.pra.), mevADa, vAgaDa (sArasvata maMDala) ane saurASTramAM eka samAna apabhraMza vyApaka svarUpamAM bolAtI hatI. gujarAtanA cAlukya rAjAonuM uttara gujarAta para zAsana zarU thatAM pUrve pazcima mAravADanA vizALa pradezanuM nAma gujarAta gujjarattA (saM. gurjaratrA) hatuM. te pradezanI apabhraMzanuM nAma gaurjara hatuM jeno saMbaMdha paMjAbanI hakka apabhraMza sAthe ghaniSTa hato. cAlukya rAjAonA samayamAM uttara gujarAta mATe gujarAta saMjJA zarU thaI ane kAlAntare pazcima mAravADanI gujarAta saMjJA dUra thaI gaI. ane cAlukya rAjAonA pradeza mATe rUDha thatI gaI. paraMtu bhASAno saMbaMdha upara jaNAvyA saghaLA pradezomAM samAna hato. jo ke prAntIya vibhAgomAM vibhakta thato gayo. I.sa.nI 14mI sadInA aMta bhAga sudhI AvI ja sthiti banI rahI hatI. te samaye mAravADI, suMDhADI, mevAtI, hADautI, nimADI ane gujarAtI potapotAnA pradezomAM maryAdita thatI jatI jovA maLe che. DaoN. essItorIe pazcimI rAjasthAnanA vyAkaraNanI TippaNIo lakhI temAM je svarUpa AvyuM che te mAravADI, gujarAtInuM sammilita mAnIne ApyuM che. tyAM uparyukta graMthomAMthI mAtra pAMca tatkAlIna mAravADInA che ane ogaNIsa gujarAtI pradhAna che. ane banne te samaya sudhI bhASA nahi paraMtu bolIo ja hatI. bIjA pradezomAMthI phakta TuMDhADInAM graMtho maLe che. temAM jayapuranA pradezanI suMDhADInuM prAMtIya rUpa spaSTa dekhAya che. anya pradezonA graMtha jovAmAM nathI AvyA paraMtu te pradezonI bolIonA svarUpanuM adhyayana karatAM te kALamAM eka svarUpa hovAnuM jaNAya che. eka nAma ApavuM hoya to gujara-bhAkhA athavA rAjasthAnI ApI zakAya. A tamAma bolIonuM eka ja kuLa che, jemAM vAgaDI gujarAtI tathA bhIlIne joDatI kaDInuM kAma karatI ane gujarAtI sAthe nikaTano nAto dharAvatI bolI che. prAcIna samayamAM vAgaDano vistAra uttaramAM mevADanA pArasolA, somanadInA pele pAra caMDAnA sAMbara, mevalanA jagatagAma ane karAvaDanA ATha gAma, chappananA jhADola ane varasAda, khaDaganA RSabhadeva ane pIpalI tathA nIcalI bhomaTanA bAvalAvADA; pazcimamAM gujarAtanA ghoDAdara (vijayanagara), pAla (polAM), IDara (sAbarakAMThA)nA * 11-sI, mahAvIrakRpA sosAyaTI, bhUyaMgadeva cAra rastA pAse, ghATaloDiyA, amadAvAda, pathikanaimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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morI, megharaja, devagadAghara (zAmaLAjI) ane moDAsA dakSiNamAM lUNAvADAnA pAnaravADA, kaDANAnA DhIMgalavADA, sthanAmUla stha ane rAyapura zahara (saMtarAmapura), paMcamahAlanA jhAloda lImaDI, mALavAmAM jhAbuAnA uttarI bhAga ane pUrvamAM mALavAnA sailAnA nA ghAMTA tathA dAhoda-ratalAma ane pratApagaDha-devaliyAnA keTalAka bhAga sudhI hato. Aje paNa mevADa - mAlavA - gujarAtanA sImAvartI kSetronA vAgaDamAM je te mizra bolI bolAya che. baso eka varSa upara vAgaDanA loko AjIvikA mATe gujarAtamAM AvatA temanA mATe relave sTezana ratalAma, dAhoda tathA taloda hatA. tyAMthI UMTa bhADe karIne agara pagapALA pravAsa karatA hatA. talodathI moDAsA thaI mevADAnI vATe DuMgarapura ane dAhodathI jhAloda-lImaDInI vATe vAMsavADA javAtuM hatuM. vyApArika saMbaMdha paNa vAgaDano gujarAta sAthe ja vadhAre hato. mevADa sAthe vANijaya saMbaMdha kama hato. mALavAnA indora ratalAma sAthe alpa vahevAra raheto. dAhoda - jhAloda - lImaDI, saMtarAmapura, megharaja, mAlapura, moDAsA, iDara himmatanagara, taloda (uttara gujarAta) sAthe vadhu saMbaMdha raheto hato. mahArASTramAM khAsa karIne muMbaI ane gujarAtanA amadAvAda, naDiyAda, vaDodarA, surata vagere sthaLoe javA AvavA mATe paNa upara varNavelA mArgo dvArA ja avarajavara thatI hatI. Arthika vyAvasAyika saMbaMdhonA lIdhe sAmAjika saMbaMdho paNa baMdhAyA-beTI-roTInI Apale thaI ane rIti rivAjonuM anusaraNa paNa thayuM. dhArmika lAgaNIo paNa eka samAna rahI. rAjanaitika cetanAmAM paNa paMcamahAlanA mANekalAla gAMdhI, amRtalAla Thakkara bApAnA prabhAvathI vAgaDamAM sevAsaMghanI sthApanA thaI (mAnagaDha kAMDa to itihAsanI 1857nI yAda ApatI ghaTanA che ja). sAbaramatInA gAMdhI Azramano prabhAva ane saMbaMdha DuMgarapura ane vAMsavADAnA vAgaDanA kAryakaratAo sAthe preraka ane AzrayasthAna jevo rahyo che. gujarAtanA solaMkI ane mALavAnA paramAronuM vAgaDa para Adhipatya rahyuM hoI saMbaMdha rahelo. I.sa. 1529 mAM vAgaDanA be bhAga thayA. mahIsAgara nadI vibhAjaka rekhA banI, pUrvano bhAga vAMsavADA rAjya ane pazcimano bhAga DuMgarapura rAjya banyo. Ama vAgaDa ane gujarAtano nAto prAcInakALathI gharobo dharAve che. AjhAdInI caLavaLamAM nAgapura, indora, amadAvAda, muMbaImAM vasatA vAgaDavAsIoe hoMzabhera bhAga lIdho ane AjhAdI pachI to muMbaI, nAgapura, surata, vaDodarA, amadAvAda vAgaDavAsIone rojI-roTI pUrI pADe che. muMbaImAM hoTalo-laoNjho calAvIne vAgaDavAsIo potAnuM peTa bhare che. muMbaInI koI galI ke mahollo evo nahi hoya ke jyAM vAgaDavAsI 'bhaTa' nahi hoya. amadAvAdamAM vAgaDiyA 'rAmA' loko paNa moTe bhAge vAgaDanA (kvacita mevADanA paNa) pravAsI loko che. surata, vaDodarA, amadAvAda jevA gujarAtanA moTA zaheromAM vAgaDanA rAmAM loko tathA pheriyA (radI chApA tathA bhaMgAra bheguM karanArA) loko moTI saMkhyAmAM che. gujarAta vAgaDanI jIvAdorI samAna che. gujarAtanI kamAI nahi hoya to ke vAgaDavAsI bhukhe mare tevI nobata Ave. udyoga dhaMdhA tathA mIlo-kArakhAnAomAM majurI karI pADozI vAgaDavAsI rojIroTI meLavavA uparAMta gujarAtavAsI paNa banI gayA che. lAkhonI saMkhyAmAM vAgaDanA mULa nivAsI loko gujarAtamAM TharIThAma thaI gayA che. vepAraudyogamAM paNa keTalAke jhaMpalAvyuM che, to ghaNA badhA buddhizALIo nokarI dhaMdhAmAM paNa parovAyA che. zikSaNakSetramAM bI.e., bI.eDa, thaI nokarImAM paNa joDAyA che. gujarAtamAM gujarAtI banI vaivAhika saMbaMdho paNa sthApita karyA che. uttara gujarAtanI rAjapUta kanyAo vAgaDamAM vizeSa paraNAvAI che. nAthadvArAnA zrInAthajInA bhakto gujarAtI vizeSa che. davAdArU ane ilAja arthe vAgaDanA loko moDAsA, himmatanagara, IDara ane amadAvAdane pasaMda kare che. relave tathA esa.TI.baso, prAIveTa baso-TrakonI sulabhatAne lIdhe vAgaDa sAthe gujarAtano vepAra vadhyo che. Ama Arogya, zikSaNa, vepAra, sAmAjika saMbaMdho tathA AdhyAtmika ane dhArmika bAbatomAM paNa vAgaDanA lokono gujarAta sAthe nikaTano saMbaMdha baMdhAyo che. morArI bApu ane AzArAma bApunAM pravacano vAgaDamAM yojAya che ane AzramonI zAkhAo paNa kholAI che. DuMgarapura vAMsavADAnA vAgaDa gujarAtano bhAga hovA chatAM rAjanaitika nakazAthI rAjasthAnano bhAga banAvAyo che. kAraNa ke rAjavaMzono saMbaMdha mevADa rAjasthAnathI kauTuMbika rahelo. vaLI rAjapUtAnA pradeza koMgresathI vAgaDanA prajAmaMDalo joDAyA hoI vAgaDane rAjasthAnamAM samAvI levAyo che. paraMtu bhASAkIya, sAmAjika, Arthika ane dhArmikaAdhyAtmika dRSTie gujarAtano vAgaDa sAthe ghaniSTa saMbaMdha rahelo che. pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lAladAsakRta vItaka dharamAbhAI vaNakara 'vinIta'* 'vItaka' sAhityanA uddagAtA svAmIzrI lAladAsajI che. jemanuM mULanAma lakSmaNa zeTha hatuM. porabaMdaramAM temano janma thayo hato. temanI kauTuMbika mAhitI saMpUrNa maLatI nathI. kahevAya che ke porabaMdaramAM Avela kIrtimaMdiranI bAjumAM praNAmI maMdira che. je temanuM mULa ghara hatuM. temano ThaThThAnagaramAM moTo vepAra hato. teo 99 jahAjo dharAvanAra prakhyAta vepArI hatA. tethI kAThiyAvADamAM eka nAmAMkita vepArI tarIke UMcI khyAti dharAvatA hatA. dharma tarapha temanI vizeSa ruci hatI. I.sa. 1972mAM temanAM vepArI jahAjo samudranA tophAnamAM DUbI gayAM. tethI temanA vepArane bhAre nukasAna thayuM. tyAre temanuM mana vepAramAMthI UThI gayuM. temanI pAse je kaMI saMpatti hatI te badhI ja saMpatti lokone vaheMcI daI mAyAvI saMsAranI javAbadArIomAMthI mukti laI pUrNabrahma paramAtmAmAM lIna banI gayA. teo mahAmati zrI prANanAthajInA caraNomAM samarpita thaI gayA. teo poteja mahAmati svarUpe banI gayA. tethI 'vItaka' graMtha para mahAmatinI chApa che. I.sa. 1667mAM mahAmati zrI prANanAthajI praNAmI saMpradAyanoM pracAra karatA ThaThThAnagaramAM padhAryA. temanuM pravacanavANI sAMbhaLavA mAnava maherAmaNa UmaTato hato. e vAta caturadAsa brAhmaNa pAsethI temaNe sAMbhaLI hatI, tethI mahAmati tarapha prabhAvita thaI caturadAsa sAthe dharmasabhAmAM gayA. tyAM mahAmatizrI prANanAthajInAM darzana karyAM. dharmasabhAmAM mahAmatijIe divya paramadhAmanI vAta karI, to lakSmaNa zeThanAM aMtaHcakSu UghaDI gayAM. temaNe mahAmatizrI prANanAthajI pAsethI tAratamamaMtranI dIkSA lIdhI ne ziSya banI zrIkRSNa praNAmI dharma yAne zrI nijAnaMda saMpradAya aMgIkAra karyo. pachI to hindu dharmanAM aneka rahasyo prApta karyAM. prAraMbhamAM to porabaMdaramAM dharmapracAra karatA rahyA. porabaMdaramAM pU. gAMdhIjI ane kastUrabAnA gharanI najIka temanuM ghara hatuM, je Aje praNAmI maMdira tarIke vidyamAna che. vi.saM. 1729mAM mahAmaMgalapurI, suratamAM zrI prANanAthajIe potAnA dharmapremI sAtha sahita bhAratamAM dharmapracAra karavAno nizcaya karyo, tyAre lAladAsajI paNa dharmapracAramAM joDAIne sAthe ja rahyA. je aMtima samaya sudhI dharmapracAramAM lIna banI rahyA. tethI 'vItaka'mAM kahyuM che ke lAladAsa saMga cale, khAlI leke hAtha / niHzase Akhara lo, cale zrI rAjake sAtha / tyArathI lAladAsajI zrI prANanAthajInA paramadhAmagamana sudhI chAyAnI mAphaka temanI sAthe rahyA. badhI ja rIte temano jamaNo hAtha banI rahyA. teo vizvAsapAtra ziSya ane sAthI hatA. mahAmatijI nAnI-moTI vAtomAM temanI saMmati meLavatA hatA. mahAmati zrI prANanAthajIe mughala bAdazAha auraMgajhebane dharmajJAna ApavA dhArmika satyAgraha samaye bAra ziSyone pasaMda karyA, jemAM agragaNya bhAga bhajavanAra lAladAsajI hatA. auraMgajhebanA maulavIo ane phakIro sAthenI carcAmAM lAladAsajIe 'kayAmata' ane 'imAma maheMdI' aMgenA javAba ApI prabhAvita karyA hatA. Ama teo kurAna graMthanA paNa vidvAna hatA. temanI dharmacarcA vANIthI vaiSNavo paNa prabhAvita thatA hatA. temaNe gopInAtha, sUracaMda, bhImajI, pItAMbarabhAI, kAnajIbhAI, lAlabAI vagerene tAratama maMtranI dIkSA ApI AtmAo jAgRta karI hatI. chatrasAla mahArAjAne zrI mahAmati tarapha AkarSavA lAladAsajI pote budelakhaMDanA mau nagaramAM gayA hatA. tyAre jaM zrI mahAmati prANanAthajI ane mahArAjA chatrasAlanuM milana zakya banyuM hatuM. temanI aneka bhASAonI jANakArI temanA sAhitya sarjanamAM dRzyamAna thAya che. siMdhI, kacchI, mAravADI, gujarAtI, hindI, vrajabhASA, saMskRta, phArasI, arabI bhASAonA jJAtA hatA. paraMtu temanA zikSaNa viSenI mAhitI prApta thatI nathI. temanI racanAo praNAmI saMpradAyamAM prasiddha che. vItaka, baDIvRtta, choTIvRtta, baDAmasaudA, zrImad * mu.po. zAmapura, tA. moDAsA (sA.kAM.) pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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| bhAgavata(anuvAda) vagere graMtho upalabdha che. jemAM 'vItaka' sAhitya uttama dhArmika divyagraMtha che. "vItaka' zabdano artha vRtta yA vRttAnta thAya che. prathamavAra khaDIbolImAM vItaka jIvanavRttanuM sarjana karI hindI sAhityane vItaka sAhityano prathama graMtha maLyo che. vItaka' graMthamAM mAnavane paramAtmA sAthe anubhUti karAvavAnuM prathama dhyeya che. eTale ke AtmAne jagAvavAnuM vItaka'nuM dhyeya che. eTale ja graMthamAM jaNAvyuM che - hada pAra behada, behada pAra akSara ? asara pAra vatana, jagiye Ina ghara che zrI nijAnaMda saMpradAyamAM "vItaka' graMthanuM vizeSa mahattva che. kAraNa ke jemAM dharmanA AdyasthApaka sagara zrI devacaMdrajI mahArAja ane dharmapravartaka zrI prANanAthajInA jIvanavRttAMtanuM varNana vItaka graMthamAM che. ahIM vItaka eTale saMpradAyano vItI gayelo vRttAMta je aitihAsika mAhitI pUrI pADe che. zrI prANanAthajInA dhAmagamananA bIjA divasathI saM. 17pa1 nA aSADha vada cothanA bIjA divasathI vItaka lekhana zarU karyuM. je bhAdaravA vada AThamanA divase pUrNa thAya che. tethI praNAmI maMdiromAM A samaya daramiyAna A graMthanuM zraddhApUrvaka pArAyaNa thAya che. tenA para carcAvANI thAya che. je graMtha zrI devacaMdrajI mahArAja ane zrI prANanAthajInA siddhAMtonI sanada che. A vItaka graMthamAM 73 prakaraNa ane 4377 copAIo che. jIvanavRttAMto uparAMta dharmarahasya pragaTa thAya che. A graMtha sarvadharmasamanvayamAM vizvAsa rAkhe che. 59 prakaraNomAM zrI prANanAthajInI pannA (ma.pra.) sudhInI dharmapracArayAtrA ane dhAmagamananI vigatonuM varNana che. graMthanA prAraMbhamAM maMgalAcaraNamAM satayuga, tretAyuga, dvAparayuga ane kaliyuganA rAjAonAM nAmono ullekha, mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAo temaja zrIkRSNa, zrI devacaMdrajI ane zrI prANanAthajInuM vizeSa mahattvanuM varNana che. aitihAsika ghaTanAo varNavI che. jAmanagara para kAbakhAnuM AkramaNa, avaraMga ane jasavaMtasiMha rAThoDanI kAbUla para caDhAI. prANanAthajInuM auraMgajheba sAme dharmayuddha rANA para caDhAI vagere aitihAsika ghaTanAo che. Ama vyaktio, prasaMgo ane sthAna jotAM aitihAsika dRSTie pramANita graMtha che. dhArmika dRSTie joIe to paramadhAma, vraja ane rAsalIlAnuM varNana che. jethI dharmagraMtha tarIke pUjanIya che. maMgalAcaraNamAM bhaviSyapurANanI sAkSI ApI che bhaviSyapurANa me, rAjA kahe juga cAra ? vacana jo hai vyAsa ke, tAko karo vicAra // Ama, vItaka graMthamAM itihAsano ane adhyAtmano saMgama thayo che. vItaka' graMthamAM lokakalyANa ane lokamaMgalano saMdeza rahyo che. navuM caitanyasabhara jIvana jIvavAnI preraNA vItaka' graMthano eka eka zabda Ape che. 'vItaka' graMtha to brahmalIlAnuM darpaNa che. brahmAnaMdanI anubhUti karAvavA mATe paramadhAmanI akhaMDalIlAnI jhalaka ApI che. jemAM mAnavIya zikSaNa ane mAnavatAvAdI daSTikoNa dazyamAna thAya che. jenA ciMtana-mananathI ane adhyayanathI udAtta bhAvanAo pragaTa thAya che. divya paramadhAmathI avatarita brahmAtmAonI lIlAonuM pratyakSa ne pramANita AtmavRttAMta vyakta thAya che. vItaka graMthanI bhASAzailI bodhagamya che, atizayokti rahita che. bhASA saraLane sahaja che. khaDIbolIne vrajabhASAnA zabdaprayogo che. ADaMbara vinAnI bhASA che. zabdonI AkarSakatA ane chaMdabaddha racanA che. upadezAtmaka vANI che. jJAna ane bhaktinuM sAhitya rahyuM che. copAIo ageya che. je samagra padyasAhitya svarUpa che. AjanA saMgharSa sabhara sAMprata samayamAM comera azAMti, azistane ajaMpo vartAya che. dhArmika mUlyono hAsa thato jAya che. aparAdhavRttio ane gunAhita kRtyo jevI vikRtio upasatI jAya che. mAnava mAnavane trIsa herAna kare che. zraddhAnuM zoSaNa thaI rahyuM che. parasparanA mAnava vyavahAro ane saMbaMdho khaMDita banatA jAya che. saMskRtimAM vikRti pedA thaI rahI che. arpaNa, tarpaNa ne samarpaNanI bhAvanA lupta thatI jAya che. aMdhazraddhAo, ADaMbara ane arAjakatA phelAtI jAya che, tyAre jarUra che dhArmika graMthonuM vAcana-ciMtananI mAnavajIvanamAM zAnti, sukha, saMpannatAne salAmatI. mATe AvA divyagraMthonuM adhyayana upayogIne mArgadarzaka banI rahe che. "vItaka' graMtha A daSTie mUlyavAna graMtha che. tyAre vItaka graMthanA udagAtA svAmIzrI lAladAsajIne koTI koTI praNAma karIe. saMdarbha graMtha : - "vItaka' - lAladAsakRta graMtha. pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zAhajAdA dArAzikohanI vyathA-kathA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prA. pradyumna. bI. khAcarax zAhajahAMno sauthI moTo putra dArAzikoha hato. tenI vyathAkathA ane vidvatAne meM A laghunibaMdhamAM AlekhavAno namra prayatna karyo che. temAM dArAnA bALapaNa, rajhaLapATa, vidvattA kuTuMbanA sabhya tarIkenA ane aMtima divasone AlekhavAmAM AvyA che. dArAno janma I.sa. 1615mAM ajameramAM thayo hato. dArAnA bAlyakALamAM zAhajahAMe tenA zikSaNanI yogya vyavasthA karI hatI. 18 varSanA dArAne zAhajahAMe I.sa. 1533mAM 12 hajAra jATa ane 6 hajAra savArano manasabadAra banAvyo hato. AgaLa tenI padonnati karI I.sa. 1957mAM te 60 hajAra jATa ane 40 hajAra savArano manasabadAra banI gayo hato. dArA, sujA, murAda, auraMgajheba e cAra bhAIo hatA. zAhajAdA dArAnuM bALapaNa khUba ja jAhojalAlImAM vItyuM tyAre vaLI mughala sAmrAjya paNa Toca kakSAe pahoMcyuM hatuM. I.sa. 195354mAM zAhajahAMe eka moTo jalaso UjavI dArAzikohane zAhabulaMda ikabAlanI upAdhi ApI. je upAdhi jahAMgIranA kALamAM zAhajahAMnI hatI, sAthe A samaye sonAnI kazIdAvALI peTI bheTa ApI. jyAre tenA zarIra upara 1 lAkha 60 hajAranAM AbhUSaNo ane kapaDAM paherelAM hatAM. A pozAka e samayanI samRddhi ane bhabhakAnI cADI khAya che. atyAra sudhI dArAzikoha zAhI siMhAsana sAme khurazI upara besato hato. have tannanI barAbara te eka sonAnI khurazI upara besato hato. dArA paMjAbamAM 1647mAM, gujarAtamAM 1649mAM ane mulatAnamAM 1652mAM ane kAbUlamAM subedAra pade paNa rahyo hato. dArAzikoha zarUAtamAM sUphI saMpradAya tarapha DhaLyo hato. bhAratamAM sUphI saMpradAyanA cAra prakAra che (1) suharA vardiyA (2) ciztiyA (3) kAdariyA (4) nakhzabaMdiyA. A sUphI saMpradAye sArA muslima vidvAno ane saMto ApyA. temAMthI ciztiyA saMpradAyamAMthI oliyA nijhAmuddIna, amIra khuzaro jyAre kAdariyA saMpradAyano anuyAyI dArA zikoha hato. te akabaranI udAra mAnavIya nItino samarthaka banyo paNa tenAmAM akabaranA rAjanaitika guNo tathA kauzalano abhAva hato. phUTanItine kapaTa tenAmAM hatAM nahIM je e yugamAM rAjataMtra calAvavA jarUrI hatuM. te dArAzikoha na zIkhyo ke na yogyatA keLavI. tenA hisAbe pote dilhInI gAdI upara besavAne badale rajhaLapATamAM herAna thayo ane talavAranA jhATake kapAvuM paDyuM. Ama to zAhajahAMne khyAla ja hato ke mArA cAreya putro vacce vaimanasya che. temAM dArA ane auraMgajhebane to jarAya banatuM nahIM tethI dUraMdezI vicAra karI zAhajahAM auraMgajhebane sAmrAjyamAM dUranA pradezamAM sUbA tarIke dUra ja rAkhato hato. jyAre dArAne rAjakAjanA kAmathI paricita karAvavA satata potAnI pAse ja rAkhato hato. paraMtu zAhajahAMe dArA pratye eTalo badho sneha batAvyo ke teNe tenI kArakirdI bagADI. bAdazAhe tene eTalA badhA adhikAra ane UMcA hodA daI rAkhyA hatA ke te samrATathI ocho na hato. ane bAdazAha sudhI pahoMcavA badhAne dArAnI kRpA meLavavI paDatI. na dArAzikoha asAdhAraNa vidvAna hato. ane vidvAno sUphIsaMtono Azika hato. te vedAMta darzanano parama upAsaka hato. eNe rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, 50 jeTalAM upaniSado, bhagavadgItA, purANo, yogavAziSThane phArasImAM anuvAdo karAvyA hatA. * adhyakSa,- itihAsa vibhAga, DaoN. subhASa mahilA kaoNleja, jUnAgaDha pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 = 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dArAe banArasamAM keTalAMka varSa saMskRtanA abhyAsa mATe vyatIta karyA hatAM. teNe karAvelA upaniSadanA graMthonA anuvAdoe bagadAda ane istaMbula, yuropa sudhI jaIne tyAMnA vidvAnone prabhAvita karyA hatA. dArAzikohe pote je upaniSadono anuvAda karyo. te "rsira-I-akabara" nAme oLakhAto ane upaniSadonA nicoDarUpa "opanikhata" nAmano graMtha phArasImAM lakhAvyo. A opanikhata dvArA ja jarmana dArzanika zopanaharane bhAratIya darzanano paricaya thayo. ane jarmanImAM bhAratIya darzana jANavAnI jijJAsA thaI hatI temAM zAhajAdA dArAzikohanA graMthano amUlya phALo hato. zAhajAdA dArAnA A bhAratIya graMthonA anuvAdathI muslimone bhAratIya darzana ane bIjI anya vidyAonI jANakArI maLI hatI, zAhajahAMnA darabAramAM kavIndrAcAryanuM svAgata ane sanmAna thayuM hatuM, je kavIndrAcArya uccakoTinA yogI ane vArANasInA prasiddha paMDita hatA ane mahArAjA jayasiMhanA putranA zikSaNa kAryanA guru hatA. je dArAnA paNa gara banyA hatA. dArAe te gara kavandrAcAryane saMskRtamAM eka patra lakhI kavIndrAcAryanI zaMkarAcArya tathA anya prAcIna guo sAthe tulanA karI hatI. jemAM dArAnA saMskRtanA prabhutva ane potAnI vidvattA ane tulana zaktinAM darzana thAya che. dArAzikohe "majUda-ula-baharina" nAmano eka graMtha lakhyo hato. jemAM teNe islAma ane hiMdudharmanA vicArono samanvaya batAvyo che. jo ke e yuganA kaTTara vAtAvaraNane hisAbe ane dArAnA A graMthanA prabhAvane bhUMsI nAkhavA ane teno javAba ApavA phatavA-I-AlamagIrInI racanA karavAmAM AvI hatI jene kAraNe sUphImatane joradAra phaTako paDyo hato. dArAnI aMdarakhAne evI icchA hatI ke islAma ane hiMdutvanI vacce koI sthAyI sAmaMjasya utpanna thAya." * dArA zikohane jJAna ane vidvAnonA saMge evo sAva Rju ane samadarzI banAvI dIdho hato ke tenI aMgUThI para nAgarI akSaromAM prabhu zabda aMkita raheto hato. ATalI sahiSNutA eka mughala bAdazAhanA putramAM jJAnanI ArAdhanAne hisAbe AvI hatI. tema kahuM to kAMI atizayokti nahIM gaNAya. A aMgUThI jevA kAraNone lIdhe kaTTara musalamAna tene kAphira ane mulahiMda kahevA lAgyA hatA. te pAdarI brazanI vAto zraddhApUrvaka sAMbhaLato hato ane IsAI dharmanA graMtha bAIbalane khUba ruci sAthe sAMbhaLato hato. teNe islAma, hiMdu, IsAI dharmanA graMthonuM adhyayana karyuM tyAre te badhA dharmonA pramukha siddhAMtone jANI teno daSTikoNa udArane udAra banato gayo hato. jo ke rAjanItimAM AvA udAra daSTikoNa badhI ja bAbatomAM saphaLa thavAmAM ghaNIvAra nukazAnarUpa thAya che evo dArAnA jIvana uparathI ApaNane khyAla Ave che. dArA niraMtara darabAramAM samrATa najIka rahevAne kAraNe cApalUsIpriya ane vilAsapriya akarmaNya ane sainya saMcAlanamAM anubhavahIna hato. teNe mAtra eka ja yuddhamAM bhAga lIdho hato. vaLI pAcho sAhitya ane sUphIvAdano cAhaka banyo tenA hisAbe rAjanItimAM niSphaLa nIvaDyo. zAhajahAMe potAnI tabiyatane naramagarama pANI pote aMtima icchA jAhera karI ke dArAne bAdazAha mAnI teno hukama mAnavo. paraMtu dArAe gAdIe besavA utAvaLa karI nahIM tyAM to zAhajahAMne auraMgajhebe caDAI karI keda karI dIdho pote ja bAdazAha banyo. e rIte sujA ane murAde paNa potAno rAjyAbhiSeka karI lIdho hato. tyAre dArAe vivaza thaIne paNa potAnA ja bhAIo sAthe yuddha karavAnI pharaja paDI hatI. dArA ane auraMgajhebanA sainyo sAmagaDhamAM (AgrA pAse) sAmasAme AvI gayA ane e yuddhamAM dArA ghavAtAM sainikone thayuM ke te mRtyu pAmyo che. tyAre zAhI phojamAM bhaMgANa paDyuM ane bhAgyahIna dArA ekalo ja rahyo ane raNakSetramAMthI AjhA AvI gayo. tyAM eka makAnamAM potAnA nokaro sAthe chUpAyo hato. tyAM zAhajahAMe saMdezo mokalyo ke te killAmAMthI AvI mane maLe. paraMtu te vakhate dArA eTalo badho zarIra ane manathI bhAMgI gayo hato ke teNe e prastAvano asvIkAra karatAM kahyuM ke "huM AvI durdazAmAM tyAM AvI zuM moTuM batAvuM mane lAMbI yAtrAnA vidAyanA AzIrvAda Apo. pathika raimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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have te AgrAthI dilhI gayo. 5 jUna, 1858nA divase dilhI pahoMcatAM tenI phoja 5 hajAranI thaI gaI. tyAMthI te 3 julAI, 1658nA roja lAhora pahoMcyo tyAre teNe ra0 hajAranI phoja ekaThI karI lIdhI hatI. A pagale pagale je auraMgajhebanI senA pAchaLa pIcho karI rahI hatI. dArAe potAnA bhAI sujAne patra lakhyo ane pratijJA karI ke dezane jItI ApaNe bhAga vaheMcI laIzuM. A patra paNa dArA zikohanI baMdhutAnI bhAvanA ane yuddha nahIM paNa sumeLathI rahevAnuM jaNAve che. dArA zikoha have mulatAna pahoMcyo tyAMthI bhaphakhara, sehavAna thaI kacchanI khADImAM thaI bhUja nave., 1658mAM pahoMcyo. bhUjamAM dArAe kacchamAM rUpiyA ane jhaverAta daI teNe kacchanA jamInadAraneM sagA banAvI zAhajAdA sipIhara zikohanI sagAI te jamInadAranI putrI sAthe karI. bhUjamAM dArAzikoha je sthaLe rahelo te sthAna Aje paNa dArAvADI nAme jANItuM che.'' bhUjathI dArA navAnagara (jAmanagara) thaI amadAvAda Avyo. e samaye dArAe surata, khaMbhAta, bharUca baMdara ane AsapAsanA pradeza upara kabajo karI lIdho. suratathI tene 30thI 40 topa maLI. ajamera gayo tyAM jasavaMtasiMhano saMdezo maLyo paNa sahAyatAnI koI AzA phaLI nahIM. ajamera pAse auraMgajheba ane dArAnI laDAI thaI tyAre dArA vijayI zatrune joI pAcho tyAMthI sipIhara zikoha ane potAnI patnI tathA putrIo sAthe amadAvAda tarapha bhAgyo. vacce potAnI strIonAM AbhUSaNo sahita ghaNuM badhuM luMTAI gayuM. tyAre amadAvAdathI be koza dUra kaTI (kaDI) nAmanA sthaLe kAnajI koLIe sahAya karI ane dArAne kaccha sudhI pahoMcADyo. vidhinI vicitratA to juo potAnA vevAI evA kacchanA jamInadAre dArAne A muzkelImAM kaMI madada na karI, kAraNa ke te jamInadArane ema hatuM ke ApaNe dIkarI paraNAvI bAdazAha zAhajahAMnA sagA thaI dilhI sudhI lAgavagavALA banI jaIe paNa pachI khyAla Avyo ke A dArA to dilhInA bAdazAhathI bhAgato phare che tyAre moM pheravyuM tyAre azrupUrNa netre potAnA bhAgyane doSa deto bhakkaDa tarapha javA nIkaLyo. dArAzikohane auraMgajhebanI ATalI potAnI pAchaLa zodhakhoLa ane sattA chatAM tAja ane tanna meLavavAnI AzA hatI. kaMdahAra ane irAna vacce dArAnI patnI nAdirAbegamanuM pecisanA kAraNe ane auSadhi ane vizrAmanA abhAve mRtyu thayuM.12 je nAdirAnI icchA hiMdustAnamAM potAne daphanAvavAnI hatI. te icchA adhUrI rahI. gulamahamade tene tyAM lAhoramAM daphanAvI. dArAzikoha have mAtra thoDAka aMgata nokarInA sahAre ja hato. evA samaye malika jIvane dago karI yukti karI dArAne pakaDAvI dIdho. teNe yukti karI hatI ke huM tArI sAthe irAna AvuM chuM paraMtu adhavacce kahe huM khorAka pANInI AgaLa vyavasthA karI tyAM betraNa divasamAM maLIza ema kahI gayo ane malikajIvane bahAdUrakhA ane auraMgajhebane patra lakhI jaNAvyuM ke meM dArAzikohane pakaDI lIdho che. dArAne moTAbhAge badhI ja jagyAe AvA dagAo ja thayA che. eTale meM tene abhAgI zAhajAdo kahyo che. 9 jUna, 1659nA roja putra sipIhara zikoha ane be putrIo sAthe pakaDAyo hato.' A banne pitAputrane gaMdI koTaDImAM pUryA. saMsAranA sauthI moTA sAmrAjyanA uttarAdhikArI phATelAM melAM kapaDAM ane gaMdI pAghaDImAM sajja hato. zarIra upara hIrAmANekanI mALAone badale pagamAM beDIo hatI eTalo pharaka hato. dArAzikoha rAjanItimAM niSphaLa nIvaDyo cokkasa lAge. tenuM kAraNa kadAca vadhAre paDatI bhAvukatA ane sUphImatano anuyAyI ane pitAnI rakhAvaTa javAbadAra hoI zake. pitAnA vadhu premanA kAraNe dArAne khUba nukazAna thayuM. jadunAtha sarakAra lakhe che ke dArAmAM manuSyacaritrane oLakhavAnI AvaData na hatI. dArAe zAhajahAMnI khUba sevA karI hatI. pitAnI mAMdagI vakhate rAtadivasa pathArI pAse besI sevA karI tyAre zAhajahAMnI icchA chatAM siMhAsane besavAnI utAvaLa karI na hatI. te kuTuMbaprema bhAvanA batAve che. pathika, naimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dArAne potAnA bhAIo pratye paNa jarAya rAgadveSa hato nahIM. teNe je sujAne patra lakhyo che temAM ane rozanaArAnI samajAvaTa bAda te badhuM jotAM te laDavA icchato ja na hato. aMte auraMgajhebanA vartana ane yuddha sAme AvI paDeluM joI vivaza thaIne yuddhamAM Utaryo hato. dArAzikoha eka pati tarIke pitA tarIke saphaLa rahyo hato. potAnI begama nAdirA haMmezA tenI sAthe ja rahI ane kaMdahAra pAse rajhaLapATamAM ja mRtyu pAmI. ane putra sipIhara zikoha haMmezA sAthe ja rahyo ane pakaDAyo paNa sAthe ja ane aMte gvAliyaranA killAmAM keda thayo hato. laMDanamAM inDiyA oNphisanA pustakAlayamAM eka suMdara kalAtmaka mughala citronuM eka Alabama che te Alabamane dArAe potAnI anurakata saMginI nAdirAbegamane arpaNa karyuM che, ane dArAe enA para svayaM lakhyuM che ke A Alabama dArAzikoha dvArA tenI samIpatama ane priyatama mitra nAdirAbegamane hijarI varSa 1051 (I.sa. 1641)mAM arpaNa karyuM. * A Alabama dArAnA premanuM karuNa smAraka che. A AlabamanI vAta ja dArAno patnI prema batAve che. dArAzikoha malika jIvananA dagAne lIdhe potAnA putra ane be putrIo sAthe pakaDAyo tyAre dArA ane tenA putrane auraMgajheba sAme rajU karavAmAM AvyA. pachI A pitAputrane beDI paherAvI hAthI upara besADI cAMdanI coka ane bajAramAM pheravI jUnI dilhImAM khijarAbAdamAM keda karyA dArAne IslAma dharma choDI devAnA ane tenI niMdAnA Aropasara ane hiMduo tarapha DhaLelo hovAno gaNI dharmaguruoe tenA mRtyudaMDanA pharamAna upara sapTe., 1659mAM sahIo karI. pachI dArAne najarabega ane anyagulAme khavAsapurAmAM dArAnA TukaDeTukaDA karI nAMkhyA.1pa dArAnA e zarIrane hAthI upara rAkhI nagaramAM pheravyuM, ekavAra jIvato pachI dArAne marelo paNa dilhIvAsIne auraMgajhebe batAvyo. tyArabAda tene dilhImAM AvelA humAyunA makabarAmAM kabara nIcenA guMbajamAM tahakhAnAmAM abhAgI zAhajahAM mughala sAmrAjyanA uttarAdhikArI vagara bAdazAha banyuM tyAM dilhInI mATImAM maLI gayo. barniyara lakhe che ke dareka jagyAe dArAnA durbhAgya para badhA rotA ane kakaLatA hatA. zAhajAdA dArA zikohane bhAgye ja sAtha Apyo hota to bIjo mahAna akabara te cokkasa banI zakata paNa vidhie kaMIka judA ja prakArano hiMdustAnano bAdazAha nakkI karyo hato. dilhInA siMhAsane auraMgajheba jevo kaTTara bAdazAha Avyo ne jenI dhArmika nIti ane dakSiNa nItinA hisAbe ja mughala sattAnA pAyA hacamacI gayA. jo ke islAmIoe dArAne bhale mRtyudaMDa islAmanA virodhI tarIke Apyo hoya. paraMtu dArAe islAmanA jarUrI siddhAMtonI kyAreya avagaNanA karI na hatI. teNe phakta sUphIvAdanA vyApaka siddhAMto pratye Adara ane vizvAsa pragaTa karyo hato. tenI bahena jahAnarA paNa dArAne potAno AdhyAtmika guru mAnatI hatI. dArAnI dhArmika racanA- omAM paNa kaMI islAma pratyenI avagaNanA dekhAtI nathI. teNe muslima saMtonA jIvanacaritrono saMgraha karyo hato. tene vizvadevavAdI darzanamAM vizvAsa hato. teNe tAlamada, bAIbala, muslima, sUphI ane hiMdu vedAMtano abhyAsa karyo hato. te kadAca guru nAnaka, kabIra, mahAmati prANanAtha jema hiMdu muslima dharmono samanvaya karavA icchato hato. AvA mahAna zAhajAdAno bhayaMkara karuNa aMta Avyo enI vAta itihAsanA pAne haju DasakAM bharI rahI che. janmAMtaravAdanA siddhAMtAnusAra dArAne akabarano avatAra gaNI zakAya. jo ke akabaranI vIratA karmaThatA ane adhyavasAyathI vihIna hato. te jyAre gavarnara banyo tyAre te ilAkAmAM kyAreya na gayo. dilhImAM besI pustako vAMcavAnuM tenuM sauthI moTuM kAma rahyuM hatuM. bhAratamAM Avela videzayAtrI manucIe dArAzikohanA caritranA viSayamAM lakhyuM che ke tenAmAM AcaraNanI sabhyatA, rUpalAvaNya, prasannatA, vAvinamratA, bhASaNavidagdhatA anupama svataMtratA, udAratA, dayALutA ane ucca koTInuM Atmagaurava hatuM. A e samaye AvelA videzayAtrInA zabdo dvArA ja dArA zikohanuM mUlyAMkana karI zakAya che. jo te bhAratano samrATa banyo hota to bhAratano itihAsa kaMIka judo jarUra hota. pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAdaTIpa 1. luNiyA bI.ena., 'mughalakAlIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika evam sAMskRtika itihAsa' ujaina, pR. 811 2. inAyatakhAM 'zAhajahAMnAmA' (iliyaTa enDa DAusana), AgrA, pR.75 3. dinakara rAmadhArIsiMha, 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya', dilhI, pR.255 4. parIkha pI.sI., 'bhAratano sAMskRtika itihAsa', amadAvAda, pR. 4677 5. devalUka, naMdalAla, 'bRhada gujarAtanI asmitA' (sAM.saM.graMtha), bhAvanagara, pR. 333, 6. parIkha, pI.sI., 'bhAratano sAMskRtika itihAsa', amadAvAda, pR. 530 7. paNikkara, ke. ema., 'bhAratIya itihAsa kA sarvekSaNa', kalakattA, pR. 181 8. dinakara, rAmadhArIsiMha, 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya', dilhI, pR. 310 ke 9. sarakAra, jadunAtha, 'auraMgajheba', muMbaI, pR. 95 10. muhammada khAphIkhA muntakhaba-ula-lubAba-(iliyaTa DAusana) - pR. 164 11. rAThoDa, rAmasiMhajI, 'kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana', amadAvAda, pR. 202 12. luziyA, bI.ena., uparyukata, pR. 831 13. sarakAra, jadunAtha, 'auraMgajheba', muMbaI, pR. 102 14. luNiyA, bI. ena., uparyukta, pR. 831 15. sarakAra, jadunAtha 'auraMgajheba', muMbaI, pR. 104 pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 20 19 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAjasudhAraka ane svAtaMtrya senAnI lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI DaoN. jayakumAra ra. zukla* kacchanA loko prAcIna samayathI IrAnI akhAtanA dezo, arabastAna, zrIlaMkA, jAvA sumAtrA, cIna kaMboja vagere dezo sAtheno vepAra kheDatA AvyA che. sadIo pahelAM AvI kArakirdI ati kaThina hatI. chatAM teo sAhasa kheDIne dUra dUranA dezo ane pradezomAM jaMtA hatA. evI rIte kacchathI muMbaI jaI vaselA ane potAnA parizrama, buddhi ane sAhasathI zrImaMta ane nAmAMkita thayelA monajI bhANajI, jIvarAja bAla, rAmajI catura, gokaLadAsanA pitA tejapALa, rAmadAsa bhANajI vagere mukhya hatA. evI rIte lakSmIdAsa terasanA pUrvajo kacchathI muMbaI jaIne vasyA hatA. lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI muMbaInA zrImaMta vepArI uparAMta samAja sudhAraka, rASTrabhakta ane svAtaMtrya senAnI hatA. lakSmIdAsano janma 23 mI oNkTobara, 1876nA roja kacchI bhATiyA hiMdu kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. temanuM mULa nAma dhArasI ThAkarasI hemarAja hatuM. temanA mAsA ravajI terasI dhanavAna parivAranA hatA. muMbaImAM temano vepAra ghaNo sAro cAlato hato. paraMtu temane saMtAna nahotuM. tethI temaNe A bALakanI hoMziyArI joIne temane dattaka lIdhA ane te lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI banyA. mAsA pAse aDhaLaka saMpatti hovAthI lakSmIdAsano uchera vaibhava ane mojazokhathI thayo hato. temaNe muMbaI yunivarsiTImAMthI I.sa. 1899mAM bI.e.nI parIkSA pAsa karI, te samaye ATalo abhyAsa karanAranI saMkhyA ghaNI ochI hatI. lakSmIdAse ema.e.no abhyAsa zarU karyo. abhyAsanAM be varSa pUrAM karyo. paraMtu pote mAMdA paDyA ane parIkSA ApI zakyA nahi, temaNe abhyAsa choDI dIdho. paraMtu AjIvana abhyAsanI Teva jALavI rAkhI. teo phrenca sAhitya sahita vividha viSayonuM vAcana karatA hatA. vaoNlTera ane rUso sahita te samayanA prasiddha lekhakonAM pustako temaNe vAMcyAM hatAM. aDhAramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM tathA ogaNIsamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM A baMne lokapriya lekhakonA vicArono yuropanA ziSTa samAja para UMDo prabhAva paDyo hato. tatkAlIna samAjanA kurivAjo tathA dhArmika bAbatomAM AcaravAmAM AvatI gerarItionI jhATakaNI kADhatAM volTerano kaTAkSamaya lakhANono UMDo prabhAva lakSmIdAsa para paNa paDyo hato. gujarAtamAM durgArAma mahetAjI, karasanadAsa mULajI, mahIpatarAma rUparAma, kavi narmadAzaMkara jevA samAjasudhArakonI pravRttiothI muMbaI, amadAvAda, surata vagere gujarAtI samAja sArI peThe jAgRta thavA lAgyo hato. lakSmIdAsa paNa sudhArAvAdI hatA. potAnI jJAtinA sudhArako ane pragatizIlonI saMsthA "bhATiyA, mitramaMDaLa'mAM lakSmIdAsa joDAyA. temaNe A saMsthA taraphathI "pola patrikA' pragaTa karavA mAMDI. temAM jJAtinA loko dvArA AcaravAmAM AvatA kurivAjo, daMbha, durAcAra, aniSTo tathA chetarapiMDI jAhera karI dIdhAM. temanI kalamanI kaThoratA tathA kaTAkSamaya ane kaDaka AlocanAyukta zailIthI jJAtinA netAo krodhe bharAyA ane A yuvAna sudhArakanI 'vAMdhAjanaka pravRttio AgaLa vadhatI rokI devA tatpara thayAM. 'polapatrikA'nI viruddha adAlatamAM mukadamo dAkhala karavAmAM Avyo, paraMtu tenAthI kaMI phera paDyo nahi. chevaTe lakSmIdAse potAnI rUpiyA pAMca lAkhanI milakatanA dastAveja jAmInagIrI mATe ApyA, chatAM jJAtinA netAo sAme AkSepo karavAnA che nahi. eka mANasa bIjAne halako mAnIne tenI sAthe aspRzyatA pALe te temane pasaMda nahotuM. narasiMha mahetA ane dayAnaMda sarasvatI aspRzyatAnA sakhata virodhI hatA. e mujaba muMbaImAM sara nArAyaNa caMdAvarakara tathA * nivRtta adhyakSa, ItihAsa vibhAga, ha.kA.ArTsa koleja, amadAvAda pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 20000 20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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viThThala rAmajI ziMdee aspRzyatA nivAraNa mATe abhiyAna AraMbhyuM tyAre sudhAraka valaNanA lakSmIdAsa temAM joDAI gayA. tenA phala svarUpe bhATiyA jJAtinA rUDhicusta AgevAno temanA upara ciDhAyA. temane jJAtimAMthI dUra karavAnI noTisa ApavAmAM AvI. tenuM asarakAraka pariNAma na AvavAthI jJAtie TharAva karIne temanI sAthenA sarve saMbaMdho kApI nAkhIne sAmAjika bahiSkAra karyo. aneka kaSTo sahana karIne baLavAkhora mijAjanA lakSmIdAsa pahADanI jema acaLa rahyA. AvA makkama manobaLanA pariNAme temanI pratiSThA vadhI, jJAtijanone protsAhana ApanAra dharmAcAryo narama paDyA. bhATiyA mahAjana maMDaLanI terasI viruddhanI pravRttio kramazaH baMdha paDI gaI. eka adAlatamAM potAnA vicAro pragaTa karatAM temaNe kahyuM hatuM ke, "huM koI jJAti ke saMpradAyamAM mAnato nathI. mAro koI dharma ke bhagavAna nathI. huM phakta hiMdu chuM." lokamAnya bALagaMgAdhara TiLaka ane zrImatI enI besanTe anukrame purNa ane cennAI(madrAsa)mAM alaga alaga homarUla lIganI sthApanA karI. teno uddeza saMsthAnika darajjAnuM svarAja meLavavAno hato. terasI A caLavaLamAM joDAyA ane temAM mahattvano bhAga lIdho. muMbaImAM jamanAdAsa dvArakAdAsa, uMmara sobAnI, zaMkaralAla beMkara vagere sAthe terasIe homarUla AMdolananuM saMgaThana sAdhavAmAM tathA sabhAo yojI lokone svarAjanI jarUriyAta samajAvavAmAM temaNe noMdhapAtra kArya karyuM. terasI muMbaInI zAkhAnA khajAnacI banyA ane lIganI pravRttio mATe aneka gujarAtI zrImaMto pAsethI moTI rakamono phALo ugharAvI Apyo hato. I.sa. 1918mAM muMbaImAM inphalyuenjhAno roga phATI nIkaLyo. davAo ane DaoNkTaro tenA phelAvAne rokavAmAM azaktimAna puravAra thayAM, rojanA seMkaDo mANaso mRtyu pAmatA hatA. rojanAM AThaso jeTalAM zaba smazAne agnisaMskAra karavA laI javAmAM AvatAM hatAM. lokone davAo vaheMcavAnI vyavasthA karavA uparAMta, terasI smazAnamAM hAjara rahIne, yogya rIte agni saMskAra thAya tenI pUratI kALajI rAkhavA lAgyA. tyAM teo badhA lokone zakya eTalI vadhu madada karatA hatA. baLataNanAM lAkaDAMnI vadhI gayelI mAMgane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne lAkaDAMnA keTalAka anya dharmanA vepArIoe bhAvo khUba vadhArI dIdhA. temaNe lAkaDAMnI kRtrima taMgI sarjI, lakSmIdAsa saMjogonA dAsa thavAmAM mAnatA nahotA. temano sevAbhAvI AtmA khaLabhaLI UThyo. temaNe vepArIonI IjArAzAhI toDavA ane sAmAnya lokonI sevA karavA baLataNanAM lAkaDAMnI dukAna kholIne ghaNA ochA bhAve lAkaDAM vecavA mAMDyAM. vaLI sAdhAraNa sthitinA lokone vinAmUlye lAkaDAM ApavA mAMDyAM. bhAratanA jANItA rASTravAdI aMgrejI dainika dha bombe kronikala'nA taMtrI bI.jI. hornimenane briTiza sarakAranI viruddhamAM lekho pragaTa karavAne kAraNe 1919mAM sarakAre dezanikAla karyA. tyAre eka dezabhakta aMgrejane Arthika sahAya karavA terasIe vIsa hajAra rUpiyAno phALo bhego karI hornimenane mokalI Apyo. A uparAMta teo Arthika jarUriyAtavALA vidyArthIo, dardIo, garIbo, anAtho vagerene guptadAna karatA. dAna ApIne nAmanA meLavavAnI temaNe kadApi IcchA rAkhI nahotI. lakSmIdAsa zikhAmaNa ApavAne badale teno amala karavAmAM mAnatA hatA. I.sa. 1920mAM bhAratIya rASTrIya koMgresanuM vArSika adhivezana nAgapuramAM maLyuM. temAM gAMdhIjIe asahakArano aitihAsika TharAva rajU karIne tenA upara bhASaNa ApyuM. gAMdhIjInI hRdayabhedaka vANI sAMbhaLIne temanA virodhIo paNa TekedAro banI gayA. TharAvanA kAryakrama mujaba terasIe videzI mAlano bahiSkAra karavA, dharakhama Avaka Apato videzI mAlanI dalAlIno dhaMdho baMdha karIne rASTrabhaktinuM utkRSTa udAharaNa rajU karyuM. bIjA vepArIo IMglenDanA mAlane badale jApAnano mAla maMgAvavA lAgyA. parantu terasI bhArata sivAya anya koI dezano mAla vecavA taiyAra nahotA, je temanI utkRSTa rASTrabhakti darzAve che. terasIno vepAra cAlu hato te daramiyAna dhaMdhAnA eka sodAnI carcAmAM eka videzI vepArIe temanI samakSa baDAza mArI ke 'tame jANo cho mArA nAmano artha siMha thAya che ?' lakSmIdAse te ja kSaNe javAba Apyo ke, 'tamArA pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 21 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmano artha eka siMha thAya che. paNa mArA nAmano artha to "tera siMha (Thirteen Lions) thAya che.' ema kahIne khaDakhaDATa hasI paDyA. Ama teo videzIonI doDamAM taNAI jAya evA nahotA. terasI haMmezAM anyAyano virodha karatA ane kAmadAronI tarapheNa karatA. jI.AI.pI. relve (greTa InDiyana penikyUlara relve), dha TAImsa opha InDiyA tathA TramanA majUronA prazno UbhA thayA tyAre lakSmIdAsane lavAda nImavAmAM AvyAM. temaNe baMne pakSone saMtoSa thAya e rItanuM samAdhAna karAvI ApyuM hatuM. esa. e. DAMge tathA ema. ena. raoNya jevA DAberI kAmadAra netAo paNa temanAmAM vizvAsa mUkIne temanI salAha sUcana svIkAratA hatA. - terasI muMbaInI nagarapAlikAnA sabhya tarIke I.sa. 1923mAM cUMTAI AvyA. tyAM paNa temaNe svadezInA vicArono amala karyo. temanA sUcanano svIkAra karIne myunisipala vImA phALAnI yojanA alamamAM mUkavAmAM AvI. temaNe nagarapAlikAnI samitimAM briTiza mAlano bahiSkAra karavAno prastAva maMjUra karAvyo. iMglenDanA vartamAnapatro tathA rAjakIya netAoe temanI gaMbhIratAthI noMdha lIdhI ane tenAM pariNAmo aMge carcAonuM Ayojana karyuM. jUna, 1937 sudhI muMbaI nagarapAlikAnI sthAyI samiti, imyuvamenTa TrasTa tathA bombe paoNrTa TrasTanI samitinA teo sabhya hatA. porTa TrasTanA sabhya tarIke temaNe iTAliyana athavA jApAnIjha simenTa vAparavAne badale bhAratIya simenTa vAparavAno Agraha karIne svadezInI vadhu eka vAra himAyata karI. I. sa. 1928mAM muMbaImAM komI tophAno thayAM tyAre temaNe ramakhANono bhoga bananAra loko mATe rAhatakAryo zarU karAvI tenI vyavasthA para dekharekha rAkhI ane hiMdu saMrakSaka maMDaLa sthApIne aneka lokone jadAjadA prakAranI sahAya karI. lakSmIdAsa inDiyana maracanTsa cembaranA mahattvanA AgevAna hatA. temaNe A saMsthAnI pragatimAM agatyano phALo ApIne tenI pratiSThA vadhArI hatI. tethI A saMsthAnA pratinidhi tarIke temane lejisleTiva kAunsilanA sabhya tarIke cUMTavAmAM AvyA hatA. myunisipala korporezana, lejisleTiva kAunsila ke prAMtika koMgresa samitinI sabhAomAM potAne je sAruM lAge te jaNAvI devAno temano svabhAva hato. tethI temanA pravacano vadhAre mahattvanAM gaNavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. ekavAra muMbaInA gavarnaranI kAunsilanA nANAM khAtAnA maMtrIe terasInuM pravacana sAMbhaLavA mATe potAno anya kAryakrama rada karyo hato. lakSmIdAsa muMbaI prAMtika koMgresa samitinA sthApaka sabhya ane tenA koSAdhyakSa hatA. teo tenI badhI mITiMgamAM hAjarI ApatA hatA. muMbaI myunisipala korporezananA agraNI tathA vagadAra sabhyanA nAte korporezana dvArA gAMdhIjInuM sanmAna karAvavAmAM temaNe saphaLatA meLavI hatI. paraMtu samaya jatAM koMgrese gAMdhIjInA kAryakramo apanAvIne amalamAM mUkyA tathA terasI (surendranAtha benarajInI mAphaka) gAMdhIjInA vicAro tathA kAryakramo svIkArI zakyA nahi tyAre koMgresa choDIne navI peDhI mATe jagA karI ApavAnuM temaNe yogya mAnyuM. terasIe muMbaImAM 1926mAM kaccha prajAkIya pariSadanI sthApanA karI ane teo tenA maMtrI banyA. A pariSada khAsa karIne kacchamAM tenAM adhivezano bharatI. 28 thI 30 Disembara, 1930nA roja mAMDavI mukAme bharavAmAM Avela adhivezananA teo pramukha hatA. 'pesenjarsa TrAphika rilipha esosiezana'nI sthApanAmAM paNa temaNe mukhya bhAga bhajavyo hato. oNla inDiyA rAjasthAna prajApariSadanI kAryavAhaka samitinA teo sabhya hatA ane temAM AjIvana sevAo ApI hatI. vidhavA punarlagna karavAnA teo himAyatI hatA ane te mATe strIone protsAhita karatA hatA. vidhavA punarlagna karanArane pAMcaso rUpiyAnuM pAritoSika ApavAnI temaNe zarUAta karI ane te mATe alaga phALo ekaTho karyo hato. vidyArthIone vadhu abhyAsa mATe Arthika madada karavA mATenA sonAvAlA TrasTanA teo mahattvanA TrasTI hatA. A pravRttimAM temane eTalo badho rasa hato ke A TrasTanI eka sabhA temanI maraNapathArI pAse maLI hatI. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 20000 22 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lakSmIdAsa muMbaImAM keneDI sIphesa upara AvelA pI.je. hindu jimakhAnAnA agraNI hatA. A saMsthAne temaNe ApelI sevAo temanI jAhera sevAonI mahAna siddhi hatI. krikeTa sTeDiyamamAM hindu jimakhAnA mATe temaNe keTalIka beThako anAmata rakhAvI ane te mATe temaNe laData ApavI paDI hatI, jimakhAnAnI jamIna kabaje levAno sarakArano hukama temaNe rada karAvyo hato. A jimakhAnAmAM svImiMga bAtha bAMdhavA mATe temaNe rUpiyA pacAsa hajArano phALo ugharAvI Apyo hato. terasInuM jIvana zuddha ane nItimAna hatuM. teo daMbha ane kurivAjonA virodhI, samAjasudhAraka, svAtaMtrya senAnI ane spaSTa vaktA hatA. muMbaInA jAhera jIvanamAM temanuM sthAna advitIya hatuM. sAmAjika ane rAjakIya anyAya sAme jhUjhavAnI teo potAnI pharaja samajatA hatA. rAjakAraNamAM teo mavALavAdI hovAthI gAMdhIjInA netRtva heThaLa kAma karatI koMgresanA caLavaLanA kAryakramo teo svIkArI zakyA nahi. tethI trIsInA dAyakAmAM jAhera jIvanamAM temanuM sthAna gauNa banI gayuM. 30 mI oNgasTa, 1939nA roja temanuM avasAna thayuM. saMdarbha sUci 1. svAmI AnaMda : kuLakathAo 2. "kacchanA svAtaMtrya senAnI lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI', "navanIta samarpaNa', sapTembara, 1985 3. 'prabuddha jIvana', gujarAtI pakhavADika, 15 sapTembara, 1939 4. azoka harSa, 'lakhamIdAsa ravajI terasI', 'kumAra' mAsika, okTobara, 1939 5. dha TAImsa opha inDiyA', 31 oNgasTa, 1939 6. "janmabhUmi', gujarAtI dainika, 31 oNgasTa, 1939 pathika, naimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 20000 23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saradAra paTela ane bhAratIya muslima - 2 DaoN. mahebUba desAI* savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI laDatamAM bhAga levA badala saradAra paTelane gAMdhIjI sAthe ja 4 jAnyuArI 193ranA roja keda karI yaravaDA jelamAM laI javAmAM AvyA. tyAM gAMdhIjI ane saradAra paTela 16 mAsa sAthe rahyA. e daramyAna avAranavAra gAMdhIjI ane saradAra paTela hiMdumuslima samasyA aMge carcA karatA. e carcAomAM saradAra paTelanA muslimo pratyenA abhigamane sAco ghATa maLyo. saradAra paTela gAMdhIjInA vicArone mAna ApatA. pariNAme saradAra paTelanA muslimo pratyenA abhigamamAM parivartana ANavAmAM gAMdhIjIe A samaya daramyAna noMdhapAtra bhAga bhajavyo hato. jemake 30.3.1932nI eka savAre eka muslima AgevAna aMge vAta nIkaLI tyAre saradAra paTela bolI UThayA : 'kaTokaTI AvI paDe tyAre A bhAI paNa saMkucita komavAdI khyAla apanAve che. ane muslimo mATe alaga phaMDa ane alaga apIlanI mAMgaNI kare che.' tenA javAbamAM gAMdhIjI bolyA : 'A kAraNasara tene doSa ApI zakAya nahi. ApaNe musalamAnone zI sagavaDa ApIe chIe ? temanI sAthe moTe bhAge aspRzyo jevo vartAva rAkhIe chIe. mATe atusa salAmane devalAlI mokalavI hoya to.... tyAM tene rAkhavA kahI zakAya ? kharuM jotAM hiMduoe AgaLa paga mAMDavo joIe. hiMduo jAgRta thAya ane bhedabhAvanI je vADa bAMdhavAmAM AvI che, te toDI pADavAmAM Ave to kaDavAza ghaNI ochI thAya.' vallabhabhAIe kahyuM: 'paNa musalamAno rItarivAjamAM judA che. teo mAMsAhArI che. jayAre ApaNe zAkAhArI chIe. temanI joDe eka gharamAM kevI rIte rahI zakAya ?' bApue kahyuM : "nA, nA, gujarAta sivAya bIje kyAMya hiMduo zAkAhArI hotA nathI. paMjAbamAM, siMdhamAM, uttarapradezamAM dareka hiMdu mAMsa khAya che." tA. 6.9.1932nA roja yaravaDA jelamAM ekavAra nirAza svare saradAra paTele gAMdhIjIne pUchyuM : evA koI muslima che je tamArI vAta sAMbhaLe che tyAre gAMdhIjI bolyA : 'bhale ne koI ja na hoya. tethI kazo phera paDato nathI. paNa ApaNe AzA rAkhIe ke e loko paNa jAgRta thAya. satyAgrahano AdhAra ja e che ke mAnavasvabhAva para vizvAsa mUkavo. eTale koIka musalamAna to jarUra nIkaLaze ke je kaheze ame ATaluM badhuM thAya e to sahana na karI zakIe." tA. 8.4.1933nA roja bhAratanA muslimo aMge saradAra paTele gAMdhIjIne kahyuM : musalamAna zAMta beThA che ane kazuM bolatA nathI. aMgreja sarakArane barAbara saskAra ApI rahyA che.' tyAre bApue tenA pratibhAva ApatA kahyuM, jayAM sudhI musalamAno dezanA hitamAM potAnuM hita na juve tyAM sudhI hiMdu-muslima aikya thavAnuM nathI." yaravaDA jelamAM gAMdhIjI ane saradAra paTela vacce thayelI AvI guphategue ja bhAratanA muslimo pratyenA saradAra paTelanA abhigamamAM parivartana ANavAmAM ke tene hakArAtmaka rIte ghaDavAmAM noMdhapAtra phALo Apyo hato. jenI asara saradAra paTelanA e pachInA bhAratanA muslimo pratyenA abhigamamAM joI zakAya che. * rIDara, itihAsa anusnAtaka bhavana, bhAvanagara yunivarsiTI, bhAvanagara - 36472. pathika - trimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 * 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jelamAMthI mukta thayA pachI saradAra paTelane prAMtiya dhArAsabhAnI cUMTaNIo mATe umedavAro pasaMda karavA koMgresa saMsadIya borDanA adhyakSa nImavAmAM AvyA, 1935nA prAMtiya dhArAsabhAnA kAyadA anvaye A cUMTaNIo yojAI rahI hatI. saradAra paTelanA netRtvane kAraNe 11mAMthI pAMca prAMtomAM koMgresa pradhAnamaMDaLo astitvamAM AvyA hatA. A ja arasAmAM mahaMmadaalI jhINA muslima lIganA rAjakAraNamAM sakriya banatA jatA hatA. temanA prayAsothI muMbaI ane yu.pI.mAM muslima lIganA umedavAroe sAro dekhAva karyo hato. cUMTaNI pachI keTalAka prAMtomAM koMgresa ane muslima lIganI saMyukta sarakAra racavA aMge carcA vicAraNA AraMbhAI. A carcAmAM koMgresa pakSa taraphathI javAharalAla naherU ane maulAnA AjhAda hatA. jo ke A carcA niSphaLa gaI. e mATe naherUnI ayathArthavAdI nIti javAbadAra hatI, ema keTalAka itihAsakAro mAne che. naherUe carcA samaye evI zarata mUkI hatI ke sau prathama muslima lIMganuM koMgresamAM vilInIkaraNa thAya pachI ja saMyukta sarakAranI racanA vize vicArI zakAya. saradAra paTelane A carcA vicAraNAthI saMpUrNa aLagA rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA. paraMtu jyAre temane naherUnA uparokta valaNanI jANa thaI tyAre temaNe kahyuM hatuM, "muslima lIganA mukhya netA khAlikurjamAna sAthe yogya rIte carcA vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI hota, to avazya samAdhAna sAdhI zakAyuM hota.' moTAbhAganA itihAsakAro A mata sAthe saMmati darzAve che. ane kahe che ke A samAdhAna vibhAjanane avazya aTakAvI zakyuM hota. gAMdhIjInA saciva pyArelAla lakhe che, A prathama kakSAnI nItigata bhUla hatI." laMDananA "dhI TAImsa' samAcArapatranA dilhI sthita saMvAdadAtA zrI. luI horene paNa lakhyuM che, jinnAe vibhAjananA keTalAka mahinAo pachI mane kahyuM hatuM ke vibhAjana mATe naherU javAbadAra hatA. jo 1937mAM yu.pI nI koMgrese sarakAramAM muslima lIgane sAmela karavAnuM svIkArI levAmAM AvyuM hota, to pAkistAnanuM sarjana na thAya." AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI paNa sanadI sevAmAM sakriya rahenAra aMgreja adhikArI penDala mune Avo ja mata vyakta karatAM kahyuM hatuM, sana 1931mAM muslima lIga joDe sarakAra karavA mATe koMgrese karelI nakAra pAkistAnanI sthApanA mATe mukhya kAraNa che.' aMgreja ItihAsakAra pheMka morAyase paNa evI ja dalIla karatAM kahyuM che, 'sana 1937nI cUMTaNI pachI koMgrese muslima lIga joDe vadhAre salukAIthI kAma pADyuM hota to pAkistAnanuM sarjana thayuM na hota." 'jo" ane "to'nI AvI zakyatAomAM ja ItihAsanI ghaTanAonuM vizleSaNa thAya che. paNa A tamAma dalIlonuM tAraNa eTaluM ja che ke saradAra paTelane samagra carcA vicAraNAthI alipta rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA. dezI rajavADAonuM kunehapUrvaka vilInIkaraNa karanAra saradAra paTela jo A carcAvicAraNAmAM sAmela hota to kadAca itihAsa avazya judo hota. tema kahevAmAM jarA paNa atizayokti nahi gaNAya. A ghaTanA pachI muslima lIganA netA mahaMmadaalI jinnAnI komavAdI-alagatAvAdI vRtti vadhu tIvra banI. temanA komavAdI bhASaNomAM te joI zakAya che. saradAra paTela jillAnA AvA komI jhera okatA bhASaNothI ciMtita hatA. muslima samAja jANI joIne eka evA muslima netAnI pAchaLa doravAI rahyo hato, jeno uddeza hiMdu-muslima ekatAne toDavAno hato. saradAra paTela e vAta paNa nahotA samajI zakatA hatA ke islAmane gahana rIte jANanAra maulAnA AjhAda jitrAnI pokaLatA chatI karatAM acakAtA hatA. mahaMmadaalI jinnA eka sAcA muslimanAM lakSaNothI vaMcita hatA. pAMca vaktanI namAjha paDhavI ke dArU na pIvo jevA islAmanA siddhAMtone custa rIte jinA kyAreya vaLagI pathika, naimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 20000 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rahyA na hatA. chatAM kaTTaratAvAdI muslima zA mATe jillAne anusaratA hatA. te saradAra paTela mATe muMjhavato prazna hato. jo ke jinnAnA komI jhera okatAM bhASaNo sAme komI ekhalAsanI potAnI AMtarika icchA saradAra paTela . jAheramAM vyakta karatA hatAM. 1936mAM saMyukta prAMtamAM kisAna saMmelananA pramukhasthAnethI saradAra paTele kahyuM hatuM : 'kisAnomAM hiMdu-musalamAna ke nAtajAtanA bhedabhAva naja hoya. dharatI kheDIne mahenatathI dhAna pedA karanAra aneka nAnA jamInadAra, kisAna ke khetIkAmamAM madada karanAra majUra, cAhe game te dharma ke jAtino hoya, to paNa e badhA kisAna ja che. badhA eka ja hoDImAM beThA che. badhA sAthe ja taraze ke Dubaze. kudaratamAM kadI nAtajAta ke dharmano bhedabhAva jovAmAM Avyo nathI, ne Avaze paNa nahi. kudaratI Aphato-AsamAnI sulatAnI-ke tenI kRpA badhA para eka sarakhI ja rahe che, badhA kisAnonI Arthika durdazA sarakhI ja che. ApaNe sau potapotAnA dharma ke saMpradAyane vaLagI rahI, bhedabhAvo choDI, komI jhagaDA miTAvI daIne, eka sAthe Arthika, sAmAjika, ane rAjakIya unnatinA kAmamAM lAgI jaIzuM tyAre ja ApaNo uddhAra thaze." jillAnI komavAdI nItine svAbhAvika rIte ja aMgreja sarakAranuM baLa hatuM. pariNAme komI ekhalAsane kuMThita karavAnA jinnAnA prayAsone thoDI ghaNI saphaLatA paNa sAMpaDI, ane pariNAme jitrA vadhu utsAha ane khunnasathI bolavA mAMDyA, koMgresa hiMdu rAja sthApavA mAMge che.' jinnAnA A vidhAnano virodha karatAM 25.12.1937nA roja rAjapIpaLAnI lokasabhAnA 11mAM adhivezanamAM pramukha sthAnethI saradAra paTele kahyuM hatuM, rASTra mahAsabhA e virATa saMsthA che. e paccIsa karoDanI prajA mATe svataMtratA zodhe che ema nathI. paNa pAMtrIsa karoDane mATe - hiMdu, musalamAna, pArasI, khristI tamAmane mATe e prayatna karI rahI che. saradAra paTelanI AvI samAna nItino pratisAda paNa temane temanA jAherajIvananA kAryomAM sAMpaDato rahyo hato. 1938nA phebruArImAM koMgresa adhivezananI samagra vyavasthA saradAra paTela hastaka hatI. koMgresa adhivezana mATe bAraDolI tAlukAnA tApI nadI kAMThe AvelA haripurA gAmanI pasaMdagI temaNe karI. tyAre A adhivezana mATe gAmanA hiMdu ja nahiM, paNa muslima kheDUtoe paNa potAnI pAMcaso ekara jamIna jarA paNa hicakicATa vagara saradAra paTelane kADhI ApI hatI. muslima prajA jevo ja vizvAsa ane AtmIyatA muslima netAo sAthe paNa saradAre keLavI hatI. 1938nA aMtamAM subhASacaMdra bojhe jAhera karyuM ke teo koMgresa pramukha tarIke bIjA varSe paNa cAlu rahevA icche che. subhASabAbunI A jAherAta vallabhabhAIne pasaMda na paDI . alabatta e mATe aneka kAraNo javAbadAra hatAM. gAMdhIjIe paNa subhASabAbunA sthAne maulAnA AjhAdanA nAmano vicAra karyo. tyAre gAMdhIjInA e vicArane Teko ApanAra saradAra paTela hatA. jo ke maulAnA AjhAde prathama koMgresa pramukha thavA anirachA darzAvI. paNa jAnyuArI, 1939mAM bAraDolI mukAme gAMdhIjI ane saradAra paTela sAthe lAMbI carcA pachI temaNe hA pADI. tyAre rAjendrabAbune eka patramAM saradAra paTele lakhyuM hatuM, javAbadArI upADI levA mATe ame maulAnA sAhebane samajAvI zakyA chIe.... ghaNI vakhata acakAyA pachI temaNe A vAta kabUla rAkhI che.' maulAnA AjhAde hA pADyA pachI vallabhabhAI paTele potAnI umedavArI paNa vidhisara rIte pAchI kheMcI lIdhI, paNa bAraDolIthI muMbaI AvyA pachI maulAnA AjhAde potAno mata pAcho badalyo. potAne mukta karavA teo pharIvAra gAMdhIjI pAse doDI gayA. kalakattAnA rahevAsI maulAnA AjhAdane lAgyuM ke bIjA baMgALI joDe spardhA karavI te ajugatuM ane kadAca aNagamatuM thaI paDaze." pathikanaimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 * 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jo ke pachI subhASabAbu ja 1939nA jAnyuArInI 29mI tArIkhe 1580 virUddha 1375 mate pramukha tarIke cUMTAI AvyA hatA. paNa subhASabAbunA sthAne maulAnA AjhAdanuM pramukhapada mATe nAma sUcavanAra gAMdhIjInA matane vallabhabhAIe je rIte vadhAvI lIdho hato te ghaTanA temanA komavAdI karatA, komI ekhalAsanA mAnasane vyakta kare che. pAdaTIpa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI, pustaka paheluM, pR.65. 2. parIkha, naraharI, 'saradAra vallabhabhAI', bhAga 2, pR. 109 3. 'mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI', pustaka trIjuM, pR. 222 4. jhakariyA, raphIka, 'saradAra paTela tathA bhAratIya muslima', pR. 37 5. gAMdhI, rAjamohana, 'saradAra paTela eka samarpita jIvana', pR. 269 6. parIkha, naraharI ane zAha uttamacaMda (saMpAdako), 'saradAra vallabhabhAInA bhASaNo', pR. 331 7. ejana., pR. 416 8. gAMdhI, rAjamohana, uparyukta, pR. 286 pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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somanAtha maMdiranuM punaH nirmANa ane saradAra paTela prA. praphullA je. rAvala* dvAdaza jyotiliMgomAM jenuM prathama nAma che ane purANo tathA mahAbhAratamAM somanAtha mahAdeva tathA prabhAsa kSetranA je ullekho maLe che te somanAtha mahAdevanuM tIrthakSetra devapaTTana ke prabhAsa pATa gujarAtanI dakSiNe saurASTranI naiRtya dizAmAM arabI samudrane kinAre AvelA somanAtha mahAdevanA pavitratIrthamAM vizALa samudranuM pANI mahAdevanA pAda prakSAlana kare che. to sAthe sAthe hiraNya, sarasvatI ane kapilA nadIno triveNI saMgama paNa ahIM che. AkhA eziyAkhaMDanI mukhya khaMDabhUmi upara AveluM A eka virala sthaLa che. somanuM nAma jenI sAthe cirakALa mATe joDAI gayuM che te somanAtha mahAdevanuM tIrthadhAma prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtinI ekatAnuM pratIka che. somanAtha mATenI zraddhA ane bhakti bhAratIyo jyAM jayAM vase che temanA mATe atUTa ane akhaMDa jovA maLe che. maLatI mAhitI pramANe somanAthanuM sau prathama maMdira some baMdhAvyuM hatuM. tyArabAda rAvaNe rUpAnuM ane bhagavAna zrIkRSNa kASTanuM baMdhAvyuM hatuM. prAcIna samayamAM baMdhAyeluM A maMdira kALakrame judA judA muslima AkramaNakAronA AkramaNano bhoga banyuM hatuM. muslimo mAtra dhanalAlasAthI AkarSAyA hatA, tevuM na hatuM. teo hinduonI zraddhA ane AsthA paNa toDavA mAgatA hatA. paraMtu aneka vakhate khaMDita thayela A maMdirane je te samaye punaHnirmANa karanArA paNa maLI AvyA che. tenI itihAsa sAkSI pUre che. I.sa. 1947mAM bhAratane AjhAdI maLI tyAre dezI rAjyo mATe bhArata athavA pAkistAna sAthe joDAvAnI ? athavA svataMtra rahevAnI jogavAI hatI. ene kAraNe bhAratanAM anya dezI rAjyonI jema jUnAgaDha mATe paNa A prazna atyaMta mahattvano hato. saurASTranAM anya rajavADAM to bhArata sAthe joDAI gayAM paraMtu jUnAgaDhe te samaye eTale ke tA. 15-8-47nA roja pAkistAna sAthe joDAvavAnI jAherAta karI hatI." prabhAsa pATaNamAM jUnAgaDhanA navAbanI sattA hatI ane prasiddha somanAtha maMdira khaMDera svarUpe tenA punaHnirmAtAnI rAha jotuM UbhuM hatuM. AvA samaye rajavADAMnuM ekIkaraNa karavAnI paDakArabharI javAbadArI svataMtra bhAratanI sarakAra upara AvI paDI. tyAre lokhaMDI. icchAzakti dharAvatA bhArata sarakAranA nAyaba vaDApradhAna saradAra vallabhabhAI paTele A praznono ukela pUrI niSThA ane khaMtathI lAvavA mATe prayatno karyA. Ama teo bhAratanI ekatAnA zilpI banyA. vilInIkaraNanI prakriyAnA bhAgarUpe saurASTranA sauthI moTA rAjaya jUnAgaDhanI prajAe ArajhI hakumata dvArA lokalaData upADI jene saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelanA ADakatarA AzIrvAda hatA. Akhare lokalaData AgaLa navAbe namavuM paDyuM ane jUnAgaDha hindI saMghane zaraNe tA. 9-11-47nA roja thayuM. jUnAgaDhano pradeza bhArata sAthe joDI devA saradAra paTela tA. 1311-1947nA roja jUnAgaDha AvyA ane lokamata dvArA jUnAgaDhane bhArata sAthe joDavAnI jAherAta karI. tyAMthI teozrI prabhAsa pATaNa tathA somanAthanA maMdire gayA. temanI sAthe pradhAnamaMDaLanA temanA sAthI gADagIla, ka.mA.munazI. navAnagaranA mahArAjA jAmasAheba digvijayasiMhajI, saurASTranA mukhyamaMtrazrI ucharaMgarAya Dhebara vagere hatA. bhAratanI kIrti samAna somanAtha maMdiranI bismAra upekSita ane kharAba hAlata joI teonuM hRdaya hacamacI gayuM. maMdirano jIrNoddhAra thavo joIe tevuM gADagIlane lAgyuM. ane temaNe A vicAra saradAra paTelane kahyo. saradAra paTela tAbaDatoba saMmata thayA ane somanAthanA samudra kinAre jaI hAthamAM samudranuM jaLa laI somanAtha maMdiranuM navanirmANa karavAnI pratijJA lIdhI, A aitihAsika maMdiranuM punaHnirmANa karavuM te bhAratanI prAcIna asmitAnuM gaurava hatuM ane te paNa saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela dvArA punaHnirmANa thavuM e to bhAratanA itihAsanI abhUtapUrva ane romAMcaka ghaTanA hatI. kArataka suda ekama nUtanavarSanA zubha divase prabhAsapATaNamAM somanAtha maMdira pAse ekaThI thayelI janamedanIne saMbodhatAM * AsisTanTa prophesara, itihAsa anusnAtaka bhavana, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa - 36005 pathika -tramAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 * 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saradAra paTele kahyuM hatuM ke nUtanavarSanA A zubhadivase ApaNe saMkalpa karyo che ke somanAtha maMdiranuM punaHnirmANa thavuM ja joIe. A paramapavitra kArya che. jemAM saue bhAga levo joIe tyAre tyAM hAjara rahelI janatA gadagadita thaI gaI hatI, ane utsAhabhera jaya somanAthano nAda karyo hato. Ama somanAtha maMdiranA punaHnirmANanI kAmagIrI zarU thaI. A samaye ja zrI jAmasAheba digvijayasiMhajIe eka lAkha rUpiyA tathA zrI zAmaLadAsa gAMdhIe ArajhI. hakumata dvArA ekAvana hajAra rUpiyA dAnanI jAherAta karI. ' gADagIla jAhera bAMdhakAma khAtAnA pradhAna hatA. temaNe khAtA taraphathI kAma mAthe lIdhuM ane ka.mA.munazIne paNa A kAryamAM joDavAmAM AvyA. maLatI mAhitI pramANe keTalAka loko evo dRSTikoNa dharAvatA hatA ke A maMdirane purAtattvanA avazeSo tarIke sAcavI rAkhavuM joIe. paraMtu saradAra paTele spaSTa jaNAvyuM ke maMdiranuM punaHnirmANa karIne temAM zivaliMganI pratiSThA karIne maMdirane pUjAnuM sthAna banAvavAnI lokalAgaNIne mAna ApavuM joIe. ' maMdira nirmANanA kArya mATe pradhAnamaMDaLe saMmati ApI. paraMtu bhArata binasAMpradAyika deza hovAthI maMdira punaHnirmANanuM kArya bhArata sarakAra na karI zake tevA virodhI sUro UDyA tyAre saradAra paTele AkhI yojanAnI carcA gAMdhIjI sAthe karI pachI vallabhabhAIe gAMdhIjIne khAtarI ApI ke maMdiM punaHnirmANanA paisA jUnAgaDhanI tijorI ke bhArata sarakAra pAsethI nahIM levAmAM Ave. hindustAnanI sarakAra koI saMghanI nathI ane bhArata dharmarAjaya nathI.. bhArata dharmanirapekSa rAjya hovAthI rAjaya koI maMdira bAMdhI zake nahIM. 12 paraMtu loko pAsethI nANAM ugharAvIne eka TrasTa A maMdirano jIrNoddhAra kare. jo ke saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela to kalAkAro ane zilpakAronI madadathI nakazAo ane aMdAjo taiyAra karAvavAnuM kAma to karI rahyA hatA. ane jarUra paDye nANAnI apIlanI jAherAta karavAnuM paNa temaNe amadAvAdanA bAbubhAI upAdhyAyane patra lakhI jaNAvyuM hatuM. A pachI porabaMdaranA nAnajI kAlidAsa mahetAe saradAra paTelanI saMmatithI 1948nA mahA zivarAtrInA pavitradivase (ke je divase saradAra paTelano janma divasa che) nANAnI apIla karatI yAdI bahAra pADI. saradArazrInA somanAtha maMdiranA saMkalpane bhAratabharamAMthI dezI rAjyono saMpUrNa sahakAra maLyo. tA. 23-1-1949nA roja saradAra paTelanI adhyakSatAmAM jAmanagara mukAme maLelI beThakamAM zrI gADagIla, jAmasAhebazrI digvijayasiMha saurASTranA mukhyamaMtrI DhebarabhAI tathA zAmaLadAsa gAMdhIe bhAga lIdho jemAM somanAtha TrasTanI racanAnI rUparekhA taiyAra karavAmAM AvI. zrI ka.mA.munazIne TrasTaDIDa taiyAra karavAnuM kArya soMpavAmAM AvyuM. ane te rIte saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelanA mArgadarzana heThaLa somanAtha TrasTanA zrIgaNeza thayA. jene sarakAre maMjUrI ApI. zrI jAmasAheba digvijayasiMhajI TrasTanA adhyakSa banyA. somanAtha maMdiranI AsapAsanI vizALa jagyA somanAtha TrasTane ApavAmAM AvI. 1949nA aMte rU.25 lAkhanuM bhaMDoLa ekaThuM thayuM hatuM. tethI tA. 19-4-1950nA roja saurASTranA mukhyamaMtrI zrI DhebarabhAInA haste maMdira nirmANa mATe bhUmipUjana vidhi karavAmAM AvI.15 ane e rIte saradAra paTele maMdira punaHnirmANanI je pratijJA lIdhI hatI te sAkAra thavAnI zarUAta thaI gaI hatI. paraMtu IzvaranI icchA evI haze ke je somanAtha maMdiranA punaH nirmANanA teo praNetA hatA te punaHnirmANa thayeluM jovA saradArazrI ApaNI vacce rahyA nahIM. tA.15-121950nA roja A mahAna hastIe ApaNI vaccethI mahAprayANa karyuM.paraMtu temaNe zarU kareluM kArya to cAlu ja rahyuM. somanAtha maMdiramAM zivaliMga pratiSThAvidhi bhAratanA rASTrapatizrI DaoN. rAjendraprasAdanA haste karavAnuM vicAravAmAM AvyuM. paraMtu sArA kAmamAM so vighna Ave e kahevata ahIM paNa sAcI paDI. bhArata binasAMpradAyika rASTra hovAthI sarakAranA vaDApradhAna zrI javAharalAla nahera taraphathI rASTrapati rAjendraprasAdane zivaliMga pratiSThA vidhi mATe aTakAvavAnA prayAso thayA. paraMtu te saphaLa thayA nahIM. zivaliMga pratiSThAvidhimAM javA mATe rASTrapati makkama rahyA. teoe jaNAvyuM ke A to hindu dharmanuM maMdira che ane temAM mane AmaMtraNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che ane huM jAuM chuM. paraMtu musalamAno ane khristIonA dhArmika sthAnonA nirmANamAM paNa jo mane bolAvavAmAM Avaze to tyAM paNa huM jarUra jaIza. ane e rIte tA. 11-5-1951nA roja rASTrapatizrI DaoN. rAjendra prasAdanA haste maMdiramAM liMgapratiSThA vidhi saMpanna pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 * 29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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karavAmAM AvI. ane e rIte tatkAlIna vaDApradhAna javAharalAla naherue lIdhelA vAMdhA sAme durlakSa sevavAmAM AvyuM. tA. 13-5-1965nA roja somanAtha maMdiranA 155 phUTa UMcA zikhara upara dhajA tathA kaLaza ArohaNa vidhi somanAtha TrasTanA adhyakSazrI jAmasAheba digvijayasiMhajInA haste karavAmAM AvI. 1970nA me mAsamAM maMdiranA digvijaya dvAranuM udghATana zrI satya sAMIbAbAnA haste karavAmAM AvyuM. I.sa. 1970 mAM nRtya maMDapanuM kAma zarU thaI gayuM hatuM te samaye somanAtha TrasTanA adhyakSazrI morArajI desAI hatA. nRtyamaMDapanuM kArya pUruM thAya te pahelAM temano dehavilaya thayo. tA. 1-12-1995nA roja bhAratanA rASTrapati DaoN. zaMkaradayAla zarmAnA haste nRtya maMDapa upara kaLaza pratiSThA vidhipUrvaka karavAmAM AvI. tA. 1-12-1995nA divase sthapatizrI prabhAzaMkara somapurA e taiyAra karela DIjhAIna pramANenuM kailAsa meru prasAda zailI mujabanuM somanAtha maMdiranuM punaHnirmANanuM kArya paripUrNa thayuM ane teja divase rASTrapatinA haste punaHnirmANa pAmela somanAthanuM maMdira rASTrane samarpita karavAmAM AvyuM. Ama, tA. 13-11-1947nA roja saradAra paTele maMdira punaHnirmANano je saMkalpa lIdho hato te 1-1295nA roja saMpUrNa rIte paripUrNa thayo. somanAtha maMdiranA punaHnirmANanA praNetA saradAra paTelanI amara smRtinA pratIka samI saradArazrInI pUrNakadanI kAMsya pratimA Aje paNa somanAtha maMdira pAsenA digvijaya dvAra sAme birAjamAna che. tA. 4-4-1970nA roja A pratimAnI anAvaraNa vidhi gujarAtanA mUka sevaka pU. ravizaMkara mahArAjanA haste karavAmAM AvI hatI. zrI ka.mA.munazIe sAcuM ja kahyuM che ke jo saradAra ApaNane maLyA na hota to ApaNI AMkho somanAtha maMdiranuM punaHnirmANa thayeluM jovAne bhAgyazALI thaI na hota. saMdarbho 1. ThAkara, rameza, 'dvAdaza jyotirliMga", pravINa pustaka bhaMDAra, rAjakoTa, pR. 41 2. paramAra, jayamala, "sevA dharamanA amara sthaMbha", pravINa pustaka bhaMDAra, pR. 42 3. mahamada umara kolIlano lekha "mahamada gajhanavInI somanAtha upara caDhAI", phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, mArca 1942, pR. 488 4. DaoN. jAnI, esa.vI.,no aprakAzita mahAnibaMdha, 'jUnAgaDhanI ArajhI hakumatano itihasa', saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa, 1980, pR. 78 5. zukla, Ara.bI., "sTorI oNpha saurASTra", sau. yuni., okTobara 1993, pAnA naM. 59-60 6. zAsrI, hariprasAda gaMgAprasAda ane parIkha, pra.ci. (saMpA.), 'gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', graMtha 9, amadAvAda, 1983, pR. 146 7. zAha, dinezabhAI, "somanAtha punaH nirmANanA praNetA saradAra vallabhabhAI" prakAzana somanAtha TrasTa, pR.6 8. menana, vI.pI., '"dha sTorI opha dha inTIgrezana opha inDIyana sTeTasa'' orIenTa logamenTa, bombe, 1956, pR. 147 9. paramAra, je.DI., "rikansTrakTeDa somanAtha Tempala", somanAtha TrasTa, pR. 4 10. desAI, morArajIbhAI, "ina dha sarvIsa oNpha somanAtha", pR. 1 11. gAMdhI, rAjamohana, "saradAra paTela eka samarpita jIvana" navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda, 1994, pR. 455 12. ejana, pR. 455 13. saMpAdaka, maNibena paTela, "saradAra paTelanA patro-2', navajIvana presa, amadAvAda, 1976, pR. 47 14. ejana, pR. 47 15. paramAra, je.DI., uparokta pustaka, pR. 5. 16. dozI, yazavaMta, ''savyasAcI saradAra", prakAzana paricaya TrasTa, prathama AvRtti, 1975, pR. 207 17. hAnDA, Ara. ela., 'rAjendraprasAda" sTarlIMga pablIzarsa, nyU dIlhI, 1974, pR. 50-51 18. saMkalana, zAha, dineza, "zrI somanAtha tIrtha vikAsa", zrI somanAtha TrasTa, pR. 11 19. bhAratanA rASTrapati DaoN. zaMkaradayAla, zarmAe Apela tA. 1-12-1995nA roja kleza pratiSThApana pravacana- mAMthI maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre. 20. maMdiranI rUbarU mulAkAta daramyAna saradAra paTelanI pratimA nIce lagAvelI takatInA AdhAre. pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 30 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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keTalIka kahevatomAM itihAsadarzana prA. DaoN. dharmeza sI. paMDayA* peDhI dara peDhI koIpaNa mAnavasamudAyano saMgrahAto jato anubhava tathA DahApaNa tenI bhASAnA bodharUpa dRSTAMta vAkyomAM ke coTadAra marmALa uktiomAM pragaTa thAya che. AvI uktio kALe karIne sarvasvIkRta bane, samAjamAM lokapriyatA pAme, ene ApaNe kahevato tarIke oLakhIe chIe. 'kahevatanAM mULa vedo, purANo, AraNyako, upaniSado, mahAbhArata, kauTilyanA arthazAstra, pataMjalinA mahAbhASya jevA paurANika graMthonI kathAomAM paNa jovA maLe che. koIpaNa deza, pradezanI kahevatomAM amuka aMze prAdezika viziSTatA vyakta thAya che. janamaMDaLanI raheNIkaraNI, rItarivAjo, itihAsa, tahevAro, vahemo, dhArmika-sAmAjika mAnyatAo, kauTuMbika bAbato vagerenA izArA kahevatomAM samAyA hovA uparAMta prajAnI vyavahAradakSatA, tenuM zANapaNa, tenI sabhyatA ane saMskAritAnA paNa temAM saMketa maLe che.' paraMtu ahIM gujarAta pradezamAM bahudhA pracalita evI keTalIka kahevatomAM rahelA aitihAsika tathyane spaSTa karI biMdumAM siMdhu samAvavAno mAro A namra prayAsa che, samayAMtare jIvananI paristhiti ane raheNIkaraNImAM pheraphAra thato rahe che ane tethI ja kahevatono mAtra bhASAdaSTie ja nahIM paNa aitihAsika dRSTie abhyAsa thavo jarUrI che. samaya, sthAna ane saMjogonI dRSTie dunyavI anubhava ane dunyavI DahApaNanA nicoDarUpa kahevato mAnavIne potAnA bhUtakALanA bhavya vArasAnuM bhAna karAve che, ane tethI ja tenuM aitihAsika mahatva paNa rahe che. dA.ta. 'lADane tADane siddharAje sAthe kADhayAM' A kahevata solaMkIkALanI che je pramANe, hakIkatamAM kumArapALe jaina dharma aMgIkAra karyA pachI mAMsa, madirA rAjyamAMthI nAbUda karavA prayAsa karyA ane tADamAMthI banatI tADI nazo karAvatI hovAthI samagra sAmrAjyamAMthI tADanA jhADane nAbUda karAvyA hatA. Ama A kahevatamAMthI teno sudhArAvAdI abhigama jANI zakAya che. tevI ja rIte amadAvAda zahera vasavAnA viSayamAM kahevata che 'jaba kutte pe sassA Aya taba bAdazAhane zahara basAyA' tema ja Dabbe be ne deva khe" A kahevata suratathI muMbaI vacce sauprathama rela vyavahAra zarU thayo tyAranI che. jANyA pramANe, amalasADano eka sTezana mAstara vepArI pAse mAlanA eka DabbA dITha be rUpiyA leto hato.' paradezI prajAnA Agamane paNa keTalIka kahevato ApI. IrAnathI AvelI muslima ke pArasI prajAnI asara joIe to, "AMdhaLA AgaLa ArasI ne baherA AgaLa pArasI [pArasI = phArasI, na AvaDe tevI bhASA] vaLI, darekamAM pArasI pahelo' te mujaba sauprathama, 1600 - kissAe saMjANa lakhyuM - bahmana kekobAda 1672 - aMgreja TaMkazALamAM sikkA pADavAnI nokarI karanAra - ratanajI - 1724 - IMglenDa gayelA prathama pArasI (suratathI) - navarojI rUstamajI * kaoNleja, vyArA pathika mAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 * 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1750 - muMbaImAM godI bAMdhanAra - lavajI nasaravAnajI vAhaDiyA 1812 - prathama chApuM kADhanAra - phadunajI marjhalAna 1814 - prathama paMcAMga kADhanAra - phaMdunajI marjhalAna 1822 - prathama "muMbaI samAcAra' kADhanAra - pharTunajI marjhalAna te rIte aMgrejI prajAnA hiMda Agamana ane tenI sAmAjika kSetre gayelI asara paNa kahevatamAM daSTigocara thAya che jema ke, 'deva gayA DuMgare ne pIra gayA makka aMgrejonA rAjamAM DheDa bhAre dhakke." rAjAzAhI mAnasanuM pratibiMba paNa kahevatomAM chatuM thAya che. lAMbAkALathI astitvamAM rahelI rAjAzAhI, tenA pheraphAra ane tenAthI thatI lokajIvana para asara Ama joI zakAya che. - kyAM rAjA bhoja ane kyAM gAMgo telI - rAjadaMDa jaga jue, grahadaMDa jue na koI - rAjAne gamI te rANI chANA vINatI ANI - rAjAnA putra zAhajAdA te rAjA mUA pachI mahArAjA - rAjA, vAjAM ne vAMdarAM traNeya sarakhA. Adarza rAjavI pratyeno prajAno ahobhAva ApaNe tyAM jANIto che paNa, madhyakALamAM muslima amala daramyAna, prajAmAnasa upara tenI kevI asara thaI teno khyAla A kahevatomAM joI zakAya che. rAjA pratye bhaktibhAva keLavavAne TevAyelI prajA paradezI rAjA ane rAjavahIvaTanA dUSaNothI sumAhitagAra hatI ane tethI ja rAjavahIvaTane dharma ane nItinI dRSTie mUlavatI Ama chatAM rAjAno mijAja jANI laIne vartavAnI prajAnI vyavahArakuzaLatA A kahevato dvArA pragaTa thAya che.. AvI anya rAjavahIvaTane lagatI kahevatomAM itihAsa joIe to eka vANiyo zAha ane bIjo zAha bAdazAha' mahaMmada begaDAnA zAsana daramyAna gujarAtamAM kAramo duSkALa paDyo tyAre eka zrImaMta vANiyAe duSkALagrastone madada karavA potAnI dhanasaMpatti kharcA-nAMkhI gujarAtane jIvatadAna ApyuM te vAta spaSTa kare che. zAsakonI rAjanIti spaSTa karatI anya eka kahevatamAM traNa traNa sattAonI viziSTatA samajI zakAya che. "mogalAI gaI tagAre pezvAI gaI nagAre aMgreja gayA pagAra." muslima zAsana daramyAna gujarAtanA nAgara brAhmaNoe phArasI bhASA zIkhI, muslima rAjakArabhAramAM sakriya thayelA te bAbata A kahevatamAM spaSTa thAya che. kalama kaDachIne barachIne paraNe nAgarasuta (kalama =mutsadIgIrI, kaDachI =pAkazAsa, barachI =lazkarI nokarI pathika, naimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 32 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gAyakavADI zAsana daramyAna gujarAtano vahIvaTa zivarAmabhAu karato hato te pramAdI ane ALasa hovAthI prajAne je hADamArI sahana karavI paDI hatI teno saMketa A pramANe spaSTa thAya che. 'zivarAma bhAu gArdI, be mahinAne bAra di, cAlyA pachI cAra di, UDyA pachI ATha di." rAjanItimAM dUraMdezitAno abhAva ane potAne sAmApakSa karatAM zreSTha mAnavAnI nIti ane tenA pariNAmo darzAvatI kahevata joIe to hanoja dehalI dUra asta ! (haju dilhI dUra che) je mujaba, mughalavaMzanA rAjavI mahaMmadazAhanA samayamAM IrAnanA samrATa nAdirazAhe dilhI para AkramaNa karyuM, tyAre cAMdanIcokanI eka phUlavALInAM premamAM cakacUra ane zarAbamAM DUbelA raMgIlAne jyAre samAcAra maLyA ke nAdirazAhanI phoja lAhora pasAra karI dilhI tarapha AvI rahI che tyAre eNe kaheluM- hajI dilhI dUra che, ane aMte tenuM patana thayuM hatuM. - "popAbAInuM rAja hovuM" A kahevata pramANe gujarAta, mahArASTra, rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza ane paMjAbamAM A zAsakaviSayaka bhinna bhinna vAto pravarte che game te hoya paNa popAbAInA rAjaamala daramyAna je bhraSTAcAra, arAjakatA, ane avyavasthA udbhavelI te spaSTa thAya che. rAjavahIvaTanI jema keTalAka bAhoza rAjavIone paNa kahevatomAM sthAna maLyuM che jema ke, eka bAjI saba pAjI eka nijhAma saba hajAma' pezvAomAM pahelA bAjIrAva ane nijhAmomAM nijhAma pahelo ja zreSTha hato tevuM kahevA mAge che. jaba taka nAnA taba taka pUnA matalaba ke jyAM sudhI nAnA phaDanavIsa che tyAM sudhI ja pUnAnI jAhojalAlI che. keTalAka vAdavivAdo temaja mahattvanI vyaktionA uddagAro paNa kahevata bane che jema ke samarakaMdanA bAdazAha taimuralaMga ane eka aMdha phakIranA saMvAdo parathI kahevata AvI ke "dalata aMdhI hotI hai" tevuM ja nijhAmudIna oliyA ane mahaMmadatughalakhanA saMvAde kahevata ApI jemAMthI tugalakhAbAdanA sarjana ane patanano saMketa maLe che, "yA base gujara, yA rahe ujaDa' aitihAsika prasaMga game te sthaLe banela hoya te pradezanI bhASAmAM uddabhavelI aitihAsika kahevata mULa svarUpe ja sarvatra jovA maLe che. udA. tarIke baceMge to aura bhI laDeMge' I.sa. 1761mAM pANIpatanI laDAImAM dattAjI zide ahamadazAha abdAlInI senA sAthe laDatA laDatA ghAyala thaI DhaLI paDyA tyAre muslima saradAre mazkarI karatAM temane pUchyuM ke haju laDavuM che? tyAre dattAjIe je javAba e Apyo te upara pramANe kahevatarUpa pAmyo. mahArASTranA itihAsane sparzatI anya eka kahevata joIe to, gaDha AlA para siMha gelA pathika, naimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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siMhagaDhanA killAne jItatAM zivAjInA khAsa vizvAsu senApati tAnAjI zahIda thayA hatA. zivAjIne tAnAjI gumAvyAnuM du:kha temanA uparokta udgAromAMthI pragaTa thAya che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir te ja rIte amadAvAda gujarAta para marAThA saradAra pezvA bAjIrAva bIjAno sUbo selUkara amadAvAdamAM hakUmata bhogavI rahela. te vilAsI hovAthI amadAvAdanA gAyakavADa pratinidhino devAdAra thayo. AthI selUkare gAyakavADI sUbAne mArI nAMkhavA havelI para humalo karyo. AthI gusse thayela gAyakavADe amadAvAda para caDhAI karI selUkara hAryo ane amadAvAdamAMthI pezvAI nAbUda thaI A banAve kahevata ApI ke, 'havelI letAM gujarAta khoI'-10 AvI ja eka anya kahevata maLe che 'verAvaLa letAM coravADa khoI keTalIka kahevatomAMthI sthAnika itihAsa jANI zakAto hoya che. 'bhAMgyuM bhAMgyuM paNa bharUca'-ta bharUcamAM aneka vakhata rela AvI, duSkALa paDyA, pezvAo, marAThAo, aMgrejonA AkramaNa thayA, chatAM tenuM astitva TakI rahyuM te jANI zakAya che. vaLI, vAtamAM ne vAtamAM lallubhAIe bharUca khoyuM' je mujaba lallubhAI bharUcanA navAbI rAjyanA aMgata salAhakAra hatA, koIka vakhata navAbathI ajANatAM lallubhAInuM apamAna thaI gayuM. lallubhAIe A apamAnano badalo levA aMgreja pakSe bhaLI jaI navAbane pAchale bAraNe AkramaNa vakhate bhagADI mUkyo. aMgrejoe bharUcano kabjo lIdho. Ama A kahevatamAM bharUcanA navAbI rAjyanA aMtanI kathA joI zakAya che. vaLI, ApaNane bodha paNa maLe che ke najIvA kAraNane laIne moTuM nukazAna kadI veThavuM nahIM.12 aMgreja sAmrAjyavAdane darzAvatI anya eka kahevatanI hakIkata joIe to kAzI para caitasiMhanI gerahAjarImAM tenA sainya 52 vorana hesTiMgse humalo karyo. caitasiMhane jANa thatAM mArate ghoDe AvI vorana hesTiMgsanI senA para joradAra AkramaNa karyuM. hesTiMgse pAchA haTavAnI sainyane sUcanA ApI paNa te evo gabharAyela ke tene potAne kyA jAnavara para zuM nAMkhavuM tenuM paNa bhAna rahyuM na hatuM jenA parathI ukti banI ke tema ja, ghoDe para haudA aura hattI para jIna * jAna bacAne ke liye pale vorana hesTiMgsa' anya keTalIka kahevatomAMthI kacchane lagato itihAsa jANI zakAya che. dhIMge jI dharAne baMdUke jI bAyaDI dhIMgAnI dharatI ane baLiyAnI sI13 khaTyo kheMgAra ane bhogavyo bhAra kacchanA rAozrI kheMgArajI pahelAe ghaNI musIbato veThIne kacchano kabjo meLavyo ane khajAno bharapUra karyo enA kuMvara bhAramallajIe A khajAnAno khUba udAratAthI upayoga karyo hato. 14 'kAro kAM bhAro rudho kAM rA' rAojI kheMgArajI pahelAnA vakhatamAM kAro ane rudho nAmanA be sArasvata bhAIo kheMgArajI sAthe morabIthI kaccha AvelA ane morabI para jIta meLavavA temaNe kheMgArajIne khUba madada karelI te vAta A kahevatamAMthI pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 34 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra jANI zakAya che.15 kacchanA itihAsa prasiddha jhArAnA yuddhane samAvatI kahevata joIe to juddha jarAsaMgha jo abaDe paNa kyau iya lakhe lekha cADeA jhAre bhUcara jIMya' rAjavahIvaTa, yuddha, rAjA-mahArAjAonA vyaktitva, vagerenI jema keTalAka adbhuta sthApatye paNa kahevato ApI che. 'rANI kI vAva, dAmodara kUvo je na juve te jIvato mUo' bhImadevanA rANI udayamatIe lAkho rUpiyAnA kharce pATaNanI prasiddha vAva baMdhAvelI tenuM adbhuta sthApatyakAma jovA jevuM hovAthI uparyukta kahevata AvI che.17 jUnAgaDhanA uparakoTamAM AvelI aDIkaDInI vAva ane navaghaNakUvAnA adbhuta sthApatya mATe paNa kahevata che ke aDI kaDI vAva ne navaghaNa kUvo jeNe na joyo te jIvato mUo' iDaranA killAnI abhedya bAMdhaNIe ame iDarIyo gaDha jItyA' jevA lagnagIta ane pAchaLathI kahevata ApI. 18 zAsakonA sthApatya pAchaLanA AMdhaLA kharcA ane tene kAraNe prajAne veThavI paDatI hADamArI ane aMte sattAnuM patana darzAvatI aneka kahevato jovA maLe che. temAnuM ekAda udAharaNa joIe to, 'sulatAne kAMkariyuM karyuM'(devuM karIne kAma karavuM) kutabuddIne devuM karIne paNa sthApatyanirmANa cAlu rAkhyuM aMte tenuM patana thayeluM teno saMketa che. ane aMtamAM hiMdustAnanA prAcIna kALathI videza sAthenA saMbaMdho spaSTa karatI ekAda be kahevata joIe, 'laMkAnI lADIne ghoghAno vara' tathA 'cIna paisA lIMyA chIna' uparyukta kahevatomAM bhAratanA silona sAthenA sAmAjika saMbaMdhono tathA cIna sAthenA vyApArika saMbaMdhono itihAsa samajI zakAya che.19 TUMkamAM, kahevatomAM kyAMya kyAMka daMtakathAo tathA atizayokti jovA maLe che paraMtu AvI keTalIka kahevatomAMthI zuddha itihAsa paNa jANI zakAya che. kahevatono abhyAsa e mAnava-saMskRti ane mAnava-itihAsanI bhulAyelI hakIkato tAjI karavAmAM madadarUpa bane che. samayAMtare prajAno itihAsa parivartana pAmato rahe che. anya prajAo sAthenA samAgamonI mAtrAmAM paNa vadhaghaTa thatI rahe che ane tethI kahevatomAM paNa rUpAMtaro thatAM rahe che. Ama hovAthI kahevatonA abhyAsathI mAnavaitihAsanI AgavI viziSTatAonI tathA tenA vividha pAsAMnI jhAMkhI thAya che. AthI aitihAsika dRSTie paNa kahevatonuM ghaNuM mahattva raheluM kahI zakAya. pAdanoMdha 1. "The genius, wit and spirit of a nation are discovered in proverbs" - Bacon. 'bhagavadgomaMDaLa' bhAga 4, pravINa prakAzana, rAjakoTa, p. 4068 2. pathika traimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 0 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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3. "bRhad kAvyadohana', bhAga-1, AvRtti pAMcamI, rAvaNa maMdodarI saMvAda, zAmaLa 4. "bRhad kahevata kathAsAgara', araviMda narmadAzaMkara zAstrI, muMbaI, p. 181 5. "ApaNI kahevato eka adhyayana', anasUyA, bI. trivedI, amadAvAda-1970, p.80 kathanAvaLI, maganalAla vakhatacaMda zAha, amadAvAda-1968, p.3 rAjadarabAra, bakula bakSI, amadAvAda, 1991, p.3 8. rUDhiprayoga ane kahevatasaMgraha', gujarAtarAjaya, gAMdhInagara, 1992, p. 138 bhagavadgomaMDaLa', aMka 6, pravINa prakAzana, rAjakoTa-1986, p-5836 9. "bRhad kahevata kathAsAgara', p-473 10. "bRhad kahevata kathAsAgara', p-473 11. rUDhiprayoga ane kahevatakoSa', caMdrikAbahena paTela, amadAvAda, 1992, p.128 12. bRhad kathAsAgara', "bharUca zaherano itihAsa', gaNapatarAma hiMmatarAma, desAI, (vadhu vigata mATe), p.378 13. "kacchanuM lokasAhitya', kArANI, dulerAya ela. 14. "kacchI kahevato', dulerAya kArANI, gujarAta rAjya lokasAhitya samiti, amadAvAda, 1976, p.50 15. uparyukta, p.39 16. "kacchanuM vividhalakSI lokasAhitya, dulerAya kArANI, gujarAta rAjya lokasAhitya samiti, amadAvAda, p.36 17. "gujarAtanA solaMkIkAlIna itihAsa', na.A. AcArya, yuni. graMthanirmANa borDa, amadAvAda-1973, p.444 18. "bhagavadgomaMDaLa', bhAga-3, rAjakoTa, 1986, p.2714 19. saMskRti', aMka chaThTho, jUna, 195ra, p.230 anya saMdarbhagraMtho 1. "biMdumAM siMdhu', raMbhAbahena gAMdhI, amadAvAda, 1972 2. cakravartI gurjaro', ka.mA. munzI, amadAvAda, 1966 3. arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana', hIrAlAla tribhuvanadAsa pArekha, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda, 1976 4. "janakalyANa', varSa 12, aMka-1, phebru, 1992 kahevata kathAnako puSpa', 326, prakAzaka, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, vaDodarA, 1958 6. "hA vAvalaMjhatA ' bA 1, 2, saMpAdaka - yazavaMta rAmakRSNa dAte, ciMtAmaNi gaNezakaryuM, pUnA, 1942 7. ApaNI kahevato, zaMkarabhAI mo. paTela, bhAratIya sAhitya saMgha limiTeDa, amadAvAda. pathika raimAsika2 julAIesTa-sapTembara 20000 36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtano eka navatara satyAgraha : malAva jaMgala satyAgraha ronaka sonI* bhAratamAM briTiza zAsana daramyAna I.sa. 1915 thI 1947 sudhI bhAratIya prajAnA svataMtratA prAptinA prayAsa tenI parAkASTAe pahoMcyA. zarUAtamAM sAMsthAnika svarAjaya meLavavAthI zarU thayelI A kvAyata 1929mAM pUrNa svarAjyanA TharAva sudhI pahoMcI. A gALA daramyAna 1920mAM asahakAra, 1930mAM savinaya kAnUna bhaMga ane 194ramAM hiMda choDo jevAM traNa moTAM AMdolana dvArA gAMdhIjIe prajAnA moTA bhAgane ahiMsaka ane satyAgrahI banAvyo. (uparokta traNeya AMdolanomAM 1930nuM savinaya kAnUna bhaMga AMdolana gAMdhIjInA viziSTa prakAranA kAryakramone kAraNe itihAsamAM suprasiddha che. mIThA jevI mAmUlI cIja mATe thayelo A satyAgraha briTiza sAmrAjayane luNo lagADI jaze enI te samaye aMgrejoe kalpanA paNa karI na hatI. savinaya kAnUnabhaMga AMdolana ane dAMDIkUcamAM gAMdhIjIe satyAgrahIonI maryAdA bAMdhI hatI. paraMtu ene badale AvAja prakAranA kAryakramo jillA ane tAlukA kakSAe paNa thAya tevI apekSA rAkhI hatI. e mujaba savinaya kAnUna bhaMga. AMdolananA eka bhAga rUpe gholerA, vIramagAma ane dharAsaNA jevA sthaLoe paNa puraka mIThA satyAgraho thayA hatA. gujarAtanA dareka jillAoe A satyAgrahanI asara rUpe paMcamahAla jillAmAM kAlola tAlukAnA malAva gAme "jaMgala satyAgraha' nAmano satyAgrahanA itihAsamAM eka navatara prayogarUpa satyAgraha karavAmAM Avyo hato. - bhAratanA svataMtratA AMdolana daramyAna paMcamahAla paNa e badhA ghaTanA kramathI vaNasparphe rahI zakyuM na hatuM. paMcamahAlanA nAyakaDAoe 1857mAM baLavA samaye briTiza sarakAra sAme hathiyAra uThAvyA, tyArathI paMcamahAla prajA. svataMtratA AMdolananI asarone jhIlatI AvI hatI. paMcamahAlanI prajAmAM rAjakIya pariSada (godharA)e sauthI agatyanuM pradAna ApyuM hatuM. uparAMta gujarAtamAM samaye samaye thatI rahelI svAtaMtrya pravRttimAM jillAnA AgevAno jevA ke vAmanarAva mukAdama, mArutisiMha ThAkora, lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMta vageree paNa phALo Apyo hato. :ekaMdare jotAM gujarAtanA anya jillAonI sarakhAmaNImAM paMcamahAla jillAmAM rAjakIya cetanA thoDI moDI thaI hatI. chatAM potAnA anubhavone kAraNe mahAtmA gAMdhIe paNa paMcamahAlanI zaktione sArI rIte pichANI hatI. tA. 15 eprila, 1930nA roja lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMtane uddezIne lakhelA patramAM gAMdhIjIe paMcamahAlanI janatAne saMdezo Apyo hato ke,......" paMcamahAla moDuM jAge che temAMya IzvarI saMketa haze. A dharmayuddhamAM pahelA chelle bese ne chellA pahele bese to navAInI vAta na gaNAya : paMcamahAlanI zaktino to pAra ja nathI. paNa have duHkha e che ke ApaNe ghaNI vAra ApaNI zaktine oLakhatA nathI. A vakhate e oLakha karavAnI che. paMcamahAla karaze evI AzA che ja." gAMdhIjInI A vAta dharAsaNA satyAgrahamAM vAmanarAva mukAdama ane mArutisiMha ThAkora jovA paMcamahAlanA svataMtrya sainikoe batAvelo bahAdurIne kAraNe kahevAI hatI. gAMdhIjInA jillA ane tAlukA kakSAe pUraka mIThA satyAgraho karavAnA AhvAnane samagra gujarAtanA jillAo ane tAlukAoe sAro pratisAda Apyo hato. gujarAtamAM jyAM jyAM mIThuM pakavavAnI suvidhAo hatI tyAM tyAM lokoe nAnA moTA satyAgraho karyA hatA. paraMtu paMcamahAla jillAnI kamanasIbI e hatI ke, ahIM dariyAkAMTho na hovAthI mIThAno satyAgraha karavo muzkela hato. uparAMta bIjA jillAmAMthI binajakAtI mIThuM lAvI vecavAno satyAgraha to A jillAnI prajAe karyo hato. paNa paMcamahAlanI nokarazAhIe A satyAgrahamAM phakta be ja kAryakartAonI dharapakaDa karI. vadhu satyAgrahIone pakaDavAnuM baMdha karyuM. tethI e yojanA ahIM lAMbu cAlI zakI nahIM. mIThAno satyAgraha paNa zakya na hato to pachI gAMdhyajInI A mahAna laDatathI paMcamahAla kema alipta rahI * zoTha pI.TI.ArTasa enDa sAyansa kaoNleja, godharA, TI.vAya.bI.e(itihAsa) pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 * 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zake ? ane mIThAnA satyAgraha nahIM to zuM ? evA manomaMthanamAMthI malAva jaMgala satyAgrahanI vAta UbhI thaI. Ama to gAMdhIjInI pUrNa svarAjayanI laDatanA maMDANanI zarUAtamAM zrI vAmanarAva mukAdame jaMgala satyAgrahanI hAkala karI hatI. jhAlodamAM bharAyelI bhIla pariSade jaMgalanA je hakko chInavI levAmAM AvyA hatA; khAsa karIne mAthAbhArI lAkaDA vecavAnI chUTa, te sabaMdhI sapta virodha darzAvI jaMgala satyAgrahanI laDatanuM vAtAvaraNa rahyuM hatuM. TUMkamAM malAva jaMgala satyAgraha e paMcamahAlanI bhaugolika sthiti sAthe briTiza sarakAranA anyAyono sAmano karavA mATe paNa eTalo ja prAsaMgika hato. Ama paNa jaMgala satyAgraha mATe AkhA gujarAtamAM paMcamahAla jevuM bIjuM anukULa kSetra bIjuM ekeya na hatuM. tenA netAonA mate paMcamahAlanAe samayanA pAMceya tAlukAomAM jaMgala, satyAgrahanI laData sArI rIte jAmI zake ema hatI. paMcamahAlanA bhIlo tathA nAyakone svarAjya tyAre AvatuM dekhAze ke jyAre jaMgalanA chInavI levAmAM AvelA temanA janmasiddha hakko temane pAchA ApavAmAM Avaze. Ama netAoe paMcamahAlanI bahumatI evI AdivAsI prajAne paNa agatyanA baLa tarIke A AMdolanamAM sAthe rAkhavAnuM nakkI karyuM hatuM. - uparokta kAraNosara paMcamahAla jillAnA AgevAnoe kAlola tAlukAnA malAva gAme jaMgala satyAgraha zarU karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. sthAnika netAoe karelI yojanA anusAra hAthathI ghAsa ukhADIne ane Dhorone bIDamAM chaTAM caravA mUkI devAnI vAta paNa malAva jaMgala satyAgrahamAM abhipreta hatI. ahiMsAnuM pUrNapaNe pAlana thAya te mATe dAtaraDA ne kuhADI jevA hathiyArono upayoga karavAnI A satyAgrahanA mukhya agraNI lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMte niSedha karI hatI. uparokta bAbatamAM gAMdhIjInA ahiMsAnA siddhAMtanuM pAlana to hatuM ja sAthe sAthe jaMgalanA jhADo ke je ApaNA dezanuM aNamola dhana che ane surakSita rAkhavAnI vAta paNa saMkaLAyelI hatI. A uparAMta jaMgala satyAgrahanI saphaLatA pachI sarakAra jamIna mahesula paNa nahIM ugharAvI zake evI dUranI zakyatA paNa netAo jotA hatA. . malAva jaMgala satyAgraha mATe 26 sapTembara 1930no divasa nakkI karavAmAM Avyo. malAva jaMgala satyAgraha sthAnika kakSAe thayelo hovA chatAM tenA netAoe tenuM vyavasthita paNe Ayojana karyuM hatuM. (1) ghavAyelA sainikonI sAravAra mATe DaoNkTaro sevikAo ane reDakrosanA sainiko hAjara rakhAyA hatA. (2) kheDUtoe AkhI rAta kAMsI ane mRdaMganI ramajhaTa bolAvI bhajanonI jhaDIo varasAvI AkhA vAtAvaraNane pavitra karI mUkyuM hatuM. (3) pratyeka satyAgrahIonI gAmavAra yAdI taiyAra karI hatI. je Azare 150 sudhI pahoMcI hatI. (4) moTA netAonI hAjarI vagara cAlanArI A satyAgraha saphaLa thAya mATe janatAne ahiMsAnI gAMdhI cIMdhI vAto samajAvI hatI. (5) raNakSetra parathI kalAke kalAke kalolanI mukhya ophise saMdezA maLI rahe te mATenI vyavasthA karI hatI. enA mATe paNa eka TukaDI racAI hatI. 26 sapTembara, 1930nA yAdagAra divase zukravAre cAra-pAMca hajAranA mAnava samUhane tenA saradAra lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMte potAno preraNAdAyI saMdezo Apyo. zrI zrIkAMtanI pAchaLa goThavAI "raghupati rAghava rAjA rAmanI pavitra dhUna jagAvatA saraghasanA AkAramAM mAnava samUha jaMgala satyAgraha karavA taiyAra thayo. AvA satyAgrahomAM polIsanuM je kAma hoya che tevuM kAma jillAnI polIse paNa karyuM. satyAgrahIo malAva pahoMcyA te pahelAM raNakSetrane ghero ghAlI paMcamahAlanI polIsa paDI hatI. satyAgraha zarU karatAM pahelAM sarakAranA pratinidhi rU5 jillA mejisTreTa mi. kripAlAnI, saba DivIjhanala mejisTreTa mi. lADa, polIsa supri. mi. janAna zAha, De.po. supri. mi. kAbarAjI, jaMgalakhAtAnA vaDA mi. senDImena vageree satyAgrahanA jokhamonI cetavaNI ApI lokone satyAgraha na karavA samajAvyA. chatAM satyAgrahIo sarakArI adhikArIonI vinaMtI ane jokhamonI vAtane gaNakAryA vagara badhA satyAgrahIoe lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMtanA pagale ghAsanA cAraso ekaranA bIDamAM praveza karI hAthathI pathika, naimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 - 38 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ghAsa toDI ane seMkaDo Dhorone jaMgalamAM chUTA caravA mUkI daI sarakAranA e anyAyI kAyadAno polIsanI rubaru savinaya bhaMga karI jaMgala satyAgrahano vijayavaMta vAvaTo UDato karyo. vizALa pramANamAM satyAgrahIo ane seMkaDo Dhorone rokavAnuM ke aMkuzamAM rAkhavAnuM kAma polIsa mATe muzkela ja nahIM paNa azakya hatuM. A satyAgraha mAtra be ja kalAka cAlyo hato. "jaMgala kA kAnUna toDa diyA"nI jayaghoSa sAthe vijaya sainya saradAra (lakSmIdAsa) sAthe harSabhera mukAma para AvyuM. A satyAgrahamAM sarakAre judI nIti apanAvI hatI. satyAgraha saphaLa na thAya teTalA mATe prajAne netAvihIna karI devA mATe DaoN. mANekalAla gAMdhI, mArUtisiMha ThAkora, ane bakorabhAI paTelane godharAnI saba jelamAM satyAgraha zarU thAya e pahelAM pUrI dIdhA. vaLI satyAgraha cAlI rahyo hato. tyAre satyAgrIone chaMcheDavAnI koI bhUla karI na hatI. paraMtu satyAgraha karI pAchA vaLI rahelA polIsoe 13 thI 14 jeTalA sainiko para lAThIo calAvI temane ghAyala karyA hatA. uparAMta satyAgraha pUro karI eja rAtre kAlolamAM lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMtanI dharapakaDa karI hatI. zrI lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMtane jaMgala kAyadAnI kalamo 26-DI anusAra traNa mAsa, kalama 143 anusAra traNa mAsa ane 117 anusAra pAMca mAsanI ema kula 11 mAsanI sajAo karavAmAM AvI anya 3pa thI 40 satyAgrahIone paNa nAnI moTI sajA karavAmAM AvI hatI. agAu pakaDAyelA mANekalAla gAMdhI, bakorabhAI paTela upara tArIkha 6-9-30 thI 16-9-30 sudhI svarAjya saMghamAM je bhASaNo ApelA tene malAvanA jaMgala satyAgrahanI uzkeraNInA gaNI kADhI I.pI.ko. kalama 117nA roja delola, kaMDAca ane aDAdarAmAM ApelA bhASaNone paNa uzkeraNInA gaNI te ja kalama anusAra pAMca mAsanI ba varganI sAdI kedanI sajA karI. Ama mAtra eka divasa ane emAMya be kalAka mATe thayelo A satyAgraha netAonI dharapakaDa sAthe pUro thayo. samagra gujarAtanA satyAgrahanA itihAsamAM A eka navatara prayoga hato. paraMtu kamanasIbI e che ke, gujarAtanA satyAgrahanA itihAsamAM AvI navInatA dharAvatA satyAgrahanI noMdha amuka apavAdone bAda karatA* bahu ochI levAya che chatAM, tenA mahattvane avagaNI zakAya ema nathI. kAraNa ke prathama to A satyAgraha eka viziSTa prakArano ane koI moTA netAonA mArgadarzana vinA thayelo hovAthI agatyano bane che. bIjuM ke, sthAnika netAonI dharapakaDa ane maMTA netAonI gerahAjarImAM paNa satyAgrahIoe gAMdhIjInA ahisAnA siddhAMtanuM custapaNe pAlana karyuM hatuM. trIjuM ke A satyAgrahamAM pakaDAyelA moTA bhAganA netAo ane kAryakaro paMcamahAlanA kAlola tAlukAnA hatA, tethI pAchaLathI jayAre 'nA-kara'nI laData vyavasthita paNe cAlI zakI na hatI. kAraNa ke, malAva jaMgala satyAgrahamAM pakaDAyelA sainikonI gerahAjarImAM kAlolanuM rAjakIya jIvana zUnya banI gayuM hatuM. uparokta bAbato uparAMta A satyAgrahanA mukhya netA lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMtanA zabdo malAva jaMgala satyAgrahanA mahattvane samajavA mATe pUratAM thaI paDaze... "milAvano jaMgala satyAgraha gujarAtamAM eka daSTie apUrva hato ane te saphaLa thayo. eTaluM ja nahIM te ahiMsaka rIte pAra paDyo, .............. paMcamahAlano A laDatamAM bahu ja moTo phALo hato. ghaNAM yuvakoe jela bhogavI svarAjya saMgrAmanA itihAsamAM paMcamahAlanuM nAma ujjavala karyuM che, jemAM bhIla sevA maMDaLanA AdivAsI yuvaka yuvatIono phALo nAno sUno na hato. saMdarbha sUci: 1. zrIkAMta lakSmIdAsa mAru, "gAMdhI yuganuM ghaDatara', bhIla sevA maMDaLa, dAhoda, 1980, prathama AvRtti 2. "gAMdhIjIno akSara deha', pustaka-43, navajIvana prakAzana, amadAvAda, 1976, prathama AvRtti 3. dave DAhyAbhAI, zrI kAlola tAlukA mahA samitino 1930-31no vArSika ahevAla (tAlukAno svAtaMtrya yuddhano itihAsa), kAloka tAlukA samiti, 1931, 4. desAI mahebuba, "gujarAtanA navatara satyAgraho', gurjara graMtharatna prakAzana, amadAvAda, 1999, prathama AvRtti, 5. "paMcasetu' (pAkSika), aMka-9 ane 10, godharA 6. zukla jayakumAra, "svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM gujarAta', navabhArata sAhitya maMdira, amadAvAda, 1993, prathama AvRtti * ('malAva jaMgala satyAgraha eka prakaraNa tarIke zrI mahebUba desAIe potAnA pustaka 'gujarAtanA navatara satyAgrahomAM lIdhI che.) pathika saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara 2000 * 39 For Private and Personal Use Only

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raimAsika : julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2000 POSTAGE 33.11.00 = 0 2 0 0 BOOK-POST pathika Printed Matter RUPEES OO PORNO Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra TO, AjIvana sabhya 298 Do. rAmajIbhAI ThAkarazI sAvaliyA e-4, yazapurUSanagara, karmacArI nagara sAme, 2nApArka, dhATaloDiyA, amadAvAda - 380 001 For Private and Personal Use Only ravAnA : pathika kAryAlaya, C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009