Jivannu Jawahir

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Gurjar Sahitya Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034423/1

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jIvananuM javAhira kumArapALa desAI

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jIvananuM javAhira lekhaka kumArapALa desAI gUrjara ejansI ratanapoLa nAkA pAse, gAMdhIroDa, amadAvAda-380 001

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kumArapALa desAI AvRtti : prathama, 2016 kiMmata : pRSTha saMkhyA : 160 arpaNa apAra zArIrika muzkelIo chatAM daDha manobaLa ane paoNjhiTiva vicAradhArAthI jIvananA kaparA jaMgamAM AnaMdabhera hiMmatapUrvaka jIvanAra caMdreza pI. zAha ane aDaga dharmazraddhAthI apUrva samatA dhAraNa karanAra uSAbena caMdrezabhAI zAha nakala prakAzaka mudraka

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pIMchIno eka lasarako gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA preraNAdAyI prasaMgonAM moTA bhAganAM pustakomAM bhAratanA RSi-munio ke mahApuruSonA jIvanaprasaMgo maLe che. thoDAMka pustakomAM bhAratIya saMskRtine darzAvatA prasaMgonI sAthosAtha thoDAka videzI mahAnubhAvonA preraNAdAyI prasaMgo maLe che, jyAre ahIM 'jIvananuM javAhira'mAM videzanA rAjapuruSo, vidvAno, vijJAnIo, citrakAro, lekhako ane ciMtakonA prasaMgo AlekhavAmAM AvyA che. A jIvanaprasaMgonI sAthosAtha emanA jIvanakAryanI vizeSatA paNa saMkSepamAM darzAvI che ane e rIte pIMchInA eka lasarake emanA vyaktitvanI AchI rUparekhA upasAvavAno prayatna karyo che. A graMthamAM kanphyUziyasa, saoNkreTisa, pleTo jevA vicArakonI sAthosAtha barTrAnDa rasela, samaraseTa maoNma, agAthA krisTI, jaoNna raskina, jyorja barnArDa zaoN, mArka Tvena, liyonArDo da vincI, arnesTa hemiMgve, vaoNlTara skaoNTa jevA sarjakonA prasaMgo maLe che, to enI sAthosAtha abrAhama liMkana, lenina, nepoliyana bonApArTa, mustaphA kamAla pAzA, vinsTana carcila, phrenkalina rUjhavelTa, cAlsa da' gola jevA rASTrapuruSonI jIvanajhAMkhI prApta thAya che. ahIM thomasa AlvA eDisana, benjAmina phrenkalina, AlbarTa AinsTAina, meksa plAnka jevA saMzodhakonI vAta che, to parvatArohaka eDamanDa hilerI ane normana kajhinsanA jIvananI preraNAdAyI ghaTanAo paNa maLaze. A pustakanA prakAzana mATe zrI manubhAI zAhe khUba jahemata uThAvI che. vaLI 'gujarAta samacAra'no tathA zrI zreyAMsabhAI zAha, zrI bAhubalibhAI zAha tathA zrI nirmama zAhano AbhArI chuM. A prasaMgomAMthI vAcakone jagatanI pratibhAonA jIvananI mArmika ghaTanAmAMthI navIna jIvanadRSTi ane maulika abhigama prApta thaze evI AzA rAkhuM chuM. kumArapALa desAI 14-6-2016 amadAvAda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. . 3. .. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 13. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. anukrama vyartha vAcALatA prasanna sahanazakti mArA ja zabdonuM khUna kAma pramANe gati hAsyalekhakano uttara sevAnI jalatI jyota zaktino pArakhu ArasanuM sauMdarya mArI vicitra zodha gussAno upAya vicAronI abhivyakti khAmIono svIkAra mananI prayogazALA o mAunTa eNvaresTa ! AcaraNanI bheTa nAsIpAsa to nahIM ja ! madadano pAtra duSkALanuM kAraNa aNIno jakhama snAnamAM samaya sTezananI zodha pustakanI kiMmata sahu samAna mAruM dezabaMdhutva ciMtA rAkhazo nahIM benjAmina phrenkalina phrenkalina rUjhavelTa khalila jibrAna thomasa AlvA eDisana olivara haraphorDa nelsana maMDelA abrAhama liMkana mAikalaeNnjelo barTrAnDa rasela juliyasa sIjhara viliyama gerisana olivara kromavela AlbarTa AinsTAina eDamanDa hilerI kanphyUziyasa samaraseTa maoNma sara laoNrensa oliviyara jyorja barnArDa zaoN thomasa AlvA eDisana haeNrI Tumena gugaDIDama mArkonI abrAhama liMkana lenina saoNkreTisa benjAmina phrenkalina ' 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 43 49 51 53 55 57

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111 115 119 121 26. soyAno upayoga 27. maheNAMno javAba 28. snehanI sabharatA 29. prabaLa AtmavizvAsa 30. oNparezanonA anubhava 31. ziSTAcArano savAla muktinI jhaMkhanA 33. prastAvano asvIkAra 34. mahAmUrkhanI sAbitI 35. nekadila insAna 36. bhItaranI vAta 37. puruSArthamAM prabaLa zraddhA 38. sAhityano AnaMdarasa 39. yuddhakhora to sAva badatara 40. mArI priya pRthvI 41. sarjananI kartavyaniSThA TIkA ane niMdA AMgaLInI bhASA asvIkArano AnaMda 45. ahaMkArane Thesa 46. peTanTanI utAvaLa huM koNa chuM ? 48. bALakanuM mana 49. ImAnadArI kAje pa0. vAcanarasa e jIvanarasa 51. satyanI zodha kSaNe kSaNe lUI breila viliyama morisa cArlsa Dikinjha. cArlI ceplina bUtha TArakiMgTana annA elinora rUjhavelTa 69 phreDarika DaglAsa lUI pAzcara DAyojinisa kaphyuziyasa thomasa AlvA eDisana abrAhama liMkana maeNksima gorkI maulinovaskI yurI gAgArina DaoN. hArve kuziMga benjAmina phrenkalIna vaoNziMgTana ronkiMga ruDyArDa kipliga vinsTana carcila lUI pAzvara Arthara zaoNpanahora sigmanDa phroiDa DaoN. smoleTa peTrArka pleTo para. vedanAmuktino upAya pa3. aNahaka para hakka 54. sainikanI ciMtA 55. navA yugano prAraMbhaka 56. paiDAMmAM tela sIMcanAra pa7. mananA pArakhu 58. mArAmAM vizvAsa rAkha pa9. mAro abhiprAya dhyeyanI agniparIkSA 61. AjamAM jIvo 62. ThaMDI tAkAta 63. sauthI kiMmatI bheTa 64. sarjananI laganI 65. vicAranI samRddhi ka6. eDisananuM vaeNkezana 67. huM chuM koNa ? 68. kevo bukamArka ! 69. monAlisAnuM sarjana 70. satya ja sarvasva 71. halakuM kAma? 72. khaMtano mahimA 73. vaibhavamAM dAridraDha 74. premano padArthapATha 75. uttara tArI pAse 76. mArI javAbadArI normana kajhinsa phAhiyAna 113 nepoliyana bonApArTa maMksa plAnka 117 agAthA krisTI eNnDru kArnegI cArlsa da' gola vinsTana carcila jemsa gArDana baneTa 127 jona raskina 129 mArka Trena 131 mustaphA kamAla pAzA 133 jhA phrAsvA mila 135 harbarTa sTenDI thomasa AlvA eDisana 139 kArlAila 141 AlbarTa AinsTAina 143 liyonArDo da vincI 145 meksa plAnka 143 abrAhama liMkana 149 arnesTa hemiMgva 1pa1 TaoNlsToya 153 vaoNlTara skaoNTa 155 kaphyuziyasa 157 pAyathAgorasa 1pa9 137 42. 47. o 8 8

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benjAmina phrenkalina e sAbu ane mINabattI banAvanAra pitAnAM 17 vyartha. saMtAnomAMnuM dasamuM saMtAna hatA. mAtra bAra varSanI uMmare abhyAsa choDIne vAcALatA emanA bhAInA presamAM zikhAu kArIgara tarIke joDAyA ane pachI A vyavasAya arthe pahelAM philADelphiyA ane tyAra bAda laMDanamAM kAma karyuM. benjAmina phrenkalina paga vALIne bese evo nahoto ane enI jIbhane virAma ApavAmAM mAnato nahoto, AthI eNe calaNI noTo chApanAra tarIkenuM kAma zarU karyuM. tarata ja eka dainikano prAraMbha karyo. tahevAro ane mahattvanI prasaMgonI mAhitI ApatuM ane e tArIkhonI khAlI jagAmAM udyama ane DahApaNano mahimA darzAvatI zikhAmaNo ApatAM kaeNlenDara chApavA lAgyo. A vAcALa yuvAna eka pachI eka kAryo karato raheto. eNe eka agnizAmaka vibhAganI sthApanA karI. laeNnDiga lAibrerI UbhI karI ane eka akAdamI paNa sthApI, je samaya jatAM pensilveniyA yunivarsiTImAM pheravAI. AvAM keTalAMya kAmo karanAra benjAmina phrenkalina potAnI vAtane khUba dRDhatApUrvaka rajU karato jIvananuM javAhira kumArapALa desAI jIvananuM javAhira 9

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ane satata bolIne bIjAo para chApa pADavAno prayAsa karato. sAmI vyaktinI vAta zAMtithI sAMbhaLavAne badale potAnI vAta ja kare jato ane ethI keTalAka loko enI vAcALatAthI kaMTALIne ene sAmethI Avato jue eTale rasto badalI nAkhatA athavA to rastAne bIje cheDe jatA rahetA. eka vAra benjAmina phrenkalinanA mitrae ene enI A kSati samajAvI. eNe kahyuM ke tamArI pAse AgavI kAryazakti hovAthI AvI vAcALatAno Azaro levAnI jarUra nathI. tamArI vAcALatA ja tamArA mATe aNagamo pedA karanArI banI che. benjAmina phrenkaline mitranI e salAha svIkArI ane eNe jIvanamAM maunano mahimA karyo. bIjAnI vAta zAMtithI sAMbhaLavAnuM dhairya keLavyuM. pariNAma e AvyuM ke benjAmina phrenkalina vijJAnI to thayo, paraMtu amerikAne svataMtratA ApanAra kuzaLa mutsadI paNa banyo. 10 janma : 17, jAnyuArI, 1706, bosTana, amerikA avasAna - 17, eprila, 1790, philADelphiyA, pensilveniyA, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira prasanna sahanazakti satata cAra vakhata amerikAnA pramukhapadanI cUMTaNImAM vijetA bananAra phrenkalina rUjhavelTa evA ekamAtra pramukha che ke jeNe bAra varSa sudhI A gauravavaMto hoddo zobhAvyo hato. prathama vizvayuddha samaye amerikAnA naukAdaLanA madadanIza saciva tarIke phrenkalina rUjhavelTe yuropanAM yuddhamedAnono pravAsa karyo; paraMtu 1921nA oNgasTamAM rUjhavelTane lakavo thatAM garama pANInA jharAmAM taravA mATe javuM paDatuM. e samaye AvA garama pANInA jharAno lAbha lakavA dharAvatA garIba dardIone maLato nahoto, tethI phrenkalina rUjhavelTe garama pANInA jharA kharIdI lIdhA ane ghaNAM varSo sudhI dardIone ochA kharce sAravAranI sagavaDa karI ApI. dhIre dhIre tabiyatamAM sudhAro thatAM rUjhavelTe rAjakAraNamAM punarAgamana karyuM. 1928mAM ane 1930mAM nyUyaoNrkanA gavarnara tarIke cUMTAyA. e pachI DemokreTika pakSa taraphathI pakSAghAtanI asara dharAvatA rUjhavelTa 1932mAM pramukhapadanI cUMTaNImAM UbhA rahyA ane 1933mAM mArca mahinAmAM punaH pramukha banyA. jIvananuM javAhira 11

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emanA netRtva ane anubhavone kAraNe teo pramukha tarIke cUMTAtA rahyA, eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa dvitIya vizvayuddha daramiyAna zArIrika muzkelIo dharAvatA rUjhavelTa ghaNI vAra videzanA pravAse gayA. pramukha rUjhavelTe carcila ane sTAlina jevA rAjapuruSo sAthe yuddha aMge ane e pachI zAMtinA samaya aMge carcAo karI. 1944mAM rUjhavelTa cothI vAra amerikAnA pramukha banyA. dezamAM ane videzamAM aneka pravAso karatA rUjhavelTa pakSAghAtanI zArIrika muzkelIo hovA chatAM kyAreya thAkatA nahIM. lAMbA pravAsa bAda paNa emanA caherA para tAjagI dekhAtI hatI. eka vAra amerikAnA A karmaTha pramukhane koIe pUchyuM, "ATalo badho zrama uThAvo cho ane ATalI badhI zArIrika pIDA sahana karo cho, enuM rahasya zuM ?" pramukha rUjhavelTe kahyuM, "aDaga sahanazakti. tame je mANasane juo cho ene pakSAghAta pachI pagano aMgUTho halAvavAnuM pUrepUruM zIkhatAM be varSa lAgyAM hatAM. A ja sahanazaktie mane haMmezAM kAmanA thAkane badale navI tAjagI ApI che." 12 janma avasAna - 30 jAnyuArI, 1882, hAiDa pArka, nyUyaoNrka, amerikA : 12 eprila, 1945, vaoNrma spriMgsa, jyorjiyA, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira khalila jibrAne emanAM ciMtanAtmaka lakhANothI, uttama koTinA vicArasauMdaryathI ane zabdathI varNavI zakAya nahIM tevA bhAvone citrakalAnA mArA ja zabdonuM khUna mAdhyamathI pragaTa karavAnI emanI zaktinA lIdhe sarvatra khyAti prApta karI. aMgrejI ane arabI baMne bhASAmAM lakhAyelAM emanAM pustako vizvasAhityamAM mahattvapUrNa sthAna pAmyAM. khalila jibrAna saraLa kiMtu bhAvanApradhAna jIvana jIvyA. A kavi-citrakArane jagatanA vyavahAranI bAbatamAM jhAjhI sUjha paDatI nahIM. eka vAra be strIoe jamInanI bAbatamAM khalila jibrAnanI sAthe moTI chetarapiMDI karI. kavinuM dila gussAthI dhUMdhavAI gayuM ane manomana nakkI karyuM ke A baMnene adAlatanA pAMjarAmAM UbhAM rAkhIne ja jaMpIza. nyAyamUrti emane sakhata sajA kare to ja mArA ghavAyelA hRdayane zAtA vaLaze. A be strIoe prapaMcapUrNa vyavahAra karIne jibrAnane Arthika rIte sAva muphalisa banAvI dIdho hato. AmAMnI eka strI jibrAnanI pAse enuM ja pustaka "dha propheTa' laIne AvI ane savAla karyo, "tame amane adAlatamAM jIvananuM javAhira 13

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sajA apAvavA mAMgo cho te keTale aMze yogya gaNAya ? 'propheTa' pustakamAM tame AlekhelAM utkRSTa vicAro ane vyApaka bhAvanAonuM zuM? jIvananuM AvuM utkRSTa ciMtana tame lakhyuM che te tamane lAgu na paDe? ke mAtra bIjAne mATe ja che ?" bhAvanAzIla sarjake kahyuM, "vAta vicAravA jevI che. huM tamane adAlatamAM UbhA karIne mArA pustaka sAthe bevaphAI to karato nathI ne? jIvananI kSaNika bhramaNA samAna dhanane khAtara huM mArA ja zabdonuM mAre hAthe khUna nahIM karuM ?" khalila jibrAnane 'propheTa'nI prastAvanA yAda AvI. emAM emaNe lakhyuM hatuM, "huM jyAre 'propheTa' lakhI rahyo hato, tyAre e pustaka mane lakhI rahyuM hatuM." zuM A zabdo mAtra ADaMbarayukta hatA ? sarjaka-vicAraka khalila jibrAne potAnA zabdagauravane khAtara adAlatanAM bAraNAM khakhaDAvavAne badale hAni sahana karavAnuM nakkI karyuM tema ja baMne strIoe karelA anyAyane bhUlIne emane kSamA ApI. 14 janma : 6, jAnyuArI, 1883, bannI, laibanona avasAna : 10 eprila, 1931, nyUyaoNrka siTI, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira aMgreja sarjaka eDisana zAMtithI potAnuM kArya karatA hatA, tyAre ekAeka kAma pramANe emano bhatrIjo trATakyo. eNe AvIne gati dhaDAdhaDa kAma karavA mAMDyuM ane banyuM evuM ke eNe atyaMta utAvaLamAM kareluM kAma sAva bagaDI gayuM. badhI mahenata para pANI pharI vaLyuM. sAhityakAra eDisane ene ekAda vakhata zikhAmaNa paNa ApI ke jarA thoDI dhIraja dharIne kAma kara. AvI utAvaLa karavAno bahu artha nathI. bhatrIjAe kahyuM, "kAkA, mane ThaMDuM, DhIluM ke dhImuM kAma pasaMda nathI. ThaMDA ane DhIlA loko paNa saheje gamatA nathI. Akho jamAno tIvra jhaDapathI doDI rahyo che, tyAre dhIme cAlanAra jamAnAthI pAchaLa paDI jAya che. vaLI utAvaLe kAma ka2vAthI zarIra paNa cetanavaMtu rahe che. samajyAM ?" eDisane kahyuM, "A tArI bhramaNA che. huM tane DhIlAzathI, vilaMbathI ke binajarUrI rIte dhIme dhIme kAma karavAnuM kaheto nathI, paraMtu huM tane eTaluM jarUra kahevA mAguM chuM ke je kAmamAM jeTalI jhaDapa thaI zake tema hoya, eTalI ja jhaDapa karavI. enAthI vadhu jhaDapa ghaNI vAra kAmane bagADI nAkhe che. jamavuM jarUrI che, jIvananuM javAhira 15

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paNa koI eka sAthe jhapATAbaMdha AkhA divasanuM bheguM jamavA lAge, to aMte jatA enA peTane nukasAna thaze." bhatrIjo bacAva karatAM bolyo, "ApaNI to meila Trena. bALapaNathI jhaDapI kAmanI Adata, have emAM sudhAro zakya nathI." eDisane kahyuM, "jo bIjI vyaktio potAnA jIvanamAM parivartana karI zakatI hoya to tuM kema na karI zake ? pelA vayovRddha vize tArI dhAraNA hatI ke ATalI moTI uMmare e parIkSA ApIne zuM ukALaze, paNa teM joyuM ke emaNe mahenata karIne prathama naMbara meLavyo." hA, e vRddha vizenI mArI dhAraNA khoTI TharI. enI mahenatanuM e pariNAma che." "to tuM paNa tAre vizenI dhAraNA khoTI pADI zake ne ? kalAkRti kaMDAratA zilpI tarapha najara kara. e TAMkaNAMthI potAnuM zilpa kevuM ArasamAM kaMDArato hoya che. eka nAnakaDuM jhummara banAvavAmAM paNa ene divasonA divaso lAgatA hoya che, AthI bArIka kotarakAma hoya ke cIvaTabharyuM kAma hoya - e badhe ja dhIrajanI jarUra che. Aje varSo thayAM chatAM e zilpIoe akhUTa dhIrajathI taiyAra thayelI kalAkRtio mAtra imArata nathI rahI, paraMtu saMskRtinuM yazogAna karatI preraNA banI che." bhatrIjAne eDisana pAsethI dhIraja nA pATha maLyA ane eNe koI paNa kAmamAM binajarUrI utAvaLa nahIM karavAno nirdhAra karyo. amerikAnA vikhyAta hAsyakAra olivara haraphorDanA sanmAnamAM enA hAsyalekhakano prakAza ke eka samArohanuM Ayojana karyuM. zAnadAra hoTalamAM olivara haraphorDano uttara sanmAnasamAroha yojAyo. olivara haraphorDane A hoTalanuM vAtAvaraNa eTaluM badhuM pasaMda paDI gayuM ke mahemAno vidAya pAmyA ane khuda yajamAna paNa vidAya pAmyA, tema chatAM teo ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI hoTalanA Tebala para besI rahyA. thoDA divasa pachI punaH teo A hoTalamAM gayA, to hoTalanA pelA samAraMbha bAda lAMbA samaya sudhI hoTalamAM besavA mATenuM bila rajU karyuM. bila joIne olivara haraphorDa parezAna thaI gayo. eNe to dhAryuM hatuM ke e samAraMbhano saghaLo kharca prakAzaka ApavAnA hatA ane tethI te nirAMta karIne beTho hato. A bila jotAM e coMkI UThyo. vicAravA lAgyo ke prakAzaka pArTInuM kharca ApavAnA hatA. pArTI pUrI thayA pachI nirAMte besI rahevAnuM kharca prakAzaka zA mATe bhogave ? olivara ha2phorDanI AnAkAnI joIne hoTalanA mAlike kahyuM, "tamAre A bila cUkavavuM ja paDaze." - jIvananuM javAhira janma 11 hArI, 1843, milAna, okhAyo, amerikSa avasAna H 18 okTobara, 1931, vesTa reja, nyUjarsa, amerikA 16 jIvananuM javAhira 17

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"paraMtu mArI pAse ATalA DaoNlara nathI." cabarAka hoTala maeNnejare kahyuM, "kaMI vAMdho nahIM, tame ceka lakhI Apo." "paraMtu ahIM mArI pAse cekabuka nathI." hoTala maeNnejare potAnI sAdI cekabukamAMthI eka ceka phADIne emane Apyo ane haraphorDane e lakhavA kahyuM. olivara haraphorDe ceka para potAnI sahI karI ane rakama paNa lakhI. "paraMtu mahAzaya, Ape beMkanuM nAma to lakhyuM nathI." maeNnejare vAMdho lIdho. olivara haraphorDe javAba Apyo, "koI sArI beMkanuM nAma tame ja kahone ? emAMthI rakama upADI lejo." 18 janma avasAna - 1863, zephilDa, iMglaeNnDa - 5 julAI, 1935, nyUyaoNrka siTI, nyUmAMke, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira sevAnI jalatI jyota nobela pAritoSika vijetA ane vizvanA mahAna netA nelsana maMDelAe 1999nI 14mI jUne rAjakAraNamAMthI saMpUrNa nivRtti lIdhI, paraMtu enI sAthosAtha emaNe eiDjhanI bImArI sAme moTo jaMga Adaryo. jagatanA itihAsamAM bhAgye ja koI ucca ke samartha rAjakAraNIe nivRtti lIdhA pachI prajAkalyANane mATe koI roganA pratikAra kAje AvI janajAgRti phelAvavAno prayAsa karyo haze. nelsana maMDelAne ema lAgatuM hatuM ke pote jyAre zAsana saMbhALatA hatA, tyAre eiDjhanA vizvavyApI prazna para pUratuM dhyAna ApI zakyA nahotA. nelsana maMDelAnA putra makagAthonuM 2005mAM eiDjhane kAraNe avasAna thayuM. A bImArI aMgenA vyApaka bhaya ane ajJAna sAme jaMga kheDavo e jevItevI vAta nahotI. 2008mAM dakSiNa AphrikAnA pukhta vayanA lokonI pAMcamA bhAganI vastIne eca.AI.vI.-eiDjha lAgu paDI cUkyo hato. maMDelA jANatA hatA ke emanA jIvanakALa daramiyAna A jIvananuM javAhira 19

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roga sAmeno jaMga jItI zakAya tema nathI, paraMtu emaNe 'nelsana maMDelA phAunDezana'nI sthApanA karI ane A rogane mATe temaja grAmavikAsa ane zALAnAM makAnone mATe enA dvArA sahAya karI. yunoe nelsana maMDelAnA 67mA janma divase, 18mI julAIe, 'maMDelA-divasa' jAhera karyo ane tyAre sahue ka7 miniTa bIjAnA bhalAne mATe kAma karavuM, evI bhAvanA pragaTa karavAmAM AvI. maMDelA mAnatA hatA ke A jagatamAM paoNjhiTiva parivartana lAvavA mATe sevAbhAvI pravRttionI savizeSa jarUra che ane e kArya emaNe emanI jiMdagInA AkharI tabakkAmAM lathaDelI tabiyata vacce paNa supere karI batAvyuM. pArakhu amerikAnA soLamA pramukha abrAhama liMkananA yazasvI jIvanamAM zaktino vakIla sTenTananA be uddhatAIbharyA prasaMgo maLe che. amerikAnA prathama paMktinA vakIla sTenTana eka mahattvano kesa laDI rahyA hatA ane emanI madadamAM vakIla abrAhama liMkanane rokavAmAM AvyA. A samaye yuvAna liMkananA vicitra dekhAva ane lagharavaghara dedArane joIne sTenTane spaSTa kahI dIdhuM ke AvA lAMbA lAMbA hAthavALA aNaghaDa ane vAnara jevA dekhAtA mANasa sAthe huM koI kAma karavA mAgato nathI. jo koI vyavasthita gRhastha vakIla mane madadanIza tarIke Apazo to ja huM A kesa saMbhALIza. e samaye abrAhama liMkane emanA svabhAva mujaba khUba parizrama laIne kesa taiyAra karyo hato, tema chatAM sTenTane emane madadanIza tarIke lIdhA nahIM. e pachI sAta varSa bAda abrAhama liMkana amerikAnA pramukha banyA, tyAre ugra ane avicArI evA sTenTane kahyuM ke janma : 18 julAI, 1918, yU, da. AphrikA avasAna H 5 Disembara, 2013, hoMgTana esTeTa, johAnisabarga, da.AphrikA 20 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 21

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asala gorIlAne jovA mATe AphrikA sudhI javAnI jarUra nathI. e to paga lAMbA karIne vhAiTa hAusamAM ja beTho che. AvA garviSTha, uddhata ane tumAkhIbharyA potAnA prakhara virodhI sTenTanane abrAhama liMkana pUrepUro oLakhatA hatA. vaLI emane pUro khyAla hato ke sTenTanane koI paNa kAma soMpavAmAM Ave, to jIva reDIne kAma karavAno eno svabhAva che ane khaMta, niSThA ane sUjhathI kArya siddha karavA samartha che. AthI abrAhama liMkane emanuM ghora apamAna karanAra A virodhIne emanI zaktio joIne rASTrane khAtara amerikAnA bhISaNa AMtaravigrahamAM yuddhamaMtrInI ati mahattvanI kAmagIrI soMpI. 22 * : 12 phebruArI, 1809, mojenavile, kenTukI rAjya, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 1865, vaoNziMgTana gu. sI., amerikA jIvananuM javAhira mahAna zilpakAra, sthapati ane citrakAra buoNnArAMtI mAikalaeNnjeloe ArasanuM kalAjagatamAM potAnI maulika sUjha ane sarjakatAthI moTI krAMti karI. sauMdarya renesAMsanA A kalAkAra vizvabharamAM navIna kaLAzailInA sarjaka banyA. mAikalaeNnjelo phlaoNrensanA zilpakAra yovAnInA ziSya banIne zilpakalAnA pATha zIkhyA. 1501mAM romamAMthI potAnA nagara laoNrensamAM pAchA AvatA mAikalaeNnjeloe eka mahollAnI bAjumAM kacarAno Dhagalo joyo. emAM kacarAmAM pheMkI dIdhelo eka vizALa saMgemaramarano TukaDo paDyo hato. koI kArIgare ArasanA A moTA paththaramAMthI zilpa kaMDAravAno prayatna karyo haze, paraMtu barAbara TAMkaNAM na lAgatAM eNe ArasanA A beDoLa paththarane bahAra pheMkI dIdho hato. sahune duHkha hatuM ke UMcI jAtano Arasano paththara zilpInI bhUlane kAraNe pheMkI devo paDyo. mAikalaeNnjeloe zerInA khUNAmAM paDelo A kadarUpo Arasano moTo paththara joyo ane enI AMkhamAM camaka AvI jIvananuM javAhira 23

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gaI. AvI UMcI jAtanA ArasamAMthI suMdara zilpAkRti karavAnuM ene mana thayuM. e A paththara laI Avyo ane emAM kRti kaMDAravA mAMDI. eNe soLa-sattara varSanA svarUpavAna ane snAyubaddha yuvakanI AkRtinuM sarjana karyuM. potAnA sAthI beneDeTTa da raoNvenjhAnono sAtha laIne eNe 'DeviDanI AkRti zilpamAM kaMDArI. DeviDanI AkRti phlaoNrensanI naitika tAkAtanuM pratIka gaNAtI hatI. mAikalaeNnselonI pUrve jANItA zilpIoe 'DeviDanI zilpAkRti sarjI hatI, paraMtu mAikalaMjeloe A pASANamAMthI vadhu prabhAvazALI ane pauruSa dharAvatA yuvAnanI mUrti ghaDI kADhI. iTAlInA atisuMdara zilpomAMnuM eka evuM mAikalaeNnselonuM 'DeviDanuM zilpa gaNAyuM. svayaM zilpakAra mAikalaeNnjaloe paNa noMdhyuM che ke DeviDanA zilpamAM emaNe TAMkaNAMo dvArA svaAlekhana karyuM che. A rIte je ArasanA paththarane toDI-phoDI, bagADIne pheMkI dIdho hato, emAMthI vizvanA mahAna kalAkAra mAikalaeNjeloe jagatane eka utkRSTa zilpanI bheTa ApI. vIsamI sadInA sauthI vadhu prabhAvaka ane bahuzruta vidvAna barTAnDa rasela mArI vicitra anekavidha viSayonA UMDA marmajJa hatA. zodha emaNe gaNitazAstra, tarkazAstra, samAja zAstra, itihAsa, rAjakAraNa, dharma, nIti ane zikSaNa jevA aneka viSayo para cAlIsathI vadhu pustako lakhyAM. emanA tattvaciMtane vizvanA vicArapravAhane eka navI dizA ApI, zikSaNa, rAjakAraNa ane mAnavIya mUlyo vizenA emanA maulika vicAroe vizvanI vicAradhArAmAM parivartana ANyuM. eka vAra tattvaciMtaka ane gaNitajJa rasela UMDA vicAramAM DUbelA hatA. emane maLavA mATe emanA eka mitra AvyA, paraMtu vicArasRSTimAM khovAI gayelA barTAnDa raselane emanA Agamanano koI khyAla Avyo nahIM.. AthI mitrae emanI vicAradhArAmAM khalela pahoMcADatAM pUchyuM, "oha ! Aje Apa kayA vicAramAM ATalA badhA tallIna banI gayA cho ?" janma : 6 mArca, 147pa, erijho pAse, tuzkenI, iTAlI avasAna : 18 phebruArI, 1564, roma, iTAlI 24 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 25

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banDa rasele kahyuM, "are, Aje to meM eka sAva vicitra lAge evI zodha karI che." "kaI zodha ? ane emAM vicitratA zuM che ?" barTAnDa rasele kahyuM, "jyAre jyAre huM koI jJAnInI sAthe vAta karuM chuM tyAre mane pratIti thAya che ke sukhanI have kyAMya zakyatA rahI nathI." e to barAbara, paNa emAM vicitra zuM ?" ane jyAre mArA mALI sAthe vAta karato houM chuM tyAre ethI viparIta vAtanI eTale ke sarvatra sukha hovAthI mane khAtarI thAya che. A che mArI vicitra zodha." prAcIna romanA prasiddha senApati, | saramukhatyAre ane rAjapuruSa juliyasa gussAno sIjharanA (I. pU. 100thI 44) jeTalA mitro hatA, eTalA ja zatruo hatA. upAya . ekavAra e potAnA mahelamAM ekalo rajAnA divaso gALI rahyo hato. sIjharanA parama mitrane AnI jANa thatAM eNe vicAryuM ke juliyasa sIjhara pAse jaIne thoDAM ToLaTappAM mArI AvuM. banne premathI maLyAM ane vAtacIta samaye juliyasa sIjharanA mitrae kahyuM, 'huM eka vAta samajI zakato nathI ke tamArA virodhIo tamArA para jAtajAtanA asahya AkSepo kare che ane tema chatAM tame e badhAne cUpacApa sahana karo cho. tame zA mATe tamArA virodhIonAM AkSepono jaDabAtoDa, saNasaNato javAba ApatA nathI, ke jethI pharI kyAreya AkSepo karavAnAM aTakacALAM kare nahIM. tamArA maunathI to virodhIone vadhune vadhu AkSepo karavAnI cAnaka caDhe che. kaMIka to karo.' pratyuttara ApavAne badale juliyasa sIjhara khAmoza rahyAM mitranI vAtane gaMbhIratAthI levAne badale carcAne bIje pATe caDhAvI dIdhI. emanA parama mitrane duHkha thayuM ke emanI AvI gaMbhIra vAtanI juliyasa sIjhare sadaMtara upekSA karI. jIvananuM javAhira janma : 18 me, 1832, Trele, monamAuthazAyara, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 2 phebruArI, 1930. kArnara phonazAyara, iMglaeNnDa 26 jIvananuM javAhira - 27

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A samaye khepiyAe AvIne juliyasa sIjharane eka baMDala ApyuM ane juliyasa sIjhare e kholyuM to emanA eka virodhIe lakhelAM ghaNAM AkSepabharyu kAgaLo hatAM. A kAgaLomAM sIjharanA e virodhIe AkSepo karavAmAM pAchuM vALIne joyuM nahotuM. sIjharano mitra to A kAgaLo vAMcIne gussAthI saLagI UThyo. jyAre sIjhara thoDIvAra zAMta rahyA ane pachI e kAgaLo vAMcyA vinA ja ene saLagAvI nAkhyAM. A joIne emanA mitrae pUchyuM, 'tame zA mATe A badhAM kAgaLo saLagAvI nAkhyAM. e to ghaNA kiMmatI hatAM. samaya Avye e virodhI para prahAra karavA mATe upayogI banI zakyAM hota.' A sAMbhaLIne juliyasa sIjhare hasIne kahyuM, 'are dosta, meM vicAra karyAM pachI ja A kAgaLo saLagAvyAM che. jyAM sudhI A kAgaLo mArI pAse hota, tyAM sudhI ene joIne mane dvedha caDato raheta. mAre mATe bredhane naSTa karavAno sauthI saraLa upAya A kAgaLone naSTa karavAno hato. Ama karavAthI zatrutA ApoApa khatama thaI jaze. vaLI, e kAgaLo pAse rAkhIne tanAvapUrvaka vavAno zo artha ?' pelA mitrane sIjharanI udAra bhAvanA samajAI ane khoTI salAha ApavA mATe sIjharanI kSamA mAMgI. 28 janma avasAna - 13, julAI, I.sa. pUrve 100, roma - 15, mArca, I. sa. pUrve 44, roma jIvananuM javAhira gulAmonA muktidAtA tarIke jANItA viliyama loiDa gerisanane vicAronI atyaMta garIbImAM bALapaNa vyatIta karavuM abhivyakti paDyuM. enA svacchaMdI pitA ekAeka ghara choDIne cAlyA gayA ane dharmaniSTha mAtA para kuTuMbapAlananI saghaLI javAbadArI AvI paDI. nirakSara mAtA zuM kAma kare ? eNe zrImaMtonA gharamAM AyA tarIke kAma karavAnuM zarU karyuM ane zveta dhanikonAM bALakone ucheravA lAgI. A kAma peTe sAva najIvI rakama maLatI hatI, tethI ene bhUkhyA ane garIba lokone mATe cAlatA sadAvratamAMthI anAja lAvIne nirvAha karavo paDato hato. garIba gerisana kyAM jAya ? Akhare teramA varSe mAMDa mAMDa 'nyUbarI haeNlDa' nAmanA akhabAramAM kampojhiTara tarIkenI kAmagIrI maLI. gerisanane A kAmamAM khUba rasa paDyo. e bIbAM goThavavAnI sAthosAtha akhabAranA lekhone rasapUrvaka vAMcavA lAgyo. emAM rajU thayelA vicAro samajavA lAgyo. A kampojhiTarane eka divasa kalama pakaDavAnuM mana thayuM. jIvananuM javAhira 29

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manamAM ghUmatA vicArone rajU karavA mATe eNe carcApatro lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM. e vicAravA lAgyo ke kampojha karI jANuM chuM, lakhANa lakhI jANuM chuM, tyAre mArA vicAro pragaTa karavA potIkuM akhabAra pragaTa kare to kevuM? basa, pachI to rAtadivasa gerisananA manamAM potAnA akhabAranAM svapno AvavA lAgyAM. pote vicAre, pote lakhe ane pote ja kampojha karIne akhabAra pragaTa kare. aMte eka divasa svapnasiddhi thaI. eNe "phrI presa' nAmanuM akhabAra zarU karyuM ane nirbhayatAthI potAnA vicAro pragaTa karavA lAgyo. eNe amerikAmAM pravartatI gulAmInI prathA sAmenA potAnA avAjane bulaMda karyo. satyapriya ane nIDara patrakAra tarIke viliyama gerisana sarvatra Adara pAmyo. sattara mI sadI daramiyAna iMglenDamAMthI rAjAzAhI dUra karanAra khAmIono senApati oNlivara phremavela sIdhAsAdA dhArmika manovRttivALA sagRhastha hatA, svIkAra paraMtu saMjogoe emanA jIvanamAM evo palaTo ANyo ke teo ucca kakSAnA rAjanItijJa banyA. emaNe rAjAzAhI dUra karIne iMglenDane kaoNmanaveltha arthAt prajAsattAka jAhera karyuM ane samaya jatAM teo dezano vahIvaTa calAvavA mATenI samitinA ceramena banyA. vahIvaTItaMtra ane nANAmaMtramAM sudhArA karyA ane iMglenDanA vepArano vikAsa karyo. dezanA naukAdaLane majabUta banAvyuM. iMglenDanA vepArI harIpho holaeNnDa ane spenane parAjaya Apyo ane A rIte samagra yuropamAM majabUta zAsaka tarIke oNlivara kaoNmale pratiSThA saMpAdana karI. A samaye oNlivara kaoNmavelanI vIratAthI prabhAvita thaIne eka citrakAra emanI pAse Avyo. eNe kahyuM, "huM ApanuM citra doravA mAguM chuM." janma : 12 Disembara, 1805, pUbarI porTa, mesecUse, amerikA avasAna : 24, me, 1879, nyUyaoNrka sITI, nyUyorka, amerikA 30 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 31

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mavele prastAvano svIkAra karatAM citrakAra prasanna thayo. kramavela jeTalo sAhisaka ane vIra hato, eTalo ja kurUpa hato. enA caherA para eka ghaNo moTo maso hato, jene kAraNe eno dekhAva vicitra ane ati beDoLa lAgato hato. citrakAre A samartha zAsakanI tasavIra banAvI, paraMtu jANI joIne emAMthI caherAne beDoLa banAvanAro maso dUra karI dIdho. tasavIramAM kraeNmavela atyaMta suMdara lAgato hato. citrakAra jyAre citra laIne kraoNmavela pAse gayo, tyAre e joIne kraeNmavele kahyuM, "teM khUba suMdara kalAkRtinuM sarjana karyuM che, paraMtu te mArI nathI. bIjAnI hoya tevI lAge che." citrakAra livara kraoNmavelanI vAtano marma pArakhI gayo. bIje divase bIjI tasavIra laIne emanI pAse pahoMcyo. A tasavIra joIne kraeNmavela prasanna thayA ane bolyA, "hA, basa, A mAruM citra che. vyaktimAM potAnI khAmIone jovAnI ane svIkAra karavAnI hiMmata hovI joIe." 32 janma - 25 eprila, 159, IMTiMgjhana, iMglenDa avasAna : 3 sapTembara, 1958, vhAiTa kaoNla, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa jIvananuM javAhira mananI prayogazALA hatA. nobela pAritoSika vijetA bhautikazAstrI ane gaNitajJa AlbarTa AinsTAinanA cittamAM bhinna bhinna prakAranA vicAro jAgatA hatA. enA mitro enA A vicAro sAMbhaLIne ene taraMgI ke tukkAbAja kahIne hasI kADhatA yuvAnonI mitramaMDaLI sAthe AinsTAina potAnA vicAronI carcA karato. vijJAnanI pracalita praNAlInI viruddhanI enI vAto sAMbhaLIne keTalAka eno asvIkAra karatA, to keTalAka mitro ane puSTi ApatA hatA. I. sa. 1905mAM jUnamAM eNe jarmanInA eka vikhyAta sAmayikamAM potAno lekha mokalyo. A lekhamAM eNe ghaNA navA khyAlo rajU karyA hatA ane potAnA e navIna siddhAMtone darzAvavA mATe eNe 'rileTiviTI' (sApekSavAda) nAmanA zabdano upayoga karyo hato. sApekSavAda aMgeno lekha mokalIne AinsTAina ghera Avyo ane thAkIne lothapotha thaI gayo hoya tema pathArImAM paDyo. milevAne ema lAgyuM ke AinsTAinane tAva Avyo che, paraMtu ke jIvananuM javAhira 33

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A vaijJAnike ene kahyuM ke koI DaoNkTarane bolAvavAnI jarUra nathI, mane nirAMte UMghavA do. sApekSavAdanA A siddhAMte vizvanA keTalAya vaijJAnikonI UMgha veraNa karI dIdhI. emAM AinsTAine enA vicAro eTalI coksAIthI rajU karyA hatA ke enI vAtane nakArI zakAya tema nahotI. Ane mATe AinsTAine koI prayogazALAmAM kArya karyuM nahotuM, paraMtu potAnA cittanI prayogazALAmAM A siddhAMto para e prayoga karato rahyo ane tethI ja keTalAke evo prazna paNa karyo, "tamArA A vicAro loko svIkAraze kharA ? tame prayogazALAmAM prayogo karIne to kazuM noMdhyuM nathI." tyAre AinsTAina uttara Apato, "Ane mATe koI prAyogika AdhAranI jarUra nathI. A to badhuM dIvA jevuM spaSTa che." mana rUpI prayogazALAnI madadathI AinsTAine evAM rahasyonI zodha karI, je rahasyonI najIka paNa mAnavInuM mana pahoMcI zakyuM nahotuM. lokamedanInA pracaMDa harSanAdanI vacce laMDananA vizALa sabhAgRhano maMca o mAunTa para eNvaresTa vijetA eDamanDa hilerIe praveza karyo. tyAre vAtAvaraNamAM anero eNvaresTa ! AnaMda ane ullAsa chalakAI rahyA. eDamanDa hilerIe mAika hAthamAM laIne kahyuM, "tame tamArAM svapnone barAbara pakaDI rAkhajo, kAraNa ke tame mAnavI tarIke satata vikasatA raho cho, tethI tame e svapnone satya puravAra karI zakazo." eDamanDa hilerInuM mahAna svapna hatuM eNvaresTa para vijaya meLavavAnuM. Ane mATe eNe athAga mahenata karI ane 1952mAM eNvaresTa AMbavAno prayAsa karyo. eDamanDa hilerIno e prayAsa niSphaLa gayo ane e potAnA vatanamAM pAcho pharyo. e samaye vizvanI koI paNa vyakti eNvaresTa sara karI zakI nahotI, tethI eNvaresTanA zikhare pahoMcavAnuM hilerInuM svapna koI jevuMtevuM svapna nahotuM, paNa hatAza thanAro hilerI nahoto. eNe potAnA gharanA khaMDanI dIvAla para evaresTanuM janma : 14 mArca, 1879, kulma, jarmanI avasAna : 18 eprila, 19paMpa, prinTena, nyUjarsI, amerikA 34 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira rUpa

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citra doryuM ane pachI potAno prabaLa saMkalpa jAhera karato hoya tema eNvaresTanA citrane uddezIne bolyo, "o mAunTa eNvaresTa ! teM mane eka vAra parAjita karyo, paraMtu have tuM parAjita thavAno che. kAraNa eTaluM ja ke tAre jeTaluM vikasavAnuM hatuM teTaluM tuM vistarI-vikasI cUkyo che, jyAre huM hajI vikasI rahyo - eDamanDa hilerIe punaH prayatna AraMbhyo. 29028 phUTa UMcuM vizvanuM A sauthI moTuM zikhara AMbavAno eNe prayAsa karyo ane 1953nI 29mI mee eDamanDa hilerI ane zerapA tenasiMga evaresTanuM zikhara sara karyuM ane potAnA svapno sAcAM TheravyAM. bhagavAna buddhanA samakAlIna ane cIna, jApAna ane koriyAnI saMskRti AcaraNanI para pragADha asara pADanAra tattvavettA ane | bheTa dharmasaMsthApaka kaMphyuziyase emanA upadezomAM sadAcArano savizeSa mahimA kayo. sadAcArI jIvana e ja mAnavamAtranuM dhyeya hovuM joIe evuM kahenArA A mAnavatAvAdIe prema, dAna, kSamA, tapa, sahiSNutA ane kartavyapAlana jevA guNothI mAnavIne sAcA sukha ane zAMti prApta thAya che evo bodha Apyo. teo mAnatA ke upadezane AcaraNamAM utAro, to ja e sArthaka. potAnA A Adarzone potAnA AcaraNamAM utAravA mATe emaNe rAjAnI nokarI tyajI dIdhI. Ane pariNAme emanI pAse paheravA mATe pUrAM vastro ke khAvAne mATe anna nahotuM, paraMtu A sadAcArI vicArazIla mahAtmAne enuM saheje ya duHkha nahotuM. janma : 20 julAI, 1919, AMkalenDa, nyUjhIlenDa avasAna : 11 jAnyuArI, 2008, AMkalenDa, nyUjhIlenDa emanA ziSyo gurunI AvI nirdhanatA joIne parezAna thaI gayA. AmAM keTalAMka atyaMta dhanavAna vyaktio paNa hatI jIvananuM javAhira 36 jIvananuM javAhira - 37

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emaNe gurunI nirdhanatA pheDavA mATe emane moTI rakamanAM najarANAM bheTa dharyA. mahAtmA kaphyuziyase AvI bheTa-sogAdo levAno namratApUrvaka asvIkAra karyo, tyAre emanA dhanavAna ziSyoe kahyuM, "A najarANAM tamane bheTa ApavAmAM AvatAM nathI, paraMtu tame rAjyanI je sevA karI che enA badalAmAM A bheTa ApavAmAM Ave che. AmAM ApanA svamAnane UnI AMca Ave tevuM nathI." kaphyuziyase kahyuM, "meM kyAM rAjyanI koI sevA karI che ? sevA karI hoya to bheTa lauM ne." tame amane sadAcArI jIvanano rAha batAvyo. niyamapAlana ane ziSTAcArapAlananI samaja ApI. amane jIvanamAM namratA ane vivekathI verajherano aMta lAvatAM zIkhavyuM, kaho, A tamArI sevA vizvaprasiddha navalakathAkAra, navalikAkAra ane nATyakAra viliyama nAsIpAsa to samaraseTa mome laMDananI senTa kaeNmasa haoNspiTalamAM tabIbI abhyAsa karyo, paNa nahIM ja ! emaNe kyAreya tabIba tarIke kArya karyuM nathI?" nahIM. mahAtmA kaphyuziyase kahyuM, "mArI sevA to tyAre thaI gaNAya ke jyAre tame mArI salAhane jIvanamAM utArI hoya, sadAcAra tamArI raMga ragamAM vyApI gayo hoya. evuM to banyuM nathI, pachI kaI rIte sevAnA badalAmAM A bheTa svIkArI zakuM ?" lekhethanA jhUMpaDapaTTI vistAranA anubhavano upayoga emaNe emanI pahelI navalakathA 'lijhA oNv laMetha' (1897)mAM karyo ane e pachI sAhityasarjananA kSetre emanI kalama vaNathaMbhI vahevA lAgI. emaNe hAsyarasapradhAna nATakonuM sarjana karyuM. navalikAlekhana ane navalakathAlekhana karyuM. 'dha samiMga apa ' nAmanI AtmakathA paNa lakhI. koI emane pUchatuM ke tame AvuM utkRSTa sarjana karyuM, enuM kAraNa zuM? tyAre teo kahetA ke 'dila reDIne koI paNa kAmamAM lAgI javuM, e ja jiMdagInI uttama davA che.' samaraseTa maoNma monTe kAryo ane nAisa vaccenA kepa pherATa mukAme 'vilA moreska' kharIdIne vasatA hatA. utkRSTa kalAkRtiothI sajAveluM A suMdara ane vaibhavazALI makAna hatuM. janma : 28 sapTembara, papa1 I. pU. blyu sTeTa (bAlanuM cIna) avasAna : I. pU. 439, zu sTeTa, (AlanuM cIna) 38 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 39

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vinsTana carcila jevA rAjanItijJa A sthaLanI mulAkAte AvyA hatA. Ama chatAM koI emane 'akhUTa sAhyabI' vize pUche to teo kahetA ke ApaNe lakSmIne ane 'sukhasAhyabIne mANasanuM sadbhAgya samajIe chIe, paraMtu A jagatamAM paisAthI dUra na thaI zake tevAM duHkhonI yAdI anaMta che. jo AvA duHkho anaMta hoya to pachI mANase zuM karavuM ?' samaraseTa maoNma enA uttaramAM ema kahetA ke game tevAM sukhaduHkhanI vacce paNa je mANasa manapasaMda kAma zodhIne AtmavizvAsanuM chatra oDhI le che, tene samajAI jAya che ke jiMdagInI aneka parIkSAomAM pAsa thaIe ke nApAsa thaIe, paNa nAsIpAsa to na ja thavuM. 40 janma : 25 jAnyuArI 1874, paeNrisa, phransa avasAna - 16 Disembara 1965, nIsa, Alpsa maeNrITAimsa, phrAnsa jIvananuM javAhira vIsamI sadInA atyaMta prasiddha ane sanmAnita adAkAra sara laoNrensa oNliviyare nATaka ane philmamAM prAcIna grIka TrejeDIthI mAMDIne Adhunika amerikana ane iMgliza nATakomAM saphaLa bhUmikA bhajavI hatI, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa digdarzaka ane nirmAtA tarIke paNa yazasvI siddhi pAmyA hatA. madadane pAtra sara laoNrensa liviyara eka vAra potAnA mitra sAthe pikeDalI pAra karI rahyA hatA. A samaye emane eka bhikhArI maLyo ane eNe laoNrensa liviyarane potAnI duHkhada jIvanakathA kahI. eNe kahyuM ke e devAmAM DUbI gayo che. enI patnI azakta che tathA enAM bALako bImAra che. vana AkhuM AphatothI gherAI gayuM che. AtmahatyA karavAno vAraMvAra vicAra Ave che, paNa patnI ane saMtAno kevA behAla thaI jaze, e vicAre mAMDI vALe che. bhagavAna koIne ya AvI dAruNa garIbI na Ape. bhikhArIe kareluM garIbInuM varNana sAMbhaLIne laoNrensa oNliviyare ene dAnamAM moTI 2kama ApI. emanA sAthI mitrae sara laoNrensa liviyarane kahyuM, jIvananuM javAhira 41

Page #23
tame ene vadhu paDatI rakama ApI dIdhI. e kharekhara garIba na hoya, banAvaTa paNa karato hoya." sara laoNrensa oNliviyare hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, "te enI karuNa jIvanakathA sAMbhaLI ne ?" mitrae kahyuM, "hA, eNe potAnI sthitinuM evuM dardabharyuM varNana karyuM ke ApaNA hRdayamAM dayA jAgI UThe ane AMkhamAM AMsu AvI jAya. ** basa, to A ja vAta che ne ! kAM e nirdhana haze athavA to sarvazreSTha kalAkAra, enA jevuM hRdayasparzI varNana meM Aja sudhI sAMbhaLyuM nathI. Ama e dareka rIte madadane yogya gaNAya." sAhitya mATenuM nobela pAritoSika (1925) ane 'pimeliyana' philmanI duSkALanuM kAmagIrI mATe oNskAra eNvaoNrDa (1938) meLavanAra vizvanA ekamAtra sarjaka jyorja kAraNa . barnArDa zaoN (1856-1950) emanI ramUja ane vyaMgya mATe vizvabharamAM prasiddha hatA. emAM paNa koI vyaktie karelI TIkAno uttara ApavAmAM to e ati catura ane nipuNa hatA. 60thI vadhAre nATako sarjanAra jyorja barnArDa zaoNne iMglenDanA vikhyAta nibaMdhalekhaka gilabarTa kItha cesTaraTana maLyA ane A baMnee samAjajIvanane sparzatI bAbato aMge carcA karI.. barnArDa zaoNe emanAM nATakomAM iMglenDanA bhadrasamAja para bhaMga karyo hato, to cesTaraTane samAjajIvanane lagatA vicAro potAnA 'vaoNTijha roMga vitha dha varlDa" jevA graMthomAM AlekhyA hatA. jyorja barnArDa zaoN pAtaLI kAyA dharAvatA hatA, jyAre ekasothI vadhu graMthonA sarjaka gilabarTa kItha caeNsTaraTananuM zarIra ghaNuM bhAre ane vajanadAra hatuM. janma : 22 me, 1907, DaoNrkiMga, IMglaeNnDa avasAna : 11 julAI, 1989, sTeyaniMga, iMglenDa 42 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 43

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emaNe potAnA mitranI pAtaLI kAyA joIne majAka karatAM pUchyuM, misTara zaoN, jo koI bhAratIya atyAre ahIM Ave ane Apane jue to e iMglenDa vize zuM dhAre ?" zoe pUchyuM, "kema, emAM zuM dhAravAnuM hoya ?" e ApanA sukalakaDI dehane joIne kaheze ke iMglenDamAM bhAre moTo duSkALa paDyo lAge che." jyorja barnArDa zaoNe kahyuM, "hA, e vAta sAcI. paNa pachI e mane kazuM vadhu pUchaze nahIM." kema ?" caeNsTaraTane utkaMThAthI kahyuM. mane joyA bAda e tarata ja tamane joze eTale ene duSkALanuM kAraNa samajAI jaze." vizvanA vikhyAta vijJAnI ane saMzodhake thomasa AlvA eDisana pAse aNIno asAdhAraNa avalokanazakti hatI ane ene pariNAme emaNe vizvane Azcarya jakhama. pamADe evI zodhonuM sarjana karyuM. emanA nAma para eka hajAra ne trANuM je TalI to peTanTa hatI. emanI prayogazALA sAdhano ane pustakonI dRSTie koI paNa jANItI yunivarsiTIonI prayogazALAnI barobarI karI zake evI susajaja hatI. eka vAra thomasa AlvA eDisana Teliphona laIne enA mukha AgaLa AnaMdabhera koI gIta gAtA hatA. evAmAM emanA avAjanA dhvanithI utpanna thayelAM AMdolanone lIdhe eka pAtaLI polAdanI aNI teNe pAchaLa dhakelavA prayatna karyo, to e aNI emanI AMgaLImAM pesI gaI. A joIne utkRSTa nirIkSaNazakti dharAvatA eDisana vicAramAM paDyA. emaNe vicAryuM ke jo huM polAdanI aNInI gatinI noMdha lauM ane pachI tenI upara ja tene pAchI pheravuM to ApaNA bolelA zabdo te jarUra punaH bolI zake. eka vAra bolAyelA zabdo punaH sAMbhaLI zakAya. basa, pachI to A janma : 23 julAI, 1856, Dablina, AyarlenDa avasAna : 2 navembara, 1950, eyoTa, seMTa lorensa, iMglenDa 44 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 45

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vicArane sAkAra karavA mATe eDisana eka pachI eka prayogo karavA lAgyo ane eNe eka evuM yaMtra banAvavAno nizcaya karyo ke je sarasarIte kAma karI zake. eNe potAnA sahAyakone potAno A vicAra kahyo ane yaMtra banAvavA mATe jarUrI sUcanAo ApI. AmAMthI eNe 1877mAM grAmophonanI zodha karI. svayaM thomasa AlvA eDisana potAnI tamAma zodhomAM A grAmophonanI zodhane sahuthI vadhu mahattvanI gaNatA hatA ane e mATe potAnI jAtane gauravazALI mAnatA hatA. A grAmophone saMgItane ghera ghera pahoMcatuM karyuM. A badhuM banyuM kaI rIte ? AMgaLImAM polAdanI aNI pesI gaI, tenuM ja A pariNAma. janma avasAna : 11 phebruArI, 1847, milAna, ohAyo, amerikA : 18 oNkTobara, 1931, vesTa oNrenja, nyujarsI, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira pitA jhaoNna enDarasananI Arthika sthiti nabaLI hovAthI emanA sauthI samaya snAnamAM moTA putra haeNrIne mATe skUlathI AgaLa abhyAsa karavo muzkela banyo. teo vyavasthita rIte kaoNlejazikSaNa meLavI zakyA nahIM. AvI hAlatamAM umero e vAte thayo ke nabaLI AMkhoe herIne satata parezAna karyo. vaLI DhIMgaNA ane anAkarSaka dekhAvane kAraNe ene upekSA sahana karavI paDI. prAraMbhanAM A varSomAM haeNrI mukhyatve itihAsanAM pustako vAMcato ane manamAM amerikAnA itihAsamAM yAdagAra kAmagIrI karavAnAM svapnAM sevato. cheka ogaNacAlIsamA varSe eNe yunivarsiTI oNva kaeNnsAsa siTImAM kAyadAzAstrano abhyAsa zarU karyo ane be varSa bhaNIne kAyadAzAstranI upAdhi meLavI. prAraMbhamAM relave pachI beMka ane tyArabAda khetIno vyavasAya apanAvyo. prathama vizvayuddhamAM topakhAnAnA adhikArI tarIke paNa kAmagIrI bajAvI. bIjI bAju kAyadAzAstranI upAdhi meLavyA bAda mukhya nyAyAdhIza banyA ane amerikAnA DemokreTika pakSanA rAjakAraNamAM rasa levA lAgyA. jIvananuM javAhira 47

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rAjakIya kuneha ane kaparA prazno ukelavAnI sUjhane kAraNe haeNrI amerikAnA tetrIsamA pramukha banyA. 1945thI 1953 sudhI amerikAnA pramukhapade rahenAra haeNrI Tumenane garIbIno sAkSAt anubhava hato, tethI sAduM jIvana jIvavAno Agraha rAkhatA hatA. eka vAra emane maLavA AvelA mulAkAtIne jANa thaI ke pramukha snAna karavA gayA che. thoDI vAramAM snAna karIne bahAra Avaze ema dhArIne mulAkAtI emanI rAha joIne bahAra beThA. paMdara-vIsa miniTa pasAra thaI gaI. pramukha haeNrI Tumena bahAra nahIM AvatAM mulAkAtI akaLAyA ane eNe pramukhanA nokarane pUchyuM, "bhAI, pramukhazrI snAnamAM keTalo samaya vitAve che ? vIseka miniTathI ahIM beTho chuM, paNa hajI bahAra nIkaLyA nathI." emanA nokare kahyuM, "sAheba mAtra snAna karavA mATe ja bAtharUmamAM jatA nathI." mulAkAtIe jarA vyaMgyamAM pUchyuM, "to pramukhazrI bAtharUmamAM bIjAM kAmo paNa karatA lAge che ?" "hA. teo snAna karatAM pUrve potAnAM kapaDAM jAte dhue che ane pachI snAna kare che." 48 janma : 8 me 1884, lAmAra, misUrI, amerikA avasAna : 26 Disembara 1972, kensAsa sITI, misUrI, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira sTezananI zodha mahAna vaijJAnika guMgaDIDamo mArkonIe enA avanavA zodha saMzodhanathI samagra vizvane cakita karI dIdhuM. eNe vAyaralesa TeligrAphInI zodha karI ane saMdezA saMcAranI duniyAmAM navI krAMti sarjI. vaijJAnika mArkonIe atyaMta parizramathI ane puSkaLa nANAM kharcIne eka 'sTezana' UbhuM karyuM hatuM. A 'sTezana' dvArA bhaviSyamAM ekaekathI caDiyAtI zodhonAM dvAra khUlI jaze tevI ene AzA hatI. zodha-saMzodhananI duniyAmAM haraNaphALa bharI zakaze, tema e mAnato hato. thoDo samaya to mArkonInA A 'sTezane' barAbara kAmagIrI bajAvI, paNa eka divasa emAM kazuMka khoTavAyuM ane pariNAme moTI Aga lAgI gaI. A AgamAM mArkonIe jene AdhAre ujjvaLa bhAvinAM svapnAM sevyAM hatAM, evuM 'sTezana' baLIne khAkha thaI gayuM. mArkonInA koI paricite A Aga joI ane te doDatA mArkonIne A duHkhada samAcAra ApavA mATe emanA ghera pahoMcI gayA. mArkonIe A samAcAra jANyA tyAre emanI patnI jIvananuM javAhira 49

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bAjumAM ja UbhI hatI. A samAcAra sAMbhaLIne mArkonI thoDI vAra mauna rahyA. taddana niHzabda. pachI kazuMya bolyA vinA UbhA thaIne piyAno pAse gayA ane potAnA manapasaMda sUra vagADavA lAgyA. patinI AvI vicitra vartaNUka joIne zrImatI mArkonIne ciMtA thaI. AghAtane kAraNe citta kSubdha to thaI gayuM nathI ne ! emaNe lAgaNIsabhara avAje mArkonIne pUchayuM, "priye ! tame asvastha to nathI thaI gayA ne ?" mArkonIe kahyuM, "nA. huM pUrNapaNe svastha chuM. mArI lezamAtra phikara karIza nahIM. badhuM barAbara che." ATaluM bolyA pachI mArkonIe dRDha avAje kahyuM, "have AjathI huM vadhu utsAhabhera 'sTezana' racavA mATe kAma karIza. koI paNa bAbata ke koI paNa avarodha mane mArA dhyeyathI calita karI zakaze nahIM." mArkonInA A saMkalpamAMthI vizvane keTalIya vadhu zodha maLI. kAramI garIbIne kAraNe abrAhama liMkana graMthAlayamAMthI pustako lAvatA ane pustakanI. vAMcIne pAchAM ApI AvatA. e samaye 'amerikAnuM jIvana" nAmanuM eka pustaka kiMmata pragaTa thayuM. abrAhama liMkanane e vAMcavAnI tAlAvelI jAgI. graMthAlayamAMthI paNa e pustaka maLyuM nahIM, paraMtu tapAsa karatAM khabara paDI ke potAnA paDozIne tyAM e pustaka che. abrAhama liMkana enI pAse gayA ane pustaka vAMcavAnI potAnI tIvra icchA pragaTa karI. paDozIe pustaka to ApyuM paraMtu sAthosAtha tAkIda karI ke be-cAra divasamAM vAMcIne pAchuM ApI jaje. pustaka bagaDe nahIM ke phATI jAya nahIM, tenI cIvaTa rAkhaje. abrAhama liMkane pustaka vAMcavA mAMDyuM. Akho divasa e pustakanI sRSTimAM DUbelA rahyA. satata vAMcatA jAya. eka rAtre UMgha AvatAM e pustaka bArI pAse mUkIne suI gayA. rAtre varasAda paDayo ane varasAdanI vAchaTane lIdhe pustaka palaLI gayuM. savAre pustakanI A dazA joI tyAre abrAhama liMkananA peTamAM phALa paDI. are ! paDozIne vacana ApyuM hatuM ke pustaka barAbara jIvananuM javAhira janma : 25 eprila, 1874, bolaoNgnA, iTAlI avasAna : 20 julAI, 1937, roma, iTAlI 50 jIvananuM javAhira 51

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jALavIne pAchuM ApIza ane varasAdane kAraNe enAM pAnAM thoDAM palaLI javAthI saheja bagaDI gayuM. abrAhama liMkana paDozI pAse gayA ane kSamAyAcanA sAthe vAta karI. pustaka bagaDI javAthI thayeluM nukasAna bharapAI karavAnI khAtarI ApI athavA to paDozI kahe to thoDA divasamAM paisA raLIne navuM pustaka ene pAchuM ApI jaze ema kahyuM. emano paDozI eka vizALa khetarano mAlika hato, ene kheDUtanI jarUrata hatI. eNe abrAhama liMkanane kahyuM, "jo tuM mArA khetaramAM traNa divasa kAma kare to tArI pAsethI kazI kiMmata vasUla karIza nahIM." abrAhama liMkane pUchyuM, "huM traNa divasa tamArA khetaramAM majUrI karavA taiyAra chuM. ATalI majUrIthI pustakane thayeluM nukasAna bharapAI thaze ke pachI navuM pustaka lAvavAnI kiMmata bharapAI thaze?" paDozIe kahyuM, "jo tuM traNa divasa mATe khetamajUrI karIza to A pustaka tAruM. A pustaka pachI tAre ja rAkhI levAnuM." abrAhama liMkane paDozInA khetaramAM traNa divasa kALI majUrI karI, paraMtu ene apAra harSa e thayo ke enA badalAmAM peluM pustaka potIkuM thaI gayuM. pUra janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, hojenavile, kenTukI rAjya, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 1865, vaoNziMgTana DI.sI., amerikA jIvananuM javAhira sahu samAna 'padhAro ! komareDa ! padhAro !" potAnI vALa kApavAnI dukAnamAM pravezI rahelA soviyeta raziyAnA sarvocca netA leninanuM vALaMde sanmAnapUrvaka svAgata karyuM. vALaMdanI dukAnamAM potAno vALa kapAvavAno vAro AvavAnI rAha joIne beThelA bIjA lokoe paNa A mahAna netAne joIne UbhA thaIne umaLakAbhera emanuM svAgata karyuM. sahu koIne mATe komareDa lenina e nUtana raziyAnI racanA mATe mathanArA mahAna ane samartha netA hatA. AkhI duniyAe raziyAnI oNkTobaranI krAMti joI hatI ane leninanI mahattA jANI hatI. lenine vALaMdanA ane enA grAhakonA hUMphALA AvakArano hastadhanUna karIne svIkAra karyo. grAhakoe pahelAM leninanA vALa kApavA mATe vALaMdane kahyuM. A joIne lenine daDhatAthI kiMtu namratAthI kahyuM, "nA ! nA. mAro vAro Ave tyAM sudhI huM rAha joIza." ATaluM bolIne vALaMdanI dukAnamAM paDeluM akhabAra hAthamAM jIvananuM javAhira 53

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laIne lenina vAMcavA lAgyA. vALaMde khuda leninane vinaMtI karI, "maherabAnI karIne tame Avo. tamAre ghaNAM javAbadArIbharyAM kAryo karavAnAM hoya che, tethI tamane agratA ApIe chIe. tamAro samaya ghaNo mUlyavAna che." lenine daDhatAthI kahyuM, "A samAjamAM koInuMya kArya bIjAnA kAryathI ochuM agatyanuM ke mahattvanuM nathI. majUra, zikSaka, ijanera ke pakSanA sekreTarI e sahunuM kAma sarakhA mahattvanuM che. A ja ApaNo siddhAMta, ApaNI zista ane ApaNuM kartavya che. koInAya karatAM koI UMco ke koI nIco nathI. huM A mahAna siddhAMtanI viruddhamAM koI dAkhalo besADavA cAhato nathI. mApha karaje mane." 54 janma : 22 eprila, 1870, utpAnavIska, raziyA avasAna : 21 jAnyuArI, 1924, gorkI leninaskAya, raziyA jIvananuM javAhira mAruM dezabaMdhutva dhA yuvA jiyAtapaNe lazkarI riya satyanA zodhaka tattvaciMtaka saoNkreTisanA vicAroe grIsamAM vicAronI eka navI havA phelAvI. e samaye grIsanA eNthensa nagaramAM evo kAyado hato ke levuM. A kAnUnane kAraNe tattvaciMtaka oNkreTise lazkarI tAlIma lIdhI ane samaya jatAM A vicAraka karamAM joDAyA. e samaye DeliyamanA yuddhamAM eNthensano parAjaya thayo. nsavAsIo raNamedAna choDIne athensa tarapha bhAgI rahyA A samaye athensano jenophana nAmano sainika ghAyala ne rastAmAM paDyo hato. enA ghAmAMthI lohI vahetuM hatuM. e bacavA mATe jorajorathI cIso pADato hato, paraMtu pAchaLathI duzmananA humalAno bhaya hoya tyAre UbhuM koNa rahe ? AthI badhA jenona para mAtra dayAdRSTi nAkhIne eNthensa tarapha nAsatA hatA. saoNkreTisa A rastethI pasAra thaI rahyA hatA ane emaNe jenophanane joyo. e UbhA rahI gayA. enA ghA sApha karavA mAMDyA. ane pANI pivaDAvyuM ane pachI ene pITha para nAkhIne athensa tarapha laI javAnI taiyArI karavA lAgyA. jIvananuM javAhira 55

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saoNkreTisane emanA sAthIoe salAha ApI ke, "Ama UbhA rahIne sevA karazo to mota paLavAramAM AvI pahoMcaze. vaLI tIvra vege eNthensa pahoMcavAnuM che. jenophanane pITha para UMcakIne tame cAlazo to kyAre eNthensa pahoMcazo ? duzmano pAchaLa AvI rahyA che to sAme cAlIne emano zikAra banavAnI peravI kema karo cho ?" saoNkreTise kahyuM, "bhAI, tame jAo. huM to jenophanane laIne ja AvIza." koIe saoNkreTisane avyavahAru mAnyA, koIe jiddI gayA to koIe emane bevakUphamAM khapAvyA, paraMtu sokreTisa emanA vicAramAM makkama hatA. emaNe kahyuM, "mAro jIva bacAvavA mATe mArA nagarane khAtara yuddha khelanAra jenophanane A rIte choDIne bhAgI jAuM to mAruM dezabaMdhutva lAje. bhale zatruo AvI pahoMce, athavA eNthensa pahoMcavAmAM ati vilaMba thAya, paNa jenophanane to mArI pITha parathI utArIza nahIM." benjAmina phrenkalina emanA | pitAnAM sattara saMtAnomAM dasamuM saMtAna ciMtA rAkhazo hatA. emanA pitA sAbu ane mINabattI | banAvavAno vyavasAya karatA hatA. nahIM. benjAmina phrenkaline dasa varSanI vaya sudhI abhyAsa karyo. bAramA varSe potAnA bhAInA mudraNAlayamAM zikhAu tarIke joDAyA. emanA moTA bhAI emanI sAthe atyaMta kharAba vartAva karatA hatA. AvAM apamAna sahana karavAne badale nokarI choDavI bahetara lAgI potAnuM zahera bosTana choDI dIdhuM ane philADelphiyAmAM AvyA. tevIsa varSanI vaye emaNe pensilaveniyA ane enI AsapAsanAM saMsthAnomAM kAma karyuM. bosTanamAM vasatAM emanAM mAtA-pitA putra dUra hovAthI emanI khUba ciMtA karatAM hatAM. benjAminanA banevI homsa tapAsa karI ane benjAminanI bhALa meLavI, eNe benjAminane Agrahabharyo patra lakhyo ane ghera pAchA AvavA vinaMtI karI. enA javAbamAM benjAmina phrenkaline AtmavizvAsathI lakhyuM, "huM ahIM svataMtra rIte jIvuM chuM ane anna chuM." janma : I. pU. 469430, eNthensa, grIsa avasAna : I. pU. 399, aMyensa, grIsa pa6 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira pa7

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patranA aMte benjAmina phrenkaline lakhyuM, "jo parizrama, karakasara, ImAnadArI, laganI ane mAdaka dravyothI dUra rahevAnI makkamatAne kAraNe saphaLa thavAtuM hoya, to huM jarUra saphaLa thaIza. tame mAre vize saheje nirAzA sevazo nahIM ane ciMtA rAkhazo nahIM." Ama phrenkalina philADelphiyAmAM ja rahyA. ahIM pravRttiono vyApa vadhAratA gayA. pariNAme mudraka, prakAzaka, saMzodhaka ane lekhaka, baMdhAraNanA mutsaddI ane sthita-vidyutano siddhAMta ApanAra vijJAnI tarIke benjAmina phrenkalina vizvabharamAM nAmanA pAmyA. 58 janma - 17 jAnyuArI, 1706, bosTana, mesecUseTsa, amerikA avasAna : 17 eprila 1790, philADelphiyA, pensilaveniyA, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira aMdhajano mATenI vAMcavA-lakhavAnI lipinA zodhaka lUI breila mAtra traNa varSanI vaye aMdha banyA. nAnakaDo lUI enA pitA sAyamana breilanA ghoDAnA jIna banAvavAnA varkazopamAM ramato hato. enA pitA bahAra gayA hatA ane lUI breila cAmaDuM kApavAnAM ane emAM cheda karavAnAM ojArothI ramavA lAgyo. soyAno upayoga acAnaka mocIkAmano soyo enI AMkhamAM pesI gayo. eka AMkhanI rozanI cAlI gaI ane inphekzanane kAraNe bIjI AMkhe paNa aMdhAruM thaI gayuM. pitA sAyamane potAnA aMdha bALakane (daza varSanI uMmare paeNrisanI nAnA aMdha bALako mATenI rASTrIya saMsthAmAM dAkhala karAvyA. lUI breila abhyAsamAM tejasvI hatA. teo A saMsthAmAMthI grejyueTa thayA ane samaya jatAM e ja saMsthAmAM adhyApaka banyA. potAnA abhyAsakALa daramiyAna lUI breilane pustako vAMcavA mATe haMmezAM bIjAno sahAro levo paDato. manamAM satata ema vicAratA ke koI evI paddhati zodhAya kharI ke jenA dvArA jIvananuM javAhira 59

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dRSTihIna vyakti paNa dRSTivAnanI mAphaka pustaka vAMcI zake ! manamAM satata A vAta ghoLAtI hatI. emaNe keTalIya navI-navI yuktio vicArI ane akhatarA karyA. emaNe jANyuM ke lazkaramAM rAtre yuddha samaye eka mathaka parathI bIjA mathaka para saMdezA pahoMcADavA mATe jADA kAgaLa para TapakAM upasAvIne saMketacihno karavAmAM Ave che. lUI breile AnA para UMDo vicAra karyo. emaNe soyAnA upayoga dvArA navI lipi zodhI kADhI. cha TapakAMvALI ane tetAlIsa saMketacihno dharAvatI emanI A navI lipimAM bArAkhaDInA tamAma saMyukta svaro ane uccAra-saMketono samAveza karyo. A lipithI saMgItanuM vAcana ane lakhANa dRSTivAnonI anya lipio karatAM vadhu AsAna rIte thaI zake che ane teno ucca gaNita mATe upayoga paNa thaI zake che. Ama potAnA jIvanamAM sauthI du:khadAyaka ghaTanA sarjanAra soyAnA sAdhanano upayoga karIne breile lAkho prajJAcakSuo A soyAthI upasAvelA akSaro para AMgaLInA TeravAnA sparzamAtrathI pustakonAM pustako vAMcI zake tevI lipinuM sarjana karyuM je vizvanI lagabhaga badhI ja bhASAomAM livyaMtara pAmI. Aje samagra vizva ene breila lipi tarIke oLakhe che. 50 janma : 4 jAnyuArI, 1809, kaoNpapre, paeNrisa, phrAnsa : 6 jAnyuArI, 1852, paeNrisa, phrAnsa avasAna jIvananuM javAhira maoNTaranI eka phekTarImAM morisa kArIgara tarIke kAma karato hato. maoNTaranA maheNAMno pratyeka bhAganI ene jhINavaTabharI javAba jANakArI hatI. badhA mikenikomAM e sahuthI vadhu kuzaLa mikenika gaNAto hato. maoNTaranA enjinanI khAmI koIne jaDatI na hoya, to enI tapAsa morisane soMpavAmAM AvatI. A bAhoza mikenika mahenata karIne e kSati khoLI kADhato ane ene ripera karIne maoNTarane pharI cAlu karI deto. eka vAra morisa kArakhAnAmAM moDo pahoMcyo. nasIbajoge e divase kaMpanInA mAlika kArakhAnAnI mulAkAte AvyA hatA. emaNe hAjarIpatraka maMgAvIne badhA kArIgaronA Agamanano samaya joyo. eTalAmAM morisa AvI pahoMcyo. phekTarInA mAlike ene Thapako Apyo. teo morisanI kAbeliyatane jANatA hatA, paraMtu emane thayuM ke pote mAlika che ane jo Thapako na Ape to kema cAle ? AthI emaNe morisane kahyuM, "A rIte moDA AvavuM barAbara nathI. samayanuM barAbara pAlana thavuM joIe." morise namratAthI vilaMbanAM kAraNo ApyA ane kahyuM, "atyaMta anivArya paristhiti hovAne kAraNe ja Avo vilaMba thayo che." jIvananuM javAhira 31

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phekTarInA mAlike ruAba chAMTatA hoya te rIte kahyuM, "jo A rIte moDA ja AvavuM hoya to phekTarInA kArIgara nahIM, paNa phekTarInA mAlika bano. bAkI dareka kArIgare potAno samaya sAMcavavo joIe." mAlikanuM A maheNuM morisane hADohADa lAgI gayuM ane eNe enuM rAjInAmuM dharI dIdhuM. sAthI kArIgaro to stabdha banI gayA. mAlike paNa sakhtAI dAkhavavA mATe e rAjInAmuM svIkArI lIdhuM. sAthI kArIgaroe morisane salAha ApI ke mAlikanAM AvAM vacanothI akaLAI javAya nahIM. have mAphI mAgIne rAjInAmuM pAchuM kheMcI le. koIe kahyuM, "morisa, nokarI karavI hoya to ATalA badhA saMvedanazIla thavAya nahIM. mAlika bhale Thapako Ape, ApaNe eka kAne sAMbhaLIne bIjA kAnathI kADhI nAkhavAno. AvI vAtothI manamAM mAThuM lagADAya nahIM." morisa aDaga rahyo. eNe bIje divase potAnI phekTarI banAvavAno prayatna AraMbhyo. samaya jatAM morise potAnI phekTarI UbhI karI. mAlike ApelAM maheNAMne puruSArthanA paDakArarUpe svIkArIne eNe potAnI saghaLI kuzaLatA kAme lagADI ane samaya jatAM eNe jagavikhyAta banelI nAnI morisa moTaranuM utpAdana karyuM. 62 janma : 10 oNkTobara, 1877, vaoNrsesTara, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 22 oNgasTa, 1963, nuliDa, oNksapharDazAyara, iMglaeNnDa jIvananuM javAhira snehanI sabharatA sUkSma avalokanazakti ane viSayavastu pramANe tAdaza dazyo sarjavAnI kuzaLatA dharAvanAra aMgreja navalakathAkAra cArlsa DikinjhanA pitA naukAdaLamAM eka sAmAnya kArakuna tarIke nokarI karatA hatA. garIbAIne kAraNe emanA pitAne devuM thayuM hatuM ane pariNAme emane kArAvAsa bhogavavo paDyo hato. atyaMta nabaLI Arthika sthiti hovA chatAM cArlsa DikinjhanA pitA putrane bhaNAvavA cAhatA hatA, jyAre cArlsa Dikinjhane tenI mAtA majUrIe vaLagADI devA cAhatI hatI. cArlsa kanjhane emanA pitAnI icchA viruddha mAtAe majUrIe lagADI dIdhA. bAra varSanA cArlsa Dikinjhe eka dukAnamAM zIzI para lebala lagADavAnuM kAma karyuM, paraMtu A bALapaNanA duHkhada anubhavonI chAyA ane mAtAnI kaThoratA cArlsa Dikinjha vanabhara bhUlyA nahIM. cArlsa Dikingane bALamajUra tarIke lAMbo samaya majUrI karavI paDI nahIM. paMdaramA varSe abhyAsa choDIne vartamAnapatronA jIvananuM javAhira 63

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khabarapatrI banyA. eka bAju zeksapiyara, smaoNleTa, philDiMga jevA aMgrejalekhakonAM pustakonuM cArlsa Dikinjhane gheluM lAgyuM hatuM, to bIjI bAju akhabAranA khabarapatrI hovAthI vAstavikatAno anubhava, spaSTa Alekhana ane tvarita lekhanamAM nipuNa banyA. samaya jatAM cArlsa Dikinjha vizvanA eka uttama navalakathAkAra banyA. emaNe aDhaLaka kamANI karI. prakhyAta ane zrImaMta banyA pachI emaNe avetana raMgabhUmi para kAma karyuM. e samaye cArlsa DikinjhanA pitA prakAzako pAse jaIne chAnAmAnA putranI raoNyalTInI rakama laI AvatA ane vAparI nAkhatA hatA. emanA pitAnI AvI vartaNUka joIne mitroe kahyuM, "tamAre tamArA prakAzakone sUcanA ApI devI joIe ke emane koIe phUTI koDI paNa ApavI nahIM." mAnavajIvananuM sUkSma avalokana karavAnI ane mAnavamanano tAga dharAvanAra A sarjake AvuM karavAnI cokhkhI nA pADI. pote mAyALu pitAnuM apamAna karI zake nahIM. pitA Arthika arthamAM bhale samasyArUpa hoya, paraMtu snehanI sabharatAnI bAbatamAM koI samasyArUpa nahotA. jyAre bALapaNamAM kaThora vartana karanArI mAtA cArlsa Dikintune mATe jIvanabhara snehanI samasyArUpa banI rahyAM. 4 janma : 7 phebruArI, 1812, poTarsamAutha, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 9 jUna, 1870, hiMgahAma, iMglenDa jIvananuM javAhira raMgamaMca para mAtA nRtya karatAM karatAM madhura kaMThe gIta gAtI hatI. enI sAthe pAMca varSano putra A kAryakramamAM AMgaLIe vaLagIne Avato hato ane prabaLa AtmavizvAsa viMgamAM eka khUNe Ubho rahIne mAtAnI kalAne ekITase joto hato. eka divasa enI mAtAnI tabiyata barAbara nahotI. gAvAnuM zarU karyuM, paNa avAja tUTavA lAgyo. khUba prayatna tyAre mAMDa mAMDa saheja avAja nIkaLyo. eNe gAvAno nAra viphaLa prayatna karyo. pAMca varSanA bALakane samajAtuM nahotuM ke raMgamaMca para anI mAtAne A zuM thAya che ? eNe joyuM to maMca parathI enI mAtA aMdara doDI gaI ane dhrusake ne dhrusake raDavA lAgI. eka kSaNa to pAMca varSanA bALakane mA pAse doDI javAnuM mana thayuM paNa bIjI bAju mAtAnI sadAnI kaDaka sUcanA hatI ke viMgamAM A ja sthAne UbhA rahevuM; kyAMya khasavuM nahIM. mAtA sAthe Avato A chokaro roja enI mAtAne chaTAthI gAtI ane nRtya karatI joto hato. e pachI enI mAtAnA sAthI kalAkAro AgaLa enI AbAda mimikrI karIne e sahune khuza karato hato. pAMca varSanA e chokarA pAse maeNnejara AvyA jIvananuM javAhira 35

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ane kahyuM, "cAla chokarA, sTeja para Ava. roja tArI mAtA kevI chaTAthI cAle che, kevI rIte gAnanRtya kare che enI nakala kare che! Aje e sTeja para karI batAva." - pAMca varSanA chokarAe AtmavizvAsathI kahyuM, "huM jarUra karI batAvIza ane khUba sArI rIte karI batAvIza. tame saheje gabharAzo nahIM." A chokarAno AtmavizvAsa joIne maeNnejara thoDI vAra enI sAme tAkIne joI rahyA ane pachI hasatAM hasatAM viMgamAM cAlyA gayA. nAnakaDo chokaro maMca para Avyo. darzako samakSa potAnI mAtAnI AbAda mimikrI karI. darzakoe tALIonA gaDagaDATathI ene vadhAvI lIdho ane enA para paisAno varasAda varasAvyo. e chokaro enI mAtA pAse gayo ane mAtAnI AMgaLI pakaDIne kahevA lAgyo, "cAla mA, have ghera jaIe. huM have gAIza ane nAcIza ane ghaNA badhA paisA kamAIza." pAMca varSanA e bALake evA AtmavizvAsathI mimikrI karI ke enI e zaktie ene zreSTha hAsyaabhinetA cArlI ceplina banAvyo. dareka vyaktine koI ne koI rogano bhaya satAvato hoya che. koIka vicAre oNparezanonA che ke mane ekAeka kaeNnsara thaI jaze to zuM thaze ? koI icche che ke jIvanamAM anubhava bhale game te roga Ave, paNa perAlisisa na thAya to sAruM ! koIne hArTaeTeMkanI Tira hoya che, to koIne TI.bI.no bhaya hoya che. amerikAnA butha TArakiMsTanane evo bhaya aMdhApAno to hato. ene thatuM hatuM ke jIvanamAM hArTaeTeka Ave to , paNa aMdhApo na khape. sATha varSanA bUtha TArakiMsTanane nA dIvAnakhaMDamAM judo ja anubhava thayo. e khaMDamAM pAtharelo raMgI camakadAra gAlIco emane jhAMkho jhAMkho lAgavA mAMDyo. samaya jatAM khyAla Avyo ke emanI AMkhoe jhAMkhapa vaLavA mAMDI che ane aMdhApo AMkhanA popacA para TakorA mArI rahyo che. bUtha dhrUjI UThyA. emane AzAonuM jagata aMdhakAramAM DUbatuM dekhAyuM. AMkhanA niSNAta DaoNkTare nidAna karyuM ke emanI eka AMkhanI rozanI to sAva cAlI gaI che. mAtra bIjI AMkhamAM jhAMkho jhAMkho prakAza che. AthI bIjI AMkhane bacAvavA parezana karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. bUthe jIvananuM javAhira janma : 16 eprila, 1889, volavarca, laMDana, IMglenDa avasAna : rapa Disembara, 1933, korsiyara sara. vivi, svitjharlenDa phaka jIvananuM javAhira 67

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vAstavikatAno svIkAra karyo ane te paNa hasate mukhe. emaNe nakkI karyuM ke have jIvanamAM je kaMI AvavAnuM che te 2DIne, DarIne ke gabharAIne svIkAravAne badale ene ullAsathI AvakAra Apo. bIjI AMkhane bacAvavA mATe bUthane eka ja varSamAM bAra bAra oNparezana karAvavAM paDyAM. bUthe AvelI Aphatane AnaMdathI svIkArI lIdhI, eka pachI eka oparezana thavA lAgyAM. bUtha TArakiMsTana kahetA ke A bAra bAra oNparezanomAM pratyeka oNparezane huM vadhu ne vadhu anubhavasamRddha banato gayo. A paristhitimAMthI kaMIka ne kaMIka padArthapATha meLavato gayo. e pachI to aMdhApAno bhaya cAlyo gayo ane pratyeka oNparezane thato navo anubhava mane AnaMda, sukha ane zAMti Apato gayo. A bAra oparezanano anubhava eTalo mahattvano ane vyaktitvano vikAsa karanAro nIvaDyo ke e anubhava jIvananA koI paNa AnaMdasabhara anubhava karatAM bUthane caDiyAto lAgyo. paristhitino svIkAra ane jAte sahana karavAnI zaktine kAraNe bUtha prasanna jIvana gALI zakyA. amerikAnA rASTrapramukhanAM patnI *prathama mahilA" tarIke oLakhAya che. ziSTAcArano 1933mAM amerikAnAM prathama mahilA ane rASTrapramukha phrenkalina rUjhavelTanAM savAla patnI annA elinora rUjhavelTe amerikI pramukhanAM patnI tarIke prathama vAra patrakAra-pariSada yojI. "mAya De" nAmanA vartamAnapatramAM varSo sudhI kaoNlama-lekhana karyuM. samAjasevA kAje samagra dezano vyApaka pravAsa karIne jAtamAhitI ekatra karI. sauthI vizeSa to 1946mAM yunomAM mAnava-adhikAra paMcanA adhyakSa tarIke mahattvanI kAmagIrI bajAvI. rAjakIya samasyAomAM UMDo rasa laI vizva-rAja kAraNanA pravAhono abhyAsa karI prakhara vaktA tarIke sarvatra prasiddha thayA. amerikAnA DemokreTika pakSa para emano ghaNo prabhAva rahyo ane amerikAnA jAherajIvananAM khyAtanAma mahilA tarIke sarvatra oLakhAvA lAgyAM. eka bhojana-samAraMbhamAM pramukha rUjhavelTanI sAthe annA elinora paNa gayAM hatAM ane e samaye emane joIne eka vRddha puruSa emanI pAse AvyA. emaNe kahyuM, "mArI patnI Apane maLavA mATe khUba Atura che. enA jIvananI A eka moTI janma : 29 julAI, 1869, inDiyAnApolisa, inDiyAnA, amerikA avasAna : 19 me, 1946, inDiyAnApolisA, inDiyAnA, amerikA 18 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 69

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jhaMkhanA che. Apa anumati Apo to huM ene thoDI ja vAramAM ahIM laI AvuM." annA elinore pUchyuM, "ApanAM patnInI uMmara keTalI che?" vayovRddhe kahyuM, "bhyAsI varSa." A sAMbhaLatAM ja amerikAnAM mahilA saMgaThano, grAhaka-kalyANa, bekArI-nivAraNa ane garIbonA AvAsa mATe kAmagIrI karanArAM mAnavatAvAdI zrImatI rUjhavelTa bolI UThyAM, "nA, teone ahIM AvavAnI jarUra nathI. mArA karatAM ApanAM patnI paMdara varSa moTAM che. haMmezAM nAnI uMmaranI vyaktie moTI umaranI vyakti pAse javuM joIe. moTI uMmaranI vyaktie nAnI uMmaranI vyakti pAse javAnuM na hoya. A ziSTAcAra che, mATe A bhojana-samAraMbha pUro thaye huM ja tamArI sAthe AvIza." samAraMbha pUro thatAM annA elinora rUjhavelTa pelA vRddhanI sAthe emanAM patnIne maLavA cAlI nIkaLyAM. muktinI jhaMkhanA. 19mI sadImAM amerikAnA azveta mAnavIo gorI prajAnA julama ane atyAcAra sahana karIne narakathI paNa badatara jIvana gujAratA hatA. emane jIvanabhara veTha karavI paDatI ane vadhArAmAM mAlikano mAra sahana karavo pAnuM. AvI paristhitimAM janmelA phreDarika DaglAsa kALI majUrI na hatA, paraMtu emanA manamAM eka vAta evI to ThasI gaI tenI pAse kaparAM kArya siddha kare evI akhUTa zakti che. bI ane yAtanA vacce jIvatA DaglAsa potAnI A razakti para zraddhA TheravIne kazuMka karavAnI dhagazathI aMdhakArabharyA jagatamAM jIvatA hatA. emaNe vicAryuM ke A aMdhakAramAMthI prakAza ApanAra hoya to te jJAna che. bhaNatara vinA bIjuM badhuM nakAmuM. gorA mAlikanI patnIe A chokarAnI zIkhavAnI dhagaza joIne dayAbhAvathI ene bhaNAvavAnuM zarU karyuM, paraMtu enA patine jANa thatAM eNe e gulAmane bhaNAvavA para pratibaMdha mUkI dIdho. paraMtu A samayagALAmAM to phreDarika DaglAsane vAcanano raMga janma 11 oNkTobara, 1884, pUryorka siTI, cUpake, amerikA avasAna : 7 navembara, 196ra, nyUyorka siTI, nyUyorka, amerikA 7) jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 71

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lAgI cUkyo hato. duniyAnA mahAna lokonAM bhASaNonuM eka saMkalana DaglAsane maLyuM. e ene mAtra vAMcI gayA nahIM, balka pacAvI gayA. keTalAMya bhASaNa e kaDakaDATa bolI javA lAgyA. A mahAna puruSonAM bhASaNo vAMcatAM emane e paNa samajAyuM ke potAnA vicAro kaI rIte saMgRhIta karavA joIe, enI kevI prastuti hovI joIe. mahattvanA muddA ke dalIlanI kaI rIte rajUAta pAmavI joIe ane zrotAo upara prabhAvaka asara thAya e mATe zuM karavuM joIe? phreDarika DaglAsa mAlikanI gulAmImAMthI mukta thayA tyAM sudhI A badhI bAbato para UMDuM ciMtana karatA rahyA. jevI emane mukti maLI ke tarata ja emaNe pote veThelI yAtanAo ane gulAmInI prathA sAme potAno avAja bulaMda karyo. ogaNIsamI sadImAM phreDarika DaglAsa amerikAnA azvatonI vedanA ane yAtanA tathA muktinI jhaMkhanA pragaTa karatA eka prabhAvaka netA banI rahyA. emanAM bhASaNoe amerikAnI raMgabheda sAmenI jehAdamAM navuM baLa pUryuM. mahAna vaijJAnika lUI pAzcara prasiddha 2sAyaNavida ane sUkSma prastAvano jIvANuzAstrI tarIke vizvabharamAM prasiddhi pAmyA. vijJAnanA kSetre AMtarasUjha ane asvIkAra prAyogika nipuNatAne kAraNe emaNe mAnavajAtane upayogI evAM ghaNAM saMzodhano karyA. khAdya sAmagrIne kaI rIte jaMtumukta banAvI zakAya tenI paddhati zodhI, to enI sAthosAtha mAnavIne ati upakAraka evI rogapratikAraka rasInI paNa zodha karI. jarmanInA zahenazAhe vaijJAnika lUI pAzcaranI khyAti sAMbhaLI ane emaNe karelI zodhothI e prabhAvita thayA. emaNe vicAryuM ke Avo mahAna vaijJAnika mArA jarmanImAM hoya to kevuM dhanyabhAgya ! AthI jarmanInA zahenazAhe lUI pAzcarane saMdezo mokalyo ke tame jarmanI Avo. amane tamArA kAmanI khUba khUba kadara che. tamArAM jJAna ane saMzodhana mATe ati Adara che. ahIM ame tamane saghaLI suvidhA ApIzuM. Arthika ciMtAthI tame saMpUrNa mukta rahezo. jIvananuM javAhira janma : phebruArI 1818, TAlabUTa kAunTI, merIlaeNnDa, amerikA avasAna : 20 phebruArI, 1895, vaoNziMgTana DI.sI. amerikA 72 jIvananuM javAhira - 73

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vinaMtI e che ke amArA dezamAM AvIne UMcA hodAno svIkAra karo. lUI pAzcara potAnA vatana phrAnsane cAhatA hatA. zahenazAhano patra vAMcyo. emanI vAtano asvIkAra karatAM lakhyuM, huM kaI rIte phrAnsa choDIne tamAre tyAM vasI zakuM ? tAjetaramAM jarmanIe mArI mAtRbhUmi phrAnsanI karelI tabAhI hajI huM bhUlI zakyo nathI. phrAnsa mAruM vatana che ane tethI mArA vatanane tabAha karanAra dezamAM huM sukhano eka zvAsa paNa na laI zakuM. AthI ApanA udAra prastAvano huM namratApUrvaka asvIkAra karuM chuM." a grIsanA tattvaciMtaka DAyojinisa tattvavettA sokreTisanA ziSya mahAmUrkhanI ekTispenisanA ziSya hatA ane emaNe svAvalaMbI jIvana jIvavAno Agavo mArga sAbitI darzAvyo. makAnamAM nivAsa karavAne badale DAyojinisa vizALa pAipamAM vasatA hatA. teo divase phAnasa laIne eNthensa zaheranI zerIomAM ghUmatA hatA ane kahetA hatA ke e sUryaprakAzamAM phAnasanA ajavALe pramANika mANasane zodhI rahyo che. samAjamAM vyApelA bhraSTAcArane joIne emaNe sAmAjika mUlyo ane saMsthAo sAme avirata AMdolana calAvyuM hatuM. eka vAra eka mahephilamAM DAyojinisa ane enA mitra beThA hatA. enA mitrae UMcI jAtanA dArUno jAma bharIne A tattvaciMtakane Apyo. eNe e moMgho dArU pIvAne badale bAjunI gaMdA pANInI DolamAM e jAma ThalavI dIdho. A joIne enA mitrae AzcaryathI pUchyuM, janma : 27 Disembara, 1822, vele, phrA avasAna : 28 sapTembara, 185, mArsana-lA-kokviTI, phrAnsa 74 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 75

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"are kevo mANasa che tuM, sAva mUrkha che. Avo moMgho ane UMcI jAtano dArU Ama DhoLI devAya kharo ?" DAyojinisa hasyA ane bolyA, "mane kahe to kharo ke meM dArU DhoLI dIdho, to teM zuM karyuM ?" mitrae chaTAthI kahyuM, "meM ? huM to ene ArAmathI dhIre dhIre pIuM chuM ane A moMghA dArUnI majA mANuM chuM. enI lahejata judI ja hoya che. samajyo ?" DAyojinise kahyuM, "jo tuM Ama kare che, to mArAthI paNa moTo murkha che. meM to DhoLI nAkhIne mAtra dArU ja bagADyo, paNa tuM to dArU ane zarIra baMne bagADe che. dArU uparAMta zarIrano nAza karIne tuM to mahAmUrNa sAbita thayo." cInanA mahAna ciMtaka kaphyuziyasanA prabhAvathI cInanI nekadila saMskRtinuM ghaDatara thayuM. teo gharamAM ja pAThazALA sthApIne vidyArthIone prAcIna insAnA sAhitya, saMskRti ane vividha kalAono abhyAsa karAvavA lAgyA. emaNe vidvattA, cAritra, pramANikatA ane vaphAdArI para khAsa bhAra mUkyo. teo kahetA ke mane manuSyanI traNa bAbato satata khaTakyA kare che ane e traNa bAbato che enI saguNavRddhinI niSphaLatA, satyanA amalamAM niSphaLatA ane khoTuM sudhArI levAnI niSphaLatA. kaphyuziyase ucca vicAronuM potAnA jIvanamAM AcaraNa karI batAvyuM. je rAjAne tyAM e nokarI karatA hatA, e rAjAnA bhogavilAsamaya jIvanathI e kaMTALI gayA. vaLI e rAjAnI AsapAsa khuzAmatakhoronI maMDaLI bhegI thaI gaI hatI. AthI kaphyuziyase potAnA rAja adhikAranA mAnamaratabAno ane rAjyano tyAga karyo. uttama graMthonA racanAkAra ane mAnavatAnI maheMka prasarAvanAra kaMphyuziyasanA tyAganI vAta sAMbhaLIne paDozI - jIvananuM javAhira janma : I. pR. 412, ninopa, tuka avasAna H I. pU. 323, korinya, grIsa, 76 jIvananuM javAhira 77

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rAjA emane potAne tyAM rAkhavA Atura banyo. kanphyUziyasa enA rAjyamAM pravezyA che, evI khabara maLatAM ja e emanI pAse doDI gayo. rAjAe kahyuM, "mahAtman, Apa mArA rAjyamAM vaso. ApanA vicArothI huM abhibhUta thayo chuM. Apane mArA rAjyanA zreSTha saMcAlaka banAvavA icchuM chuM. mArI vinaMtIno svIkAra karIne Apa mArA para kRpA karo." kanphyUziyase svastha citte vicAra karIne kahyuM, "rAjanu, nekadila insAna tarIke vavAmAM ja AnaMda Ave che. bhojana mATe roTalo maLe che, pIvA mATe pANI maLe che, sUvA mATe jamIna maLe che, AthI vizeSa mAnavane zuM joIe? kharuM ne !" "e sAcuM, paraMtu AjIvikA mATe dhana upArjana karavuM paDe ne ?" saMta kanphyUziyase uttara Apyo, "anyanA upakAra taLe rahIne ke adharmathI paiso meLavIne je potAnuM pApI peTa bhare che, te mAnava nathI. mAnava to e che ke je zramathI upArjana karelA paisAthI potAno nirvAha calAve che. mAre have koI rAjaadhikAra joIto nathI. tame mane sAcA dilathI vinaMtI karI, paraMtu have tene huM svIkArI zakuM tema nathI." ane kanphyUziyase rAjaadhikArano tyAga karIne mojathI garIbI oDhI lIdhI. 38 janma avasAna : 28, sapTembara, 551, I. pU., Dyu sTeTa (hAla cIna) - I. pU. 479, nyu sTeTa (hAla cIna) jIvananuM javAhira amerikAnA mahAna saMzodhaka thomasa AlvA eDisane vyApaka janasamudAyane bhItaranI upayogamAM Ave tevI vidyutano upayoga karatI vividha prakAranI prayuktio vikasAvI. 1879nI 21mI Disembare vIjaLInA dIvAnuM sauprathama nidarzana karyuM vizvamAM vidyuta-yugano prAraMbha thayo. vAta enA nAma para eka hajAra ane trANuM jeTalI navAM dhanonI peTanTa hatI. potAnI sauthI mahAna zodha tarIke Asana grAmophonanI zodhane mAnatA hatA, kAraNa ke enA emaNe saMgItane ghera ghera pahoMcatuM karyuM. tIvra jijJAsA, viziSTa sarjakatA ane saMzodhana mATenA khaMtane kAraNe eDisana vizvaprasiddha banyA, paraMtu A zodhaka ghaNI maMda zravaNazakti dharAvatA hatA. eDisananI baherAzathI vAkepha evA eka sajjane emane jarA moTethI kahyuM, "tame bhagavAnane haMmezAM phariyAda karatA hazo ke eNe tamane saghaLuM ApyuM, paNa zravaNazakti ApI nahIM." A vAta sAMbhaLIne eDisana khaDakhaDATa hasI paDyA ane jIvananuM javAhira Xin no -

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bolyA, "are mitra, huM bhagavAnane phariyAda karato nathI, balka dhanyavAda ApuM chuM ke eNe mane zravaNazaktithI vaMcita rAkhyo." pelA sajjanane Azcarya thayuM. eNe pUchyuM, "zravaNazaktinA abhAve tamane pArAvAra muzkelI paDatI haze. grAmophonanA zodhaka cho, paNa enA para Aje amerikAmAM ghera ghera vagADAtuM saMgIta tame sAMbhaLI zakatA nathI. A te kevI kamanasIbI ?" - eDisane kahyuM, "zravaNazaktinA abhAve duniyAnI vAto ochI sAMbhaLavA maLe che. jo tame duniyAnI ja vAta sAMbhaLyA kara, to veravikhera thaIne vyarthatAmAM sarI paDazo. jo bhItaranI vAta sAMbhaLo to samRddha thavAya. mArA bhItaranI vAta sAMbhaLIne ja huM AvA sthAne ane ATalI siddhi meLavI zakyo chuM ane tethI ja Izvara pratye mArI baherAza aMge kazI phariyAda nathI." amerikAnA soLamA pramukha abrAhama liMkana para covIsa varSanI paraSArthamAM yuvAna vaye moTI Aphata AvI. nyU sAlema zaheramAM viliyama berI sAthe prabaLa zraddhA bhAgIdArImAM dukAna karI, paraMtu berI dArUDiyo nIkaLyo ane mRtyu pAmyo. tethI dukAnanA agiyAraso DaoNlaranuM devuM bharapAI karavAnuM liMkanane mAthe AvyuM. likana sa khelI zake ema nahoto. sakhata parizrama sivAya bIjo koI vikalpa nahoto tethI A devuM bharatAM liMkanane pUrAM paMdara varSa lAgyAM. ene zaheranA posTa mAstaranI jagA maLI, paraMtu enI AvakathI to mAMDa rahevA-jamavAno kharca nIkaLe tevuM hatuM. snehALa mitro dharAvatA liMkananA eka mitra jaoNna kaoNlhone liMkanane muzkelImAMthI ugAravA mATe mojaNIdAranuM kAma soMpyuM. e samaye jamInanA ghaNA sodA thatA hovAthI jaoNna kaoNlhonane mojaNIdAranI jarUra hatI ane ene mATe liMkana jevo pramANika mitra bIjo koNa maLe ? abrAhama liMkane mojaNIdAranuM kAma to svIkAryuM, paNa sAthe moTI muzkelI e UbhI thaI ke mojaNInA jIvananuM javAhira janma 1 bukhArI, 1843, milAna, momAyo, amerikA avasAna : 18 oNkTobara, 1931, vesTa renja, nyUjarsI, amerikA 80 jIvananuM javAhira 81

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kAmanI liMkanane kazI khabara nahotI. teo zALAmAM zikSaNakArya karatA mitra menTara grehAma pAse pahoMcI gayA. grehAma Ano jANakAra hato eTale liMkana enI pAse mojaNInuM zAstra zIkhavA lAgI gayA. tApaNA pAse besIne enA ajavALe aDadhI rAta sudhI liMkana grehAma pAse besIne mojaNI aMgenA dAkhalA gaNavAmAM ke AkRtio doravAmAM tallIna rahetA, kyAreka to cheka vahelI savAra sudhI mojaNInA zAstrano abhyAsa karatA. A rIte puruSArthI liMkane kAramI garIbAIthI sahejeya calita thayA vinA potAno puruSArtha cAlu rAkhyo. AvI judI judI nokarIomAM emane saphaLatA maLatI nahIM, paraMtu puruSArthamAM prabaLa zraddhA hovAne pariNAme muzkelIone khaMkherIne AgaLa vadhatA rahyA ane aMte amerikAnA sauthI mahAna pramukha banyA. meksima gaoNkanuM jIvana yAtanA ane viTaMbaNAothI bhareluM hatuM. atyaMta sAhityano du:khada sthitimAM enuM vidyArthIjIvana pasAra thayuM. enA dArUDiyA pitA enI AnaMdarasa. mAtAne nirdaya banIne mArajhUDa karatA hatA. A trAsa jovo asahya banatAM gaoNka vacce paDato to enA pitA ene paNa jhUDI kADhatA ane enI mAtA para vadhu trAsa vartAvatA. enA pitA sAva thoDuM kamAtA ane enAthI vadhu rakamano dArU DhIMcatA hatA. meksima gaoNrkanA dArUDiyA pitAne dArU pIvA mATe paisAnI jarUra paDatI, AthI emaNe putrane pharamAna karyuM, 'have nizALe javAnuM rahevA de. A umare to tAre kamAvuM joIe. tArA mATe meM nokarI zodhI rAkhI che. AvatI kAlathI jUnAM pustako ane pastI vecatI dukAnamAM tAre nokarIe javAnuM che.' nizALa choDIne jUnAM pustako ane pastInI dukAnamAM meksima gaoNrTI kAma karavA lAgyo. dukAnamAM deza-videzanA vikhyAta sarjakonAM pustako AvatAM. meksima gaoNrkI navalakathA, navalikA ane phikzanane vAMcavA lAgyo. sAhityanA AnaMdarasamAM DUbI gayo. potAnA navarAzanA samayamAM eNe svayaM TUMkI vArtA lakhI. janma : 12 phebruArI 189, horjanavile, kendrakI rAjaya, amerikA avasAna H 1pa eprila 1895, vAMziMgTana . sI., amerikSa 82 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 83

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mitroe protsAhita karatAM vArtAsaMgraha pragaTa karyo. gorkInI kalamane e samayanA vidvAnonI prazaMsA maLI. utkRSTa navalikAlekhaka tarIke gaoNrTIne nAmanA maLI ane eNe atyaMta praziSTa gaNAtI 'dha madhara' nAmanI kRti lakhI. A utkRSTa navalakathAe ene vizvavyApI khyAti apAvI. pastInI dukAnano nokara ciraMjIva navalakathAono ane utkRSTa navalikAono sarjaka banI gayo. AphrikAnAM gADha jaMgalomAM prophesara | maulinovaskI pravAsa karI rahyA hatA. yuddhakhora to e samaye 'aMdhAriyA khaMDa' tarIke oLakhAtA AphrikA khaMDanA khUNekhUNAmAM sAva badatara pahoMcavAno emano irAdo hato. gADha jaMgalomAM hiMsaka prANIono bhaya hato. jIvaleNa roga thAya evA maccharono Dara hato. eka eka pagaluM sAhasabharyuM hatuM. koI paNa kSaNe jIvana para bhaya hato. A jaMgalamAM mAnavabhakSI loko rahetA hatA ane emAMno eka mAnavabhakSI prophesara maulinovaskIne maLyo. A mAnavabhakSIe ghaNI vAto AsapAsanA samAjamAMthI sAMbhaLI hatI. eNe prophesara maulinovaskIne emanA dubhASiyAnI sahAyathI pUchayuM, "thoDA samaya pUrve vizvayuddha thayuM. A yuddha mAM ghaNA mANasone mArI nAkhavAmAM AvyA che tema meM sAMbhaLyuM janma : 28 mArca, 1838, nijhanI nokagoroDa gAma, raziyA; avasAna : 18 jUna, 1936, mosko, raziyA maulinovaskIe kahyuM, "tArI vAta sAcI che. A vizvayuddhamAM ghaNo moTo mAnavasaMhAra thayo che." pelA mAnavabhakSIe vaLato prazna karyo, "ATalA badhAne mArI nAkhyA, to pachI e badhAne kaI rIte khAI gayA hazo ?" jIvananuM javAhira 84 jIvananuM javAhira - 85

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prophesara maulinovaskIe kahyuM, "are bhAI ! emane kaMI khAvA mATe mArI nAkhyA nahotA." prophesarano A uttara sAMbhaLatAM ja mAnavabhakSI atyaMta dhRNAthI bolI UThyo, badhA mAnavabhakSIne badatara kahe che, paraMtu A yuddhakhora to enAthIya badatara che ke je o vinA kAraNe mAnavIone mArI nAMkhe raziyAe AkhI duniyAne stabdha karavA mATe avakAzamAM mAnava mokalavAnuM mArI priya vicAryuM. A mahAna vaijJAnika prayogane atyaMta gupta rAkhavAmAM Avyo, kAraNa pRthvI ke raziyA samagra vizvane Azcaryacakita karIne vijJAnanA kSetre amerikAne parAsta karavA cAhatuM hatuM. yurI gAgArinane raziyAe avakAzamAM mokalyo. enA manamAM raziyana hovAnuM gaurava ane vizvanI mahAsattA tarIke raziyAnI bolabAlA karavAnA svapno hatAM. gAgArine avakAzamAMthI A pRthvIne nirakhI ane e dRzya jotAM stabdha banI gayo. e pRthvImAM ene raziyA dekhAyuM nahIM, amerikA najare caDyuM nahIM, khaMDomAM vaheMcAyelI pRthvI dekhAI nahIM, paraMtu samagra pRthvI camakatI dekhAI. jema dharatI parathI caMdra camakato dekhAya che e rIte caMdranI nikaTa avakAzayAnamAM rahelA gAgArinane A pRthvI camakatI lAgI ane e bolI UThyo, "oha ! mArI priya pRthvI !" saphaLa avakAzayAtrA bAda gAgArina raziyAmAM pAchA janma : 3 eprila, 1884, kroko, polaeNnDa avasAna : 16 me, 1942, nyU hevana, kanekTikaTa, amerikA 86 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 87

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pharyA tyAre patrakAroe pUchyuM, "avakAzamAMthI pRthvIne joI tyAre tamArA mukhamAMthI kayA udgAro sarI paDyA ?" gAgArine kahyuM, "mane kSamA karajo. paNa avakAzamAMthI camakatI pRthvIne jotAM eTalo badho romAMca thayo ke huM raziyana chuM e paNa bhUlI gayo. mAtra pRthvInuM sauMdarya joI rahyo. rASTra ke khaMDanA koI sImADA mane dekhAyA nahIM." 88 janma avasAna : 9 mArca, 1934, kluzino, raziyA : 27 mArca, 1968, novosmolovo, raziyA jIvananuM javAhira mahAna sarjana DaoN. hArve kuziMga niSThAvAna ane cIvaTavALA DaoNkTara tarIke kartavyaniSThA sarjananI prasiddha hatA. teo dardInuM oNparezana karatI vakhate pUratI takedArI rAkhatA hatA. eka nAnakaDI bhUla athavA thoDI ALasa dardIne mATe jAnanuM jokhama banI jAya che, te sArI peThe jANatA hatA. AthI nAnAmAM nAnI bAbatanI cIvaTa rAkhatA. potAnAM sAdhano barAbara tapAsatA. sAthIone paNa saheje gaphalata na thAya, te mATe tAkIda karatA. eka vAra DaoN. hArve kuziMga emanA oNparezana-thiyeTaramAM gharezana karI rahyA hatA. emanI sAthe emanA madadanIza DaoNkTaro ane narso hatAM. evAmAM pezana-thiyeTaramAM eka juvAna DaoNkTara AvyA ane emaNe DaoN. hArve kuziMganA kAnamAM kahyuM, "sAheba, eka atyaMta mAThA samacAra che." DaoN. hArve kuziMge potAnuM kAma cAlu rAkhyuM. samAcAra laIne AvanAra DaoNkTara bAjumAM UbhA rahyA. vIseka miniTa jIvananuM javAhira 89

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pasAra thayA bAda DaoN. hArve kuziMge UMce joyuM ane pelA juvAna DaoNkTare doDIne sarjanane kAnamAM kahyuM, "tamAro sauthI moTo putra kAra akasmAtamAM mRtyu pAmyo che.' DaoN. hArve kuziMge emanI AMkho paLavAra jorathI mIMcI dIdhI ane pharIthI oNparezana pUruM karavA lAgI gayA. teo oNparezana pUruM karI thiyeTaramAMthI bahAra AvyA tyAre samAcAra lAvanAra juniyara DaoNkTaranI sAthe bIjA mitro paNa hArve kuziMganI rAha jotA hatA. teo hArve kuziMgane laIne emanA ghara tarapha moTara haMkArI gayA. 90 janma : 8 eprila, 1869, klivalaeNnDa, ohAyo, amerikA avasAna : kTobara, 1939, nyU hevana, kanekTIkaTa, amerikA jIvananuM javAhira amerikAnA philADelphiyA rAjyamAM phrenkalina akhabAra calAvato hato. TIkA ane phrenkalina nirbhayatA ane svataMtratAthI niMdA potAnA vicAro akhabAramAM vyakta karato hato. e samaye phrenkalinanI Arthika sthiti atyaMta nabaLI hatI. daramiyAnamAM dhanika vyakti phrenkalinane maLavA AvI. emaNe kahyuM, I phrenkalina, mArA ane tamArA vicAromAM sAmya che. tame kSanA siddhAMtomAM zraddhA dharAvo cho e ja pakSamAM mArI zraddhA che mATe mAruM A lakhANa tame tamArA akhabAramAM pragaTa karo. tema karazo to huM tamArI Arthika mUMjhavaNa paNa dUra karIza." phrenkaline kahyuM, "Apano A lekha huM vAMcI jaIza. kAle savAre e aMge vAtacIta karIza." bIje divase savAre e dhanavAna mAnavI phrenkalina pAse Avyo ane phrenkalinane pUchyuM, "tamane mAruM lakhANa pasaMda paDyuM ? te akhabAramAM chApazo ne ?" phrenkaline namratAthI kahyuM, "mApha karajo. huM te chApI zakuM tema nathI." pelA dhanavAne Azcaryasahita prazna karyo, "tame kevA cho ? jIvananuM javAhira 91

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eka bAjuthI tame e pakSanI nItiono virodha karo cho ane bIjI bAju enI sakhata niMdA karato lekha chApavAnI nA pADo cho. vaLI e mATe huM tamane moM mAMgI 2kama ApavA paNa taiyAra chuM." phrenkaline kahyuM, "tamArI vAta sAva sAcI che, paNa mAre e rIte niMdA karIne kazI kamANI karavI nathI. patrakAra tarIke huM TIkA karavAmAM mAnuM chuM, niMdAmAM nahIM." "paNa tamArI A kaMgALa hAlatano to kaMI vicAra karo !" phrenkalina bolyA, "paisAnA lobhamAM lokone vadhAre tiraskAramAM utArIne mArA akhabArane nItibhraSTa thavA daIza nahIM. vaLI paisA vinA paNa nirAMte jivAya che. gaI kAle sAMje be penIno pAMu khAdho ane pachI zetaraMjI para ghasaghasATa UMghI gayo. Aje savAre e ja rIte be penIno pAMu khAdho ane kAma para Avyo. mATe paisAnA lobhane kAraNe ujAgarA karavA karatAM AvA khorAka pachI kAma karavAnuM ke UMghavAnuM mane vadhu phAve che." 92 janma : 17 jAnyuArI, 1306, bosTana, meroseTsa, amerikA - 17 eprila, 1790, philADelphiyA, pensilaveniyA, amerikA avasAna jIvananuM javAhira AMgaLInI bhASA amerikAnA maeNnahaTana ane brUkalina vacce AvelI nadI para pula bAMdhavo ati muzkela hato. paraMtu ijanerI vidyAmAM azakya gaNAtA A pulane bAMdhavAnuM bIDuM jhaoNna robliga ane enA jevA ja ijanera banelA putra vaoNziMgTana roblige jhaDapyuM. A nadI para pula bAMdhI zakAya ema nathI evA sahunA tAraNano svIkAra karavA jhaoNna taiyAra nahoto. A praoNjekTamAM Arthika sahAya ApavA mATe baMnee beMkone mAMDa mAMDa samajAvI ane aMte TIkAonI jhaDI vacce pula bAMdhavAnuM kAma zarU thayuM. pulanuM bAMdhakAma zarU thayAne mAMDa ekAda mahino thayo haze ke A sthaLe gaMbhIra akasmAta thayo. pulano sleba tUTI paDatAM svapnadraSTA jhaoNna robliga mRtyu pAmyo. jhaoNnanA putra vaoNziMgTanane paNa magaja para gaMbhIra IjA thatAM e cAlavAnI ane bolavAnI zakti gumAvI beTho. A praoNjekTanuM akALe maraNa thaze, tevuM sahune lAgyuM, kAraNa ke A pitA-putra sivAya koIne kaI rIte A pula bAMdhavo enI kalAnI jANa nahotI. jIvananuM javAhira 93

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mUka ane apaMga vaoNziMgTana have zuM karI zakaze ? haoNspiTalanI pathArImAM paDelA vaoNziMgTanane ekAeka khyAla Avyo. eNe AMgaLInI bhASA zodhI kADhI. enA dvArA e pula kema bAMdhavo enI sUcanA ApavA lAgyo. enI AMgaLInI ceSTAnI e bhASA enI patnI barAbara samajatI thaI ane pula bAMdhatA ijanerone sUcanA ApatI gaI. tera-tera varSa sudhI vaoNziMgTane potAnI eka AMgaLIthI sUcanAo ApI. pariNAme baeNkalina brija taiyAra thayo. A brija Aje ijanerI vidyAnuM eka Azcarya gaNAya che ! ruDyArDa kipliganuM bALapaNanuM nAma josepha ruDyArDa hatuM. emanA pitA oNna asvIkArano laoNkevuDa kipliga myujhiyamanA DirekTara hatA ane bhAratIya kalA-kArIgarInA ITa niSNAta tarIke khyAtanAma hatA. AnaMda | ruDyArDa kipliga cha varSanA thayA tyAre aMgrejonI mAphaka bhAratamAM rahetAM emanAM mAtA-pitAe emane bhaNavA mATe iMglenDa mokalyA. iMglenDamAM saMvedanahIna kuTuMba vacce emano uchera thayo. emanI AMkho nabaLI hovAthI moTA jADAM cazmAM paheratA ane tene kAraNe bALako sAthenI koI ramatamAM e bhAga laI zakatA nahi. emanA 'bA bA blekazIpamAM emanA bALapaNanA durbhAgyanI chAyA joI zakAya che. e pachI soLa varSanI vaye kipliga bhArata pAchA AvyA ane simalAmAM rahIne sAhityasarjana karavA lAgyA. 1889mAM emanA vinodayukta kAvyasaMgraha sahunuM dhyAna kheMcyuM. 1889mAM ruDyArDa kiplige amerikAnA 'sAna phrAnsisko ekjhAminara'mAM potAnI eka kRti mokalI ane ene asvIkAranA janma : 2 me, 1837, seksonabarga, pensilaveniyA, amerikA avasAna : 21 julAI, 1926, TrenaTona, nyUjarsa, amerikA 94 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 95

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patra sAthe saMpAdake lakhyuM, 'zrImAna kipliMga, huM khUba dilagIra chuM, paNa tamane aMgrejI bhASA kaI rIte prayojI zakAya eno saheje khyAla nathI.' AvI asvIkRtiothI saheje mUMjhAyA vinA kipliMge lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM ane e ja varSe oNkTobaramAM e laMDana pahoMcyA, tyAM e besTa selara lakhanAra khyAtanAma lekhaka banI gayA. 1890nuM varSa to emane sarjaka tarIke sauthI vadhu khyAti ApanAruM varSa banyuM. TUMkI vArtA, kavitA ane phikzananA lekhaka tarIke ruDyArDa kipliMge avismaraNIya sthAna meLavyuM. Jie 96 janma avasAna - 30 Disembara, 1865, muMbaI, bhArata : 18 jAnyuArI, 1936, laMDana jIvananuM javAhira iMglaeNnDanA samartha rAjapuruSa sara vinsTana carcila sAhityakAra, citrakAra ahaMkArane ane kuzaLa vaktA paNa hatA. bIjA sa vizvayuddha daramiyAna vinsTana carcilanAM bhASaNoe iMglaeNnDanA rASTrIya svAbhimAna ane khamIranuM khUbIpUrvaka jatana karyuM. zrotAonI nADa pArakhanArA vinsTana carcila evA vaktA hatA ke emanA vaktRtvanI noMdha vakhate teo noMdhAvatA ke 'ahIM zrotAjano harSadhvani karaze' ane barAbara e ja sthaLe zrotAo prasanna thaIne harSadhvani karatA hatA. eka vAra vinsTana carcila iMglaeNnDanA hAusa oNpha komansamAM vaktavya ApavA jatA hatA. TaeNksImAMthI UtarIne emaNe TaeNksIcAlakane kahyuM, 'bhAI, huM ahIM ekAda kalAka rokAIza. tuM ahIM Ubho raheje.' TaeNksIcAlake kahyuM, 'mApha karajo sAheba, mAre mATe e zakya nathI'. vinsTana carcile kahyuM, 'paNa tane huM veiTiMga cArja ApIza. pachI zuM ?' jIvananuM javAhira 97

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TaeNksIcAlake kahyuM, 'sAheba, kSamA karajo. huM ahIM thobhI zakuM tema nathI. mAre ghera javuM che ane reDiyo para prasArita thanAruM vaDApradhAna carcilanuM bhASaNa sAMbhaLavuM che." A sAMbhaLI vinsTana carcilanA manamAM garva thayo. emane thayuM ke eka sAmAnya TeksIcAlaka paNa keTalI badhI AturatAthI emanA bhASaNanI rAha jue che. AthI emaNe prasanna thaIne TaeNksIcAlakane sArI evI 'TIpa' ApI. ATalI badhI moTI rakamanI 'TIpa' maLatAM TaeNksIcAlake kahyuM, sAheba, pharI vicAra karatAM mane ema lAge che ke mAre ApanI rAha jovI joIe. carcilanA bhASaNanI aisI taisI." TaeNksIcAlakano uttara sAMbhaLatA ja carcilano ahaMkAra ogaLI gayo. mahAna vijJAnI lUI pAzcara (I. sa. 1822thI 1895) pAse vijJAnanI peTanTanI prAyogika nipuNatA ane virala AMtarasUjha hovAthI emaNe aneka utAvaLa. mahattvapUrNa saMzodhano karyA. emanAM saMzodhano udyogakSetre to lAbhadAyI banyAM, paNa ethIya vizeSa emaNe karelA saMzodhanothI manuSyajAtinuM ghaNuM kalyANa thayuM. emaNe rogapratikAraka rasI (vaMksina) zodhI ane sAthosAtha khAdyapadArthone jaMtumukta banAvavAnuM saMzodhana karyuM. emanAM saMzodhanone kAraNe mAnavamRtyudara ocho thayo ane prANIone thatA rogono pratikAra zakya banyo. maravAnAM baccAMne thatA cikana kaoNlerA ane Dhorane thatA enTeksa roganA nivAraNa mATe lUI pAzcare rasI taiyAra karI. mAnavI ane prANIne thatA haDakavA para saMzodhana karyuM ane haDakavA sAmenI rasInI zodhe emane vizvavikhyAta banAvyA. lUI pAzcaranI khAdya padArthone jaMtunAzaka karavAnI rIta pAzcarIkaraNa' tarIke jANItI thaI. jevuM A saMzodhana thayuM ke tarata ja A mAnavatAvAdI vijJAnI enI 'peTanTa" karAvavA mATe doDI gayA. emanA nAme A zodhanI 'peTanTa' thaI ke tarata ja jIvananuM javAhira janma : 30 navembara, 1834, blenaheima pelesa, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 24 jAnyuArI, 196pa, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa, 98 jIvananuM javAhira 99

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emaNe potAnI samagra saMzodhana paddhati jAhera karI dIdhI ane kahyuM ke koI paNa vyakti mArA A saMzodhanano niHsaMkoca upayoga karI zakaze. A ghaTanAthI sahune pArAvAra Azcarya thayuM. saMzodhana thatAM ja tarata potAnI zodhane 'peTanTa' karavAnI utAvaLa karI ane pachI tatkALa e zodha sahune mATe labhya banAvI. AvuM kema ? lUI pAzcaranA mitroe Azcaryacakita thaIne emane pUchyuM ke, jo tame tamArI zodhano sahu koI upayoga kare tema icchatA hatA, to pachI tene 'peTanTa' karAvavAnI ATalI utAvaLa kema karI ?" lUI pAzcare hasatAM-hasatAM kahyuM, "meM khAdya padArthone jaMtunAzaka karavAnI rItanI 'peTanTa" eTalA mATe tatkALa laI lIdhI ke anya koI vyakti mArI A zodhamAMthI kamANI karavA mATe potAnA nAme AnI 'peTanTa" karAvI le nahIM." jarmanInA vikhyAta tattvaciMtaka Arthara zopanaheranI jiMdagImAM ajaMpAnA huM koNa aneka divaso AvyA. chuM? mAtApitAnA vikhavAdI saMbaMdhoe bALaka zopanahoranA citta para gherI asara karI. phrAMsa ane iMglenDamAM bhaNavA mATe bhaTakavuM paDyuM. meDikalanA abhyAsa mATe eNe jarmanInI yunivarsiTImAM praveza meLavyo, paraMtu meDikalane badale tattvajJAnano viSaya laI ucca abhyAsa karyo. navalakathA kSetre noMdhapAtra sarjana karanAra enI mAtAne A vicAraka putra sAthe saheje banatuM nahotuM. varSonI jahemata pachI 'dha varlDa eNjha vIla eNnDa riprejhanTezana' nAmano mUlyavAna graMtha taiyAra karyo, paraMtu zaoNpanahorane saheje khyAti maLI nahIM. rAtre ene UMgha AvatI nahIM. traNa-cAra pathArI karAve ane AkhI rAta ene paDakhAM ghasavAM paDe. pathArImAM UMgha na AvatAM e ArAmakhurazIo rAkhato. emAM UMghavAno prayatna karato, paraMtu emAMya niSphaLatA maLI. janma : 23 Disembara, 1822, Dole, phrAnsa avasAna : 28 sapTembara, 1895, mArsena-lA- kokviTI, phrAnsa 10) jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 101

Page #53
eka rAtre anidrAthI kaMTALyo. Akhare jAhera bagIcAmAM gayo ane eka vRkSa nIce Ubho rahIne kazuMka babaDavA lAgyo. A samaye aDadhI rAtre koIe zaoNpanahorane bocIthI pakaDyo ane pUchyuM, "tuM koNa che ?" A rIte pakaDanAra bagIcAno mALI hato. eNe pharI vAra zopanahoranI garadana halAvIne kahyuM, "sAcesAcuM bola, tuM che koNa ?" zaoNpanahore kahyuM, "mitra, meM A prazna mArI jAtane vakhatovakhata pUchavo che, paNa Aja sudhI mane eno uttara sAMpaDyo nathI. te paNa Avo prazna pUchIne mane vicArato karI mUkyo che. hakIkatamAM huM koNa chuM ? enI khuda mane ja khabara nathI." manovizleSaNAtmaka vicAradhArAnA praNetA tarIke vizvamAM khyAti pAmelA bALakanuM manovijJAnI sigmanDa phraoNiDe ghaNAM pustako, lekho ane saMzodhana-ahevAlo lakhyAM. manA mAnasika rIte viSubdha dardIonI sAravAra, svapna-vizleSaNa ane manovizleSaNa vize maulika vicAradhArA dharAvatuM sAhitya racyuM. emanuM pAyAnuM ane mahattvanuM pradAna emano acetana manano siddhAMta gaNAya. A sigmanDa phraoNiDe eka vAra emanAM patnI ane putra sAthe pharavA nIkaLyA hatA. bagIcAmAM lAMbo samaya pharyA bAda ekAeka emanAM patnIe pAchAM vaLIne joyuM to khyAla Avyo ke emano putra kyAMya dekhAto na hato. emaNe kraoNiDane kahyuM, "are ! juo ! ApaNo dIkaro kyAM? e khovAI gayo lAge che ! cAlo, badhe tapAsa karIe." phraoNiDe zAMtithI patnIne pUchyuM, "teM ene koI jagAe javAnI manAI karI hatI kharI ?" patnIe javAba vALyo, "hA, e taLAva tarapha javA icchato hato ane meM ene spaSTapaNe ane sakhtAIthI tyAM javAnI manAI janma : 22 phebruArI, 1388, jhira, polaeNnDa, avasAna : 21 sapTembara, 1860, renkapharTa, jarmanI 102 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 103

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pharamAvI hatI." A sAMbhaLIne phraoNiDe kahyuM, "to to e tyAM ja maLaze. cAlo." baMne taLAva pAse gayAM ane joyuM to taLAvanI pAse emano putra Ubho hato. phraoNiDanI patnIe apAra vismaya sAthe phraoNiDane pUchyuM ke "tamane kaI rIte pahelethI ja khabara paDI gaI ke ApaNo putra taLAvanI pAse ja maLaze ?" sigmanDa phraoNiDe kahyuM ke "A to manovijJAnano niyama che ke bALakane tame je kAma sakhtAIthI karavAnI nA pADazo, e kAma bALaka jarUrathI karaze." samI sAMjanI laTAra mArIne DaoN. smoleTa ghara tarapha pAchA pharI rahyA hatA. ImAnadArI prasiddha , siddha hasta ane vyApaka | lokacAhanA pAmelA A DaoNkTare eka kAje dardIne mulAkAta mATeno samaya Apyo hato, tethI jarA utAvaLamAM hatA. evAmAM pAchaLathI eka avAja saMbhaLAyo, kaMI madada karo ne, sAheba. bhUkhyo chuM. gharaDo chuM. kaMIka Apo ne, sAheba." avAja sAMbhaLIne DaoN. smoleTanA paga thaMbhI gayA. pAchaLa joyuM to eka ati vRddha mANasa be hAtha phelAvIne yAcanA karato hato. dhIre dhIre lAkaDInA Teke e vRddha garIba mAnavI DaoN. smoleTa tarapha Avato hato. utAvaLa hovAne kAraNe DaoNkTara paNa pAchA vaLIne enI pAse gayA. enI najIka jaIne DaoNkTare khissAmAM hAtha nAMkhyo. khissAmAMthI hAthamAM Avelo sikko enA hAthamAM Apyo ane tarata utAvaLe cAlavA lAgyA. evAmAM pharI vRddha garIbano avAja saMbhaLAyo, "are janma : 6 me, 18pa6, dhrabarga, moreviyA avasAna : 23 sapTembara, 1939, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa 104 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 105

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sAheba ! eka miniTa thobhajo." DaoNkTara pAchA vaLyA. enI pAse AvIne pUchyuM, "zuM che bhAI?" garIba vRddhe kahyuM, "sAheba, Ape bhUlathI nAnI 2kamanA sikkAne badale sonAnI eka gInI ApI dIdhI che. A pAchI laIne mane nAnI 2kamano sikko Apo." DaoNkTare sonAnI gInI pAchI levAno inkAra karyo ane ethIya vadhu, khissAmAMthI bIjI gInI kADhIne garIba vRddhane ApatAM kahyuM, "pahelI dAna rUpe hatI ane A tamArI ImAnadArI mATe." 106 janma - 19 mArca, 1721, nyu porTa oNpha reTona, skaoNTalaeNnDa avasAna - 17 sapTembara, 1771, sivorno, iTAlI jIvananuM javAhira iTAlInA kavi ane saMzodhaka peTrArkane vAMcanano jabaro zokha hato. vAcanarasa e enI kAvyaracanAoe vizvasAhitya para jIvanasa prabhAva pADyo. vaLI saMzodhaka evo ke rAjakartAo ane nAmadAra popa paNa enI madada mAge. peTrArkane bhojana vinA cAle, paNa vAMcana vinA na cAle. kyAreka to vAcanamAM evo tallIna banI jato ke jamavAnuM bhUlI jato. UMghavAnuM vIsarAI jatuM. enA parama mitrane enI A sthiti joIne ciMtA thavA lAgI ke AvI rIte vAMcyA karaze to enuM zarIra bagaDaze. chevaTe eNe eka yukti vicArI ke peTrArkanA pustakAlayanI cAvI ja corI lauM eTale 'na rahegA bAMsa, na bajegI bAMsurI.' mitra to cAvI laIne ghera jato rahyo. eNe to mAnyuM ke pustako nahIM maLe eTale peTrArka bIjI pravRttimAM parovAI jaze ane vAcananA vyasanathI mukti meLavaze. peTrArka pustakAlayanA tALAnI cAvI zodhI, paNa kyAMya na maLI. Akho divasa becenImAM pasAra thayo. jamavAnuM bhAvyuM jIvananuM javAhira 107

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nahIM. Ama ne Ama gamagInImAM bIjo divasa pasAra thayo. UMgha paNa veraNa banI gaI. trIje divase mAthAmAM duHkhAvo thayo, zarIramAM becenI vadhI, sakhata tAva Avyo. pelo mitra peTrArkane maLavA Avyo, to enI hAlata joIne stabdha thaI gayo, peTrArka pathArImAM vedanAthI taraphaDato hato. mitrane to khyAla ja nahoto ke pustaka vinA enI AvI paristhiti thaze ! mitrae khissAmAMthI kADhIne cAvI ApI. peTrArka pathArImAMthI ekAeka beTho thaI gayo. tAva gAyaba thaI gayo. tALuM kholI pustakAlayamAM jaIne pustaka laIve vAMcavA besI gayo. vizvavikhyAta grIka tattvaciMtaka pleToe grIsanA sAirekyUjha nagaranA satyanI zodha rAjakAraNamAM bhAga lIdho. A vicAra ke grIsanA saramukhatyAra zAsaka kSaNekSaNe DAyonisasanA vicAro badalavAno prayAsa karyo. pleTono khyAla evo hato ke DAyonisasa emanA vicAro samajIne lokakalyANakArI zAsana calAve, to rAjanI sukhAkArI vadhaze. paNa pleTonI suzAsananI vAta saramukhatyArane game kyAMthI? enA manamAM to bhaya jAgyo ke jo A vicAraka jIvato raheze, to enA zAsana para jokhama AvI jaze. loko enA vicAramAM mAnatA thaI jaze ane mArI sAme baLavo karaze. AmAMthI UgaravA mATe eNe pleTone motanI sajA pharamAvI, paraMtu DAyonisasanA maMtrIe rAjAne samajAvyuM ke Ane phAMsI ApIzuM to prajA uzkerAze ane mAthe navuM jokhama UbhuM thaze. AthI TADhe pANIe khasa kADhavA mATe pleTone eka dhanADhyane tyAM gulAma tarIke vecI dIdho. A dhanADhyae pleTone eNthensa javA dIdho. pleTonA janma : 20 julAI, 1304, erijho, iMTAlI avasAna : 19 julAI, 1374, ArkavA, pekA, iTAlI 108 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 109

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vicAroe grIsamAM navI vicAradhArA pragaTAvI. saramukhatyAra rAjA DAyonisase pleTone mAphIpatra pAThavatAM lakhyuM ke "meM Apane khUba parezAna karyA che, to mane mArI bhUla badala kSamA karajo. mArAthI duSkRtya thaI gayuM che." vicAra ke pleToe javAba pAThavyo, "tamArAM kRtya-duSkRtyano vicAra karavAno mArI pAse samaya ja nathI, mATe tamArA manamAMthI duSkRtyano vicAra ke vasavaso kADhI nAkhajo. huM to satyanI khojamAM eTalo DUbI gayelo chuM ke samagra saMsAranAM kRtyone paNa vIsarI jAuM chuM, to pachI tame karelAM duSkRtya vize vicAravAnI to vAta ja kyAMthI hoya ?" mota jyAre normana kajhinsanI sAme AvIne UbhuM tyAre ene vitAvelA jIvana vedanAmuktino mATe pArAvAra pazcAttApa thavA lAgyo. "TarminalI ila" jAhera thayelA normana upAya kajhinsane mATe DaoNkTaroe to kyAranIya AzA choDI dIdhI hatI. bImArImAMthI UgarI javAnI pAMcasoe ekanI zakyatA gaNAtI hatI. bAkI vAstavamAM to normana kajhinsane kahI devAmAM AvyuM ke AvI hAlatamAM e vadhumAM vadhu cha mahinA jIvI zakaze. AvI paristhitimAM normana kajhinsa gussAmAM vitAvelA ane hatAzAmAM veDaphI dIdhelA potAnA bhUtakALa vize vicAravA lAgyo. vAraMvAra gusso ane krodha karIne potAnI mAMdagIne keTalI badhI bahekAvI mUkI eno tene aMtakALe khyAla Avyo. jIvanabhara veMDhArelo citAno bhAra keTalo vasamo thaI paDyo teno vicAra AvavA lAgyo. normana kajhinsane thayuM ke have mota sAthe hAthaveMtanuM ja cheTuM che tyAre gaI gujarIne yAda karavAno artha zo ? vaLI, enA manamAM eka navo vicAra jAgyo... are ! je ciMtA, hatAzA ane gussAe mArAmAM 'naeNgeTiva' abhigama jagADyo ane enuM pariNAma AvI jIvaleNa bImArImAM janma : I. sa. pUrve 428423, ethensa, grIsa avasAna : I. sa. pUrve 348347, esa, cIsa 110 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 111

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AvyuM, tyAre enAthI taddana viruddha have 'paoNjhiTiva' abhigama dharAvIne mArI sthitimAM parivartana na karI zakuM ? jo 'naeNgeTiva' vicAra AvI gaMbhIra bImArI lAvatA hoya to pojhiTiva vicAro taMdurastI kema na lAvI zake ? eNe joyuM ke 'paoNjhiTiva' vicAronuM eka prabaLa mAdhyama hAsya hatuM. e hAsya pAmavA mATe hAsyakathAo vAMcavA lAgyo ane hAsyaphilmo jovA lAgyo. mitrone tAkIda karI ke emane koI Tucako ke ramUja maLe to tarata ja ene mokalI Ape. A bhayAnaka bImArImAM ene apAra zArIrika vedanA thatI hatI. pariNAme e suI zakato nahIM. eNe vedanAmukti ane nidrAno navo upAya zodhI kADhyo. e dasa miniTa sudhI eTaluM khaDakhaDATa hasato ke kalAko sudhI zarIranI vedanAmAMthI mukti pAmIne nidrAsukha meLavato hato. normana kajhinsa enI bImArImAMthI sAjo thayo, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa bIjAM vIsa varSa sudhI e AnaMdI, taMdurasta ane kAryarata jIvana jIvyo. bhAratano pravAsa kheDanAra prathama cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna (Azare I.sa. aNahaka 337 thI Azare I.sa. 422) bhAratanA pravAse AvyA hatA ane emanA para hakka pravAsanA vRttAMtamAMthI bhAratanI rAjakIya, dhArmika ane sAmAjika paristhitinI vigato maLe che. phAhiyAne potAnA pravAsa-varNanamAM lakhyuM che ke bhAratamAM zAMti ane samRddhi jovA maLI. loko saMtoSI hatA ane emane nyAyakacerImAM javAnI bhAgye ja jarUra paDatI. yAtrA karanArAone corano bhaya na hato ane sarvatra surAjyanI paristhiti pravartatI hatI. loko bahAra jAya, tyAre ghara para tALuM lagADatA nahotAM. Avo cInI pravAsI phAhiyAna ekavAra pharatAM-pharatAM rAja darabAramAM jaI caDyo ane joyuM to be kheDUto vacce thayelA jhaghaDAno nyAya toLavAmAM Avato hato. phAhiyAnane e vAtanI utsukatA jAgI ke AvA saMtoSI ane zAMtipriya loko kaI vAtamAM paraspara sAthe jhaghaDatA haze ? pahelA kheDUte rAjAne phariyAda karI ke A bIjA kheDUtane eNe enuM khetara vecyuM hatuM. e khetaramAMthI mATI maLe, rAkha maLe ke sonuM maLe, e badhAnI mAlikI enI gaNAya. banyuM evuM janma : 24 jUna, 1915, yuniyana siTI, nyUjarsI, amerikA avasAna : 30 navembara, 1990, losa enjalasa, kaeNliphaoNrniyA, amerikA 112 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 113

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ke A vecelA khetaramAMthI sonuM bharelo eka kaLaza nIkaLyo ane te e mane ApavA mAge che, paNa huM ekavAra khetara vecI dIdhA pachI kaI rIte te svIkArI zakuM ? rAjAe bIjA kheDUtane pUchyuM, tame tamArI vAta karo." eNe kahyuM, "annadAtA , enI vAta sAcI che. meM enuM khetara kharIdhuM hatuM, paraMtu bAkInI cIjo para mArI koI hakka gaNAya nahIM. AthI A suvarNathI bharelo kaLazano mAlika e gaNAya.' cInI pravAsI phAhiyAna A jhaghaDAnuM kAraNa jANIne Azcaryacakti thaI gayo. ene thayuM ke loko ahIM suvarNa levA mATe nahIM, paNa ApavA mATe nyAyakacerIe Ave che. baMnemAMthI eka paNa kheDUta A suvarNano kaLaza levA taiyAra nahoto ane rAjA paNa AvI aNahakanI vastu kaI rIte svIkAre ? AthI aMte evuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM ke A suvarNa grAmajanone vaheMcI ApavuM. mahattvAkAMkSI nepoliyana bonApArTa potAnA sAmrAjyano vistAra karavA mATe sainikanI phreMca senA laIne AsapAsanA dezo para AkramaNa karato hato. ciMtA eNe eka pachI eka dezo jItavA mAMDyA. eno A vistAravAda joIne iMglenDe phreMca lazkara para humalo karavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane senApati rAlpha evAlane sainyanI AgevAnI soMpI. senApati rAlpha evAle aMgreja senAne prabaLa preraNA ApI. eNe aMgreja sainikone kahyuM, "A yuddhamAM zastro ke sainyasaMkhyA e mahattvanAM nathI. A yuddhamAM to parAkrama ane deza mATenuM samarpaNa ja mahattvanuM che ane tethI aMgreja senA jarUra vijaya pAmaze." aMgreja senA pUrepUrI tAkAtathI phreMca lazkara para tUTI paDI. bhISaNa saMgrAma khelAyo. aMte aMgreja senAno vijaya thayo. A bhISaNa saMgrAmamAM aMgreja senApati rAlpha evAla gaMbhIra rIte ghAyala thayo. enA zarIra para Thera Thera jakhama thayA hatA. emAMthI lohI vahetuM hatuM. janma : I. sa. 337, sAMsI, cIna avasAna : I. sa. 422, jiMganouM, cIna 114 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 115

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A senApatine suvaDAvavA mATe ekAeka eka sainikano kAmaLo lAvavAmAM Avyo ane enA para rAlpha evAlane suvaDAvavAmAM AvyA. lazkarI adhikArIoe joyuM ke ghAyala senApati mRtyunI sAva sanmukha che. lazkarI adhikArIoe senApati rAlpha evAlane pUchayuM ke, ApanI koI aMtima icchA hoya to kaho." rAlpha evAle potAnI aMtima icchA darzAvatAM kahyuM, "sAthIo, tame mane je kAmaLA para suvADyo che, te kAmaLo je sainikano hoya te sainikane rAta paDatAM pUrve pahoMcADI dezo, jethI e sainika TADhano sAmano karI zake." ATaluM bolIne senApati sara rAlpha evAle AMkho mIMcI dIdhI. jarmanInA bhautika vijJAnI maMksa plAnka hAIskUlamAM abhyAsa karatA hatA navA yugano tyAre emanA zikSakoe emane zIkhavyuM ke bhautika vijJAnamAM have navI zodha thAya prAraMbhika | tevuM koI kSetra bAkI rahyuM nathI. e samaye jarmanImAM sarvatra evI mAnyatA phelAyelI hatI ke bhautika vijJAna enI carama sImA para pahoMcI cUkyuM che. hAIskUlanA zikSako maeNksa plAnkane samajAvatA ke enA jevA tejasvI vidyArthIe vijJAnanI koI navI zAkhAmAM abhyAsa karavo joIe, jemAM vikAsa ane saMzodhananI zakyatA hoya. meksa plAnka makkama rahyo ane bhautika vijJAnano abhyAsa karavA mATe e barlina ane myunika yunivarsiTImAM bhaNyo. mAtra bAvIsa varSanI vaye e DaoNkTareTa thayo ane tyAra bAda adhyApaka thayo. - I. sa. 1890mAM plAnTe eka vijJAna-goSThimAM pahelI ja vAra kvaoNnTama zabdano prayoga karyo. A samaye maeNksa plAnTanI uMmara mAtra 42 varSanI hatI. e pachI pAMca varSa bAda AlbarTa AinsTAina baMnee kvaoNnTama siddhAMtanI janma : 15 ogasTa, 1369, korikA, zUnsa: avasAna H 5 me 1821, koMgajDa, seMTa belinA, iMglaeNnDa 116 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 117

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sthApanA karI. 1914nA DisembaramAM bhautika vijJAnI plAnTe ApelI kvaoNnTamanI thiyarIe e kSetramAM eka navA yugano prAraMbha karyo. klAsikala phijhiksane Adhunika phijhiksamAM rUpAMtara karavAmAM kvaoNnTama thiyarInA zodhaka maeNksa plAnka kAraNabhUta banyA. jo maeNksa plAnke bhautika vijJAnamAM AgaLa dhapavAno prayatna choDI dIdho hota to ene ane bhautika vijJAnanI vidyAzAkhAne ghaNuM nukasAna thayuM hota. plAnkane 1919mAM nobela pAritoSika maLyuM. jagatamAM bahu ochA vijJAnikonI AkRti rASTranA calaNI sikkA para maLe che. 1958mAM jarmanIe plAnkanA citravALo sikko bahAra pADyo. ka ' 'kvIna opha krAima' tarIke jANItAM DiTekTiva navalakathAonAM paiDAMmAM tela aMgreja lekhikA agAthA krisTIe 30mAM varSe pahelI DiTekTiva navalakathA "dha sIMcanAra misTIriyasa aphera' lakhI. emAM emaNe beljiyana DiTekTiva pAtra pyAronuM sarjana karyuM. tyArabAda A pAtrane kendramAM rAkhIne A rahasyalekhikAe eka pachI eka keTalIya rahasyakathAonI racanA karI. emAM paNa 1920-1930no dAyako to emanI rahasyakathAonA suvarNayuga samAna gaNAya che. emanuM pyAro nAmanuM DiTekTiva pAtra khUba khyAti pAmyuM. e uparAMta emaNe pArakara pAina, TomI tathA Tupensa, hArlI kvIna temaja vinamratA ane cabarAkIthI zobhatuM misa jena mArpala jevAM prakhyAta pAtro ApyAM. emanI rahasyakathAo parathI nirmANa pAmelAM calacitro paNa lokapriya nIvaDyAM ane e ja rIte emaNe karelAM nATyarUpAMtaro paikI 'dha mAusa Trepa' laMDananA vesTa enDa khAte 1952mAM prathama janma 3 23 eprila 1858, kIla, jarmanI avasAna : 4 okTobara 1943, goTiMjana, jarmanI 118 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 119

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vAra bhajavAyuM ane te lagAtAra trIsa varSa sudhI cAlyuM. 60 uparAMta DiTekTiva navalakathAo ane 19 TUMkI vArtAnA saMgraho ApanAra A jIvaMta daMtakathA samI lekhikAnI kRtionA jeTalA anuvAda thayA che, teTalA zeksapiyarane bAda karatAM bIjA koI aMgrejI sAhityakAranA thayA nathI. agAthA krisTI pachI rahasyakathAnA lekhakomAM Arthara kenana DaoNyala ane arla sTenlI gArDana jANItA banyA. tyArabAda jemsa heDalI ceijha ane iyAna phlemiMga paNa mazahUra thayA. agAthA krisTInI rahasyakathAnuM AgavApaNuM jaLavAI rahyuM, paraMtu e kathAlekhakomAM agresara na rahyAM. teo kahetAM ke vyaktine mATe haMmezAM zreSTha ke agresara rahevuM zakya nathI. pratyeka vyakti kaMI enjina DrAivara banI zake nahIM, paraMtu te enAM paiDAMmAM tela jarUra sIMcI zake. janma - 15 sapTembara, 1890, Torakyu, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 12 jAnyuArI, 1976, vinTaraNUka, laeNnDa 120 jIvananuM javAhira puruSArthI udyogapati ane dAnavIra eNnDru kArnegImAM nAnI vayathI ja anya lokonI bhAvanAne ane emanI jarUriyAtone samajavAnI asAdhAraNa sUjha hatI. skaoNTalaeNnDamAM janmelA bALaka eNnDru kArnegIe eka sasalI pALI hatI. e sasalIne ghaNAM baccAM thayAM. e badhAMne jALavavAM kaI rIte ? mananA pArakhu eNnDru kArnegIe paDozamAM vasatAM bALakonI pAse sasalInAM baccAMne khavaDAvavA mATe dANA maMgAvyA ane enA badalAmAM eNe e dareka bALakanA nAma parathI sasalInAM baccAMnuM nAma rAkhI dIdhuM. e pachI e bALako potAnAM nAmavALAM e baccAMne jALavavA ane khavaDAvavA lAgyAM. eNnDru kArnegI 13 varSanI vaye amerikA AvyA. abhyAsanI ghaNI ochI taka maLavAne kAraNe sAmAnya keLavaNI laI zakyA ane tAra oNphisamAM mAmUlI nokarI karatA hatA. samaya jatAM teo pensilaveniyA relavemAM pazcima vibhAganA vaDA banyA. emaNe sau prathama slIpara kocanI vyavasthA karI ane audyogikIkaraNane kAraNe emane lAgyuM ke lokhaMDa ane polAdanI mAMga jarUra vadhaze, AthI emaNe A udyogamAM jhaMpalAvyuM. jIvananuM javAhira 121

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teo pensilaveniyA rela roDane potAnuM sTIla vecavA mAgatA hatA, AthI emaNe piTsabargamAM eka navI sTIla mila zarU karI. enuM nAma rAkhyuM che. eDagara thomasana sTIla varksa. A je . eDagara thomasana e pote pensilaveniyA rela roDanA presiDenTa hatA. teo emane maLelA A sanmAnathI eTalA prabhAvita thayA ke emane jeTaluM sTIla kharIdavuM hatuM, te kArnegI pAsethI kharIduM. bIjAnA jIvanamAM zuM mahattvapUrNa che e jANIne kAma karavAnI eNnDru kArnegInI sUjhe emane vizvanA mahAna udyogapati banAvyA. phrAMsanA cArlsa da" gola lazkaramAM joDAyA ane samaya jatAM vikhyAta phrenca mArAmAM senApati patAMnI rejimenTamAM sAmela thayA. vizvAsa rAkha * prathama vizvayuddhamAM jarmano sAme prANanI paravA karyA vinA yuddhamorace laDatA rahyA. traNa traNa vAra yuddhamAM ghAyala thavA chatAM aMdaranuM khamIra akabaMdha rAkhyuM. jarmana sainikoe cArlsa da' golane be varSa ane ATha mahinA sudhI kArAvAsamAM rAkhyA. emAMthI mukta thatAM 1940mAM phrAMsanA lazkaranA janaralanA hoddA para temanI nimaNUka thaI. phrAMsanA sara senApati mArzala khetAM jarmano samakSa zaraNAgati levAno vicAra karatA hatA, tyAre sAhasika cArlsa da" gole iMglenDamAM ja Ine 'phrenca rASTrIya hakUmata'nI sthApanA karI ane jarmanI sAme yuddhano navo moraco mAMDyo. phrAMsanI bahAra rahI cArlsa da' gola adbhuta AtmakhamIrathI jhajhUmyA ane 1944mAM jarmanInA prabhutvamAMthI phrAMsa mukta thatAM cArlsa da' gola vijayollAsa sAthe paeNrisamAM pAchA pharyA. pharI eka vAra phreMca vasAhatomAM baLavo jAgatAM da" gola janma : 25 navembara, 1835, kanpharmalAIna, IMglaeNnDa avasAna : 11 ogasTa, 1919, lenoksa, mesecUseTsa, amerikA 122 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 123

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sakriya rAjakAraNamAM pravezyA ane sarvasattAdhIza banyA. cUMTaNImAM UbhA rahyA ane bhavya vijaya meLavyo. Ama potAnI kArakirdI daramiyAna cArlsa da' gola kyAreya hiMmata hAryA nahotA ane aneka kokaTInI kSaNoe emaNe dezane netRtva pUruM pADyuM hatuM. AnuM kAraNa emanI prabaLa AtmazraddhA hatI. emanI Izvarane prArthanA karavAnI rIta paNa nirALI hatI. teo Izvarane vinaMtI karatA, "he Izvara, tuM mArAmAM vizvAsa rAkha." cArlsa da' gole IzvaranA emanA paranA vizvAsane AtmazraddhAmAM palaTI nAkhyo. briTananA agraNI mutsadI, rUDhicusta pakSanA netA, lekhaka ane kuzaLa mAro vaktA sara vinsenTa carcile (I.sa. | 1874 thI I.sa. 1965) bIjA abhiprAya vizvayuddhanI kaTokaTInA samayamAM briTananuM vaDApradhAnapada grahaNa karyuM. I.sa. 1940 thI 1945 sudhI vaDApradhAnapade rahIne emaNe bIjA vizvayuddhamAM briTana ane mitra rAjyone vijaya apAvavAmAM sihaphALo Apyo. teo vaDApradhAna hatA, te samaye briTananI pArlAmenTamAM koI agatyanA viSaya para carcA cAlI rahI hatI ane vinsenTa carcilanI vicAradhArAnI sAme virodha pakSanA agraNI vaktavya ApatA hatA. emanuM pravacana atyaMta lAMbu, avyavasthita ane kazI nakkara hakIkato vinAnuM hovAthI vinsenTa carcila kaMTALI gayA. vaLI, pravacana ApatAM ghaNo samaya vItI gayo hovA chatAM e virodha pakSanA agraNI aTakatA nahotA. AthI vinsenTa carcila potAnA sthAne besIne jhokAM khAvAM lAgyAM ane dhIredhIre pArlAmenTanI pATalI para mAthuM nAkhIne niMdrAdhIna banI gayo. janma : 22 navembara, 1890, lIlI, phrAMsa avasAna H 9 navembara, 1930, phAMsa 124 jIvananuM javAhira -- jIvananuM javAhira 125

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virodha pakSanA agraNI to AvI takanI rAha joIne ja beThA hatA. emaNe ekAeka vaktavya ApavAnuM thobhAvIne vinsenTa carcila tarapha AMkho mAMDI. AthI pArlAmenTanA tamAma sabhyo vinsenTa carcila tarapha jovA lAgyA ane emane khyAla Avyo ke carcila pArlAmenTanI kAryavAhI daramiyAna UMghI rahyA che. virodhI netAe A paristhitino pUro lAbha letAM kahyuM, vaDApradhAna mi. carcila tame UMgho cho to pachI tame mArA virodhI muddA kaI rIte Apazo ? mArA pravacananA muddAo vize tamAro abhiprAya ApavAno che, e tamane khyAla che ne ?" A sAMbhaLatA ja pArlAmenTanA sabhyo khaDakhaDATa hasavA lAgyA, tyAre vinsenTa carcile AMkho baMdha rAkhIne kahyuM, 'tamArA pravacana vize mAro abhiprAya ? A UMgha e ja abhiprAya.' carcilano A uttara sAMbhaLIne AkhuM sabhAgRha tALIonA gaDagaDATathI gAjI UThyuM. jemsa gArDana baneTe akhabAra zarU karavAno vicAra karyo. ene mATe A dhyeyanI AkarI agniparIkSA hatI, kAraNa ke e akhabAra mATe lekhanakArya karavAnuM, bApAlA enuM saMpAdana karavAnuM ane enuM prakAzana karavAnuM - e saghaLI javAbadArI jemsa gArDana beneTane bajAvavAnI hatI. koI Arthika sadhdharatA nahotI, Ama chatAM daDha saMkalpa sAthe eNe patrakAratvamAM jhukAvyuM. roja sattarathI aDhAra kalAka sudhI e akhabAra mATe kAma karatA hatA. eTalA badhA kAryarata rahetA ke oNphisamAM koI vyakti e akhabAranI prata levA Ave, to ene potAnI kalamathI ja saMketa karatA ane kahetA ke pelA DhagalAmAMthI eka nakala laI lo ane enI nIce enI 2kama mUkI do. potAnA dhyeyamAM masta evA jemsa gArDana beneTa pAse lokone maLavA mATeno samaya nahoto, tyAM ToLaTappAnI to vAta ja zI ? ATalA athAga parizrama pachI zanivAranI rAtre e thoDo ArAma letA. aThavADiyAnI potAnI Avakano hisAba karatA ane tyAre jIvananuM javAhira janma : 30 navembara, 1874, blenaheima pelesa, iMglenDa avasAna : 24 jAnyuArI, 1965, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa 126 jIvananuM javAhira te javAhira 127

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enI pAse aDadho DaoNlara paNa bacato nahIM, jeTalI rakama maLatI e saghaLI vaparAI jatI. AvI paristhiti hovA chatAM jemsa gArDana beneTa potAnA dhyeyamAMthI sahejeya vicalita thayA nahIM. satata cAlIsa varSa sudhI emaNe A akhabAranuM saMpAdanakArya karyuM. dhIre dhIre A akhabAre amerikAmAM ghaNI moTI pratiSThA meLavI. potAnA dhyeyane vaLagI rahenAra aMte siddhi pAme che enuM jemsa gArDana beneTa udAharaNa banyA. jyAre emaNe A akhabAra potAnA putrane soMpyuM, tyAre duniyAnA sauthI mUlyavAna samAcArapatranI saMpatti ane arpaNa karI hatI. aMgrejI sAhityakAra, vivecaka ane citrakAra jona raskina bALapaNamAM AjamAM prakRticitro doravAmAM kuzaLa hatA. bAra varSanI vaye emaNe koNe phiDiMga nAmanA jIvo citrazikSaka pAsethI zikSaNa meLavyuM. 21 varSanI uMmare keTalAya suMdara skeca taiyAra karyA. citrakalAnI sAthosAtha emanuM lekhanakArya paNa cAlatuM hatuM. teoe "maoNDarna peinTarsa' nAmanA cAra khaMDomAM lakhAyelA zreNIbaddha graMtho lakhyA ane pachI yuropamAM jovA maLatI madhyakAlIna sthApatya taraphanI bedarakArI, enuM punaHnirmANa ane audyogika ddhati jevA viSayo para lakhavA mAMDyuM. emaNe lokonI citraklAmAM ruci keLavavAno prayAsa karyo. sAthosAtha arthazAstra ane rAjakAraNa vize graMtho lakhyA. emanA ana Tu dhisa lAsTa' jevA graMthano bhAvAnuvAda to 'sarvodaya'ne nAme mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe karyo che. harIphAI ane svArthaparAyaNatA para jhoka ApatA udyogapatio ane arthazAstrIone emaNe navA Adarzo ApyA. janma : 1 sapTembara, 179pa, keItha, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 1 jUna, 1832, nyUyorka siTI, amerikA 128 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 129

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itihAsa ane pravAsa vize lekhana karyuM. potAnI kalpanAnA sukhI samAjanuM citraNa karIne enI sthApanA paNa karI. oNksapharDa yunivarsiTImAM kalA vize keTalAMya vyAkhyAno ApyAM. Azcarya thAya ke raskine ATalI badhI vidyAo ane viSayomAM kaI rIte kAma karyuM haze ? jaoNna raskina potAnA Deska para eka nAnakaDo paththara rAkhatA hatA ane e paththara para 'Tu De' ema lakhyuM hatuM. eno artha eTalo ke AjanuM svAgata karo. je kAma karavAnuM che te Aje ja karo. gaI kAlanI ciMtA ane AvatI kAlanI paMcAta choDIne AjamAM jIvo ane AjanA vanane bharapUra mANo. 130 janma - 8 phebruArI, 1819, beMDana, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 20 jAnyuArI, 1900, konisTana, lenkezAyara, iMglaeNnDa jIvananuM javAhira ThaMDI tAkAta enuM nAma hatuM saeNmyuala leMgahorna klemansa. 27mA varSe eNe 'mArka Tvena' jevuM lAkSaNika takhallusa rAkhyuM. jiMdagInA prAraMbhe mArka Tvene mudraka tarIke kAma karyuM. misisipI nadInA nipuNa naukAcAlaka tarIke nAmanA meLavI. cAMdInI khANo zodhavA bhramaNa karyuM. khabarapatrI banIne phrAnsa, iTAlI ane pelesTAinano pravAsa karyo. jiMdagInA chellA be dAyakAmAM enA para Aphatono varasAda varasyo. nikaTanA eka sagAe mudraNayaMtra zodhI ApavAnI vAta karI. e mATe mArka Tvene saghaLI saMpattinuM rokANa karyuM. mudraNa mATenuM yaMtra taiyAra thayuM nahIM ane mArka Tvene ApelA paisA ya DUbI gayA. jiMdagInA pAchaLanA samayamAM Avato AghAta keTalo badho UMDo hoya che ! mArka Tvena Arthika rIte sAva nAdAra banI gayo ane sahune lAgyuM ke have 70 varSano bujharga mArka Tvena kyAreya pAcho Ubho thaI zakaze nahIM. enuM svAsthya paNa dhIre dhIre kathaLatuM jIvananuM javAhira 131

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gayuM. enI vahAlI putrI sarji paNa avasAna pAmI. Ama vyaktigata ane kauTuMbika ApattiothI mArka Tveina gherAI gayo. vinodavRtti dharAvatA prasiddha lekhakna enI patnI liviyAe preraNA ApatAM kahyuM ke tame zaktihIna nathI, paNa tAkAtavAna cho. tamArI pAsenI 'ThaMDI tAkAtathI koIka navo kasaba ajamAvo. mArka Tvene hAsya-kAryakramo ApavAnuM zarU karyuM. mAtra amerikAmAM ja nahIM, balle duniyAbharamAM e ghUmI vaLyo. kolakAtA ane muMbaI jevAM zaheromAM paNa A hAsya kalAkAre kAryakmo ApyA hatA. pharI pelI ThaMDI tAkAtane kAraNe mArka Trena Ubho thayo ane eNe paheluM kAma potAnuM devuM pUruM karavAnuM karyuM, pachI makAna bAMdhyuM ane aMte Arthika rIte sadhdhara banyo. turkastAnanA krAMtikArI netA ane rASTrapati mustaphA kamAla pAzAe krAMti sauthI kiMmatI karIne dezanI sikala palaTI nAkhI. rASTranuM AdhunikIkaraNa karyuM ane pragatinAM navAM bheTa pagalAM bharyA. kamAla pAzAnI varSagAMTha nimitte prajA potAnA priya netA mATe bheTasogAdo laIne AvI, janmotsavamAM eka pachI eka bheTasogAdo ApavAmAM AvI. kamAla pAzAe snehathI teno svIkAra karyo ane utsava pUro thatAM potAnA khaMDamAM ArAma mATe gayA. evAmAM gAmaDAno eka vRddha AvI pahoMcyo. e potAnA priya netAne mATe bhAvapUrvaka bheTa lAvyo hato, paraMtu utsava to samApta thaI gayo hato. kamAla pAzAnA sacive kahyuM, "tame moDA paDyA. utsava kyAranoya pUrNa thaI gayo che ane kamAla pAzA atyAre ArAma karI rahyA che." vRddhe kahyuM, "bhAI, huM trIsa mAIla dUrathI AvuM chuM. Ane kAraNe moDuM thayuM. tame kamAla pAzAne vinaMtI karo ke teo mArI bheTa svIkAre." jIvananuM javAhira 133 janma : 30 navembara, 1835, phaloriDA, mijhurI, amerikA avasAna : 21 eprila, 1917, kanekTikaTa, amerikA 13ra jIvananuM javAhira

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sacive kamAla pAzAne sucanA mokalI. kamAla pAzA potAnA khaMDamAM ArAmathI sUtA hatA, paraMtu dUranA gAmaDAmAMthI maLavA AvelA vRddhanI vAta sAMbhaLatAM UThIne tarata bahAra AvyA. khUba AdarapUrvaka vRddhano satkAra karyo. e vRddha je bheTa lAvyA hatA, teno svIkAra karyo. bheTamAM mATInI nAnakaDI hAMDImAM madha laIne AvyA hatA. vRddha jAte e madha paranuM mATInuM vAsaNa kholyuM. rASTrapati kamAla pAzAe be AMgaLIthI madha laIne cAhyuM. bIjI be AMgaLIthI e vRddhane khavaDAvyuM ane kahyuM, bAbA, mAre mana A sauthI kImatI bheTa che." vizvaprasiddha citrakAra jhAM phrAsvA | milano janma phrAnsanA sAmAnya kheDUta sarjakanI . kuTuMbamAM thayo. emanuM prAraMbhika jIvana laganI. khetamajUrImAM pasAra thayuM. khetI karatAM karatAM milane ghaNAM svapna AvatAM hatAM. ene citra banAvavAnI icchA jAgI. gharamAMthI bAibalanI eka jUnI prata maLI. ene jotAM milane thayuM ke AnA parathI eka citra banAvavuM joIe. milanA pitAe putranI kalArucine protsAhana ApatAM kahyuM ke e evuM citra banAve ke je enA manamAM jAgelI preraNAne raMga-rekhAthI pragaTa kare. e divasathI mile citrakalAne apanAvI lIdhI. nAnakaDA gAmamAM vasatA A kalAkArane koNa protsAhana Ape ? prAraMbha mile sAinaborDa dorIne arthopArjana karatA hatA. e pachI emaNe burga ane perisamAM kalA-abhyAsa karyo. hRdayamAM satata preraNA jAgatI hatI. Ane mATe teo paeNrisanI najIka AvelA prakRtiAcchAdita bAbinjho nAmanA gAmaDAmAM jaIne vasyA ane suMdara grAmadRzyo ane vanadRzyo sarjavA lAgyA. zarUAtamAM milenAM citrone koI kharIdatuM nahIM, paraMtu 1867mAM paeNrisamAM yojAyelA pradarzana pachI milenAM citronI mAga vadhI, kudaratanuM zAMta-ramya janma : 19 me, 1881, thIsAlonikI, cIsa avasAna H 10 navembara, 1938, irataMbUla, turkI. 134 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 13pa

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rUpa AlekhatI emanI svAbhAvika rajUAta karatI zailI eTalI pracalita banI ke kalAjagatamAM e bAbiMjho zailInA nAme jANItI thaI. emanuM eka citra cha lAkha phrAnkathI paNa vadhu kiMmate citrakalArasike kharIdyuM ane Aje bosTana ane paeNrisanAM saMgrahAlayomAM A citrakAranAM citro sthAna pAmyAM che. sAmAnya kheDUtamAMthI sarjananI preraNAne jALavIne mahAna citrakAra banelA jhAM phrAsvA milane kalAjagatamAM sAhajika preraNAne saccAIthI vAstavika rUpe pragaTa karavA mATe sadA yAda karavAmAM Ave che. briTananA prasiddha rAjanItijJa harbarTa sTensI maoNrisananA pitA atyaMta garIba vicAranI polIsa karmacArI hatA. teone kuTuMbanuM bharaNapoSaNa karavAmAM muzkelI paDatI samRddhi hovAthI cauda varSanA emanA putra harbarTa maoNrisane eka kariyANAnI dukAnamAM nokarI zarU karI. eka vAra harbarTa maoNrisanane sAmudrikazAstrI maLyA, je vyaktinA mastakane joIne enuM bhaviSya bhAkhatA hatA. emaNe harbarTa morisananA caherAne joyo, enuM kapALa, AMkho, nAka, hoTha, gAla ane kAnanA AkArane jhINavaTathI nihALyAM. enA mAthAnA AkArane joyo ane enA para UpaselA bhAgane joIne kahyuM, A to vidvAna lekhaka mekole jevo Upaselo bhAga che, jeNe A jagatane keLavaNI vize navA vicAra ApyA hatA. A sUcave che ke tame paNa A jagatane navA vicAro Apazo." basa, pachI to harbarTa maoNrisanane mekolenI manovRSTimAM rasa paDyo ane A garIba bALaka UMDA abhyAsathI potAnuM janma : 4 oNkTobara, 1814, zna, phrAMsa avasAna H 20 jAnyuArI, 187pa, bArbIjhona, phrAMsa 136 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 137

Page #71
jJAna vadhArato gayo, vyaktitva khIlavato gayo. vicArajagatane vadhu ne vadhu samRddha karavA prayAsa karavA lAgyo. eNe briTananA majUra pakSanI pravRttiomAM sakyi kAmagIrI bajAvI. pAMtrIsa varSanI vaye morisana laMDananA haeNka paragaNAno nagarapati banyo. maulika vaicArika ciMtanane kAraNe eNe laMDana zaheranI AsapAsa grIna belTa rAkhavAno kAyado karyo. vAhanavyavahAranI suvidhA aMgenA kAyadA ghaDavAmAM mahattvanI bhUmikA bhajavI. e pachI gRhapradhAna ane samaya jatAM briTananA nAyaba vaDApradhAna banyA. vaicArika rIte samRddha evA harbarTa maoNrisane emanA pakSanI samAjavAdanI sthApanA aMgenI vicAradhArAmAM madhyamamArgIya nIti apanAvIne parivartana AvyuM. emaNe rAja nIti ane vAhanavyavahAraviSayaka mahattvanA graMtho paNa racyAM. 19mI sadInA mahAna vijJAnI thomasa AlvA eDisane sAta varSanI uMmare eDisanane zALAzikSaNa zarU karyuM, paraMtu traNa mahinA | bAda zikSake emane maMdabuddhinA nabaLA vaeNkezana | vidyArthI kahIne zALAmAMthI kADhI mUkyo. e pachI emanI mAtAe traNeka varSa sudhI emane gharamAM abhyAsa karAvyo. dasamA varSe to thomasa AlvA eDisane gharamAM prayogazALA zarU karI dIdhI. nabaLI Arthika sthitine kAraNe relavemAM akhabAro ane khATI-mIThI goLIo vecavAnuM zarU karyuM. enI je kaMI Avaka thatI te prayogazALAnAM sAdhano ane pustako kharIdavAmAM vAparatA hatA. eDisane vIjaLInA dIvAnI zodha karI, grAmophonanI zodha karI ane eka samaye eka hajAra ne trANuM jeTalI peTanTa eDisananA nAme hatI. e rAtadivasa navI navI zodho vize vicAratA ane kalAkonA kalAko sudhI prayogazALAmAM besI rahetA. emanI A Adatane kAraNe kyAreka emanAM patnI gusse paNa thaI jatAM. janma : 3 jAnyuArI, 1888, lebeka, laMDana, iMglenDa, avasAna H 6 mArca, 196pa, pAma, laMDana, iMglenDa 138 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 139

Page #72
eka divasa to ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI eDisana prayogazALAmAM rahyA. emanAM patnIe vAraMvAra bolAvyA, chatAM e kAmamAM ja khUMpelA rahyA. emaNe eDisanane kahyuM, rAtadivasa kAmamAM DUbelA raho cho, to kyAreka to vaeNkezana bhogavo." thomasa AlvA eDisane vaLato prazna karyo, "paNa e rajAomAM huM jAuM kyAM ?" eDisananI patnIe kahyuM, "jyAM tamAruM dila bahelAya tevI jagAe." thomasa AlvA eDisane kahyuM, "to cAlo, mAruM dila jyAM khUba bahelAya che evI jagAe jAuM chuM." Ama kahIne thomasa AlvA eDisana prayogazALA tarapha gayA. aho ! kevuM Azcarya ! eMsI varSanA mahAna aMgreja ciMtaka huM chuM ane vivecaka vRddha kArlAilane potAnuM koNa ? AkhuM zarIra badalAI gayeluM lAgyuM. snAna karyA bAda snAnagRhamAMthI bahAra nIkaLIne e potAnA zarIrane lUchavA lAgyo, to ema jaNAyuM ke je zarIrane e varSothI jANato hato, e zarIrane badale koI bIjuM ja zarIra pote lUchato hato. kArlAila vicAramAM paDyo ke je kAyA sAthe varSothI mAyA baMdhANI hatI, e manamohaka kAyA kyAM gaI ! je zarIra mATe pote garva dhAraNa karato hato, e zarIra ekAeka kyAM alopa thaI gayuM ? je dehanI suMdaratA jALavavA mATe eNe keTalAya samaya gALyo hato, te deha kyAMya dekhAto na hato. kArlAila parezAna thaI gayo. yuvAnI vItI gaI. deha para vRddhatva AvyuM ane have to ethIya vadhu deha sAva jarjarita banI gayo. janma : 11 phebruArI, 1843, milAna, pAyo, armerikA avasAna : 18, oNkTobara, 1931, vaeNsTa oNrenja, nyUjarsI, amerikA 140 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 141

Page #73
kArlAila becena banyo. A te kevuM ! je dehanA svarUpane pote abhinna ane sadAkALa TakanAruM mAnato hato, te deha badalAI gayo; ane pote to hato evo ne evo ja rahyo, A thayuM zuM? kArlAilanA vismayano pAra na rahyo. pote che paNa peluM zarIra kyAM jatuM rahyuM ? dhIre dhIre gahana ciMtanamAM DUbatA kArlAilanA manamAM ekAeka camakAro thayo. eNe enI jAtane pUchyuM : "are ! tyAre huM chuM koNa ?" comerathI prasiddhi ane ilakAbo khitAbono muzaLadhAra varasAda varasato kevo hato, tema chatAM AlbarTa AinsTAina tenAthI sAva nirlepa rahetA hatA. bUkamArka ! bhautika prAptinI emane koI paNa prakAranI eSaNA nahotI. eka vAra sauthI dhanADhya mAnavI rokaphelare A mahAna vaijJAnikane 45 jAra DaoNlarano ceka bheTa rUpe Apyo. e jamAnAmAM A ghaNI moTI rakamanI bheTa gaNAya. - A AinsTAine e ceka lIdho, paNa e cekano upayoga ki tarIke karyo. A ceka che ane ATalI moTI rakamano che e vAta ja A saMzodhakanA manamAMthI vIsarAI gaI. A vaijJAnikanI lAibrerImAM bUka-mArka tarIke e ceka eka graMthamAMthI bIjA graMthamAM pharato rahyo ane e eTalI jhaDape pharato rahyo ke eka samaye e 'bUka-mArka' kyAM che enI paNa bhALa rahI nahIM. eka vakhata ekAeka zrImatI AinsTAinane rokaphelara sAthenA prasaMganuM smaraNa thayuM ane sAthosAtha emaNe Apelo janma : 4 Disembara, 1395, iktiphekana, iMglaeNnDa avasAna ; 5 phebruArI, 1881, laMDana, iMglenDa 142 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 143

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moTI rakamano ceka yAda Avyo. zrImatI AinsTAina potAnA pati pAse gayA ane 45 hajAra DaoNlaranA cekanI yAda apAvI. AinsTAinane kazuM yAda nahotuM. thoDI vAre smaraNa thayuM ke e pote eno buka-mArka tarIke upayoga karatA hatA. A sAMbhaLIne AinsTAinanI patnI to stabdha thaI gaI. ATalI moTI rakamano ceka bUka-mArka tarIke ? AinsTAine enI patnInI manovyathA joIne kahyuM, "are ! eka sAmAnya bUka-mArka mATe ATalI badhI citita kema bane che ? koI jUnA kArDa-pepara parathI navo bUka-mArka banAvI de. enAthI mAruM kAma cAlaze." AinsTAinanI patnI khAmoza thaI gaI, tyAre AinsTAina pelA bUka-mArkanI ciMtA choDIne saMzodhanamAM lAgI gayo. ene mATe to vijJAnanuM saMzodhana e ja ene maLatuM moTAmAM moTuM vaLatara hatuM. emAMthI ja ene apAra AnaMdanI prApti thatI hatI. mahAna citrakAra, prayogazIla ijanera ane uzyanazAstrI liyonArDo monAlisAnuM da vincIe phlorensanA nivAsI phrAncesko ' dela jyAMkoDonI patnI hatI ane ene sarjana, mAMDala tarIke rAkhIne liyonArDo citra dorI rahyo hato. 1503mAM eno mitra ene maLavA Avyo tyAre ema lAgyuM ke aDadhA kalAkamAM A citra pUrNa thaze paraMtu liyonArDo e citra vadhu ne vadhu saMpUrNa karavA lAgyo. traNa varSa bAda pharI emano mitra Avyo tyAre 77 senTimITara lAMbA ane pa3 senTimITara pahoLA lAkaDAnA phalaka para agAu je monAlisAnuM citra dorato hato, te ja citra tailaraMgothI citrita karI rahyo hato. e yuvatInI pAchaLa parvato ane nadIo dharAvatA nisarganI pazcAdbhuminI rekhAo barAbara dorI rahyo hato. monAlisAnuM rahasyamaya smita enI najare paDyuM. A yuvatInI bhramara nahotI, kAraNa ke e samaye iTAliyana mahilAomAM bhramaranA vALane ukhADI nAkhavAnI phaeNzana hatI. mitrae hiMmata karI ane liyonArDo da vincInI pITha thapathapAvatAM kahyuM, "are dosta, huM to kyArano ya Avyo chuM. jarA, mArI tarapha to najara kara." jIvananuM javAhira janma : 14 mArca, 1879, ulma, jarmanI avasAna : 18 eprila, 1955, prinTana, nyUjarsI, amerikA 144 jIvananuM javAhira 145

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kalAkAre kahyuM, "oha mitra ! tuM keTalA badhA varSe maLyo. kyAM hato tuM ?" "are, be varSa pahelAM tane maLavA Avyo hato, paraMtu tuM citra doravAmAM eTalo badho magna hato ke huM tane khalela pahoMcADyA vinA pAcho jato rahyo hato." liyonArDo da vincIe kahyuM, "sAcI vAta che. A kalAmAM DUbI jAuM chuM, tyAre duniyA bhUlI jAuM chuM." mitrae savAla karyo, "mane Azcarya e che ke AjathI traNa varSa pUrve Avyo, tyAre tuM A ja citra dorato hato. Aje e ja citra dorI rahyo che. mane to e vakhate ema hatuM ke thoDI vAramAM citra dorAI jaze, paNa hajI e kalAkRti kema saMpUrNa thaI nathI ?" liyonArDo da vincIe hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, "dosta, A ja che enI majA. kyAreka ema thAya ke enI pAchaLa UMcA-nIcA khaDakothI banelA parvato ane nadIo dharAvatA kudaratI dRzyane vadhu suMdara banAvuM, kyAreka ema thAya ke mRdu chAyA-prakAzanI sTamATo nAmanI kalAthI citra doruM. enA hoThano DAbo khUNo gAla tarapha heja kheMcAyelo rAkhIne enA smitane vadhu AkarSaka banAvuM ! mAre enA zarIranA sauMdaryane pragaTa karavuM hatuM, paNa alaMkArothI nahIM. AthI alaMkAra vinAnI A yuvatInA zArIrika sauMdaryane soLe kaLAe khIlavAnI mokaLAza ApuM chuM. basa, Ama kalAkRtine maThAre jAuM chuM." liyonArDo da vincInI traNa varSanI mahenate taiyAra thayeluM "monAlisA' citra vizvanuM sauthI mazahUra citra banyuM. 1918mAM bhautikazAstranuM nobela pAritoSika meLavanArA maMksa plA satya ja UrjAkaNonI zodha dvArA bhautikazAstranI pragatimAM mahattvanuM yogadAna ApyuM. sarvasva. jarmanInA myunika zaheramAM abhyAsa karatA maeNksa plAnya jIvananA prAraMbhe saMgItakAra thavAno vicAra rAkhatA hatA, paraMtu myunika yunivarsiTInA adhyApakonA protsAhanane pariNAme emaNe saiddhAMtika bhautikazAstrI tarIkenI kArakirdI pasaMda karI. emanuM vyaktitva mRdu kiMtu mAnavatAsabhara hatuM ane tethI hiTalare jyAre yahudIone trAsa ApavAnuM zarU karyuM, tyAre maeNksa plAnka potAnA sAthI yahudI kAryakaronI rakSA karavA mATe AgaLa AvyA. emaNe zodhelo kvonTama siddhAMta khagoLa-bhautika vijJAnIo mATe atyaMta upayogI puravAra thayo. 1930mAM teo 'kesara vilahema sosAyaTI'nA pramukha banyA, je pratiSThita saMsthA bIjA vizvayuddha bAda meksa plAnka sosAyaTI tarIke jANItI thaI. nAjhI zAsanano virodha karatA maeNksa plAnka saramukhatyAra hiTalaranA kopano bhoga banyA. janma : 15 eprila, 1452, vincI, iTAlI avasAna : 2 me, 151, eboIla, phAnsa 146 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 147

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hiTalare emane nAjhI zAsananI prazaMsA karavAnuM kahyuM, paraMtu satyaniSTha meksa plAnTe potAno prabaLa virodha cAlu rAkhyo. maeNksa plAnTanAM traNa saMtAno yuvAnImAM avasAna pAmyAM hatAM. emanA be putro jIvita hatA, emAMthI eka putra hiTalaranA sakaMjAmAM phasAI gayo. hiTalare A vijJAnIne kahyuM ke tame mArAM vakhANa karo, guNagAna gAo ane mAphInI yAcanA karo, to tamArA A putrane huM phAMsInI sajAmAMthI mukta karuM. jo maMksa plAnTa hiTalaranA hukama pramANe cAle, to hiTalara pote potAno hukama pAcho kheMcavA taiyAra hato. meksa plAnTanI sAme satyanuM pAlana karavuM ke putranuM rakSaNa karavuM - evo savAla Ubho thayo, tyAre emaNe paheluM satya pachI bIjuM badhuM - evo potAno saMkalpa pragaTa karyo. 1944mAM hiTalare meksa plAnkanA putrane phAMsI ApI, chatAM A vijJAnI aDaga rahyA ane hiTalaranA kukhyAta zAsanano satata virodha karatA rahyA. dhArAsabhAmAM cUMTAyelA abrAhama likanane abhinaMdana ApavA mATe halakuM | sAmAnya mAnavIthI mAMDIne dhaniko ane rAjapuruSo abhinaMdana ApavA ekatrita kAma? thatA hatA. sahunI dhAraNA hatI ke AvA samaye to abrAhama liMkana hasatA cahere sahunuM abhivAdana jhIlatA haze. guladastAnI bheTa svIkAratA haze, paraMtu abhinaMdana ApavA AvelA lokoe eka evuM dRzya joyuM ke e badhA stabdha banI gayA ! liMkana gAya dohatA hatA. emaNe hasate mukhe sahunuM svAgata karatAM kahyuM, "padhAro, padhAro, ApanuM svAgata che. Apa thoDI vAra beso. huM jarA gAya dohavAnuM kAma pUruM karI lauM." agraNI rAjadvArIo ane mahAnubhAvonI upasthitimAM liMkana pAchA gAya dohavA lAgI gayA. eka dhanike emane haLavethI salAha ApatAM kahyuM, "sAheba, Apa ghaNA vidvAna vakIla cho. dhArAsabhAnA AdaraNIya sabhya cho. ApanA jevI mahAna vyakti gAya dohavAnuM kAma kare te amane saheje zobhAspada lAgatuM nathI." janma : 23 eprila, 1858, kIla, jarmanI avasAna : 4 oNkTobara, 1947, goTiMgena, jarmanI 148 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 149

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liMkane vaLato prazna karyo, "emAM zuM vAMdho ?" abhinaMdana ApavA AvelA lokoe kahyuM, "ApanA jevA mahAna mAnavIthI AvuM halakuM kAma na thAya." liMkane kahyuM, "koNe kahyuM ke A kAma halakuM che ? kAma to badhAMya sarakhAM. nathI koI halakuM ke nathI koI bhAre. hA, e sAcuM ke ApaNe jAte kAma karavAne badale bIjA pAse kAma karAvIe chIe ane ApaNA mATe koI bIjA kAma kare to ene halakuM mAnIe chIe. A te kyAMnI rIta ? hakIkatamAM svAvalaMbI mANasa ja jIvanamAM satata pragati karato hoya che, AthI kAma karavuM e mahattvanuM che. e halakuM ke bhAre hotuM nathI." janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, hojenavile, kenTukI rAjya, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 1875, vaoNziMgTana 1.sI., amerikA 150 jIvananuM javAhira amerikAno vikhyAta navalakathAkAra arnesTa hemigve bAlyAvasthAthI kathAlekhanamAM kuzaLa hatA. emanI nizALamAM eka vArtA-spardhA yojavAmAM AvI ane vidyArthIone kahevAmAM AvyuM ke eka mahinAmAM vArtA lakhIne ApavI. jenI vArtA zreSTha haze, ene pAritoSika rUpe sonAno glAsa maLaze. khaMtano mahimA nizALiyA hemiMgvene hasavuM e vAtanuM AvyuM ke eka vArtA lakhavA mATe eka mahinA jeTalA lAMbA samayanI zI jarUra? vAta paNa sAcI hatI ke enA jevo hoziyAra vArtAlekhaka be divasamAM eka vArtA lakhI zakato hato. bIjA vidyArthIoe vArtA lakhIne ApavA mAMDI, jo ke saghaLA nizALiyAo mAnatA hatA ke zreSTha vArtAne mATe maLanAruM pAritoSika to hemiMgvene ja maLaze. hemiMgve nirAMtamAM hato. ene kazI utAvaLa nahotI. ATalI amathI vArtA lakhavI, e to ene mana ramata vAta hatI. chellA be divasa bAkI rahyA, tyAre eNe vArtAlekhana zarU karyuM ane nizALanA AcAryane vArtA ApI. banyuM evuM ke jIvananuM javAhira 151

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hemiMgvenI vArtAne pAritoSika maLyuM nahIM ane eka ajANyA chokarAnI vArtA zreSTha jAhera thaI. nizALiyA hemiMgvene mATe asahya ghaTanA hatI. eNe ghera AvIne enI bahenane kahyuM, "A vArtA-spardhAnA pariNAmamAM pakSapAta AcaravAmAM Avyo che. bAkI sonAnA glAsanuM pAritoSika to mane ja maLavuM joIe." enI bahene kahyuM, "ApaNane pAritoSika na maLyuM, mATe parIkSakone doSita TheravAya nahIM. tArAthI jeNe vadhu suMdara vArtA lakhI haze, ene ja emaNe pAritoSika ApyuM haze." "AkhI nizALamAM mArAthI vadhu sArI vArtA lakhI zake tevuM che koNa ? Ama bane ja kema?" hemiMgvenI bahene kahyuM, "teM aThyAvIsa divasa sudhI kazuM karyuM nahIM ane chellA be divasamAM vArtA lakhI nAkhI. AvuM karIe to enuM pariNAma A ja Ave. phaLane pUruM pAkavA dIdhA vinA kApIe to enI pUrI mIThAza ApaNane na maLe. ene badale kazuMka juduM ja maLe. teM cheka chellI ghaDIe vArtA lakhI, tethI tane pAritoSika maLyuM nahIM. teno artha ja e ke koI paNa kAma karavuM hoya, to te utAvaLe karavuM nahIM, paNa yogya AyojanathI karavuM." nizALiyA hemiMgvenA hRdayamAM bahenanA zabdo kotarAI gayA ane eNe jIvanabhara dhairyapUrvaka sAhityasAdhanA karI. janma avasAna - 21 julAI, 1899, oNka pArka, ilinoisa, amerikA - 2 julAi, 1961, kaeNcama, iDoDo, amerikA 152 jIvananuM javAhira vaibhavamAM dAritrya raziyana navalakathAkAra, nATakakAra ane ciMtaka liyo nikolAyavica TaoNlsTaoNya kuTuMbanI milakata saMbhALavA mATe potAnI jAgIra para AvyA. jamInadAra liyo TaoNlsTaoNya trevIsamA varSe lazkaramAM joDAyA ane satyAvIsamA varSe lazkaranI kAmagIrIne tilAMjali ApI. e pachI emaNe yuropano pravAsa kheDyo. yuropanA A pravAsa daramiyAna liyo TaoNlsTaoNya lyusarna zaheranI eka hoTalamAM AvyA. A hoTalamAM eka garIba saMgItakAra hoTalamAM AvanArA atithionuM manoraMjana karato hato. savAso jeTalA zrImaMto ekaThA thayA hatA. pelA saMgItakAre evuM saMgIta prastuta karyuM ke sahu koI prasanna thaI gayA. e pachI e garIba saMgItakAra hAtha lAMbA karIne zrImaMto pAse mAgavA nIkaLyo, tyAre koIe ene eka pAI paNa na ApI. pravAsI liyo TaoNlsTaoNyanuM hRdaya A dazya joIne dravita thaI gayuM. e vicAravA lAgyA ke aDadho kalAka sudhI saMgItanI moja jIvananuM javAhira 153

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mANyA pachI bhikhArInA hAthamAM koDI na mUkanAra pelA zrImaMto garIba ke pachI lokonAM dila bahelAvanAra A saMgItakAra ? A bemAMthI manathI koNa vadhu garIba? teo perisanA pravAse gayA. emaNe joyuM to ahIM rAjakIya kedIne jAheramAM phAMsI ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. pravAsI liyo TaoNlsTaoNye dehAMtadaMDanuM A dRzya joyuM ane kaMpArI chUTI. AvI rIte daMDa ApanArA zAsana sAme dhRNA jAgI ane dehAMtadaMDanI sajAmAM mAnavasaMskRtino hrAsa dekhAyo. Ama emaNe pazcima yuropano pravAsa karyo, tyAre enA bAhya vaibhavanI sAthosAtha AMtarika dAritryano anubhava karyo ane ethI emanA manamAM pazcimanA bhautikavAda aMgano virodha ghaNo prabaLa banI gayo. prasiddha lekhaka vaoNlTara skoTa prANImAtra pratye atyaMta dayALu hatA. premano AnuM kAraNa e che ke eka vAra emaNe potAnI kumAra avasthAmAM pALelA kUtarA padArthapATha para gusse bharAIne paththara pheMkyo hato. e paththara kUtarAnA pagamAM vAgyo ane enA paga bhAMgI jatAM kUtaro apaMga banI gayo hato. paganI asahya pIDAne kAraNe kUtaro cIsAcIsa karato hato. Amatema laMgaDAto pharato hato. kyAreka khUNAmAM muDadAla thaIne paDyo raheto hato. dhIre dhIre ekAda divasa pachI kUtarAnI pIDA ochI thaI. e laMgaDAto vaoNlTara skaoNTanI pAse AvIne beTho. kazuM ja na banyuM hoya tema agAunI mAphaka premathI temanA paga cATavA lAgyo. abola prANInI AvI nirvera bhAvanA joIne vaoNlTara skaoNTanuM hRdaya AkraMda karI UThyuM. teo vicAravA lAgyA ke jo A kUtarAne badale koI mANasane paththara nahIM, paNa nAnI kAMkarI mArI hota to zuM thAta ? janma : 9 sapTembara 1828, yAsnAyApoliyAno, raziyA avasAna H 20 navembara 1910, levaTokTaoNya, raziyA 154 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 1papa

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pelI vyakti potAnI zakti mujaba emanI sAme laDI leta. jyAre A abola prANI to mArI kUratAne bhUlIne mArA pratye lAgaNI dAkhave che. mANasa vadhu mAnavatAbharyo ke A prANI ? dhIre dhIre A sarjakanA aMtaHkaraNamAM pazcAttApanI dhArA vahevA lAgI. emaNe kUtarAno IjAgrasta paga hAthamAM lIdho. jyAre jyAre ene pATA-piMDI kare tyAre A lekhaka pazcAttApabharyA hRdaye A kUtarAne kahetA, mArA premALa mitra, huM mArI bhUlano pazcAttApa karuM chuM. joke teM to mArA tarapha udAra vartana dAkhavIne mane premano padArthapATha zIkhavyo che. have huM koI paNa prANI pratye AvuM kaThora vartana nahIM karuM." cInanA mahAna tattvaciMtaka ke phyuziyasa cInanI prajAne uttara tArI jIvanaghaDatarayukta nItisUtro ApatA hatA. pAse. kaphyuziyasa pAse vidyArthIo zikSaNa levA ane jijJAsuo emanI jijJAsA tRpta karavA AvatA hatA. vAstavika dRSTi ane UMDI vyavahArasUjha dharAvatA saMta kaphyuziyasa emane mArgadarzana ApatA. emanA vizALa AzramamAM eka rivAja hato. AzramamAMthI abhyAsa karIne nIkaLato vidyArthI gurune aMtima prazna pUchato ane guru teno uttara ApatA. eka tejasvI vidyArthI AzramamAMthI vidAya laI rahyo hato. tene aMtima pRcchA karavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM. vidyArthIe vicAryuM ke koI evo prazna pUchuM ke jethI guru UMDI dvidhAmAM paDI jAya. AzramanA vidyArthIe eka pakSI pakaDayuM. hAthamAM pakSI rAkhIne teNe kahyuM, gurudeva, mArI eka mUMjhavaNano uttara Apo. A pakSI jIvatuM raheze ke mareluM ? enI zI dazA thaze ?" janma : 15 oNgasTa, 1771, eDinabarga, IlaeNnDa avasAna : 21 sapTembara, 1932, eboTsaphorDa hAusa, iMglenDa 156 jIvananuM javAhira jIvananuM javAhira 1pa7

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guru ziSyano prazna pAmI gayA. jo e kahe ke jIvatuM raheze to vidyArthI pakSIne be hAtha vacce dabAvIne mArI nAkhaze ane jo mareluM kahe to pakSIne AkAzamAM uDADI mUke. guru kaphyuziyase javAba Apyo : "tane mUMjhavatA A praznano javAba tArA hAthamAM che. tuM dhArIza to A pakSI jIvatuM raheze ane tuM dhArIza to pakSI marI jaze." kayUziyasano A uttara mAnavajAtane eka zAzvata vicAra ApanAro banI rahyo. "tArA mUMjhavatA badhA ja praznonA uttara tArA ja hAthamAM che." e hakIkata e divase pratipAdita thaI. grIsanA mahAna bhUmitizAstrI pAyathAgorasanuM bALapaNa khUba garIbImAM mArI vItyuM. A vikhyAta zAstrajJane bALapaNamAM bhaNavAne mATe aneka muzkelIo sahevI javAbadArI . paDI. e jaMgalamAM jaI lAkaDAM kApI lAvatA. eno bhAro bAMdhIne zaheramAM pharatA ane e dvArA emanuM gujarAna cAlatuM hatuM. vidyArthIkALamAM eka vAra e bhAro bAMdhIne rastA parathI pasAra thato hato tyAre eka vyaktie tene Ubho rAkhyo ane vicitra savAla karyo, "alyA chokarA, tuM ATalo nAno che ne ATalo moTo bhAro UMcakIne jAya che ? tAro Akho divasa AmAM ja pasAra thato haze ne !" pAyathAgorase kahyuM, "nA, nA. jojo evuM mAnatA. huM to pahelAM savAre bhaNavA jAuM chuM. pachI jaMgalamAM jaIne lAkaDAM kApI lAvuM chuM. mAre to bhaNavuM che. DemokreTasa jevA mahAna vidvAna banavuM che." janma : 28 sapTembara, papa1 I. pU. zu sTeTa (hAla cIna) avasAna H I. pUrve 479, zuM sTeTa (hAla cIna) 158 jIvananuM javAhira - jIvananuM javAhira 159

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pelA sajjane pUchayuM, "A bhAro teM jAte bAMdhyo che ? mane khAtarI karAvI ApIza kharo ?" e chokarAe lAkaDAMno bhAro kholyo ane pharI bAMdhI Apyo. enI kuzaLatA joIne pelI vyaktie kahyuM, cAla, tuM mArI parIkSAmAM uttIrNa thayo che. have tane bhaNAvavAnI javAbadArI mArI." pAyathAgorase pUchayuM, "paNa Apa cho koNa ? e to kaho?" pelA sajjane kahyuM, "huM DemokreTasa chuM." janama ; I. pU. pa0, sAmosa, cIsa avasAna : che, pR. 45, meTA ponTama 160 jIvananuM javAhira -