Jain Sangh aur Sampradaya

Author(s): Bhagchandra Jain Bhaskar
Publisher: Z_Tirthankar_Mahavir_Smruti_Granth_012001.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210885/1

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jaina saMgha -aura sampradAya pratyeka dharma meM yathAsamaya saMgha aura sampradAya ko kaise jAnegA? tU mithyA dRSTi hai, maiM samyakadRSTi hU~ khar3e ho jAte haiN| unake pIche saiddhAntika matabheda kI merA kathana sArthaka hai, terA kathana nirarthaka hai| pUrva kathapRSThabhUmi rahatI hai / saiddhAntika matabheda dharma aura nIya bAta tUne pIche kahI aura pazcAt kathanIya bAta Age sampradAya ke vikAsa kI kahAnI hai| itihAsa isakA kahI / terA vAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai / tUne vAda sAkSI hai ki jina panthoM meM matabheda nahIM ho pAye ve Arambha kiyA para nigRhIta hogyaa| isa vAda se bacane prAyaH apane pravartakoM athavA prasArakoM ke sAtha hI ke lie idhara-udhara bhaTaka / yadi isa vAda ko sameTa kAlakavalita ho gaye aura jinameM vaicArika matabheda sakatA hai to sameTa / isa prakAra nAtaputtIya nigaNThoM meM paidA hue ve uttarottara vikasita hote gaye / mAnoM yuddha hI ho rahA thaa| jainadharma bhI isa tathya se dUra nahIM rahA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke uparAnta hI unake saMgha meM matabheda DA0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara pragaTa ho gaye / pAli tripiTaka isakA sAkSI hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki eka bAra bhagavAna buddha zAkya deza meM evaM me sutaM eka samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharati sAmagrAma meM bihAra kara rahe the| usI samaya nigaNTha- sAmagAme / tena kho pena samayena nigaNTho nAtaputto nAtaputta kA nirvANa pAvA meM ho gayA thaa| unake pAvAyaM adhunAkAlaGkato hoti / tasya kAlaGki nirvANa ke bAda hI unake anuyAyiyoM (nigaNThoM) meM kariyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dvadhika jAtA maNDanajAtA matabheda paMdA ho gaye / ve do bhAgoM (pakSoM) meM vibhakta kalahajAtA vivAdApannA aJjamaja mukhasattIhi ho gaye the aura paraspara saMgharSa aura kalaha kara rahe vitadantA viharanti- "na tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM aajaathe| nigaNTha eka-dUsare ko vacana-bANoM se bIMdhate hue nAsi, ahaM chamaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAmi / kiM tvaM dhammavivAda kara rahe the-"tuma isa dharma vinaya ko nahIM jAnate, vinayaM AjAnissasmi ? micchApaTipanno tvamasi, maiM isa dharma vinaya ko jAnatA huuN|" tU isa dharma vinaya ahamasmi sammApaTipanno / sahitaM me asahitaM te / 1. vizeSa dekhiye, lekhaka ke grantha Jainism in Buddhist Literature tathA bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsaprathama adhyAya (Aloka prakAzana, naagpur)|

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pure vacanIyaM paccha avaca pacchA vacanIyaM pure avaca / adhiciNaM te viparAvattaM / Aropito te vAdo / niggahitosi cara vAdapyamokkhAya; niSpaThehi vA sace pahosI" ti / vayo veva so maje nimgaNThe su nAtaputti yesu vasati / * AcArya kAlagaNanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda digambara paramparAnusAra 62 varSa meM kramaza tIna kevalI aura 100 varSa meM pA~ca atakevalI isa prakAra hue| kevalI 1. gautama gaNadhara - 12 varSa 2. sudharmA svAmI (lohArya ) - 12 varSa 3. jambU svAmI - 38 varSa zrutakebalI 1. viSNukumAra ( nandi ) 2. nandimitra 3. aparAjita 4. govardhana 5. bhadrabAhu 62 varSa - 14 varSa - 16 varSa - 22 varSa - 19 varSa - 29 varSa 100 varSa isa prakAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 162 varSa ( 62 + 100 ) paryanta kevalI aura dhatakevalI raheM / zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI 9 gaNavaroM kA nirvANa ho gayA thaa| mAtra indrabhUti gautama aura Arya sudharmA zeSa raha gaye the| mahAvIra nirvANa meM uttaravartI AcAryoM kI kAlagaNanA sthavirAvalI meM isa prakAra dI gaI hai - 1. sudharmA 2. jambU 3. prabhava 4. zappaMbhava 5. yazobhadra 6. saMbhUtivijaya 7. bhadrabAhu 8. sthUlabhadra 100 - 20 varSa - 44 varSa 11 varSa - 23 varSa - 50 varSa 8 varSa - 14 varSa -45 - yahA~ yaha dRSTavya hai ki jaina paramparAnusAra hemacandra ne 'pariziSTa parvana' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa ke 155 varSa bAda candragupta maurya kA rAjyakAla batAyA hai | AcArya hemacandra avantI rAjA pAlaka ke rAjyakAla ke 60 varSoM kI gaNanA ko kisI kAraNavaza bhUla gaye the| arthAt mahAvIra ke nirvANa (15560) 215 varSa bAda candragupta kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA hogA / 2. suttapiTaka, majjhimanikAya, sAmagAmasuttanta dIdhanikAya, pathikavasya pAsAdikasuta, saMgItisutta 3. ghavalA bhAga 1, pu0 66, tiloyapaNNasi, 4. 1482-84; jayacavalA: bhAga 1, pR0 85, indra tAvatAra 72-78 nandisaMghIya prAkRta paTTAvalI jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 1, kiraNa 4. 215 varSa ukta AcArya kAlagaNanA ke anusAra digambara para - mparA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa ke 12 varSa taka gautama

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gaNadhara kA kAla mAnA hai| aura unake bAda unake candragupta maurya kI samayakAlInatA siddha nahIM hotii| uttarAdhikArI kramazaH sudharmA aura jambUsvAmI ko una donoM mahApuruSoM ke bIca vahI prasiddha 60 varSa kA rakhA hai para sthavirAvalI meM gautama ke sthAna para sudharmA antara par3atA hai| arthAt yadi bhadrabAhu ke samaya vIra kA kAla 20 varSa (12+8=20) rakhA hai jabaki ni. 162 meM 60 varSa bar3hA diye jAyeM to candragupta kalpasUtra pUrvavartI paramparA ko hI svIkAra kara mahAvIra maurya aura bhadrabAhu kI samaya kAlInatA ThIka bana jAtI nirvANa ke bAda 12 varSa gautama kA aura 8 varSa hai| athavA candra guptamaurya ke kAla meM se 60 varSa pIche sudharmA kA kAla nirdhAraNa karatA hai| yaha kAla gaNanA haTA diye jAyeM jaisA ki hemacandrAcArya ne mahAvIra jo jaisI bhI ho, para donoM paramparAe bhadrabAha ke kuzala nirvANa se 215 varSa kI paramparA ke sthAna meM 155 varSa netRtva ko saharSa svIkAra karatI huI dikhAI detI haiN| pazcAt candragupta kA rAjA honA likhA hai to dotoM kI antara yahA~ yaha hai ki digambara paramparA mahAvIra samayakAlInatA bana sakatI hai / nirvANa ke 162 varSa bAda bhadrabAha kA nirvANa samaya mAnatI hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA 170 varSa bAda / zvetAmbara papamparAnusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke yahA~ lagabhaga ATha varSa kA koI vizeSa antara nahIM / uparAnta jaina saMgha paramparA isa prakAra dI jAtI hai:para samasyA yaha hai ki isa kAlagaNanA se bhadrabAha aura AcArya kAlagaNanA rAjakAla 1. gautama 2. sudharmA 3. jambU -12 varSa ---- 8 varSa -44 varSa pAlaka --60 varSa 4. prabhava 5. svayaMbhU 6. yazobhadra 7. saMbhUtivijaya 8. bhadrabAhu 9. sthUlabhadra -11 varSa -23 varSa -50 varSa - 8 varSa -14 varSa -45 varSa navananda -155 varSa 215 varSa -215 barSa 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : pUrva pIThikA, pR0 342. 5. paTTAvalI samuccaya, pR0 17. 101

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10. mahAgiri 11. muhasti 12. guNasundara 13. guNasundara - zeSa 14. kAlika 15. skandila 16. revatImitra 17. Arya bhaMgu 18. bahula 19. zrIvata 20. svAti 21. hAri 22. zvAmAyaM 23. zANDilya Adi 24. bhadragupta 25. zrI gupta 26. vajUsvAmI 215 - 30 varSa - 46 varSa - 32 varSa - 12 varSa - 40 varSa 38 varSa . 36 varSa -20 varSa = 111 varSa 580 varSa isa prakAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 581 varSa vyatIta hue| usake bAda puSyamitra aura nAhar3a kA rAjyakAla 24 varSa kA rahA / tadanantara / (581+24=605 varSa bAda ) zaka saMvat kI utpatti huii| Age bha0 mahAvIra nirvANa ke 980 varSa pUrNa ho jAne para mahAgiri kI paramparA meM utpanna devadvigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kalpasUtra kI racanA kI / 6. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI. 7. jabaghavalA, bhAga-1, prastAvanA, pR0 23-30. harivaMzapurANa 102 maurya vaMza puSyamitra ( 1 ) balamitra ( 2 ) bhAnumitra (1) naravAhana ( 2 ) gardabhilla (3) zaka ( 1 ) vikramAditya ( 2 ) dharmAditya (3) bhAila 215 - 108 varSa - 30 varSa - 60 varSa - 40 varSa - 13 varSa 4 varSa digambara paramparAnusAra jisa dina ma0 mahAvIra kA parinirvANa huA, usI dina gautama gaNadhara ne kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| gautama ke siddha ho jAne para sudharmA svAmI kevalI hue sudharmA svAmI ke siddha ho jAne para jambUsvAmI antima kevalI hue / ina tInoM kevaliyoM kA kAla 62 varSa hai| unake bAda nandI nandimitra, aparAjila, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca zra utakevalI - 60 varSa 40 varSa - 11 varSa 581 varSa

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hae jinakA samaya 100 varSa hai| unake bAda vizAkha, prAkRta paTTAvalI meM meM udhata ina donoM paramparAoM meM proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhatisena, vijaya, AcAyoM kI kAlagaNanA meM 118 varSa (683-565 = buddhila, gaMgadeva aura sudharma ye gyAraha AcArya kramaza: 118) kA antara dikhAI detA hai| para yaha antara daza pUrvadhArI hue| unakA kAla 18 3 varSa hai / unake ekAdazAMgadhArI AcArAMgadhArI AcAyoM meM hI hai, bAda nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, ghra vasena aura kasa ye pAMca kevalI, zratakevalI aura dazapUrvadhArI AcAryoM meM nhiiN| AcArya gyAraha aMga ke dhArI hue| unakA samaya 220 varSa hai| unake bAda bharata kSetra meM koI bhI AcArya AcArya bhadrabAhu gyAraha aMga kA dhArI nahIM huaa| tadanantara subhadra, yazo AcArya kAlagaNanA kI ukta donoM paramparAoM ko madra, yazobAhu aura loha ye cAra AcArya AcAraMga ke dekhane se yaha spaSTa hai ki jambUsvAmI ke bAda honevAle dhArI hue| ye sabhI AcArya zeSa gyAraha aMga aura yugapradhAna AcAryoM meM bhadrabAha hI eka aise AcArya caudaha pUrva ke ekadeza ke jJAtA the| unakA samaya hae haiM, jinake vyaktitva ko donoM paramparAoM ne eka 118 varSa hotA hai| isa prakAra gautama gaNadhara se svara meM svIkAra kiyA hai / bIca meM honevAle prabhava, lekara lohAcArya paryanta kula kAla kA pariNAma 683 varSa huaa| ahaMbalI Adi AcAryoM kA samaya isa kAla zaSyabhava, yazobhadra aura sabhUtivijaya AcAryoM ke viSaya meM ekamata nhiiN| bhadrabAha ke viSaya meM bhI jo parimANa ke bAda AtA hai / manabheda haiM vaha bahuta adhika nahIM / digambara paramparA bhadrabAha kA kAryakAla 29 varSa mAnatI hai aura unakA (1) tIna kevalI -62 varSa nirvANa mahAvIra nirvANa ke 162 varSa bAda svIkAra (2) pAMca zrutakevalI -100 varSa karatI hai para zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra yaha samaya 170 (3) 11 daza pUrvadhArI -18 3 varSa barSa bAda batAyA jAtA hai aura unakA kAryakAla kula (4) pAMca gyAraha aMga ke dhArI-220 varSa caudaha varSa mAnA jAtA hai| jo bhI ho donoM parampa(5) cAra AcAraMga dhArI -118 varSa rAoM ke bIca ATha varSa kA antarAla koI bahata adhika kula-683 varSa nahIM hai| paramparAnusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu nimittajJAnI nandisaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI kucha bhinna hai| usameM the| unake hI samaya saMghabheda prArambha huA hai / apane upayukta lohAcArya taka kA samaya kula 565 varSa nimittajJAna ke bala para uttara meM honevAle dvAdaza varSIya batAyA hai| pazcAt ekAMgadhArI arhabali, mAdhanandida, duSkAla kA Agamana jAnakara bhadrabAhu ne bAraha hajAra dharasena, bhUtabali, aura puSpadanta ina pAMca AcAryoM kA mani saMgha ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| kAla kramazaH 28, 21, 191 30, aura 20 varSa nidiSTa candragupta maurya bhI unake sAtha the| apanA anta nikaTa hai| isa dRSTi se puSpadanta aura bhUtabalI kA samaya jAnakara unhoMne saMgha ko cola, pANDaya pradezoM kI ora 683 varSa ke hI antargata A jAtA hai| isa prakAra jAne kA Adeza diyA aura svayaM zramaNavelagola meM hI dhavalA Adi granthoM meM ullikhita aura nandisaMgha kI kAlamapra nAmaka pahAr3I para samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka deha 8. dhavalA, AdipurANa tathA zratAvatAra Adi granthoM meM bhI lohAcArya taka ke AcAryoM kA kAla 683 varSa hI diyA gayA hai| 103

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tyAga kiyA / isa Azaya kA chaTI zatI kA eka lekha vArasa aMga viyANaM caudaza pUvvaMga viDalavittharaNaM / punAr3a ke uttarI bhAga meM sthita candragiri pahAr3I para sUyANi bhaddAbAha gamaya gurU bhayavao jayao / / 62 / / upalabdha huA hai / usake sAmane bindhyagiri para ___ bohapAhur3a kI ina donoM gAthAoM se yaha spaSTa hai cAmuNDarAya dvArA sthApita gomaTezvara bAhabali ke 57 hai ki AcArya kundakunda ke samaya taka bhadrabAhu nAma ke phITa U~cI eka bhavya mUrti sthita hai / uttarabhArata meM raha do AcArya ho cuke the / prathama zra takevalI bhadrabAhu jAne vAle sAdhuoM aura kSulakoM meM durbhikSa janya paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa AcAra zaithilya ghara kara gayA aura jinheM kundakunda ne gamakagurU kahA hai aura dvitIya uttarakAla meM yahI ghaTanA saMghabheda kA kAraNa bnii| pari bhadrabAhu jo kundakunda ke sAkSAta gurU the| ye dono vyaktitva pRthaka pRthaka hue haiM anyathA kundakunda donoM ziSTaparvana ke anusAra bhadrabAhu duSkAla samApta hone ke bAda gAthAoM meM bhadrabAha zabda kA prayoga nahIM karate / dakSiNa se magadha vApisa hae aura pazcAt mahAprANa dhyAna karane nepAla cale gaye / isI bIca jaina sAdhu saMgha ne AcAraMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sUryaprajapti, vyavahAra, kalpa anabhyAsavaza bismRta zrata ko kisI prakAra se sthUla- dazAzra taskandha, uttarAdhyAyana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika bhadra ke netatva meM ekAdaza aMgoM kA sakalana kiyA aura aura RSibhASita granthoM para kisI anya bhadrabAha avaziTa dvAdazaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke saMkalana ke lie nepAla nAmaka vidvAna ne niyuktiyA~ likhI haiM. aisI eka parameM avasthita bhadrabAha ke pAsa apane kucha ziSyoM ko bhejA mparA hai| ye niyaMtikAra tatIya bhadrabAha honA cAhie unameM sthUlabhadra hI vahA~ kucha samaya ruka sake jinhoMne jo cheda strakAra bhadrabAha se bhinna rahe hoNge| niyuktiyoM usakA kucha yathAzakya adhyayana kara pAyA / phira bhI meM Aryavaja, AryarakSita, pAdaliptAcArya, kAlikAcArya, dRSTivAda kA saMkalana avaziSTa hI raha gyaa| zivabhUti Adi aneka AcAryoM ke nAmoM ke ullekha milate haiN| ye AcArya nizcita hI ukta prathama aura devasena ke bhAva saMgraha meM bhadrabAhu ke sthAna para dvitIya bhadrabAha se uttarakAla meM hue haiN| zAnti nAmaka kisI anya AcArya kA ullekha hai / bhadrAraka ratnanda ne saMbhabatA devasena aura hariSeNa kI bhadrabAhu ke carita viSayaka bhadrabAhacaritra ke kathAoM ko sambaddha karake bhadrabAhacaritra likhA hai| atirikta ora bhI aneka grantha upalabdha haiM-devAdhiprathama bhadrabAhu kA koI bhI grantha prAmANika taura para kSamAzramaNa kI sthavirAvalI, bhadrezvara sUrI kI kahAnahIM milatA / cheda sUtroM kA kartA unheM avazya kahA vali, titthogAli prakIrNaka, Avazyaka cUrNi, Avazyaka gayA hai para yaha koI sunizcita paramparA nhiiN| para haribhadrIyA vRtti tathA hemacandrasUrI ke triSaSThiza lAkA puruSacarita kA pariziSTaparvan / unameM upalabdha AcArya kundakunda ne bohapAhuDa meM apane guru kA vividha kathAe~ aitihAsika satya ke adhika samIpa nahIM nAma bhadrabAha likhA hai aura una bhadrabAhu ko gamaka gurU lagatI / merutuMgAcArya kI prabandha cintAmaNi aura kahA hai| kUndakunda ke ye gamakagurU nizcita ho thata- rAjezvara sari kA prabandha koSa. bhI isa sambandha meM kevalI bhadrabAhu rahe hoNge| dRSTavya hai| mila sahaviyAro hao bhAsAsutta sU jaM jiNe kahiyaM / prabandhacintA maNi' meM eka kiMvadanti kA ullekha hai so taha kahiyaM NayaM rIseNa ya bhaddabAhussa // 61 ki bhadrabAhu barAhamihira ke sahodara the / brAhmaNa parivAra 9. prabandhacintAmaNi, saM. muni jinavijaya, siMghI jaina sIrija prakAza 5,5-118.

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meM utpanna ye donoM bhAI kuzala nimittavettA the| ina bhadrabAha saMhitA Adi granthoM kI racanA tathA naimittika donoM bhAiyoM meM bhadrabAha ne jaina dIkSA le lI para barAha hone kA kataI ullekha nahIM / ata: cheda sUtrakAra bhadrabAha mihira ne svadharma parityAga nahIM kiyA / barAhamihira tathA niyaktikAra bhadrabAha donoM kA vyaktitva nizcita ke putra ke sandarbha meM bhadrabAhu kA nimittajJAna barAha- hI pRthaka pRthaka rahA hogaa| barAhamihira ne apanI mihira kI apekSA prabala nikalaphalataH barAhamihira paMca siddhAMtikA zaka saMvata 427 (I. 505) meM jainoM se dveSa karane lge| isa dvaSabhAva ke pariNAma samApta kI thii| ataH tRtIya bhadrabAhu kA bhI yahI samaya svarUpa barAhamihira kAlakavalita hone para vyantara nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jAti ke deva hae aura jainoM para ghanaghora upasarga karane lge| ina upasargoM ko dUra karane ke lie bhadrabAhu ne prazna hai, barAhamihira ke bhrAtA bhadrabAhu ne prastuta upasaggaharastotra likhA / prabandhakoSa meM isase bhinna bhadrabAhu saMhitA kI racanA kI yA nahIM ? hameM aisA anya kathA kA ullekha hai / tadanusAra barAhamihira aura lagatA hai ki barAhamihira kI vRhatsaMhitA ke samakakSa bhadrabAhu donoM ne jaina munibrata grahaNa kie / inameM bhadra meM koI anya jana saMhitA rakhane kI dRSTi se kisI bAhu caturdaza pUrvajJAna ke dhArI the / jinhoMne niyuktiyoM digambara jaina lekhaka ne zru takevalI bhadrabAhu ko sarvA- . tathA bhadrabAhasaMhitA jaise granthoM kI racanA kii| parantu dhika zreSTha evaM upayogI AcArya samajha aura unhIM ke svabhAva se uddhata hone ke kAraNa AcArya barAhamihira ke nAma para eka sahinA grantha kI racanA kara dii| ko jaina muni dIkSA tyAgakara pUnaH vrAhmaNabrata dhAraNa vRhatsaMhitA kA vizAla sAMskRtika koSa, viSada nirUpaNa karanA pdd'aa| isI ke pazcAta unhoMne vRhatsaMhitA likhI udAtta kavitva zakti, sUkSma nirIkSaNa aura agAdha vidvatA Adi jaisI vizeSatAe~ bhadrabAha saMhitA meM yahA yaha ullekhanIya hai ki prabandhakoSa ke pUrvavartI anya kisI grantha meM bhadrabAhu ko bhadrabAha saMhitAkAra athavA dikhAI nahIM detiiN| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki bhadrabAhu barAhamihira kA sahodara nahIM batAyA gyaa| prabandhakoSA0 saMhitAkAra ne hI vRhatsaMhitA kA AdhAra liyA hogaa| meM bhI isI se milatI julatI ghaTanAkA ullekha milatA "bhadrabAhuvano yathA" Adi zabdoM se bhI yahI bAta spaSTa hotI hai / bhadrabAhu saMhitA meM chandobhaMga, byAkaraNa doSa, pUrvApara virodha, vastu varNana zaithilya', kramabaddhatA kA parampa ra barAhamihira ke sahodara bhadrabAha abhAva, prabhAvahIna nirUpaNa ityAdi aneka akSamya doSa ne hI upayukta niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI hai / jina bhI ukta kathana kI puSTi karate haiN| granthoM meM zra takevalI bhadrabAhu kA caritra citraNa milatA hai| unameM dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla, nepalA, prayANa, mahAprANa sva. paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, DaoN. gopANI kA dhyAna kA ArAdhana, sthUlabhadra kI zikSA cheda sUtroM kI anusaraNa karate hue bhadrabAha saMhitA ko idhara-udhara kA racanA Adi kA varNana to milatA hai parantu barAha- ber3hegA saMgraha mAnate haiM jise 16-17 vIM zatI meM saMkamihira kA bhAI honA, niyuktiyoM, upasaggaharastotra tathA lita kiyA gayA thaa| yaha ThIka nahIM kyoMki 16-17 vIM 10. prabandhakoza-saM. muni jinavijaya siMghI jaina sIrija. 1.2 11. bhadrabAhu saMhitA, saM.-e. esa. gopANI, puSpikA, pR. 70 12. vahI, prAkkathana, pa. 3-4 105

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zatI taka kA sAMskRtika athavA aitihAsika koI (1) cAturvarNya vyavasthA tathA varNasaMkara kA ullekha pramANa isameM nahIM milatA jisake AdhAra para mukhtAra bha0 sa0 meM aneka sthAnoM para vikasita avasthA meM huA sAhaba ke mata ko samarthana diyA jA ske| muni jina- hai| jaina saMskRti meM cAturvarNya vyavasthA jinasena dvArA vijaya ne yaha samaya 11-12vIM zatI nizcita kiyA kI gaI jisakA paripoSaka rUpa somadeva ke granthoM meM haiN| yaha mata kahIM adhika upayukta jAna par3atA hai| milatA hai| vaise grantha ke anta pramANoM ke AdhAra para isa samaya ko bhI eka do zatAbdI Age kiyA jA sakatA hai| (2) ariSToM ke varNana ke prasaMga meM durgAcArya aura elAcArya kA ullekha hai / dargAcArya kA grantha riSTa samuccaya kA racanAkAla 1032 I. hai| / kucheka varSoM pUrva bhAratIya jJAnapITha se DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI dvArA sampAdita evaM anuvAdita bhadrabAhu saMhitA (3) candra, varuNa, rudra, indra, baladeva, pradyumna, kA prakAzana haA thaa| usakI prastAvanA meM DaoN. zAstrI sarya, lakSmI, bhadrakAlI, indrANI. dhanvantari, parazarAma, ne eka sthAna para bhadrabAhu ko barAhamihira se prabhAvita rAmacandra' tulasA, gar3a, bhUta, arhanta, varuNa, rudra, sUrya batAyA / dUsare sthAna para unhoMne likhA ki kucha viSayoM zakra, droNa, indra, agni, vAya, samadra, vizvakarmA, prajAkA varNana barAhamihira se bhI adhika bhadrabAhu saMhitA pati, pArvatI, rati Adi kI pratimAoM kA varNana isa meM milatA hai aura yahI navInatA prAcInatA kI poSikA grantha meM hai| ina sabhI ke rUpa 12vIM zatI taka vikahai / phalataH bhadrabAhu barAhamihira ke pUrvavartI ho sakate sita ho cuke the| haiM aura anta meM DaoN. zAstrI ne isa kRti kA samaya 8-9 vIM zatI bhI batA diyaa| ina tIna matoM meM kauna (4) bhadrabAhu vaco yathA (I. 64), yathAvadanusA mata unakA mAnA jAya, nizcita nahIM kiyA jA pUrvazaH (91) Adi jaise vAkyoM kA prayoga milatA sktaa| lagatA hai, ve svayaM isa samaya kI paridhi ko hai| isase spaSTa hai ki bha. saM. kI racanA zratakevalI nizcita nahIM kara paaye| bhadrabAha ne to nahIM kii| unake anusAra anya kisI bhadrabAha ne kI ho athavA unake nAma para kisI yadvA . isa sandarbha meM merA apanA mata hai ki bhadrabAhu tadvA vidrAna ne| 11-12 vIM zatI ke honA cAhie, jo na to zratakevalI bhadrabAhu haiM, na kunda kunda ke sAkSAta gurU aura na hI (5) bhaugolika aura rAjanItika varNana / niyuktikAra bhadrabAha / inake atirikta anya koI (6) vRhatsaMhitA kI apekSA viSaya varNana meM caturtha bhadrabAhu hI honA cAhie, kyoMki niyuktikAra nviintaa| bhadrabAhu kI bhASA prAyaH zuddha aura samIcIna jAna par3atI hai jabaki prastuta grantha isa dRSTi se aspaSTa tathA ina sabhI pramANoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhadrabAhu vyAkaraNa doSo se paripUrNa hai| saMhitA kI racanA 11-12 vIM zatI se pUrvavartI nahIM honA cAhie / mUla grantha prAkRta meM rahA ho yaha bhI bhadrabAhu saMhitA kI racanA 12-13 vIM zatI kI samIcIna nahIM jAna pdd'taa| bauddha sAhitya kI zreNI meM hai / isa mata ke samarthana meM nimnalikhita pramANa prastuta ise nahIM rakhA jA sakatA kyoMki prAkRta ke rUpa kiye jA sakate haiM itane adhika bha0 saM0 meM nahIM milate / ataH isa grantha 106

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kI uparitama sImA 12-13vIM zatI mAnI jAnI anuyAyiyoM meM paraspara viSAda aura kalaha ho rahA hai| caahie| ye eka dUsare kI bAtoM ko galata siddha kara rahe haiN| budhda ne isakA kAraNa batAga ki nigaNThoM ke tIrthakara saMgha bheda nigaNTanAtaputta na to sarvajJa haiM aura na TIka taraha se unhoMne dharmadezanA dI hai| aTaThakathA meM isakA vizleprAyaH hara tIrtha kara athavA mahApuruSa ke parinirvata SaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nigaNThanAtaputta ne apane athavA dehAvasAna ho jAne ke bAda usake saMgha athavA apane siddhAMtoM kI nirarthakatA ko samajha kara apane anuyAyiyoM meM matabheda paidA ho jAte haiM / isa matabheda anuyAyiyoM se kahA thA ki ve budhda ke siddhAMtoM ko ke mUla kAraNa Arthika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika svIkAra karaleM / Age vahAM batAyA gayA hai ki unhoMne paristhitiyoM ke parivartita rUpa huA karate haiN| matabheda antima samaya meM eka ziSya ko zAzvatabAda kI zikSA kI goda meM vikAsa nihita hotA hai jise jAgRti kA dI aura dUsaroM ko ucchedavAda kii| phalataH ve donoM pratIka kahA jA sakatA hai / pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra paraspara saMgharSa karane lge| saMghabheda kA mUla kAraNa ke saMgha meM bhI unake nirvANa meM bAda matabheda utpanna yahI hai / , honA Arambha ho gayA thaa| usa matabheda ke pIche bhI Arthika aura sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke badalate hue ukta udhdaraNa kahAM taka sahI hai, kahA nahIM jA rUpa the| sakatA para yaha avazya hai ki zAsana bheda nigaNThanAta patta ke parinirvANa ke bAda kisI na kisI aMza meM isa prakAra mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda unakA prArambha ho gayA thaa| saMgha antima rUpa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayAdigambara aura zvetAmbara / saMghabheda ke saMdarbha meM donoM isa zAsanabheda ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM ninhava sampradAyoM meM apanI apanI paramparAeM haiM / digambara kahA gayA hai| unakI saMkhyA sAta batAI gayI hai| sampradAya pUrNataH acelatvaya ko svIkAra karatA hai para jAmAli, tiSyagapta, ASAr3ha, vizvamitra, gaMga, roha. zvetAmbara sampradAya savastra avasthA ko bhI mAnyatA gupta aura goSThAmAhila / ninhava kA tAtparya hai--kisI pradAna karatA hai| donoM paramparAoM kA adhyayana karane vizeSa dRSTikoNa se Agamika paramparA se viparIta se yaha paSTa hai ki matabheda kA mUla kAraNa vastra thaa| artha prastuta karanevAlA / yaha yahAM dRSTavya hai ki pratyeka ninhava jainAgamika paramparA ke kisI eka pakSa ko pAli sAhitya se patA calatA hai ki nigaNTha nAta- asvIkAra karatA hai aura zeSa pakSoM ko svIkAra karatA patta ke parivartana ke bAda hI saMghabheda ke bIja prArambha hai ata: vaha jaina dharma ke hI antargata apanA eka pRthaka ho cuke the| Ananda ne buddha ko cunda kA samAcAra mata sthApita karatA hai| ye sAtoM ninhava saMkSepataH isa diyA thA ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke uparAnta unake prakAra haiM / 13. mAjjhimanikAya bhA. 2. pR.-243 (ro.); dIghanikAya mA. 3- 1. 117, 120 {ro.) 14. dIdhanikAya bhA. 3, pR. 121. 15. dIdhanikAya : aTThakathA bhA-2, pR. 996 107

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1. prathama ninhava-(jAmAli); bahurata siddhAnta : 3. tRtIya ninhava-(ASAr3ha AcArya); avyakta mata jAmAli bha. mahAvIra kA ziSya thaa| zrAvastI zvetAvikA nagarI meM ASAr3ha nAmaka eka AcArya meM usane apane ziSya se eka bAra bistara lagAne ke the| ve akasmAta marakara deva hue aura pUnaH mRta zarIra liye khaa| ziSya ne kahA- vistara laga gye| meM Akara upadeza dene lage / yoga sAdhanA samApta hone jAmAli ne jAkara jaba dekhA ki abhI vistara laga rahA para unhoMne apane ziSyoM se kahA-"maine asaMyamI hai to use mahAvIra kA kahA haA "kiyamANaM kRta", hote hue bhI Apa logoM se Aja taka bandanA karAI (kiyA jAne vAlA kara diyA gayA) vacana asatya pratIta zramaNo, mujhe kSamA karanA / " itanA kahakara ve cale gaye haa| tava usane usa sidhdAMta ke sthAna para barahuta taba ziSya kahane lage-kauna sAdhu bandanIya hai, kauna siddhAMta kI sthApanA kI jisakA tAtparya hai ki koI bhI nahIM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ata: kisI kI bhI kriyA eka samaya meM na hokara aneka samaya meM hotI hai vandanA nahI karanI cAhie / vyavahAra naya ko na samamRdAnayana Adi se ghaTa kA prArambha hotA hai para ghaTa jhane ke kAraNa yaha ninhava paidA huaa|18 to anta meM hI dikhAI detA hai / yaha Rju sUtranaya kA 4.catartha nindrava-(kauNDiNya); sAmucchedaka: viSaya hai jise jAmAli ne nahIM smjhaa| ___ kauNDiNya kA ziSya azvamitra mithalA nagarI meM 2. dvitIya ninhava-(tiSyagupta); jIvaprAdezika anupravAda nAmaka pUrva kA adhyayana kara rahA thA / usameM siddhAMta eka sthAna para prasaMga AyA ki vartamAna kAlIna nAraka vicchinna ho jAyege dvitIyAdi samaya ke nAraka bhI tiSyagupta vasu kA ziSya thaa| eka samaya RSabhapura / vicchinna ho jaayege| ataH usake mana meM AyA ki meM Atma pravAda para carcA cala rahI thii| prazna thA-kyA utpanna hote ho jaba jIva naSTa ho jAtA hai to karma kA jIva ke eka pradeza ko jIva kaha sakate haiN| bhagavAna phala kaba bhogatA hai| yaha kSaNabhaMvAda paryAyanaya ko mahAvIra ne uttara diyaa-nhiiN| na mAnane ke kAraNa utpanna haa| ise samucchedaka nAma / yukta hone para hI 'jIva' kahA jaaygaa| diyA gayA haiN| isakA artha hai-- janma hote hI atyanta taba tiSyagupta ne kahA ki jisa pradeza ke kAraNa vaha vinAza ho jAtA haiN| jIva nahIM kahalAyegA / usI carama pradeza ko jIva kyoM 5. paJcama ninhava-dvikriyA (gaMga) nahIM kahA jAtA, yahI usakA jIva prAdezika mata hai| evaMbhUtanaya na samajhane ke kAraNa hI usane yaha mata dhanagupta kA ziSya gaMga eka bAra zaradaRtu meM sthApita kiyA / ulukAtIra nAmaka nagara se AcArya kI vandanA karane - A . sarapaNaM praTekA ae 16. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 2308-32. 17. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA-2333-2355. 18. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, mAthA-2356-2388. 19. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA,-2389-2433.

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ke lie nikalA mArga meM usane garmI aura ThaNDa donoM kA kahA ki sAdhu ke mArga meM aneka anartha utpanna karane vAle anubhava eka sAtha kiyA / taba usane yaha mata pratipA- isa kambala ko grahaNa karanA ucita nahIM / para zivabhUti dita kiyA ki eka samaya meM do kriyAoM kA anubhava ko usa kambala meM Asakti utpanna ho gaI thii| yaha ho sakatA hai| nadI meM calane para Upara kI sUrya uSNatA samajhakara AyaMkRSNa ne zivabhUti kI anupasthiti meM usa aura nadI kI zItalatA, donoM kA anubhava hotA hai| ke pAdaprocchanaka banA diye / yaha dekhakara zivabhUti ko gaMga ne apane dvikriyA mata kI sthApanA krlii| tathya kaSAya utpanna ho gaI / eka samaya AryakRSNa jinakAlpiyoM yaha yaha hai ki mana kI sUkSmatA ke kAraNa yaha bhAna nahIM kA varNana kara rahe the aura kaha rahe the ki upayukta saMhanana hotA kriyA kA vedana to kramazaH hI hotA hai| Adi ke abhAva hone se usakA pAlana sambhava nahIM / zivabhUti ne kahA-'mere rahate hae kaise ho sakatA hai / 6. SaSTha ninhava-rAzika (rohagupta) yaha kaha kara abhinivezavaza nirvastra hokara yaha mata __eka bAra antaraMjikA nagarI meM rohagupta apane sthApita kiyA ki vastra kaSa ya kA kAraNa hone se parigurU kI bandanA karane jA rahA thaa| mArga meM use aneka graha rUpa hai ataH tyAjya hai| pravAdI gile jinhaiM usane parAjita kiyaa| apane vAda ye ninhava kisI abhiniveza ke kAraNa Agamika sthApana kAla meM usane jIva aura ajIva ke sAtha hI paramparA se viparIta artha prastuta karane vAle hote haiM / nojIva kI bhI sthApanA kI gahakikilAdi kI usane prathama ninhava mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI unakI 'nojIva' btlaayaa| samAbhisDha naya ko na samajhane ke jJAnotpatti ke caudaha varSa bAda haa| isake do varSa kAraNa usane isa mata kI sthApanA kI ise mairAzika bAda hI dvitIya ninhava huaa| zeSa ninhava mahAvIra ke kahA gayA hai| ke nirvANa hone para kramaza: 214,220, 218, 544, 7. saptama ninhava-abadhda (goSThAmAhila) 584, ora 609 varSa vAda utpanna hue| siddhAnta bheda se prathama sAta ninhavoM kA ullekha milatA hai / para jinaeka bAra dazapura nagara meM goSThAmAhila karmapravAda bhadra ne vizeSyAvazyaka bhASya meM eka aura ninhava joDa paDha rahA thA usameM AyA ki karma kevala jIva kA sparza kara unakI saMkhyA 8 krdii| isI aSTama ninhava ko karake alaga ho jAtA haiN| isa para usane siddhAnta digambara kahA gayA hai| Azcarya kI bAta hai, ina nibanAyA ki jIva aura karma abaddha rahate haiM / unakA bandha havoM ke viSaya meM digambara sAhitya bilakula mauna hai| hI nahIM hotA vyavahAranaya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa hI prathama sAta ninhavoM ke kAraNa kisI sampradAya vizeSa kI goSThAmAhila ne yaha mata prasthApita kiyaa| utpatti nahIM hii| ThANAMGga sUtra (587) meM kevala sAta ninhavoM kA ullekha haiM para Avazyakaniyukti 8. aSTama ninhava-boTika- (zivabhUti) (gAthA-779-783) meM sthAna kAla kA ullekha karate rathavIrapura nAmaka nagara meM zivabhUti nAmaka sAdhu samaya ATha ninhavoM kA aura upasaMhAra karate samaya mAtra rahatA thaa| vahAM ke rAjA ne eka bAra eka bahumUlya ratna sAta ninhavo kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha kaMbala bheMTa kiyaa| zivabhUti ke gurU AryakRSNa ne spaSTa hai ki jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne hI sarvaprathama 20. evaM ee kahiA osappiNie u niShayA santa / vIra varassa pavayaNe saMsANaM pavayaNe natthi 178411 106

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aSTama ninhava ke rUpa meM digambara mata kI utpatti kI muniyoM-nirgranthoM ko bhI rAtri bhojana prArambha karanA kalpanA kI haiN| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki upayukta pdd'aa| eka bAra aMdhakAra meM bhikSA kI khoja meM nikale saMhananAdi kA abhAva hone se jinakalpa kA dhAraNa nirgrantha ko dekhakara bhaya se eka gabhiNI kA garbhapAta karanA aba zakya nhiiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara ho gyaa| isa ghaTanA ke mUla kAraNa ko dUra karane ke sampradAya kI utpatti arvAcIna nahIM, prAcInatara hai| liye zrAvakoM ne muniyoM ko "ardhaphalaka' (ardhavasyaRSabhadeva ne jinakalpa kI hI sthApanA kI thI aura khaNDa) dhAraNa karane ke liye nivedana kiyA / sabhikSa vaha avicchinnarUpa se zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anusAra ho jAne para rAmilla, sthavira sthala aura bhadrAcArya ne bhI jambUsvAmI taka calA aayaa| bAda meM usakA to munivrata dhAraNa kara liye para jinheM vaha anukUla viccheda hua / zivabhUti ne usakI puna: sthApanA kii| nahIM lagA, unhoMne jinakalpa ke sthAna para ardhaphalaka ataH jinakalpa ko ninhava kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ! sampradAya kI sthApanA kara lii| uttarakAsA meM isI aura phira boTika kA sambandha digambara sampradAya se ardhaphalaka sampradAya se kAmbala sampradAya, phira yApanIya kaise liyA jAya, isakA spaSTIkaraNa zvetAmbara sAhitya saMgha aura bAda meM ibetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti hii| meM nahIM miltaa| sambhava hai, boTika nAma kA koI pRthaka sampradAya hI rahA hogA jisakA adhika samaya taka devasena ke 'darzanasAra' (vi. saM. 999) meM astitva nahIM raha skaa| etat sambandhI kathA isa prakAra milatI hai zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti vikramAdhipati kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa bAda saurASTa deza ke balabhIpUra meM zvetAmbara saMdha kI utpatti hii| digambara sAhitya meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti ke viSaya meM jo kathAnaka milate haiM be isa prakAra isa saMgha kI utpatti meM mUla kAraNa bhadrabAhugaNi ke AcArya zAnti ke ziSya jinacandra nAmaka eka zithi lAcArI sAdhu thaa| usane strI-mokSa, kavalAhAra, sava. hariSeNa ke vRhatkathAkoza (zaka saMvat 853) stra mukti, mahAvIra kA garbha parivartana Adi jaise mata meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki govardhana ke ziSya zruta- prasthApita kiye the / / kevalI bhadrabAha ne ujjayinI meM dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ko nikaTa bhaviSya meM jAnakara muni vizAkhAcArya (candra- darzanasAra meM vyakta ye mata ni sandeha zvetAmbara gupta maurya) ke netRtva meM munisaMgha ko dakSiNApathavartI sampradAya se sambaddha haiN| unake saMsthApaka to nahIM, punAra nagara bheja diyA aura svayaM bhAdrapada deza meM jAkara prabala poSaka koI jinacandra nAmaka AcArya hue hoNge| samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka zarIra tyAga diyaa| idhara duSkAla para cUki AcArya zAnti aura unake ziSya jinacandra kI samApti ho jAne para vizAkhAcArya sasaMgha vApasa A kA astitva devasena ke pUrva nahIM milatA ata: ye jinacandra 'gye| saMgha meM se rAmilla, sthavira sthUla aura bhadrAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (saptama zatI) honA caahiye| sindhu deza kI ora cale gaye the| vahA~ durbhikSa pIr3itoM unhoMne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM ukta matoM kA bharapara ke kAraNa loga rAtri meM bhojana karate the| phalataH samarthana kiyA hai| 21. darzanasAra-11-14.

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eka anya devasena ne bhAvasaMgraha meM bhI zvetAmbara pratikRti meM dikhAI detA hai| vahA~ eka sAdhU 'kaNha' saMgha kI utpatti isI prakAra batAyI hai| thor3A-sA jo bAyeM hAtha se vastrakhaNDa ke madhya bhAga ko pakar3akara bhI antara hai, vaha yaha hai ki yahA~ zAnti nAmaka AcArya nagnatA ko chipAne kA yatna kara rahA hai| haribhadra ke saurASTra dezIya bala bhI nagara apane ziSyoM sahita pahace sambodhaprakaraNa se bhI zvetAmbara sampradAya ke isa pUrva para vahA~ bhI duSkAla kA prakopa ho gyaa| phalataH sAdhu- rUpa para prakAza par3atA hai| kucha samaya bAda usI vastra varga yatheccha bhojanadi karane lgaa| duSkAla samApta ho ko kamara meM dhAge se ba dha diyA jAne lgaa| yaha rUpa jAne para zAnti AcArya ne unase isa vRtti ko chor3ane ke mathurA meM prApta eka AyAgapaTTa para uTaiMkita rUpa se lie kahA para use unhoMne svIkAra nahIM kiyA / taba milatA-julatA hai / isa vikAsa kA samaya prathama zabtAdi AcArya ne unheM bahuta smjhaayaa| unakI bAta para kisI ke Asa pAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai| ziSya ko krodha AyA aura usane gurU ko apane dIrgha Upara ke kathAnakoM se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki digambara daNDa se sira para prahAra kara unheM svarga loka pahU~cAyA aura svayaM saMgha kA netA bana gyaa| usI ne savastra aura zvetAmbara sampradAya ke bIca vibhedaka rekhA khIMcane mukti kA upadeza diyA aura zvetAmbara saMgha kI sthA kA uttaradAyitva vastra kI asvIkRti aura svIkRti para panA kI / 22 hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kezI aura gautama ke bIca hue saMvAda kA ullekha hai| kezI pArzvanAtha paramparA ke bhaTTAraka ratnanandi kA eka bhadrabAhucaritra milatA anuyAyI haiM aura gautama mahAvIra paramparA ke / pArzvahai, jisameM unhoMne kucha parivartana ke sAtha isa ghaTanA kA nAtha ne santaruttara (sAntarottara) kA upadeza diyA aura ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki durbhikSa par3ane para mahAvIra ne acelakatA kaa| ina donoM zabdoM ke artha bhadrabAhu sasaMgha dakSiNa gye| para rAmalya, sthUlAcArya kI ora hamArA dhyAna zrI.paM. kailAzacandrajI zAstrI Adi muni ujjayinI meM hI raha gaye / kAlAntara meM saMgha ne AkarSita kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki uttarAmeM vyApta zithilAcArya ko chor3ane ke lie jaba sthUlA- dhyayana kI TIkAoM meM sAntottara kA artha mahAmalyacArya ne mAra ddaalaa| una zithilAcArI sAdhuoM se hI vAna aura aparimita vastra (sAntara-pramANa aura varga bAda meM ardha phalaka aura zvetAmbara saMgha kI sthApanA meM viziSTa, tathA uttara-pradhAna) kiyA gayA hai aura usI ke anurUpa acela kA artha vastrabhAva ke sthAna meM kramaza: kutsitacela, alpacela, aura amUlyacela milatA hai / ina kathAnakoM se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA kintu AcAraMga sUtra 209 meM Aye 'saMtaruttara' zabda kA hai ki bhadrabAhu kI paramparA digambara sampradAya se aura sthalabhadra kI paraMparA zvetAmbara sampradAya se jur3I haI __ artha dRSTavya hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki tIna vastradhArI sAdhu kA kartavya hai ki vaha jaba zIta Rtu vyatIta ho hai| yaha zvetAmbara sampradAya ardhaphalaka saMgha kA hI jAya jAya aura grISma Rtu A jAye aura vastra yadi jIrNa vikasita rUpa hai| na hue hoM to kahIM rakha de athavA sAntarottara ho jaaye| ___ ardhaphalaka sampradAya kA yaha rUpa mathurA kaMkAlI zIlAMka ne sAntarottara kA artha kiyA hai-sAntara hai TIle se prApta zilApaTTa meM aMkita eka jaina sAdhu kI uttara or3hanA jisakA arthAt, jo AvazyakatA hone para 2 . mAvasa graha-gA. 53-70,

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} vastra kA upayoga kara letA hai anyathA use pAsa rakhe rahatA hai| kezI aura gautama ke saMvAda " meM Aye hue sAntarottara kA tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki pArzvanAtha paramparA ke sAdhu acelaka to the para AvazyakatA par3ane para ve vastra bhI dhAraNa kara lete the jabaki mahAvIra ke dharma meM sAdhu pUrNataH acelaka avasthA meM rahatA thaa| sAdhu sacelaka vahI ho sakatA thA jo acelaka hone meM asamartha rahatA thaa| pAli sAhitya meM nimgaNDa sAdhuoM ko jo 'ekasATakA' kahA gayA hai vaha bhI hamAre mata kA poSaNa karatA hai / 20 pArzvanAtha paramparA meM mahAvIra ke samaya taka usameM cAritrika patana ho gayA thA / isalie usa paramparA ke anuyAyI sAdhuoM ko 'pAsAvajjiya ( pAzrvApatyIya ) baghavA 'pAsajja' (pArzvastha ) kahA jAne lagA / pAsajja kA tAtparya hai karma se ba~dhA huA sAdhu / yaha zabda itanA adhika pracalita ho gayA ki caritra se patita sAdhu kA vaha paryAyavAcI bana gayA 126 sUtrakRtAMga meM pArzvastha sAdhuoM ko anAyeM, bAla, jinazAsana se vimukha evaM striyoM meM Asakta kahA gayA hai / " bhagavatI ArAdhanA (gAthA 1300 Adi meM bhI pArzvastha sAdhuoM kA caritra citraNa isI prakAra kiyA gayA hai / 1 isakA mUla kAraNa hai ki pArzva paramparA meM brahmacarya vrata ko aparigraha vrata meM sammilita kara diyA gayA thA / 'paJcAzaka vivaraNa' meM kahA gayA hai ki prathama aura antima tIrthakaroM ke anuyAyI mAdhu svabhAvataH kaThina aura vakrajar3a hote the| isalie unheM alAva sthA kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka batAyA gayA jabaki bIca ke bAIsa tIrtha karoM ke anuyAyI sAdhu svabhAvataH sarala aura buddhimAna the, ataH unheM AvazyakatA par3ane para sacelAvasthA ko bhI vihita banA diyA gayA 128 zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhI sAdhu ko aparigrahI honA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai 129 AcAraMgasUtra etadarthaM dvaSTavya hai / usameM acelaka sAdhu kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai aura use vastrAdi se nizcinta batAyA gayA hai 1 30 ThANAMga (sUtra 171 ) meM vastra dhAraNa karane ke tIna kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai-lajjA nivAraNa, glAni nivAraNa aura pariSaha nivAraNa | Age pA~ca kAraNoM se acetAvasthA kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai-pratilekhanA kI alpatA, lAghavatA, vizvastarUpatA, tapazIlatA aura indriya nigrahatA / " aura bhI anya AgamoM meM acelAvasthA ko prazasta mAnA gayA hai / mAtra asamarthatA hone para hI vastra grahaNa karane kI anujJa dI gaI hai| 23. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA - 397-98. 24. uttarAdhyayana, 23-29-33. 25. tatridaM bhante, pUraNena kassapena lohitAbhijAtipaJcatA, nimgaNThA ekasATakA, aguttaranikAya 6-6-3. 26. sUtrakRtAMga - 1-1-2-5 vRtti; 27. sUtrakRtAMga -- 3-4-3 vRtti.. 28. paJcAzaka vivaraNa 17-8-10; 29. AcAraMga-5, 150-152. 30. AvAraMgasUtra- 182. 31. ThANAMgasUtra-5 112

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kAlAntara meM vastragrahaNa kI pravRtti bar3hatI gaI aura usI ke sAtha AgamoM kI TIkAoM aura ghRNiyoM Adi meM acelakatA ke artha meM parivartana kiyA jAne lgaa| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke kAla taka sthiti bilakula badala gii| phalataH unheM AcAra ke do rUpa karanA par3e- jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa jinakalparUpa acelakatA kA pratipAdaka banA tathA sthavirakalpa sacelakatA kA / jambUsvAmI ke mokSa jAne ke bAda jinakarUpa ko vicchinna batA diyA gyaa| vRhatkarUpasUtra aura vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ( gAthA 2598-2601 ) meM isakA vizeSa vivecana milatA hai / vahA~ acela ke do bheda kara diye gaye haiMsaMtAcela aura asaMtAcela / saMtAcela (vastra rahate hue bhI acela) jinakalpI Adi sabhI prakAra ke sAdhu kaha lAte haiM aura asamtAcala ke antargata mAtra tIrthaMkara Ate haiM / uttarakAla meM isa prakAra ke artha karane kI pravRtti aura bhI bar3hatI gii| haribhadrasUri ne dazarvakAlika sUtra meM Aye zabda nagna kA artha upacaritanagna aura nirUpacaritanagna kiyA hai / kucelavAn sAdhu ko upacaritanagna aura jinakalpI sAdhu ko nirUpacarita nagna kahA gayA hai / " bAda meM acela kA artha alpamUlyacela bhI kiyA gayA hai| siddhasenamaNi ne bhI dasakalpoM meM Aye AcelakSya kalpa kA artha yahI kiyA gayA hai| dhIre-dhIre sAdhu bastiyoM meM rahane lage, kazvivastra ke sthAna para pulapaTTa kA prayoga hone lagA aura upakaraNoM meM vRdhdi ho gaI / lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara sampradAya meM yaha vikAsa ho cukA thaa| ukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki zithilAcAra kI pRSThabhUmi meM saMbabheda ke bIja jambUsvAmI ke bAda se hI 32. dazavekAlika sUtra, gAthA - 64 caNi 33 tatvArtha sUtra - 99, upAdhyA -- prArambha ho gaye the jo bhadravAha ke kAla meM durbhikSa kI samApti para kucha adhika ubharakara sAmane aaye| 'pari ziSTa parvana' (9.55.76) tathA titthogAlI pannaya ( gA0 730-33) ke anusAra bhI pATaliputra meM huI prathama vAcanA kAla meM saMghabheda prArambha ho gayA thA / yaha vAcanA madrabAhu kI anupasthiti meM huI thii| isI ke phalasvarUpa donoM paramparAoM kI gurvAvaliyoM meM bhI antara A gayA / yaha svAbhAvika bhI thA / uttarakAla meM isa antara ne AcAra-vicAra kSetra ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA aura devadhirANi kSamAzramaNa ke kAla taka digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAyeM sadaiva ke liye eka-dUsare se pRthaka ho gii| bhadrabAhu ke samaya taka bauddhadharma ke madhyamamArga kA pracAra apane pUre jora para thaa| jaina saMgha ke AcAra zaithilya meM vaha vizeSa kAraNa bnaa| vicAroM meM bhI parivartana huA jo vibhinna vAcanAoM ke bIca hue saMvAdoM se jJAta hotI hai| yahA~ vastra aura pAtra ke rakhane ke taraha-taraha se vidhAna bne| mahAvIra bhagavAna ke sAtha devasya vastra kI kalpanA kA sambandha bhI aise hI vidhAnoM se rahA hogA / itanA hI nahIM, prathama aura antima tIrthakaroM kA dharma acelaka kahA gayA tathA zeSa bAIsa tIrthakaroM ko acelaka aura sacelaka donoM mAnA gayA / Alavako dhammo pustrisma ya. pacchimassa jiNassa 1 majjhimagANa jiNANa hoi saceto atha paMcAzaka acelo // AcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM zIlAMka ne acelaka kA jinakalpa kA aura mamelaka ko sthavirakalya kA AdhAra batAya hai| isa mata meM dRr3hatA lAne ke liye eSaNA samiti meM vastra aura pAtra eSaNA ko sammilita kiyA 113

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gyaa| pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ko sacela batAne ke lie kezI - gautama saMvAda ko jor3A gayA / strImukti, savastramukti, kevalimukti Adi sambandhI vAkya bhI antarmukta kara diye gye| jinadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ne to antarmukti ke lopa kI bhI bAta kara dI / (vizeSAvazyaka asya, 2593 gA.) paM. becaradAsa dosI ne aise hI kathanoM yA ullekhoM kI bhartsanA kI hai / ( jaina sAhityamA vikAra thalAthalI, hati, pR. 103 ) isI prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ne saMgha aura sampradAya ko janma diyA / digambara saMgha aura sampradAya digambara paramparA saMghabheda ke bAda aneka zAkhAprazAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gii| vIra nirvANa se 683 varSa taka calI AyI lohAcArya taka kI paramparA meM gaNa, kula, saMgha Adi kI sthApanA nahIM huI thii| usake bAda aMga pUrva ke ekadeza ke jJAtAcAra ArAtIya muni hue / unameM AcAya zivagupta athavA arhadabalI se navIna saMdha aura gaNoM kI utpatti huI / mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga ina 700 vaSoM meM AcAra-vicAra meM paryApta parivartana ho cukA thaa| samAja kA Arthika, sAmAjika rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika DhAMcA badala cukA thA / zithilAcAra kI pravRtti bar3hane lagI thI / isI kAraNa naye-naye saMdha aura sampradAya khar3e ho gaye / kadamba evaM gaMgavaMzI lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki samUce digambara saMgha ko nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha kahA jAtA thA / kAlAntara meM jaba zithilAcAra bar3hane lagA to usakI vizuddhi ke lie naye-naye Andolana prArambha ho gaye / bhaTTAraka yugIna saMgha to isa zithilAcAra kA bahuta adhika zikAra huA / phalasvarUpa vibhinna saMghasampradAya bana gaye / ina saMgha sampradAyoM meM matabheda kA vizeSa AdhAra AcAra-prakriyA thI / vicAroM meM bheda adhika nahIM A pAyA / banoM meM nivAsa karane vAle muni nagara kI ora Ane lage, mandiroM aura caityoM meM nivAsa karane lage / lagabhaga 10 vIM zatAbdI taka yaha pravatti adhika dRr3ha ho gii| vizuddha AcAravAn bhikSuoM ne isakA virodha kiyA aura zithilAcArI sAdhuoM kI bhartsanA kara unheM jainAbhAsI aura mithyAtvI jaise sambodhanoM se sambodhita kiyaa| ina sabhI kAraNoM se digambara sampradAya meM aneka saMghoM kI sthApanA ho gaI / devasena ne darzanasAra meM zvetAmbara, yApanIya, dravir3a, kASThA saMgha aura mAthura saMgha ko jainAbhAsa batAyA hai / mUlasagha zithilAcArI sAdhuoM ke virodha meM vizuddhatAvAdI sAdhuoM ne jisa Andolana ko calAyA use mUla sagha kahA gayA hai| mUla saMgha ke sthApakoM ne yaha nAma dekara apanA sIdhA sambandha mahAvIra se batAne kA prayatna kiyA aura zeSa saMgha ko amUlya batA diyA / isa saMgha kI utpatti kA sthAna aura samaya abhI taka nizcita nahIM ho pAyA para yaha nizcita hai ki isa saMgha kA vizeSa sambandha kundakunda se rahA hai| sAdhAraNataH kundakunda kA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai / kAlAntara meM mUla saMgha jaise hI kASThA, drAvir3a Adi aura saMgha bhI sthApita hue| ina sabhI saMghoM para nigrantha aura yApanIya saMghoM kA prabhAva adhika hai / mUlasaMgha kA prAcInatama ullekha 'noyA maMgala' ke dAnapatra meM pAyA jAtA hai, jisakA samaya zaka saM. 347 (vi. saM. 482 ) ke AsapAsa hai / AcArya indranandi (11 vIM zatAbdI) ne mUlasaMgha kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki puNDavardhanapura (bogarA, baMgAla ) ke nivAsI AcArya ahaMlI (lagabhaga vi. saM 275 ) pA~ca varSa ke anta meM so yojana meM rahane muniyoM ko ekatra kara yugapratikramaNa kiyA karate the| ekabAra isI prakAra pratikramaNa ke samaya unhoMne muniyoM se pUchA- 'kyA sabhI muni A cuke ? muniyoM se uttara milA- hA~, sabhI muni A cuke / arhadbalI ne uttara pAkara yaha socA ki samaya badala rahA hai| aba 114

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jaina dharma kA astitva gaNapakSapAta ke AdhAra para hI raha meM tathA harivaMza kathAkoSa meM bhI milatA hai| 'senagaNa' sakegA, udAsIna bhAva se nhiiN| taba unhoMne saMgha athavA nAma bhI uttarakAlIna hI pratIta hotA hai| yaha dakSiNa gaNa sthApita kiye / guhAoM se AnevAle muniyoM ko bhArata ke bhaTTArakoM meM adhika pracalita rahA hai| 'nandi' aura 'vIra' saMjJA dI, azoka vATikA se AnevAloM ko "deva" aura "aparAjita" kahA, paJcastUpa mUlasaMgha ke antargata jo zAkhAe~ prazAkhAeM upalabdha se AnevAloM ko" sena yA 'bhadra" nAma diyA, zAlma- hotI haiM, unheM hama nimna prakAra se vibhAjita kara livRkSa se AnevAloM ko "guNadhara" yA gupta batAyA sakate haiM / tathA khaNDakezara vRkSoM se AnevAloM ko siMha aura candra kahakara pukArA / isI saMdarbha meM indranandi ne kucha 1. anvaya -koNDakundAnvaya, zrIpurAnvaya, kitta, . matabhedoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisase patA calatA hai rAnvaya, candrakavAyanvaya, citrakUTAnvaya nigamAnvaya Adi / ki indranandi ko bhI saMghabheda kA spaSTa jJAna nahIM thA / para yaha nizcita hai ki usa samaya vizeSataH nandi / sena , sana 2. bali-inasoge yA panasoge iMgalezvara evaM vANada deva aura siMha gaNa hI pracalita the / unhoMne gopu- ali Adi / cchika, zvetAmbara, draviDa, yApanIya, aura nipiccha ko jainAbhAsa kahA hai| 3. gaccha-citrakUTa, hottage, tagarika, hogari, pAri jAta, meSapASANa, titriNIka, sarasvatI, inameM nandi saMgha prAcInatama saMgha pratIta hotA hai| pustaka, vakragaccha Adi / isa saMgha kI eka prAkRta paTTAvalI bhI milI hai / ye kaThora tapasvI huA karate the / yApanIya aura drAvir3a 4. saMgha-nAvitmUrasaMgha, mayurasaMgha, kicUrasaMgha, kozalasaMgha meM bhI nandisaMgha milatA hai| lagabhaga 14-15 vIM nUra saMgha, ganezvarasaMgha, gaur3asaMgha, zrIsaMgha, zatAbdI meM nandisaMgha aura mUlasaMgha ekArtha vAcI se ho siMhasaMgha, paralUrasaMgha Adi / gaye / nandisaMgha kA nAma "nandi" nAmAntadhArI muniyoM se huA jAna par3atA hai| 5. gaNa-balAtkAra, sUrastha, kAlona, udAra, yoga riya, pulAgavRkSa mUlagaNa, paMkura, devagaNa, senasaMgha kA nAma bhI senAnta AcAryoM se hA senAgaNa, sUrasthagaNa, krANUragaNa Adi / hogA / jinasena eka saMgha ke pradhAna nAyaka kahe jA sakate haiN| unake pUrva saMbhava hai use paJcastUpAnvaya ye gaNa dakSiNa bhArata meM adhika pAye jAte haiM, kahA jAtA ho / jinasena ne apane gurU vIrasena ko uttara bhArata meM kama / unameM pradhAnataH ullekhanIya haiMisI anvaya kA likhA hai / isa anvaya kA ullekha koNDakundAnvaya, sarasvatIpustaka gaccha, sUrasthagaNa, pahAr3apura (baMgAla) ke pA~cavI zatAbdI ke zilAlekhoM krANUramaNa eva balAtkAragaNa / 34. zru tAvatAra, 96. 35. nItisAra, 6-8; 36. caudharI gulAbacandra-digambara jaina saMgha ke atIta ko jhAMkI, AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 295. 115

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koNDa kundAnvaya kA hI rUpAntara kundakundAnvaya hai, mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne itara saMghoM ko jainAbhAsa jisakA sambandha spaSTataH AcArya kundakunda se hai| yaha kahA hai| aise saMghoM meM unhoMne drAvir3a kASThA evaM yApaanvaya dezIgaNa ke antargata ginA jAtA hai| isakA nIya kI gaNanA kI hai / jainAmAsa batAne kA mUla (dezIgaNa) udbhava lagabhaga 9vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM deza kAraNa yaha thA ki unameM zithilAcAra kI pravRtti nAmaka grAma (pazcimaghATa ke uccabhUmibhAga aura godA adhika A cukI thI / ve mandira Adi kA nirmANa varI ke bIca) meM huA thaa| karnATaka prAnta meM isa gaNa kA karAte the aura tannimitta dAna svIkAra karate the| vizeSa vikAsa 10-11 vIM zatAbdI taka ho gayA thaa| para yaha ThIka nahIM / kyoMki AzAdhara jaise vidvAna isI tathAkathita jainAbhASa saMghoM meM se the, jinhoMne zithilAmalasaMgha ke anya prasiddha gaNoM meM sUrasthagaNa, krANUra nya prasiddha gaNA ma sUrasthagaNa, krANUra cAra kI kaThora nindA kI hai / gaNa aura balAtkAragaNa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / sUrastha gaNa saurASTra dhAravAr3a aura bIjApura jile meM lagabhaga drAvir3a saMgha 13 vIM zatI taka adhika lokapriya rahA hai| krANUragaNa drAvir3a saMgha kA sambandha spaSTata: tamila pradeza se kA astitva 14 vI zatI taka upalabdha hotA hai / isakI rahA hai / I0 pUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM vahA~ jaina dharma tIna zAkhAeM thiiN| tanmiNI gaccha, meSapASaNa gaccha aura pahuMca cukA thaa| siMhala dvIpa meM jo jainadharma pahu~cA pustaka gaccha / balAtkAragaNa ke prabhAva se ye zAkhAeM vaha tamila pradeza hokara hI gayA / AcArya devasena ne hataprabha ho gaI thiiN| inake anuyAyI bhaTTAraka padmanandi isa saMgha kI utpatti ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki bajranandi ko apanA pradhAna AcArya mAnate rahe hai| padmanandI ne vi saM. 526 meM mathurA meM isa saMgha kI sthApanA kI svabhAvata; AcArya kundakunda kA dvitIya nAma thA / balA thii| isa saMgha kI dRSTi meM vANijya vyavasAya se jIvitkAragaNa kA udbhava balagAra grAma meM huA thA / yaha . - kArjana karanA aura zItala jala se snAnAdi karanA kahA jAtA hai ki balAtkAragaNa ke udbhAbaka padmanandi vihita mAnA gayA hai| tamila pradeza meM zaiva sampradAya ne giranAra para pASaNa se nirmita sarasvatI ko vAcAla kI pratiSThA bahuta adhika thii| saptama zatAbdI meM usake kara diyA / isalie balAtkAragaNa ke antargata hI sAtha aneka saMgharSa bhI hue| isa saMgha ko adhikAdhika eka sArasvata gaccha kA udaya huA / isakA sarvaprathama lokapriya banAne kI dRSTi se isake yakSa yAkSiNiyoM ullekha zaka saM. 993-994 ke zilAlekha meM milatA kI pUjA-pratiSThA Adi kI bhI svIkAra kara liyA hai| karnATaka prAnta meM isa gaNa kA vikAsa adhika haA gyaa| padmAvatI kI mAnyatA yahIM se prArambha haI hai para isakI zAkhAeM kAraMjA, malayakheDa, lAtUra, pratIta hotI hai| dehalI, ajamera, jayapura, sUrata, IDara, nAgaura, sonAgira Adi sthAnoM para bhI sthApita haI haiN| hoyasala narezoM ke lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki ve bhaTTAraka padmanandI aura sakalakIrti Adi jaise kuzala isa saMgha ke saMrakSaka rahe haiN| unhIM ke lekha isa saMgha ke sAhityakAra isI balAtkAragaNa meM hue haiM / rAjasthAna viSaya meM sAmagrI se bhare hue haiM / drAvir3a saMgha ke sAtha madhyapradeza aura mahArASTra meM isa balAtkAragaNa hI isa saMgha meM koNDakundAnvaya, nandisaMgha, pustakagaccha kA kAryakSetra adhika rahA hai| eka anya zAkhA senagaNa aura agalAnvaya ko bhI jor3a diyA gayA hai| saMbhava kI paramparAaiM kolhApUra, jinakAMcI (madrAsa). hai apane saMgha ko adhikAdhika prabhAvazAlI banAne kI penugoNDa (Andhra) aura kAraMjA (vidarbha) meM upalabdha dRSTi se yaha kadama uThAyA gayA ho maisUra hotI haiN| pracAra prasAra kA kendra rahA hai / 116

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drAvir3a saMgha meM aneka prasiddha AcArya hae haiN| ko ekIkaraNa kara kASThAsaMgha nAma de diyA gayA ho unameM vAdirAja aura mAlliSaNa vizeSa ullekhanIya isa saMgha meM jayasena, mahAsena Adi jaise aneka prasiddha hai| unake granthoM meM maMtra tatra ke prayoga adhika milate AcArya aura granthakAra hae haiN| apavAla, khaNDelabAla haiM / bhaTTAraka prathA kA pracalana vizeSataH drAviDa saMgha Adi upa jAtiyAM isI saMgha ke antaragata nirmita haI haiN| se hI huA hogaa| yApanIya saMgha kASTha saMgha kASThAsaMgha kI utpani mathaga ke samIpavartI darzanasAra ke anusAra isa saMgha kI utpatti vi. saM. kASThA grAma meM huI thii| darzanamAra ke anusAra vi. ki 205 meM zrI kalaza nAmaka zvetAmbara sAdha ne kI thii| saM. 753 meM isakI sthApanA vinayasena ke ziSya saMghabheda hone ke bAda zAyada yaha prathama saMgha thA jisane / kumArasena ke dvArA kI gaI thii| tadanAnusAra mayUra zvetAmbara aura digambara, donoM kI mAnyatAoM ko pikSa ke sthAna para gopiccha rakhane kI anumati dI gii| ekAkAra kara donoM ko milAne prayatna kiyA thaa| isa vi. sa 853 meM rAmasena ne mAthUra saMgha kI sthApanA saMva ke AcAra ke anusAra sAdhu nagna rahatA, mayurakara gopiccha rakhane ko bhI anAvazyaka batAyA hai| piccha dhAraNa karatA, pANitalabhojI hotA aura nagna bulAkIcanda ke vacana koza (vi.saM. 1737) meM kASThAna mUrti kI pUjana karatA thaa| para vicAra kI dRSTi saMgha kI utpatti umA svAmI ke ziSya lohAcArya dvArA se ve zvetAmbara sampradAya ke samIpa the| tadanusAra nirdiSTa hai| ve strImukti, kevalIkavalAhAra aura savastra mukti mAnate the unameM Avazyaka chedasUtra, niyukti, dazavakAkASThA saMgha kA prAcInatama ullekha zravaNa velagolA lika Adi zvetAmbarIya pranthoM kA bhI adhyayana hotA ke vi. saM. 1119 ke lekha meM milatA hai / murendra kIti thA / (vi. saM. 1747) dvArA likhita paTTAvalI ke anusAra lagabhaga 14 vIM zatAbdI taka isa saMgha ke pramukha cAra AcAra vicAra kA yaha saMyoga yApanIya saMgha kI avAntara bheda ho gaye the-mAthuragaccha, vAgaDagaccha, lATa- lokapriyatA kA kAraNa banA / isalie ise rAjya saMravAgaDagaccha evaM nanditagaccha / bArahavIM zatI taka ke kSaNa bhI paryApta milaa| kadamba, cAlukya, gaMga rASTrakUTa, zilAlekhoM meM ye nanditagaccha ko chor3akara zeSa tInoM ra Adi vaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne yApanIya saMgha ko prabhUta gaccha svatantra saMgha ke rUpa meM ullikhita haiN| unakA dAnAdi dekara usakA vikAsa kiyA thaa| isa saMgha kA udaya kramazaH mathurA, bAgaDa (pUrva gujarAta) aura lATa astitva lagabhaga 15 vIM zatAbdI taka rahA hai, yaha dakSiNa gujarAta) deza meM huA thaa| caturtha gaccha nanditaTa zilAlekhoM se pramANita hotA hai / ye zilAlekha vizeSataH kI utpatti nAnder3a (mahArASTra) meM huI darzanasAra ke karnATaka pradeza meM milate haiM / yahI isakA pradhAna kendra rahA anusAra nAnder3a mahArASTra hI kASThA saMgha kA udbhava hogaa| belagAMva, vIjApUra, dhAravAr3a kolhApura Adi sthAna hai| saMbhava hai isa samaya taka ukta cAroM gacchoM sthAnoM para bhI yApanIya saMgha kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| . 37. SaDadarzana samuccaya, SaTprAbhUtaTIkA, pR. 7 cha. 38. amodha vRtti 1-2-201-4.

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yApanIya saMgha bhI kAlAntara meM aneka zAkhA prazA- donoM zabda zvetAmbara sampradAya meM adhika pracalita hae khAoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| usakI sarvaprathama zAkhA digambara sampradAya meM unakA sthAna kramazaH mUlasaMgha aura 'nandigaNa, nAma se prasiddha hai| kucha anya gaNoM kA bhI drAvir3a saMgha ne le liyaa| bAda meM to malasaMghI bhI . ullekha zilAlekhoM meM milAtA hai jaise-kanakopalasambhU caityavAsI banate dikhAI dene lge| AcArya guNabhadra tavRkSamUla gaNa, zrImUlagaNa, punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kaumudIgaNa (navIM zatAbdI) ke samaya sAghuoM kI pravRtti nagaravAsa maDuvagapa vAndiyUragaNa, kaNDaragaNa, balahArIgaNa Adi kI ora adhika jhukane lagI thii| isakA unhoMne tIbra ye nAma prAyaH vRkSoM ke nAmoM para rakhe gaye haiM / sambhava hai virodha bhI kiyA / isa saMgha ne una vRkSoM ko kisI kAraNavaza mahatva diyA madhyayuga taka Ate-Ate jainadharma kI AcAra ho / lagatA hai, bAda meM yApanIya saMgha mUlasagha se sambaddha vyavasthA meM kAphI parivartana A gyaa| sAdhu samAja meM ho gayA hogaa| lagabhaga 11 vIM zatAbdI taka nandisaMgha parigraha aura upabhoga ke sAdhanoM kI ora khicAva kA ullekha draviDasaMgha ke aMtargata hotA rahA aura 12 adhika dikhAI dene lagA / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM to vIM zatAbdI se vaha mUlasaMgha ke aMtarbhUta hotA huA yaha pravRtti bahata pahale se hI prArambha ho gaI thii| para dikhatA haiN| digambara sampradAya bhI aba vastra kI ora AkarSita yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya sAhitya sarjanA meM bhI hone lagA / isakA prArambha vasantakIti (13 vIM agraNI the| pAlyakIrti kA zakaTAyana vyAkaraNa, aparA- zatAbdI) dvArA maNDapadurga (mAMDalagar3ha, rAjasthAna) meM jita kI mUlArAdhanA para vijayodayA TIkA aura zivArya kiyA gayA 140 bhaTTAraka prathA bhI lagabhaga yahIM se prArambha kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA vizeSa ullekha yahA~ kiyA jA ho gaI / yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ve digambara bhaTTAsamatA hai| raka nagna mudrA ko pUjya mAnate the aura yathAvasara use dhAraNa karate the / snAna ko bhI ve varjita nahIM mAnate bhaTTAraka sampradAya the / picchI ke prakAra aura upayoga meM bhI antara AyA ukta saMghoM kI AcAra vicAra paramparA kI samIkSA dhIre-dhIre ye sAdhU-maThAdhIza hone lage aura apanI pITha karane para yaha spaSTa AbhAsa hotA hai ki jaina saMgha meM __ sthApita karane lage / usa pITha kI pracura sampadA ke bhI samaya aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra parivartana hotA ve uttarAdhikArI hone lage / isake bAvajUda unameM nirvastra rahane athavA jIvana ke antima samaya nagna rahA hai| yaha saMgha mUlataH niSparigrahI aura vanavAsI mudrA dhAraNa karane kI prathA thI / prasiddha vidvAna bhaTTAthA, para lagabhaga cauthI pA~canI zatAbdI meM kucha sAdhu caityoM meM bhI AvAsa karane lge| yaha pravRtti zvetAmbara raka kumudacandra pAlakI para baiThate the, chatra lagAte the. aura digambara, donoM paramparAoM meM lagabhaga eka sAtha aura nagna rahate the|" panapI / isa taraha nahA~ sAdhu sampradAya do bhAgoM meM lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI taka Ate-Ate bhaTTAraka vibhakta ho gayA vanavAsI aura caityavanI para ye samudAya kA AcAra mUlAcAra se bahuta bhinna ho gyaa| 39. AtmAnuzAsana, 197. 40. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, vidyAdhara johagapura kara, AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, dvitIya khaNDa pa. 37. 41. jaina nibandha ratnAvalI 405.

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AzAdhara ne unake AcAra ko mlecchoM ke AcAra ke Tana karate aura vaidyaka yantra, mantra, gaNDA, tAbIja Adi samAna batAyA hai / somadeva ne bhI yazastilaka campU meM kuzala hote haiN| meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / ibetAmbara caityavAsiyoM meM ye zrAvakoM ko suvihita sAdhuoM ke pAsa jAte hue bhI isI prakAra kA kutsita AcaraNa ghara kara gayA thA, rokate haiM, zApa dene kA bhaya dikhAte haiM, paraspara virodha jisakA ullekha haribhadra ne saMbodha prakaraNa meM kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki ye kusAdhu caityoM aura maThoM meM rahate haiM. rakhate haiM, aura celoM ke lie eka dUsare se lar3a marate haiN| pUjA karane kA Arambha karate haiM, deva dravya kA upabhoga jo loga ina bhraSTacAriyoM ko bhI muni mAnate karate haiM, jina mandira aura zAlAaiM cinavAte hai, raMga-biraMge the, unako lakSya karake haribhadra ne kahA hai, "kucha ajJAnI sugandhita dhUpavAsita vastra pahinate haiM, binA nAtha ke bailoM kahate haiM ki yaha tIrthakaroM kA veSa hai. ise bhI namaskAra ke sadRza striyoM ke Age gAte haiM, AyikAoM dvArA lAye karanA cAhie / aho ! dhikkAra ho inheM / maiM apane gaye padArtha khAte haiM aura taraha taraha ke upakaraNa rakhate ta zira ke zUla kI pukAra kisake Age jAkara kruuN|" haiM / jala, phala, phUla Adi saMcitta dravyoM kA upabhoga karate haiM. do tIna bAra bhojana karate aura tAmbUla digambara sAdhuoM meM bhI lagabhaga isI prakAra kA lavaMgAdi bhI khAte haiN| AcaraNa pracalita ho gayA thaa| mahendrasUri kI zatapadI (vi. sa. 1263) isakA pramANa hai| tadanusAra digambara ye muhUrta nikAlate haiM, nimitta batalAte haiM, bhabhUta muni nagnatva ke prAvaraNa ke lie yogapaTTa (rezamI vastra) bhI dete hai / jyonAroM meM miSThAhAra prApta karate haiM, Adi dhAraNa karate the| uttara kAla meM usakA sthAna AhAra ke lie khuzAmada karate hai aura pUchane para bhI vastra ne le liyaa| zra tasagara kI tatvArthasUtra TIkA meM yaha satya dharma nahIM batalAte / bhI likhA hai ki zItakAla meM ye digambara mani kambala svayaM bhraSTa hote hae bhI dUsaroM se AlocanA prati- Adi bhI grahaNa kara lete the aura zItakAla ke vyatIta kamaNa karAte haiM / snAna karate, tela lagAte, zragAra hone ke uparAnta ve unheM chor3a dete the| dhIre-dhIre Rtu karate aura itra phulela kA upayoga karate haiM / apane kAla kA bhI bandhanatva dUra ho gayA aura sAdhu yatheccha hInAcArI mRtaka gurUoM kI dAhabhUmi para stapa banavAte vastra dhAraNa karane lage / sAtha hI gadde, takiye, pAlakI haiN| striyoM ke samakSa dhyAkhyAma dete haiM aura striyA~ chatra, caMvara, maTha, sampatti Adi vilAsI sAmagrI kA unake guNoM ke gIta gAtI haiN| bhI parigraha bar3hane lagA / aise sAdhuoM ko bhaTTAraka athavA caityavAsI kahA gayA hai / sArI rAta sote, kraya-vikraya karate aura pravacana ke bahAne bikathAyeM kiyA karate haiM / celA banAne ke ukta tathyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki madhyakAlIna jaina lie choTe-choTe baccoM ko kharIdate, bhole logoM ko ThagAte saMgha meM yaha zithilAcAra surasA kI bhA~ti bar3hatA calA aura jina pratimAoM ko bhI becate kharIdate haiM / uccA- jA rahA thaa| vizuddhatAvAdI AcAryoM ne usakI ghanaghora 42. anAgAra dharmAmRta, 2,96. 43. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-pR. 489. 44. saMbodha prakaraNa, 76: jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 480-81. 116

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nindA kI phira bhI usakA vizeSa prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| mUrtikalA aura sthApatyakalA ko gaharA AghAta dUsarA mUla kAraNa thA ki samAja kA mAnasika parivartana pahucA diyA thaa| unhone ina sabhI sA~skRtika dharobaDI tIbratA se hotA calA jA rahA thaa| bhaTa Ta rakoM haroM ko adhikAdhika parimANa meM naSTa bhraSTa kara diyA kA mukhya kArya mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA, mandiroM kA nirmANa thA / ye acetana matiyA~ isa kArya kA koI virodha nahIM aura unakI vyavasthA, yAntrika, mAntrika aura tAntrika kara skii| pratyata unhoMne ApattiyoM ko nimantrita pratipAdana tathA yakSa-yakSaNiyoM aura devI-devatAoM kA kiyA / phalasvarUpa digambara sampradAya ke hI vyakti ke bhajana-pUjana ho gayA / sAdhAraNa samAja meM ye kArya bar3e mana meM Taara gaI lokapriya ho gaye the / ata: upAsakoM meM bhaTTAraka aura usane apanA nayA pantha prArambha kara diyaa| kAlAsamAja ke prati zraddhA jAgrata ho gaI thii| bhaTTArako ntara meM isa pantha ke saMsthApaka tAraNataraNa svAmI ke ke kAraNa mUrti aura sthApatya kalA ko adhikAdhika nAma se prasiddha huA / san 1515 meM unakA svargavAsa protsAhana milA / jaina granthabhaNDAra sthApita kiye malhAragar3ha (gvAliyara) meM huA / yahI sthAna Aja gaye, sAhitya sRjana aura saMrakSaNa kI ora abhiruci nasiyA jI kahalAtA hai, jo Aja eka tIrtha sthAna bana jAgrata haI tathA jainadharma kA prabhAvanA-kSetra baDha gyaa| gayA hai / isa pantha kA vizeSa pracAra madhyapradeza meM jaina saMgha aura sampradAya ko bhaTTAraka sampradAya kI yaha huaa| isake anuyAyI mUrti ke sthAna para zAstra kI dena avismaraNIya hai| pUjA karate haiM / ye digambara sampradAya meM mAnya sabhI terahapantha aura vIsapantha granthoM ko svIkAra karate haiM / tAraNataraNa svAmI ne tAraNataraNa zrAvakAcAra, paNDitapUjA, mAlArohaNa, - bhaTTAraka sampradAya kA ukta AcAra-vicAra jaina kamalabacIsI, upadezazuddhasAra, jJAnasamucyamAra, aMmala dharma ke kuzala jJAtAoM ke bIca AlocanA kA viSaya pAhur3a, caubIsa ThANa, tribhaGgIsAra Adi 14 choTe-moTe banA rhaa| kahA jAtA hai ki usake virodha meM paNDita granthoM kI racanA kI haiM unameM zrAvakAcAra pramukha haiN| pravara banArasI dAsa ne satrahavIM zatAbdI meM AgarA meM eka Andolana claayaa| isI Andolana kA nAma teraha . zvetAmbara saMgha aura sampradAya pantha rakhA gyaa| isake nAma ke viSaya meM koI nivivAda siddhAnta nahIM hai| isa terahapantha kI dRSTi meM bhaTa TA. .. jaisA hama pahale kaha cuke haiM, zvetAmbara sampradAya rakoM kA AcAra samyaka nahIM / vaha to mahAvIra ke kI utpatti eka vikAsa kA pariNAma hai| kucha samaya dvArA nirdiSTa mUlAcAra ko hI mUla siddhAnta svIkAra taka zvetAmbara sAdhu vastra ko apavAda ke rUpa meM hI karatA hai| yaha pantha samAja meM kAphI lokapriya ho kaTivastra dhAraNa kiyA karate the| para bAda meM lagabhaga gyaa| dUsarI ora bhaTa TArakoM athavA caityavAmiyoM AThavIM zatI meM unhoMne unheM pUrNataH svIkAra kara liyaa| ke anayAyI apane Apa ko vIsapanthI kahane lage / isa sAdhAraNataH unake pAsa ye caudaha upakaraNa hote haiMpantha ke anuyAyI pratimAoM para kesara lagAte tathA pAva, pAtrabandha, pAtrasthApana, pAtrapramArjanikA, paTalaM, paMSpamAlAyeM aura hare phala Adi car3hAte haiM / terahapantha rajasmANa, gucchaka, do cAdara, kambala (UnI vastra), ke anuyAyI isake virodhaka hai / rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA, mAtraka aura colaka / mahAvIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa bAda devadhigaNi kSamAtAraNapantha zramaNa ke netRtva meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ne apane granthoM pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka muslima AkramaNoM ne jaMna kA saMkalana zruti paramparA ke AdhAra para kiyA jinheM 129

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digambaroM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isakA mUla kAraNa thA ki vahA~ katipaya prakaraNoM ko kATa-chA~Ta aura tor3amaror3akara upasthita kiyA gayA thA / zvetAmbara sagha meM nimnalikhita pradhAna sampradAya utpanna hue / catyavAsI zvetAmbara sampradAya meM banavAsI sAdhuoM ke vipa rIta lagabhaga caturtha zatAbdoM meM eka cetyavAsI sAdhu sampradAya khar3A ho gayA, jisane vanoM ko chor3akara caityoM ( mandiroM) meM nivAsa karanA aura grantha saMgraha ke lie Avazyaka dravya rakhanA vihita maanaa| isI ke poSaNa meM unhoMne nigama nAmaka zAstroM kI racanA bhI kii| hari madrasUri ne ina caityavAsiyoM kI hI nindA apane saMbodha prakaraNa meM kI hai| caityavAsiyoM ne 45 AgamoM ko pramANika svIkAra kiyA hai| vi. saM. 802 meM aNahilapura paTTANa ke rAjA pAvar3A ne apane catyavAsI gurU zIlaguNasuri kI AzA se yaha nirdeza diyA ki isa nagara meM vanavAsI sAdhuoM kA praveza nahIM ho skegaa| isase patA calatA hai ki lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI taka spavAsI sampradAya kA prabhAva kAphI bar3ha gayA thaa| bAda meM vi. saM. 1070 meM durlabhadeva kI sabhA meM jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgara sUri ne catyavAsI sAdhuoM se zAstrArthaM karake ukta nirdeza ko vApisa kraayaa| isI upalakSya meM rAjA durlabhadeva ne vanavAsiyoM ko kharatara nAma diyA / isI nAma para kharataragakcha kI sthApanA huI / zvetAmbara sampradAya kAlAntara meM vividha gacchoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| una gacchoM meM pramukha gaccha isa prakAra haiM 45 : 2. kharataragaccha jaisA upara kahA jA cukA hai, kharataragaccha kI sthApanA meM durlabhadeva kA vizeSa hAtha rahA hai / unake atirikta vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArthaM kiyA thA / 3. tapAgaccha - vi. saM. 1285 meM jagaccandrasUri kI kaThora sAdhanA ko dekhakara mevAr3a ke rAjA ne unheM 'tapA' abhidhAna diyaa| tabhI se unakA saMgha tapAgaccha ke nAma se pukArA jAne lagA / kAlAntara meM unhIM ke anyatama ziSya vijayacandrasUri ne zithilAcAra ko protsAhana diyaa| unhoMne yaha sthApita kiyA ki sAghu aneka vastra rakha sakatA hai, unheM dho sakatA hai. ghI, dUdha zAk, phala Adi khA sakatA hai, sAdhvI dvArA arjita bhojana grahaNa kara sakatA hai / 4. pArzvanAthagaccha se - vi. saM. 1515 meM tapAgaccha pRthak hokara AcArya pArzvacandra se isa gaccha kI sthApanA kii| ve niyukti, bhASya, purNi, aura cheda granthoM ko pramANa koTi meM nahIM rakhate the / 5. sAdhaM porNamIyakagaccha AcArya candraprabhasUri ne pracalita kriyAkANDa kA vizeSakara paurNamIyaka gaccha kI sthApanA kii| ve mahAnizIya sUtra ko pramANa nahIM mAnate the| kumArapAla ke virodha ke kAraNa isa gaccha kA koI vizeSa vikAsa nahIM ho paayaa| kAlAntara meM sumatisiMha ne isa gaccha kA udvAra kiyaa| isalie ise sArdhaM paurNamIyakagaccha kahA jAne lagA / 6. aMcalagaccha - upAdhyAya vijayasiMha ( AryarakSitasUri ) ne mukhapaTTI ke sthAna para aMcala (vastra kA 1. upadeza gaccha pArzvanAtha kA anuyAyI kezI chora) ke upayoga karane kI ghoSaNA kii| isIlie - isakA saMsthApaka kahA jAtA hai / aMcalagaccha kahA jAtA hai / 45. vistAra se dekheM-jaina dharma- kailAzacandra zAstrI, pU. 290-2. 121

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7. Agamikagaccha isa gaccha ke saMsthApakazIla terApantha guNa aura devabhadra pahale paurNameyaka the, bAda meM AMcalika hue aura phira Agamika ho gaye / ve kSetrapAla kI pUjA ko anucita batAte the| solahavIM zatI meM isI gaccha kI eka zAkhA 'kaTuka' nAma se prasiddha huii| isa zAkhA ke anuyAyI kevala zrAvaka hI the| ina gacchoM kI sthApanA choTe-moTe kAraNoM se huI hai| pratyeka gaccha kI sAdhu-caryA pRthaka-pRthaka hai / ina gacchoM meM Ajakala kharataragaccha tapAgaccha aura AMcalikagaccha hI astiva meM haiM / sthAnakavAsI sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kI utpatti caityavAsI sampradAya ke virodha meM huii| pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM ahamadAbAdavAsI muni jJAnazrI ke ziSya lokAzAha ne Agamika granthoM ke AdhAra para yaha prasthApita kiyA ki mUrti pUjA aura AcAra-vicAra jo Aja ke samAja meM pracalita hai vaha Agama vihita nahIM haiN| ise lokAgaccha nAma diyA gayA / uttarakAla meM sUratavAsI eka sAdhu ne lokAgaccha kI AcAra paramparA meM kucha sudhAra kiyA aura DhUMDhiyA sampradAya kI sthApanA kI / lokAgaccha ke sabhI anuyAyI isa sampradAya ke anuyAyI ho gye| isake anusAra apanA dhArmika kriyAkarma mandiroM me na kara sthAnakoM athavA upAzrayoM meM karate haiM / isalie isa sampradAya ko sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kahA jAne lgaa| ise sAdhumArgI bhI kahate haiM / yaha sampradAya tIrthayAtrA meM bhI vizeSa zraddhA nahIM rkhtaa| isake sAdhu zvetavastra pahanate aura mukhapaTTI bAMdhate haiN| aThArahavIM zatI meM satyavijaya paMyAsa ne sAdhuoM ko zvetavastra ke sthAna para pIta vastra pahanane kA vidhAna kiyA, para Aja yaha AcAra meM dikhAI nahIM detA / bhaTTAraka prathA bhI isI samaya prArambha huI / sthAnakavAsI sampradAya meM AcAra-vicAra kI zithilatA bar3ha rahI thii| dhAvakoM meM usakI pratikriyA ke darzana ho rahe the| unakA mAnasa bhikSuoM ke prati zraddhA se vidUra ho rahA thaa| yaha saba dekhakara sthAnakavAsI sampradAya meM dIkSita AcArya bhikSu ( janma vi. sa. 1783, kanTAliyA - jodhapura ) ne vi. saM. 1817 caitrazuklA 9 ke dina apane pRthak sampradAya kI sthApanA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| lagabhaga tIna mAha bAda unhoMne terApantha kI dIkSA svIkAra kii| isa avasara para unake sAtha teraha sAdhu the aura teraha zrAvaka / isI saMkhyA para isa sampradAya kA nAma "terApantha' rakha diyA gayA / 'terA' zabda se yaha bhI Azaya nika latA hai ki hai bhagavAna ! yaha tumhArA hI mArga hai jisa para hama cala rahe haiM / sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke samAna terApantha bhI battIsa AgamoM ko prAmANika mAnatA hai / tadnusAra pramukha mAnyatAyeM isa prakAra hai (1) SaSTha yA SaSThottara guNasthAnavartI supAtra saMyamI ko yathAvidhi pradata dAna hI puSya kA mArga haiN| (2) jo AtmazuddhipoSaka dayA hai vaha paramArthika hai aura jisameM sAdhya aura sAdhana zuddhi nahIM hai, vaha mAtra laukika (3) midhyAdRSTi ke dAna, zIla, tapa Adi anavadya anuSThAna mokSa prApti ke hI hetu haiM aura nirjarA dharma ke antargata haiM / 1 isa sampradAya meM eka hI AcArya hotA hai aura usI kA nirNaya antima rUpa se mAnya hotA hai| isase saMgha meM phUTa nahI ho paatii| abhI taka terApanya ke ATha AcArya ho cuke haiM bhikSu ( bhIkhama), bhAramala, rAmacandra, jItamala machavAgaNI, mANakagaNI, DAlagaNI, 122

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aura kaaluugnnii| isI zrakhalA meM AcArya tulasI jI adhika bana jAtI haiM / vikAsa meM bAdhaka hotI haiM rur3hiyA navam AcArya haiN| jo terApantha meM yathA samaya bhagna hotI calI jAtI haiN| AcAra-vicAra kI dizA meM bhI yaha pantha Age haiN| terApantha kI saMgha vyavasthA vizeSa prazaMsanIya hai| udAharaNataH (1) sAdhu ke bhojana, vastra, pustaka Adi isa prakAra mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda jaina saMgha jaisI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA sAmudAyika uttara- aura sampradAya aneka zAkhA-prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho dAyitva saMgha para hai| (2) prati varSa sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ gyaa| para unakA AcAra-vicAra jaina dharma ke mUla rUpa AcArya ke sAnnidhya meM ekatrita hokara apane-apane kAyoM se bahuta dUra nahIM rhaa| isalie unameM baha-hAsa nahIM kA vivaraNaM prastuta karate haiM aura AgAmI varSa kA AyA jo bauddhadharma meM A gayA thaa| jaina saMgha kI yaha kAryakrama taiyAra karate haiN| ise maryAdA mahotsava kahA vizeSatA janetara saMghoM kI daSTi se niHsadeha mahatvajAtA hai / (3) saMgha meM dIkSita karane kA adhikAra mAtra pUrNa hai / AcArya ko hai, anya kisI ko nahIM / isa vyavasthA se saMgha kA eka ora jahA~ sAmudAyika vikAsa hotA hai vahA~ vaiyaktika vikAsa kI bhI saMbhAvanAe~ 123