Jain Jati ka Hras aur Unnati ke Upay

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Sanyukta Prantiya Digambar Jain Sabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010243/1

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OM namaH siddhebhyaH jaina jAti kA hAsa aura unnati ke upAya ! lekhaka:-- kAmatAprasAda jaina, u0 saM0 "vIra" dAtAra:zrIyuta bAbU zivacaraNalAlajIjaina, raIsa, jasanvatanagara (iTAvA) prakAzaka:zrI saMyukta prAntIya di. jaina sabhA ke prAntIyadazA paricAyaka mantrI mUlya:"samAja-sudhAra"

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merA prayojana pAThaka vRnda! isa jAtIya ciThe rUpI pustikA ko Apake samakSa rakhana meM merA prayojana yahI hai ki samAja kA Agala-vRddha apanI vartamAna zocanIya dazAse paricita ho aura apanA eMva apanI jAtikA mukha ujvala karane ke liye vAstavika sudhAra ko sRSTi de| mujhe yaha prakaTa karate harpa hai ki samAja ko apanI nirjIva mataprAyaH dazA kA jJAna ho calA hai aura vaha usa para gambhIra vicAra bhI karane lagI hai| zrI mAralavarSIya di0 jaina pariSada ne sAmAjika hAsa ke kAraNoM ora usake upAyoM kI khoja ke liye eka kameTo niyukta kI thI aura usa.ka.meTI kA sembara hone kA saubhAgya mujhe bhI prApta thaa| maiMne usI samaya se isa viSaya kI garepaNA karanA prAramA karadI thii| itane meM ajamera ke zrI di0 jaina vidyAlaya bhaNDAra ne bhI isa viSaya para nibandha megaaye| maiM paripada ke prastAvAnusAra jo lekha likha rahA yA usa hI ko ukta bhaNDAra kI parIkSaka kameTI ke pAsa bheja diyaa| prasannatAkI vAta hai ki parIjhaka kameTI ne use svIkRta aura puraskRta kiyA / Aja vahI nivandha isa pustaka-rupa meM prakaTa ho rahA hai| udhara zrI saMyukta prAntIya di0 jaina samA ne bhI isa zanta ke jainiyoM kI dazA sudhArane ke vicAra se aisA hI prastAva svIkRta kiyaa| evaM isa prAnta ke jainiyoM kA paricaya prApta karane ke liye mere priya mitra vAcU zivacaraNalAla jI ko niyukta kiyaa| sArAMza yaha ki akhila bhAratIya aura prAntIya

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(kha) jaina saMgaThanoM meM samAja sudhAra kI carcA uTha khar3I huii| usa hI ke anurUpa mere ukta priya mitra ne apanI pradatta rakama se isa pustaka ko jainajAti meM vinA mulya vitaraNa kA Ayojana kiyaa| usI anurUpa yaha pustaka zrI saMyuktaprAntIya di0 jaina sabhA kI ora se prakaTa ho rahI hai| vizvAsa hai ki samAja ke pramukha puruSa aura utsAhI nava-yuvaka isase samucita lAbha uThAvege / eva apanI sAmAjika dazA kA paricaya prApta kara usako samunnata banAne meM agrasara hoNge| ava bhI DhIla kI to maraNa sanmukha ! khasakatI kora para khar3e hI ho, jarA Thesa lagI ki arara dhama! isa dazA se vaco aura jIvita jAti vno| jisase koI Apake dharma aura ApakI samAja kA apamAna na kara ske| vizeSa kimadhikam / rakSAvandhana 2451 ) -samAja hitaiSI alIgaJja (eTA) kAmatAprasAda jaina,

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ADDWORDPONRVADNNN maTara GRATISAR samarpaNa birala zrIyut bAbU zivacaraNalAla jI jaina raIsa kI sevA meM priya ziva! zrApakA ananya prema jisa viSaya se hai usa hI viSaya kI yaha kRti Apake kara kamaloM meM sAdara saprema samarpita hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki ApakA jAtIya-premaplavita hai| hadaya isa tuccha bheTa' ko svIkAra kara jAtyotthAna ke nimisa hama donoM ko uparyukta kArya karane ke liye| utsAhita kregaa| vIra bhagavAna ! yaha zakti pratyeka jaina / yuvaka ke hRdaya meM vyAptaho, yahI bhAvanA hai| evaM bhavatu! ApakA vahI: ke0 pI0'

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jainajAti ke hAsa hone ke kAraNa aura unake dUra karane ke zAstra sammata upAya ! "hama kauna the kyA ho gaye haiM aura kyA hoMge abhii| Ayo, vicAra Aja milakara ye samasyAeM sabhI // " -bhArata bhAratI ___"jaina jAti ke hAsa hone ke kAraNa aura unake dUra karane ke zAstra sammana upAyoM ke viSaya meM likhane ke pahile vaijJAnika anurUpa meM yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki jaina jAti hai kyA? vaha kaba se hai ? aura usakI pUrva meM kyA dazA rahI hai| ina bAtoM ke jAne binA koI bhI vyakti usake hAsa ke viSaya meM eka dama lekhanI ko pravRtta nahIM karegA / ataeva jaina jAti ke sambandha meM uparokta jaTila prazna para vicAra karane ke pahile sAmAnyatA se usakA pUrvadarzana karanA prAsaMgika hai|

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jainadharmajokieka vaijJAnika sarvajJapraNItadharma pramoNitahA hai, usase jJAta hotA hai ki isI bhAratavarSa meM eka samaya vaha / thA java yahAM bhoga bhUmi avasthita thI, arthAt logoM ko apane / jIvana nirvAha ke liye prayatna nahIM karane par3ate the aura vesukhI sukhI jIvana vyatIta karate the| isa samaya kisI prakAra ke dharma kI bhI vyavasthA nahIM thii| jIyoM kI puNya prakRti kSINa hone lagI aura samaya AgayA ki unakA vaha sukhamaya jIvana naSTa ho jAya / manu vA kulakara loga avatIrNa hue aura ve mAnavoM ko AvazyakAoM kI pUrti kA mArga batAte ge|anttHantim manu nAbhirAya aura unake putra RSabhadeva ke samaya pUrNatayA karma-yuga kA z2amAnA gayA thA arthAt logoM ko vinA udyoga kiye jIvana-nirvAha karanA kaThina hogayA thaa| parantu janatA karmakSetra ke kartavyoM se anamikSa thii| isaliye viziSTa jJAnadhArI rAjakumAra RSabhadeva ne unako asi masi Adi paTAvazyaka jIvana kartavyoM kA mArga sujhAyA aura mAnavoM ko suvyavasthita rakhane ke liye unhoM ne varNavyavasthA sthApita kI, jisase unake laukika jIvana sukhamaya vyatIta hote rheN| AdipurANa meM varSoM kI utpatti ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki java bhogabhUmi samApta huI taba bhagavAna AdinAtha ne prajAjanoM ko unako bhAjIvikA ke vAste asi, masi, kapi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa ye chaH karma sikhAye / kyoMki usa samaya bhagavAna sarAgI the, vItarAga nahI the| usa hI samaya bhagavAna ne tIna varNa prakaTa kiye| jinhoM ne hathiyAra vA~dhakara rakSA karane kA kArya liyA ve kSatrI kahalAye, jo khetI vyApAra aura pazu pAlana karane lage ve vaizya hue aura sevA karane vAle rASTra khlaaye| (dekhoM parva 16 zloka 176-15)

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isa prakAra saMsAra kA vyavahAra calAne ke liye bhagavAna vRSabhadeva ne apanI rAjyAvasthA meM vaNoM kI sthApanA kI / isa miya taka janatA ke madhya koI bhI dharma maryAdA nahIM thii| kyoM dharma kA svarUpa sarva prathama isa yuga meM bhagavAna apamadeva hI sarvatratA prApta karane uparAnta samabhAyA thaa| isa kAraNa navoM kI sthApanA hone pazcAt jaba bhagavAna RSabhadeva na hogaye nara undoM ne sarva prathama dharma kA vyAkhyAna vastu gamapa meM kiyaa| aura yahI vyArayAna jainadharma ke nAma le gyAta huaa| usa dharma ke mAnane vAle jainI khlaae| jinakA 'calamada Aja jaina jAti ke nAma se prakaTa hai / bhagavAna ke maya meM pradhAnanA jainiyoM kI thii| yadyapi dharma kI ajAnakArI ''jo baTuna se gajAdi Rpamadeva jI ke sAtha gRhatyAga kara saMyama meM lona duga the yaha naSTa hokara zranya matoM ke rAMcA. ka hue the| uparAla meM RSabhadeva jI ke putra prathama lArvabhauma bAdalapakatI bharata ne, jina ke nAma kI apekSA yaha deza kAratarpa kahalAtA hai, aNyatI pugyazAlI uttama pANako dAna 'nA cAhA / sarva vaNoM meM se apanI zrAvaka dAna grahaNa karane ye| saMbhava hai ki inameM mukhyatA hona aura madhyama zreNI ke 'nuSyoM kI ho, kyoMki sukha samRDadazA meM avasthita vratI nuSyoM ko usako brahma karane kI icchA nahIM ho sktii| tapaya jo zrAvaka mahArAja bharata jI ke yahAM dAna grahaNa rame gaye the unako dhArmika pravRtti kA dhyAna gharake svayaM ratajI ne brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA kii| yahI varNa bhagavAna harabhaTeva ke kathanAnusAra paMcama kAla meM apane mUla dharma-jainadharma kA virodhI huaa| isa prakAra hama isa yuga meM jainadharma kI utpatti aura jaina

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jAti kA nikAsa hote dekhate haiN| sAtha hI manuSyoM ke madhya varNa vyanasthA kI sthApanA kA bhI digdarzana karate hai| isake viparIta anya prakAra se dravya ke yathArtha rUpa kI apenA jaina jAti aura jainadharma anAdi se haiM aura anAdi kAla taka raheMge ataeva isa anAdinidhana jainadharma ke vipaya meM kiJcita yaha bhI dekhanA zeSa hai ki pUrva meM usakI dazA kyA rahI hai? bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke uparAnta eka dIrgha samaya ke antarAla se vividha tIrthaMkara aura anya mahAna pulya hote rahe haiN| yaha sava jainadharmAnuyAyI the| parantu bhagavAna zItalanAtha jI ke samaya brAhmaNoM meM zithilAcAra praveza kara gayA thA aura ve apane isa AcAra kI puSTi meM anArSa anyoM kI racanA bhI karane lage the| aura Azraya prApta karane ko saMranakabhI unhoMne avazya pA tiye the| pazcAt bhagavAna munisuvRtanAtha ke samaya meM yajJAdi kA nirUpaNa karake yaha brAhmaNa loga Apa dharma se| pratikUla ho gae the| yahIM se prAcIna rIti rivAjoM meM pUrNa, antara par3anA prArambha ho gayA thaa| pazcAt donoM dharma prayaka prathaka hokara apane 2 matoM kA pracAra karate rahe the| antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra jI ke samaya to kitaneka dharmapanya pracalita the| isa samarA itihAsa prasiddha zreNika-vimbasAra, ajAtazatru, jIvaMdhara, jitazatra, zatanIka caNDapradyota Adi rAjA loga jainadharmAnuyAyI the| isa samaya meM bhI prAcIna rIti rivAjoM meM kama antara par3A thaa| jIvaMdhara kumAra ke varNana se to vivAha kSetra kI vizAlatA dekha, Azcarya karanA par3atA hai| kumAra jisa samaya zreSThi ke yahAM bharaNapopaNa pA rahe the usa samaya taka to nahIM kintu uparAnta meM videza yAtrA kara pAne ke vAda hI, unako apane kSatrI- rAja-putra hone kA paricaya

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(5) prApta hunA thA / (dekho natra cUDAmaNi kaavy)| parantu apano videza yAtrA se ve sarva vaNoM kI kanyAoM ko usI saoNti gRhaNa kara lAe the jisa bhAMti cakravartI loga sarva capoM meM se hI nahIM pratyuta mlecchoM meM se bhI kanyAya le nAte the| bhAna yaha hai ki zantima tIrthaMkara ke samaya taka zrora uparAntataka prAcIna rIti rivAja cAlU the| parantu jyAra videziyoM ke nAmamaNa hote gae aura logoM ko apane jIvanoM kI rakSA karanA bhI dUbhara huI tyo 2 vaha unase dUra haTate ge| anta meM eka samaya aisA pAyA ki prAcIna rIti rivAjoM kA logoM ko bhAna hI na rahA / aura loga jahA~ tahA~ TolI bA~dha bAMdha apane 2 strIzana rivAjoM kI rakSA karate rhe| unheM apane anya par3osI sAdharmoM bhAiyoM ke vyavahAroM se paricaya hI na rahA / yaha khAsa kara musalamAnI samaya meM huaa| aura jahA~ 2 musalamAnoM kA Adhipatya dIrgha kAla taka acchI taraha se rahA nahA~ 2 prAcIna roti rivAja vilkula hI lupta hogye| isa vyAkhyA kI puSTi meM uttara aura dakSiNa kI jaina samAja ke rIti rivAja pratyana pramANa hai| daniNa meM musalamAnoM kI dastandAjI kama huii| isI kAraNa vahA~ zAloM meM varNitaprAcIna rivAjAkI bhalaka milatA hai| ataH isa kathanase yaha prakaTahai ki prAcIna jaina rivAjoM meM samayAnusAra dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke prabhAvAnusAra parivartana hote rahe hai aura usameM prakhyAta rAjA mahArAjA bhI hote rahe hai / samrAT candra gupta jaina the| yaha samaya bhArata ke adhipati the| atapaca inake samaya meM avazya hI jainadharma rASTra dhrmrhaarogaa|smraatt azoka, samprati, svAravela, kumArapAla, kumma, amoghavarpa Adi nRpa jaina hI the| jainiyoM meM cAmuNDarAya, asarAja sadRza yoddhA the| bhAmAzAha

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(6) saghaza dezabhakta aura tejapAla vastupAla sadRza dAnI dhAvaka the| tathaiva kundakundAcArya aura samantabhadrAcArya sadRza nigraMtha mahAvidvAna AcArya the| inhoMne hI jainadharma ko gaurava garimA ko diganta vyApinI banA diyA thA / jisako zAtI Aja bhI una ke zilpa ke adbhuta kArya aura atula sAhityaratna hai / parantu duHkha hai ki Aja vaha nararatna jainadharma kI pramAcanA car3hAneko prApta nahIM haiN| Aja janajAti jIvita jAtiyoM meM nahIM ginI jaatii| Aja cAroM ora se apamAna 2 kI hI bauchAreM usake Upara par3a rahI hai| vaha prati varSa bar3e vega ke sAtha ghaTatI calI jAtI hai| ina saba hatAza karane vAlI bAto kA uttara pAneke liye hamako dekhanA cAhiye ki hamAre pUrvajoM meM kyA guNa the jo ve utane unnata aura sukha samRddhazAlI the| hamAre pUrvajoM meM pahilI bAta to yaha thI ki una meM dharma ke cAroM saMgha-muni, AryikA, zrAgaka, zrAnikA-gidyamAna the| isalie dharma ko pUrNa unnati thii| aura usake mahatva enaM. kartavyoM ko lA samajhe hue the| muni ora AryikA saMgha ke kAraNaM zrAvakoM ke jIvana dharmaniSTha bane rahate the| unakA dhArmika zAna una mahAna AtmAoM ke saMsarga se sadaiva unnata hotA rahatA thA jisake kAraNa unako AtmAe~ valavAna rahato thI aura ve laukika evaM pArilaukika donoM kAryo ko dRr3hatA ke sAtha kara sakate the| unakI jJAnavRddhi aura puNyopArjana ke sAkSAt kAraNa anAgoragaNa vidyamAna the| jinakA ki Aja bilkula abhAva hI hai| bhArata meM dharma hI sarva unnatiyoM kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| tisake pracAra aura saMbhAla ke kAraNa unameM maujUda the| ataeva sukhasamRddhazAlI dazA ko mApa karane ke anya kAraNa bhI avazya ho unako upalavdha the|

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( 7 ) laukika jIvana unnata banAne ke liye sampatti mukhya mAnI gaI hai / so jahA~ dharma vahA~ yaha avazya honA cAhiye / aura vastutaH prAcIna jainajAti meM yaha thI hI / isa ke vinA saMsAra meM gRhathoM kA kAlakSepa karanA kaThina hai / sampatti aura manuSya meM ni sambandha hai / manuSya kI unnativyaktigata, sAmAjika yA rASTrIya-sampatti ke ucita prayoga para nirdhArita hai, zrIra sAtha hI sampatti kI utpatti manuSya kI uttamatA zArIrika, mAnasika aura cAritraka ( Moral ) para nirbhara hai| jisameM jitanI yogyatA hai vaha utanA hI sampattimAn hotA hai / suyogya ayogya se adhika sampatti saJcaya karake prati dina unnata banatA jAtA hai / aura ayogya sampatti hIna ho kara avanati ke gahare gar3ha meM gira jAtA hai / suyogya sampattimAna aura zrImAna banatA hai / aura yogya kSINa hIna hokara mara miTatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yahI bAta yoM kahI jA sakatI hai. ki. zradhika sampattimAna adhika suyogya dhana sakatA hai / sampatimAna jInA hai aura sampatti hIna kI mRtyu hotI hai / (dekho deza darzana pRSTha 2 ) / hamAre pUrvajoM meM sAdhu sAdhvIyoM kI dekhabhAla maiM sampatti saMcaya karane kI yogyatA prApta thI aura vaha unakI zikSA dIkSA meM usakA ucita prayoga bhI karanA jAnate the| yahI kAraNa thA ki unake jIvana unnata the / parantu zrAja ina sava vAtakA lopa hai| vetAmbara samAja meM kiMcita sAdhurtho kIdekha resa zrAvakoM para hai aura unameM sampatti bhI adhika hai| yogyatA prApta karane meM puNyamaya kAraNa kA samAgama vizeSa sahAyaka hai / " yogya manuSya ke khAsa guNoM para vicAra karane se kahanA hogA ki pahile to unakA jIvana dharmamaya honA cAhiye, jisa semika bala kI vRddhi ho aura mAnasika ekAgratA prApta

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(7) 1 ho / phira zrAtmonnati ke uparAnta vRddhi aura zArIrika bala car3he car3he honA caahie| jitanI buddhi vikAsa ko prApta hogI utanI hI yogyatA manuSya prApta kara sakatA hai / tathApi jitanA hI zArIrika vala manuSya kA bar3hA hogA utanA hI adhika zrama kara sakegA / aura jitanA hI adhika zrama karegA utanA ho adhika dhanopArjana kara sakatA hai aura use ucita rIti se vyaya karake jIvana unnata banA sakatA hai / yadyapi yaha avazya hai ki ina yogyatAoM kI prApti meM usa samaya ke dezake rAja niyama aura jAti ke rIti rivAja bhI vAdhaka vA sAdhaka hote haiM / isalie una kA bhI samucita honA Avazyaka hai / ' zratapana kahanA hogA ki "anya jAtiyoM ke sammukha jIvita rahane ke liye, saMsAra meM apanA astitva rakhane ke liye, manuSya meM manuSya ke guNa hone cAhiye / mUrkha aura balahIna manuSya deza va jIti ko lAbha pahuMcAne ke badale hAni pahuMcAte hai zrIda suyogya banane ke liye paitRka ora sAmAjika saMrakAra kI zuddhatA, zrAcaraNa yA caritra kI pavitratA, nirmala jala, zuddha vAyu, puSTidAyaka bhojana, svaccha havAdAra makAna, indriya nigraha, svAsthya rakSA aura uttama cikitsA zAstra kA jJAna, sarva prakAra kI vidyA aura sarvopari vAtantratA kI parama AvazyaktA hai / " (dekhI dezadarzana pRSTha 6-7 ) / hamAre pUrvajoM maiM yaha sarva guNa zravazya hI the| taba hI vaha itanA unnata jIvana vitA sake the ki zrAja bhI unakI guNa garimA saMsAra ke netroM ko dhuMdhiyA rahI hai| kiMtu kyA kAraNa ki hama unakI saMtAna ina guNoM ko kho baiThe hai / aura zravanata heya-lajA maya jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiM ? sabhava hai ki mere koI mitra isa para kaheM ki aba z2amAno

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vaha AtA jArahA hai ki sarva vastue~ heya hokara hAsa ko prApta hoto joNcgii| aura anta meM naSTa ho jaoNyagI yaha svAbhAvika amiTa vAna hai isa para dukha kisa bAta kA! saMsAra ke aura jana jAti ke jo udaya meM hai vahI hogaa| usake viparIta ho nahIM samatA! purapArtha karane se koI vidhi kI mekha ko palaTa nahIM sktaa| isa vyAkhyA ke uttara meM maiM apane aise mAnya mitra se pUchegA ki yaha z2amAne kA hAsa krama kyA kevala jainiyoM ke hI palle par3A hai ? kyA kAraNa hai ki IsAI, Adi vidhI sarva pramAra kI unnati kara rahe hai aura jainadharma isa gati se hona hotA jArahA hai ki kaThinatA se pUre 200 varSa taka vaha apanA astitva hI sthira rakha sake ? tisa para jaina zAstroM meM svayaM kahA hai ki paMcama kAla ke antataka jainadharma rhegaa| yadyapi juganU kI mAMti lupna aura prakaTa hotA rhegaa| isa apenAle bhI jainadharma vA jAti kA hAsa devI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / aura isa kAraNa usake uddhAra kenimitta hAtha para hAya dhara kara bhI nahIM baiThA jA sakatA / jo sajana bhavitavya ko saba kucha samajha kara isa zora puruSArtha karanA heya batalAte hai vaha apane bhanitavyatA ke dRDha vizvAsa meM kabhI bhI apane dainika jIvana ko usake prAdhIna nahIM chor3a dete ! yahI tarka unake vizvAsa ko lacara pramANita karatI hai| bAta yaha hai ki aise sajana kA aura puruSArtha ke yathArtha rUpa aura sambandha le anabhinna hai| jainasiddhAnta' kI apekSA karma do prakAra kA rolA hai-(3) inya (2) aura bhAva karma AtmA ke pariNAmoM kA nAma bhAva kama hai| aura vacana evaM kAya kI kriyA kA nAma diyA hai| kintu yaha vacana aura kAya kI kriyA mana ke zubhAzusa vicAroM ke AdhIna hai| isIliye yaha bhI bhAra karma meM

Page #17
DIRLIAMLwanrous. sammilita hai| aura jainadharma kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki samasta lokameM sUkSma pudgala ke paramANa bhare hue haiM jinameM yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha bhAva karma ke prabhAva se saMsArI AtmA kI ora khiMcate haiM aura usase baMdha jAte haiN| aura zubhAzuma bhAva karma ke anusAra-una paramANaoM meM apane samaya para Akara AtmA ko sukhadukha dene, auraAtmAkI acchI burI dazA karanekI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai / zrataeva AtmA ke sAtha baMdhe hue ina sUkSma pudgala paramANuoM kA nAma hI dravya karma hai| aba dekhanA cAhiye ki puruSArtha kisako kahate haiM ? nizcaya meM jo AtmA kAnija zuddha svabhAva ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta vIrya Adi hai vaha hI AtmA kA puruSArtha hai| aura yahI utkRSTa hai| parantu vyavahAra meM AtmA apanIunnati,aura apanIsAsArika avasthA acchI karane ke liye jo prayatna karatA hai usakA nAma puruSArtha hai| aura java ki ina prayatnoM kI jar3a bhI rAgapAdi hI hai tava vAstava meM saMsArI AtmA ke zabhAzubha vicAra arthAt bhAvakarma hI puruSArtha haiN| isaliye jaba ki- dravya karma arthAt bhavitavya (takadIra)-bhAva karma arthAt puruSArtha ke anusAra baMdhatI hai yAnI acche vicAra aura acche karma se acchI takadIra banatI hai| aura bure vicAra aura burI kriyAyoM se durI takadIra banatI hai|tb isa apanA kara kaha sakate haiM ki takadIra-puruSArtha ke AdhIna hai aura puruSArtha car3A hai| parantu kucha asAvaroM para pUrva saMcita karma aisA pravala hotA hai ki vaha udaya kAla meM manuSya ke vicAroM aura kriyAyoM para apanA prabhAva DAla kara unako zubhapravRtti kI ora nahIM jAne detaa| isa apekSA se dharma (bhavitavyatA) ko bar3A kaha sakate haiM: parantu aisI dazA meM bhI yadi manuSya prayatna zubha pravRtti kI

Page #18
(11) ora kiye nAyagA to pichale bure karma ke manda hone para avazya saphala manoraya hogaa| ataeva paruSArtha karate rahane se yadyapi kisI nizcita samaya meM saphalatA prApta na ho parantu vaha eka samaya prApta hoto avazya hai| (dekho jaina karma philAsaphI) isaliye puruSArtha karanA pratyeka dazA meM Avazyaka hai| puruSArtha ke bala ho takadIra kAastitva hai| isa kAraNa bhavitavyatA ke bharose baiThanA buddhimattA nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| ataeva jaina samAja kA jo hAsa usameM yogya manuSya guNa na honeke kAraNa ho rahA hai usake rokane meM avazya hI hameM puruSArtha zIla ho kaTibaddha ho jAnA caahiye| tava hI vaha paMcamakAla ke anta taka jIvita raha rAkatI hai| ora apano prAcIna gauravagarimA punaH prApta kara saMsAra ko sukhazAMti kA saMdeza sunA sakatI hai bhavitavyatA kA nirAzAjanaka DhakosalA usake maga me bAvaka nahIM hosktaa| nirutsAhI nirAzA ke paMje se pratyeka jainI ko unnati karane ke liye nikalanA atyAvazyaka hai| astu ava dekhanA hai ki kyA kAraNa hai jinake vaza jainiyoM meM manuSya guNoM kA abhAva hai ora unameM vaha nara ratna nahIM hai jo unake sAmA. jika jIvana ko unnata banAne meM sahAyaka hote ? Aja jaina samAja ko dazA para e DAlate hI A~khoM agADI a~dherA chA jAtA hai| usakI janasaMkhyA aura usake nichAnoM ko gaNanA karate ho hRdaya ra jAtA hai| vismaya hotA hai ki kisa taraha jainadharma prAcIna kAla meM bhArata kA rASTra dharma raha cukA hai| zrAja to vaha nAma mAtra ko avazeSa hai| na usake anuyAyiyoM meM Aja koI rAjA hai,na sainika hai, aura na senApati / na pele hI kAryapaTu nidvAna hai jo gaja

Page #19
(12) vyavasthA meM ucca bhAga liye ho aura usake svAnvoMkIratA kara sakate ho| athavA unakI dhAka-sabhya saMsAra meM jamI ho / nazilpa aura na vANijya meM hI unakI pradhAnatA hai / sArAMza meM baha sava-taraha se hIna ho rahI hai aura zArIrika mAnasika evaM cAritraka manuSya guNoM meM karIva 2 divAlA nikAle hI baiThI huI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prati daza sAla meM pauna lAsa ke karIba ghaTa jAtI hai| tisa para bhI turrA yaha hai ki usa meM paraspara mAna sada ke ghor3oM para car3ha va ghuDa daur3a huA karatI hai| isakI aisI dazA ho rahI hai ki yadi yaha isa hI rUpa meM vano raho to sau do sau varSa meM loka se isakA astitva ho lupta ho jaaygaa| isako jana sakhyA kirA jI ke sAtha ghaTa rahI hai yaha jarA dekhiye: , san 1841 meM vaha kuta 14,96,638 thii| . . san 19015. " 13,38,140. " san 1811", ''. 12,48,182 " aura san 1921 meM mAtra 11,78000 raha gaI hai| isase prakaTa hai ki tIsa varpa meM jainiyoM kI saMkhyA,do lAkha cAlosa hajAra ghaTa gaI hai| jaba ki bhAratavarSa kI jana saMkhyAtIsavarSa meM sattAIsa karor3ase bar3ha karavattolakaroDo gaI hai| isa z2amAne meM anyadhone unnatiko, para jainoghAgara / yaha jaTila prazna unake jIvana maraNa kA prazna hai| kyA kAraNa hai ki anya bhAratavAsiyoM ke sAtha ho sAtha unakI saMkhyA bhI nahIM bar3hI jaba ki hama dekhate hai ki anyoM kI saMkhyA varAdara bar3hatI rahI hai| jaise ki bhArata

Page #20
M OR ma + 633 / ' kI saMkhyA ke ukta aMko se aura anya dharmoM ke nimna koSThaka se vidita hai: san 1841 se 1901 ko san 1901 se 1911 taka dharma / janasaMkhyA meM pratirAta | janasarayA meM pratizata ghaTanA yA bddh'naa| ghaTanA tayA baDhanA / bauddha + 326 bar3hanA 131. vanA IsAI } + 28 5 +326 ". sikha 15 mu0mA0 +8 *67 " . hindU / -3 ghaTanA + 15.04 " jainI - 52 " -64 ghaTanA isa koSTaka se sAphamakara hai ki 1601 60 le 16110 taka ke dasa varSoM meM kula bhAratavAlo118 prati saikaDAra kula hindU 15.04 prati laikaDA bar3he, parantu abhAge jaino 64 prati saikar3A kama hue| jainI bhI anya bhAratIyoM ko bhAMti bar3hane cAhiye the parantu unako ulTo vAstavika ghaTI 183 prati saikar3A huI hai| hamArI yaha dazA hamAre kAna khar3e kara dene ke liye paryApta hai kintu duHkha hai ki aba bhI hama isa ora se aceta par3e hai| aura purAne Dhara meM par3e hue isI taraha pisa, jAnA pasanda kara rahe haiM / hame mAlUma hai ki hamAre zarIra meM dhuna-laga rahA hai aura vaha bahuta tejI ke sAtha hamAre jIvana kA ava kara rahA hai parantu to bhI hama usa dhuna ko nikAlane ke liye karibaddha nahIM hai| moiyo yAda rakhiye koI jAtI kitanAhI baDo-karoDo ko saMkhyA kI kyoM na ho, vaha bhIila veDhanI rakAra se eka dina naSTa ho jaavegii| kadApi jIvita nahI raha sktii| tisa para

Page #21
zrApako saMkhyA to ugaliyoM para ginane yogya hai| isaliye mRtyu ke mukha se bacanA hai to Alasya ko chor3iye, jar3atA ko tyAgiye, hiyekI kholiye aura apanedharma-dharmako phicaaniye| bahuta so cuke, z2amAnA badala gayA, zarIra meM dhuna laga gayA, maraNAsanna ho gae! zrava bhI ceta jAiye aura ina agAr3I batalAe hue kAraNoM ko zIghra hI dUra kara diijie| jaga gora, kara dekhie ki vaha kisa bhayAnaka rIti se Apake jIvana tantuoM ko bhakSaNa kara rahe haiM! jainasamAja ke dvAsa ke kAraNa eka nahIM, do nahI, kintu agaNita ho rahe haiM / isaliye pratyeka manuSya unakA digdarzana karA bhI nahIM sktaa| unakA pUrNa digdarzana to pratyeka jaino bhAI ekAnta meM baiTha kara nizcala hRdaya se sthAnIya dazA kA avalokana kara anubhava kara sakate haiM / yaha roga aAjakA nahIMkala kA nahIM, pratyuta eka dIrgha kAla se samAja ke madhya ghusA hai| yaha rAjyaroga hai| isako parIkSA aura upacAra suyogya anubhavI vaidyoM ke vaza hai| parantu samAja kI dazA se paricita ora dukhita navIna hradaya bhI avazya hI isa ora prakAza DAla 'sakate haiN| ataeva kahanA hogA ki yadyapi jaina samAja bhArata ke vividha prA.to meM vasA huA hai, isa kAraNa prAnta bheda se unake rotirivAjoM meM bhI avazya antara par3A huA hai| kintu unake hrAsa ke kAraNoM meM adhika antara nahIM hai| yaha prAya aikahI se haiM to bhI yaha sabhava hai ki eka prAnta meM eka khAsa kAraNa se jainiyoM kA hAsa huA ho to dUsare prApta meM usake viparIta kisI anya kAraNa se vahI nauvata masIva huI ho| isaliye samagra jainasamAja ke hAsa ke kAraNa sAdhAraNataH eka samAnahI honA sabhavita hote hai|

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( 15 ) yaha to prakaTa ho hai ki jairajAti jIvita, noroga ora dhanavAna jAti nahIM hai kyoMki sampatti zAstra ke bettAoM kA kathana hai ki aiso sarbhasampanna jAti 25 varSa meM dugusI ho jAnI hai| mAdayasa sAhaba ne sapramANa siddha kiyA hai ki yadi khAne pone kI suvidhA ho to hara deza kI janasaMkhyA hara pacIsave sAla duno hojAtI hai / parantu jainasamAja isa svAbhAvika vRddhi ko upekSA karake ulTo ghaTI hI hai; isase pramANita hotA hai ki usake kAma ke kAraNa usake sAmAjika jIvana meM hI vidyamAna hai / zrataeva ina kAraNoM ko vahIM DhUMDhanA aura prakaTa karanA Tags hai, vahI unake dUra karane ke upAya soce jA sakate hai| vicAra karane se kahanA hogA ki jainasamAja ke nAza hone ke mukhya kAraNa nimna prakAra haiM: 1 zranAgArasaMva- sAdhu mahAtmAoM kA lopa, jaise ki pahile dekha zrApa hai / 2 yogya manubhya guNoM kA abhAva jisakA kAraNa zeSa bAteM haiM / 3 devo kopa ( plegAdi roga ) 2 nirdhanatA vA daridratA / ! pAsthya ora uccazikSA kI ora se udAsInatA / 6 yAnya vivAha / 7 vRddha vivAha / 8 anamela vivAha / 6 vyabhicAra / 10 puruSoM kA avivAhita raha jAnA / 11 choTI 2 jAtiyoM kA honA aura apanI jAti ke yatirikta anya jAti meM vivAha na karanA / 1 1 1

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(16) 12 vivAha meM bAdhaka anya kAraNa evaM ApasI virodha 13 siyoM ko ucita dekhabhAla aura sammAna na krnaa| 14 mAMgo ko chor3a kara zaharoM meM rahanA, aura 15. nijadharma se abhijJa hone ke kAraNa nAryasamAjI yA hindU Adi vidhoM ho jAnA aura anyoM ko jaino na bnaanaa| pahite kAraNa sAdhu-sAdhyo ke bhAva meM jo sani samAja ko ho rahI hai usakA digdarzana hama pahile karA cuke hai| varatutaH jaina samAja kI unnati ko jar3a isa mUla kAraNa ko dUra kara dene meM hai| aura yaha dUra tayahI ho sakatA hai jaba samA.. ja ke anubhavI vicAravAna purupa dharma ke mUlabhAva ko samajha kara tyAga ke mahatva ko smjh| aura apane jIvana se isa bAta kA udAharaNa upasthita karada ki prAcIna kAla kI bhAMti Aja bhI jainI gRhastha sulatAbha karake parabhava sudhArane ke liye sayama kA pAlana kara sakate haiN| vartamAna meM jo kucha bhI aise sayamo puruSa hai unakA prayama kartavya hai ki vaha apanI Atmonnati karane ke sAtha hI sAtha paMcAyuktoM kA pracAra samAja meM kare aura tyAga bhAda ke mahatva ko samAja ke adhikkyI puruSoM ko samajhA kara unheM isa saMyama mArga para lenAveM / aile saMyamI puruSa yadi pratyeka prAnta meM prAdhI 2 darjana bhI ho jAye to jaina dharma ke yathArtha bhAna ko jainI samasajAve aura usakA pAlana ve loka pITane kI bhaoNti na kreN| pratyuta usako acchI taraha samajha kara ve apane jIvana dharmamaya banAleM / unake jIvana yadi vAstavika dharmamaya bana jAyeMge to unakI unnati hone meM dera nahIM lgegii| zrataeva isa prathama kAraNa ko pUrti karanA paramAvazyaka hai|

Page #24
(17) * Ajakala sAgAraNa taurase anAgAra gurujanoM ke kartavya ko pUrti kA bhAra hamAre gaNyamAnya saMskRtata paDitoM ne liyA hai| parantu vaha vizeSa kAraNavaza nintha guru, azyA udAsIna ni. zrAvaka ko mA~ti sAmAjika vyavasthA lAne meM asamartha haiN| unako itanA avasara hI prApta nahIM hai ki vaha samaya bhArata ke jainiyoM ko dazA kA pratyakSa anubhava prApta kara sakeM aura usako unnati kA upAya zuddha hRdaya se janatA ko batA ske| pratyuta dekhane meM unake kAryoM se yahI pragaNita hotA hai ki unake dvArA samAja kA aniSTa kinhI yAtoM meM vizeSa kara ho rahA hai| eka khAla vA no gaha hai ki vaha bahudhA parAdhIna evaM paramulApenI hone ke kAraNa apane nijI bhAnoM ko prakaTa bhI nahIM kara sakate haiN| unake viSaya meM vastunaH pUrvAcArya ke nizna zanda yAda Ate haiM ki__, "gurupo bhaTTA jAyA saddezuNi aNA sitidaannaaii| duriNavi zramaNi sArA dUsamayammi cuDanti // 31 // ' (upadeza siddhAnta rtnmaalaa|) / arthAt-"paJcama kAla vipai guru to bhAra ho gae jo dA. tAoM kI stuti kara dAna lete hai / so dAtA aura dAna lene ghAle donoM hI jinamata ke rahasya se anabhijJa hai, sasAra samadra meM Dabate haiN| bhAvArtha-dAtA te apanA bhAva popane ke artha detA hai aura lene gale lobhiSTa ho dAtA meM aNachAte guNoM ko bhATa kI taraha gAya dAna lete haiN| saoN mithyAtva kapAya ke puSTa hone se donoM ho sasAra meM upate hai aura paJcama kAla meM,kahane kI. abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo isa prakAra dAna lenevAle anya mata meM brAhaNa to pahile se bhI the, parantu aba jinamana meM bhI bhATa. kI taraha stuti karA pAra dAna lene vAle ho gaye hai, so isa

Page #25
(18) nikRSTa kAla meM hI huyehe|" aisI dazA meM pAThaka samajha sakate hai ki nippana, niHsvArthI guruoM athavA mArgapradarzakoM kI phitanI jaTila AvazyakatA hai| dUsarA kAraNa manuSya guNoM kA abhAva kitanA hAniprada hai, yaha samAja kI vartamAna dazA se hI jJAta hai| isake viSaya meM bhI hama pahile kaha cuke hai| ataeva isake nivAraNa kA upAya bhI kitaneka azo meM prathama kAraNa ke abhAva kI pUrti ke sAtha sambandhita hai| kyoMki jaba prathama abhAvakI pUrtihokara manuSyoM ke jIvana dharmamaya vana jAyage to unakI zArIrika, mAnasika ora cAritraka unnati honA avazyabhAvI hai| aura isa unnati ke hone ke sAtha hI unameM manuSya jaise guNa svataH aajaayeNge| ataera isa abhAda ko pUrti kA bhI upAya prathama ke prAdhIna hai yadyapi nimna kAraNoM ke upAya bhI isameM sahakArI hoNge| isa liye ina donoM upAyoM se lAbha uThAne ke liye Avazyaka hai ki samAja ke vidyamAna saMyamI puruSa ekAnta meM rahane ke sthAna para kAryakSetra meM pAye aura pratyeka prAnta meM grAmavAra paryaTana kareM aura sthAnIya jaina janatA kI dekhabhAla ke liye vayamApta anubhavI cAritravAna prabhAvazAlI vyakti ko saMyamamArga kA svarUpa samajhAkara usa ora agrasara kreN| isa upAya ko pUrti meM sahaja hI meM samAja unnati ke rAjyamArga para pAjAvegI aura zIghra hI usake hAsa ke kAraNa dUra ho jaayeNge| tIsarA kAraNa jainajAti ke hAsa meM daivI prakopa bhI pramA. Niva hotA hai| arthAt usameM plegAdi rogoM ke bhayAvaha pari NAma se bhI hAni uThAnI par3a rahI hai| parantu yahAM bhI hama deva ko kosa kara hI cupa nahIM raha skte| isa devI prakopa kI utpatti kA kAraNa kisI jIvana niyama kA ullaMghana karanA

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(16) hI kahA jaaygaa| vRkSa jagata para yadi hama dRSTi DAlato hama sahaja meM isa niyama kA anumAna kara sakate haiM / do mukAbale ke pAga le lIjiye / 'sundara vanaspatiyA~, nAnA prakAra ke anokhe phala aura pattiyAM aura komala latAyeM lAkhoM rupayoM ke kharca se dono hI bAgoM meM lagAI gaI haiN| eka bAga kI pattiyA~ mubhA rahI hai latAyeM kumhalAI jAtI hai, aura dUsare meM Thoka vahI vanaspatiyAM harIbharo saharA rahI hai aura latAya koThI kA kaMgUrA chUnA cAhatI hai / kyoM ? isaliye ki eka dhAga meM unakI rakSA Thoka taraha para nahIM kI jAtI, samaya para jala aura bAda pATi nahIM diyA jAtA aura dUsarI jagaha ina saba pAnoM kA acchA prabandha hai / pugpapradarzinI aura puSpapAritoSika ( Flower shows reflower p11739 ) isa bAta ko siddha karate hai ki jivanI adhika dekhabhAla vanaspatiyoM kI hogI ve utanI hI puSTa rogI aura baile hI bar3e phala yA phala degI / / prakRti ne manuSyamAna kI unnati bho pUrvokta niyama ke adhIna ramavI hai / manuSya kA dIrghAyu yA alpAyu honA, zrArAgya yA rogA honA,balavAna yA nirvala honA bhinna bhinna dezoM kI acchI yA burI AyohayA para, acche yA bure AhAra para aura puNya yA pApamaya jIvana vyatIta karanepara nirbhara hai|' (dekho dezadarzana pRSTha 62-63)zritaeva jaina samAja kI isa kAraNa vaza dvAsa kI apekSAkara kahanA hogA ki vaha prAkRtika niyama ke viruddha AcaraNa karatI hai| deza kI AbohavA karIba karIba ekasI hai parantu to bhI vaha zahara aura dehAtoMkI apekSA kRna bhinna hai| dehAtoM kA jIvana sukhakara ho sakatA hai| aura jaino dehAtoM meM rahanA aba ThIka nahIM samajhate, aura ve vahAM panisvata zaharoM ke kama hI hai / jaise kI agAr3I bhAta hogaa|

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( 20) atarava vaha AbohavA kA dhyAna bhI kama rakha rahe hai| aura AhAra ko bhI yahI nauvata hai| bhakSyAnanya kA vicAra unameM se uTha hI gayA hai| ine gine ho loga aise haiM jo bAz2Ara kI bhavya nastuzro se paraheja karate haiN| aura padArthoM ke guNa dopa kA vicAra karake usakA bhakSaNa karate haiN| hamAre pA~ca sAta gharoM meM bhojanako vyavasthA kiMcita hai bho, parantu yahA~ para bhI pAkazAstrase anabhinatA hone ke kAraNa sAtvika bhojana kA milanA kaThina ho rahA hai| mojala ke caTapaTe aura susvAda banAne kI aura vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA hai, phira cAhe bhalehI masAloko bharamAra se usa padArtha kA svAjAvika guNa naSTa ho jaave| isa prakAra pAhAra kA mo hamAre yahA~ ThIka pravandha nahIM hai / zrava java ki hamAre bhojana kI yaha durdazA hai taba hamAre jIvana kisa prakAra ke hoge yaha sahaja meM andAjA jA sakatA hai| lokokti ho isa bAta ko caritArtha kara rahI hai jaisA khAve anna-vaisA hove mana / isaliye kahanA hogA hamArejIvana pApamaya hai| isa ko puSTi hamAre agAr3I ke varNana se svata ho jaavegii| ataH jaba hamAre rahane ke sthAna kI dhAgehalA, zarIra puSTi kA bhojana aura jIvana ho prAkRtika niyama ke pratikRla haiM taya hamArA pratidvandvI daiva hI ho jAya to Azcarya kyA hai ! plegAdi rogoM se jaina jAti kI kSati adhika nahIM honI cAhiye kyoMki roga se bacane ke sAdhana unako sugama the| parantu jar3atA ke kAraNa jaise ki Upara dikhalA cuke haiM, isa sakrAmaka roga AkramaNa se bhI usakI kSati meM sahAyatA pahuMcI hai / ina rogoM meM vRddhoM kI apekSA yuvaka aura yuvatiyAM adhika mRtyu ko prApta hue hai| dukha yahI hai ki inhIMle santAna utpanna hotI hai jisase janasaMkhyA ko vRddhi

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(21) hotI hai| nisAra bho yuvatiyo aura striyoM ko hI mRtyusaMkhyA vaho huI prAgna hai, jo pahalele hI saMkhyA kama hai| yuktaprAnta meM maigr3e pIche puruSa aura 5.ziyAM matyu ko prApta huI hai| bhAratavarSa ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai jo ki jainasamAja ke liye bhI usI taraha lAgU hai ki: "The most obvious is the biglier rate of fc* male mortality during epidemics The recorded deaths from 11ague or any such severe epidemic, are inore among females thau among males and are in the ratio of 54 This is easily understable if we remember the life Indian women are forced to lead by our social customs Their houschold activities are such as to lay them open to infection more readily than the males They nurse the persons suffering ifrom contagious diseases, and they are most liable to the bites of the plague-infected rat-fleas on the malailacarrying mosquitoza" / (See The Census of India p 56 ) bhAvArya-saMkrAmaka rogoM meM liyo kI mRtyu puruSoM ko zrapenA adhika hai arthAt 4 puruNe meM 5. striyoM ko mRtyu huI hai| striyoM ko isa adhika mRtyu ke kAraNa hamAre sAmAjikravandhana hai| unake gRhastha jIvana se sakrAmaka rogoM se bacane kI bahuta kama rakSA hai, pratyuta ve hI aise rogiyoM ko leyA suzrUSA karatI hai jisase usaroga kI zikAra bntii| atapaya isa kAraNa se bhI hameM kucha kama kSati prApta nahIM

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(22) hotii| striyoM ko mRtyu ke mukha se bacAne ke liye zrAraNyaka hai ki sAmAjika niyamoM meM ucita sudhAra kiyA jaay| zrIra isa AzaGkA se bacane ke liye unameM puruSoM ke sAtha cikitsA jhAna kA pracAra karanA caahie| jisase jIvana ke svAsthyavardhaka niyamoM kA pAlana ho ske| yayoMki yaha prakaTa hai ki anukUla' zuddha sAtvika bhojana se, nirmala jala aura pavitra vAyu sevana se, svaccha havAdAra kamaroM meM rahane se, bala aura paurura ko hAni na pahuMcAne vAlI dinacaryA se, zArIrika bala aura parAkrama baDhAnevAle vyAyAma (kasarata)le,nezana yArANIyatA kA kSaya karane vAle do pradhAna kAraNa-ghora daridratA aura atyanta adhika dhanADhayatA-kA sapUrNa vinAza pharadene se, brahmacarya ke pazcAt yogya aura Arogya santAnotpatti se, svAsthyaranA ora uttama cinsiAzAstra ke mAna se, strI aura puruSa kI sAmAjika aura mAnasika dazA bagavara UnI karane se, deza ke sukhI hone se aura zAntimaya pavitrajIvana vyatIta karate rahane se, manuSya cAhe ajara aura amara na ho jAya: para usake janma aura prAkRtika maraNa ke bIca kA samaya arthAt Ayu bahuta bar3ha jAyagI ora parAvara bar3hatI rhegii|" (dekho dezadarzana paSTha 64) cauthA kAraNa nirdhanatA cA daridratA bhI ukta kA sahagomo hai| isa ke kAraNa bhI vizeSa hAni uThAnI par3atI hai| kyoMki 'daridratA se lajjA utpanna hotI hai| lajjAyukta apane adhi. kAra se gira jAtA hai| adhikAra se gire hue kA apamAna hotA hai| apamAna aura tiraskAra se duHkha aura dukha se zoka utpanna hotA hai| zoka se buddhi hIna hotI hai aura nibuddhi nAza ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra dekhA jAtA hai ki

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daridranA ho sArI ApattiyoM kI mUlahai aura isase jana saMkhyA kA nAza hotA hai| (dekho dezadarzana pRSTha 38) kintu hamAre kuchaeka mitra avazya hI jaina samAjake sambandha meM nirdhanatA vA daridatA kA nAma suna kara cauMka utthge| una kI dRSTi meM jaina jAti sarva jAtiyoM meM dhanazAlI hai / kyoMki usakI vAhiradArI arthAt dikhalAve ko jitanI bAte hai vaha saba iso yAtako sambhAvanA karAtI hai ki jainI bar3e dhanI haiN| parantu aba bAta bilakula ulaTI hai| nirdhanatA vA daridratA meM buddhi hIna hojAtI hai aura apane dopa ko-apamAna ko chipAne ke lie dariddha vyakti DhoMga racatA hI hai| yahI hAlata jaina samAja kI hai| yadyapi yaha avazya hai ki katipaya khAsa vyakti avazya hI dhanazAlI mileNge| parantu samana jAti ko inake kAraNa dhanazAlI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jainI nirdhanI haiM isa kA pratyakSa pramANa unako janasaMkhyA kA hrAsa, unakI durbalatA aura unake pIle mukha haiN| jainI hI nahIM pratyuta sAre bhAratapAsI isa sarva ghAtaka roga se pIr3ita haiN| isI nirdhanatA ke kAraNa prAja isa kRSi pradhAna aura pazu dhana meM garva rakhane vAle deza meM samAja ko puSTakArI bhojana nahIM milatA / jIvana pAlana ke mukhya padArtha ghI aura dUdha kA to abhAvasA hI ho rahA hai| usa ke abhAva meM zarIra durbala haiN| aura ve zIghra hI rogoM ke zikAra bana jAte haiN| jina se dhana ke abhAva meM chuTakArA bhI sahasA nahIM miltaa| hAM, yaha agazya mAnanA par3egA ki hindU aura musalamAnoM kI apekSA jainI dhanavAna adhika hai| isalie isa kAraNa se unako kSati adhika hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM kI jA sktii| kintu jarA gambhIra vicAra karane se vidita ho jAnA hai

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(2) ki hindU Adi se adhika dhanI mainiyoM ko kSati isa kAraNa se bhI kucha kama nahIM hai| puruyoM kI bhA~ti dhanavAna na hote hue bhI yA vyartha bAtoM meM lopasthya ke nikAle ho huI hai| aurata ora bhI dhanahIna bhA da gRhasthI ke dainika bhokara Upara se kanyAyoM ke vicAroM kA mAra haiN| ina kAraNoM se jIvana ho jAtA hai| yahI jA hai ki lagAne ktyA ko bhI cene para ko se hai| samAja meM jA ja 1 nAka rakhane ke liye jo vyartha la jAne kiyA jArahA hai vaha samAja ko binA as dhanAya ThikAne kahalAte the gae haiN| apanA baDappana sthirAne ke liye rakhane par3ate hai parantu bhItara hI bhItara zikSA svAsthya zrAdi bAnoMmeM kaTTI ke ne lagAyI bAtoMmeM vizeSa kharca karate hai / yaha pUrva korniyAbhimAna muru dharma ke nAma para bhI anartha kara rahA hai| yugane mandiroM ko sabhAla nahIM, nae banAte hai| mandiroM aura anya dharmAnoM ko anya loga har3apa karate jaoNya. isako kucha para nahIM hai dayAtrA aura jIvana vAra basalyaoNga ke nimitta m parantu vaise to gAr3I eka gRhastha jainIkA kuTuna na kuTumba dakhitA ke hadayAho kula saharata ho to bhI ga nahIM AyagI / vahA~ vAtsalyaoNga raphUcakkara ho jaay| zAna ko baccoM ke liye bhojana naho parantu danA z2arUra kreNge| " ? as a hetu

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(25) yAlaka vAnikAoM ko zikSA meM utanA na kharca hotAjitanA unake vivAha para honA hai| striyAphegna hotesamaya hAziyAra dAI, saphAI, auSadhi, acche AhAra aura jApe ke pIche aura bAlaka ke uttama pAlana ke lie uttanA kharca nahIM karate jitanA "sAda meM', kaDA halalI banAne meM, gAnA bajAnA karavAne meM aura jAti meM miThAI gane meM hATA hai| vImAra kI Tahala, zrauSadhi ko apanA usakI mRtyu para molara karane meM pacAsa gunA jrAdaha kharca kiyA jAtA hai| dharma pracAra AcaraNasudhAra mAnadAna, skUla, pAThazAlA, kanyAzAlA, chAtrAlaya, chAtravRtti, aura acchI pustakoM ke pracAra meM itanA kharca nahIM hotA jitanA vezyA nRtya meM, zranirAvAjI meM, jalle utsavoM meM hotA hai| (jaina saMsAra) . atapaba ina anAvazyaka ayogya kAyoM meM vyartha vyaya kie jAnele dinapara dina dhana-ghaTatA calA ArahA hai aura ghaTatAhI rahA no bilakula daridrI banA degA aura naSTa kara degaa| isalie isa prakAra kA Andolana jAnA gahie jisase bacce 2 ko isa dazA kA paricaya ho jaave| aura pratyeka pacAyata meM isa prakAra ke niyama yana, jAnA cAhiye jisase uparokta prakAra ke vyartha vyaya banda hokara ucita prakAra se dhana kharca kiyA jAsake jisase samAja kA hita ho| yaha vyAha zAdiyo, yonAroM zrAdi kI taraha taraha kI phijata ciyAM eka dama uThA-denA caahiye|.is nirdhanatA se bacakara hameM apane purakho kI sukha samRddhazAlI dazA prApta karane ke lie vyApAra meM jI jAna se laga jAnA caahie| mAmUlI dukAnadAro-dalAlI-ko ho vyApAra nahIM samabhAnA cAhie / pranyuta naye 2 vyAgAroM kI ora dRSTi dauDAnA caahie| naye daMga ke vyApAra purAne DhaMga ke

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(26) vyApArI ko miTAte jArahe hai| isake lie deza videzoM meM dhUma kara aura anubhava prAptapharaphe nae vyApArIko calAnA caahiye| isa prakAra ko udyoga sasthA, dhaniyoM ko polanA cAhiye jinameM samAja ke nirudyogo yuvakoM ko zilpa, vyApAra, kRSi Adi kArya sikhAe jaoNya / aura unake jIvana nirvAha mugama cana jaay| pAMcave svAsthya aura uccazikSA kI ora se udAsInatA meM mukhya sahAyaka uparokta kAraNa haiN| nirdhanatA ke kAranA, inakI ora dhyAnahI nahIM diyA jaataa| svAsthya kitanA girA huzrA hai yaha hamArA hrAsa hI kaha rahA hai / ausata Ayu kevala paccIsa varSa kI hai| isameM mukhya kAraNa jainiyoMmeM ucita zrama na karane kA hai| ve dukAnadArI karate haiM aura subaha se zAma taka gaddI takiye lagAe baiThe rahate haiN| parizrama kucha karate nhiiN| isa kAraNa sAmAnya bhojana bhI hajama hotA nahIM / yahI dazA striyoM kI hai| vaha gRhasthI ke kAryoM se mu~ha curAtI haiN| ataeva svAsthya varddhana ke liye Avazyaka hai ki ucita vyAyAma kI vyavasthA kI jaave| puruSoM ke lie vyAyAma zAlAye kholI jaaveN| jina meM unako zarIra rakSA kI vividha dezo kalAyeM sikhAI jaave| aura ve balavAna bana ske| sivoM ke liye bhI pIsanA kUTanA zrAdi gRhasthI ke kAryoM ke adirika prati dina svaccha vAyu sevana kA pravandha honA caahiye| ucca zikSA kI bhI yahI dazA hai| nirdhanatA meM yaha prApta nahIM hai| 'vyApArI jAti hone para bhI 200 puruSoM meM se 50 hI liva paDa sakate haiN| yUrupa ke dezoM meM tathA jApAna amerikA meM 80 sema pho saikaDA no puruSa likhe par3e haiN| yahAM para 100 striyoM meM kevala do hI par3hI huI haiN| aura ve

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(27) bhI kevala ciThI patrI likhane taka' / pupI meM bhI aise bahuta phama hai jo jIvana ko Adarza vanAnevAle, ucca caritra banAne gate.aura jIvana saphala banAnevAle sAhitya ko par3ha sake ho| yahAM mAna thor3A hindI kA pAna aura DhIcA pahADe zrAdi sivAdie ki zikSA khatama hogii| bahuta huyI to mAla pATha va pUjAdi sikhA dii| naitika zikSA athavA usa laukika mijA hupakoM ko dIhI nahIM jAtI! yuvako ko vaha zAstra tathA sAhitya nahIM par3hAyA jAtA jisase yaha purayAyI ho, jisase ve ranavalaM. paMcanavaNa, phAyabala upArjana kara jAtigevAM, deza nepA aura vizvasevA ke yogya bne| jisase ve dharmaprati, jAti' prati, dezabhani, saMsAra prati apanA kartavya pahicAne athavA jisase unake jodhana "jaina" jIvana canaM / hA~ bAlyAvasthA ora gupaviNA meM raMDiyoM kA nAca dikhA, gAnI sunA, nIca puruSoM kI saMgati meM chor3a unake jIvana nirarthaka, viSayI aura vilAsapriya to avazya yanAdiye jAte haiN| aura isakA pariraNAma kahIM vezyAgamana, kahIM parastrIgamana, kAhI madirApAna, kahIM svArthIjIvana ora kahIM vyApAra meM jhaTa ityAdi hotA hai| (jaina sasAra) jainasamAja meM inegine vidyAlaya ora hAIskUla ucca zrAdarzazikSA pradAna karane ke liye cAla bhI kieMgae hai, kintu unase yatheSTa lArma nahIM hotaa| isameM mukhya kAraNa unako zikSA praNAlI hai| donoM sthAnoM se nikale hue vidyArthI ko mRtyatA svIkAra karanI par3atI hai| ataeva unameM zikSAkarma kA sudhAra honA Avazyaka hai, jisase yogya svAvalambI vidvAna utpa ho sAinameM jo samAja ke dhana se zikSA' pAyeM yaha kama se'

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(28) kama do varSa samAja kI sevA avaitanika rUpa meM kareM jisase samAja meM zikSAkA pracAra ho| isa kriyAdvArA bhI pUrNalAsa prApta nahIM hogaa| isa kramale mAtra kucha vidvAna utpanna ho sakeMge aura yaha samAja ke grAmoM meM zinA pracArahI krskeNge| isalie pratyeka zikSAke kendra para jainavorDiga kholanA lAjamI hai| unameM dharmazikSAkA pravandha honA cAhiye / tayA skAlazipa yogya chAtroko dIjoya isa bAta kA pravandha honA cAhie tathApi inake sAthahI eka bhAratIya jaina vizvavidyAlaya kI sthApanA kIAyojanA honI cAhiye / isa vizvavidyAlaya ke dovimAga rahe - eka meM laukika uccakoTikI zikSA kA pravandha ho tathA dUsare meM dhArmika aura saskRtAdikI saMyojanA ho. athaca isa ho ke antargata eka jainazikSA samiti ho jo samagra bhArata ke jainiyoM meM prArambhika aura ucca zikSA kI vyavasthA ko cAlaka aura bAlikAoM kI samAna-zikSA kA pravandha karanA isake AdhIna ho| isa tarahakA pravandha honepara hI samAja meM yogya vidvAna utpanna ho sakeMge aura zikSAkA pracAra ho skegaa| chaThe kAraNa vAlya vivAha ke doSoM se ava sabhI karIva 2 paricita hogaye hai| parantu tobhI duHkha hai ki hama isa prathA ko nahIM chodd'te| prAcInakAla meM hamAre yahAM praur3ha avasthA meM arthAt pUrNayuvA hone para vivAha kiyA jAtA thaa| parantu musalamAnI samaya se yaha prathA utthgii| unake Darake kAraNa choTI umara meM zAdI kI jAnelagI aura striyAM gharoM ke andara mUMdakara rakkhI jAne lgii| isase bar3A anartha huyA zarIra zakti kSINa hogii| zAstrakAra ne vivAha kA.samaya puruSa kA. 20 varSa kI avasthA meM aura strI kA 16 varSa kI avasthA meM

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(2) batalAyA hai jaise ki jainAcArya vAgmaTa ke nimna zlokale pragaTa hai: "pUrNa poDazavaryAstrI pUrNa vizena saMgatA / / zuddhagAMzaye mAgeM rakta zumo'nile hRdi / vIryavantaM sutaM sUte tato nyUnAdvayoH punH| rogyalpAyuradhanyo vA garbho bhavati naiva vA // " isameM AcArya sAphataurase batalAte haiM ki yadi kama umara meM vivAha kiyAjAyagAto alyAyuphIsaMtAna hogI athavA hogI hI nhiiN| aura vastutaH yahI dazA Aja horahI hai| bAlyavivAha karane kA mukhya kAraNa Aja vivAhake uddezya se ajAnakArI hai| zrAdipurANa meM vivAha kA uddezya saMtAna utpanna karane aura usakI rakSA karane meM yala karanA batalAyA hai| vivAha ke dvArA prajAkA silasilA candana hokara dharmakA silasilA varAvara jArI rahatA hai| isase vivAha kA uddezya dhArmika saMtAna utpanna karanA pAyA jAtA hai| parantu yahAM isa bAta kA dhyAna nahIM diyA jAtA aura mAtra vAsanApUrti ke lie alpAyu meM vivAha kie jAte haiM jisake duSpariNAma ke namUne yaha hai : . (1) yacapana meM vivAha karane se bAlavidhavAyeM bahuta ho jAtI hai| bacapana meM unake mAM bApa kuchabhama vA nIti kA bodha nahIM karAte haiM, isalie ve apane manako mArane meM asamartha ho narapizAcoM ke ukasAne para apanA dharma choDa denI, hai aura yuvAvasthA meM kukarma karane meM laga jAtI hai| phira apane kukarma chipAne ke lie unheM bhrUNa hatyA karanI par3atI hai| loga, aura sarakAra savahI unako burI nigAha se dekhate haiN| isase mAtA

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(=0) piThA badanAma hote hai / yahabAta kevala bAlikAoM ke lie hI nahIM hai: bAlakoM kI bhI chuTapana se zrAdateM bigar3a jAtI ha Dora ve bhI kukarma kara alpAyu meM ho nRtyu ke grAsa ho jAte haiM thora ina nanhIM vidhavAoMko vilakhane aura pApAcAra karane kI chor3a jAte haiM, jinase mAtA pitA badanAma hote haiM / kintu ina meM doSa unhIM mAtA pitA kA hai jo choTI hI umara meM unakA vivAha karadete haiN| bAlaka bAlikAoM ko tuzinA nahIM dete, unheM apane bhale bure locane kI yogyatA prApta nahIM karane dete, aura unake zarora hRSTa puSTa nahIM ho pAte ki viSaya vAsanA ke zikanje meM unheM jakar3a dete haiM / bar3I umara taka adhivAhita rakhane meM ve apanI nAmUsI samate haiM / parantu apanI putra putriyoM ko vyabhicArI sunakara vaha nAmUkhI nahIM samajhate 1 isI duSTa prathAke kAraNa Aja jainiyoM meM 15 varSa se kama unakI vidhavAe~ 1256 le zAyada kucha adhika hI haiN| itanI saMkhyA to unakI san 1691 meM thI aura taba kula jaina vidhavAe~ 153270 thIM ! ina vizvAoM kI bar3hotarI kA kAraNa yaha vAla vivAha hI hai / kyoMki isake kAraNa adhikAMza kanyAya 15 varSa meM hI vidhavA hojAtI haiM / * The chief of these is the system of early marriage and the consequent system of widowhood. An appreciable percentage of girls lose their husbands in India before they are even 15 years of age, and since widow remarriage is prohibited in almost all sections of the Hindus, this large, number of women de -- 10 -

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u (31) 201 contribnte to the increase of population. (The Census of India p 12) (2) bAlyAvasthA meM vivAha hojAne se bAlaka bAlikAlA ko zikSA bhI pUrNa nahIM hone paatii| aura ve jIvanApayogI avazyamAna pAtakarane se bacita rahajAte haiN| aura isa jJAna ke jagAna meM una ke jIvana'unnata nahIM ho pAte / ve bahudhA durita hojAni hai / prAcIna kAla meM bAlaka aura bAtikArya prAya gunA ke varIpara zinAmAti ke lie bheja diya gate the aura pUrNa vaya prati karake sarva prakAra kI zikSA se bhUpita ho kara jaba ve nikalate the taba unake vivAha hote the / isalie pacanAne ke lie baDo ubhara meM zAdI karanA cAriza aura taka bAlaka nAlijAoM ko uciMta zinoM kA prabandha karanA caahie| unako aise sala tamAze bhI nahIM darane dene cAhiye jinasa kAmavAlanA urojiya ho| , / (3) Upara hama dekheMguke haiM ki vivAha kA aika pradhAna zya upayukta saMtAna utpanna karanA hai| ataevaM Dolpa baya meM prati usa samaya mejavatakeki deha aura buddhi paripakanahIM hotI. hai, vizaha karanA ucita nahIM hai / kAraNa, jabataka janaka jananI ke deha aura manakI pUrNatA na hA~gI, tabataka santAna savala zarIra aura prabalamanA na ho skeNgii| aura svaMya janaka jananI ke jAvana duvaila zakti hone, nisteja, rogI aura sunahIna hojAte 6 / sAyahI unakI umara kama hojAtI hai| unakI santAn /

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( 33 ) nikammI hotI hai| yadyapi bahutAyata se vaha hotI hI nahIM aura hotI bhI hai to unakA jIvana kaThina hojAtA hai| yahI kAra hU~ ki bacce bahuta marate haiM / "alpAyu kA garbha mAtA pitA aura svayaM usa peTa kI savAna tInoM ke lie atyanta hAnikAraka hotA hai| paccIsa bAla garbhavatI striyoM kI jAMca kI gaI jisa se mAlUma huA ki pAMca lar3akiyoM kA garbha giragayA, tona baccA janane ke samaya maragaI, 6 ko janane ke samaya zratyanta kaSTa huA aura unake peTa se bacce auz2AroM ke jariye nikAle gae, pAMca ko vaccA janane ke bAda purAnA mUtraroga hogayA, do baccA paidA hone para prasUtI rogameM par3akara aura atyanta nirbala hokara maragaI, 3 dUsarI bAra vaJcAjanane para maragaI, 2 tIsarI bAra baccA janate samaya maragaI aura 12 zratyanta ka uThAkara marane se baccagaI, para unakI tandurustI janma bhara ke liye bigar3a gaI / arthAt kula 25 meM se 10 to aura 12 janma rogiNI hogaI, kevala 3 lar3akiyAM acchI rahIM / " (dekho dezadarzana pRSTa 126 - 130 ) / isa bAlavivAha ke kAraNa striyAM kisa jyAdatI se mRtyuko prApta hotI haiM yaha isase sApha, pragaTa hai 1. The Census of Iudin nAmaka pustaka meM striyoM ke prabhAva ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki " bAlavivAha ke aura isa hetu choTI umara meM garbha dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa striyoM kI saMkhyA kA kitanA hAsa huA hai vaha nimna koSTaka se hI anubhava kiyA jA sakA hai : isa

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80 124 ma43 (1947 413 ' (33) 1000 puruSoMkI mRtyukI samAnatA meM striyoMkI andAjana mRtyu saMkhyA prAnta J0-15 varSa 15-20 20-30 sarvaAyu cahAla ...... 13 1215 1971 1867 vihAra....... yambaI ..... . 1025 varmA * ... 78 856 madhyaprAnta ." .. | 46 /1234 1231 60 paJjAva : .... | 1032 666 1055. | 968 AgarA ora avadha - 670 | 1056 1105 / 668 / ina saMkhyAoM se vaha prabhAva prakaTa hai jo hamAre sAmAjika rivAja ke kAraNa striyoM kI ghaTotarI para par3atA hai| yaha ghaTotarI 15 aura 30 varSa kI umara meM adhika hai| aura yaha vaha samaya hai java striyoM kI dekhabhAla khUba hotI hai| 30 varSa ke uparAnta sarva umaroM kI mRtyu saMkhyA ghaTa jAtI hai| " isa vAla vivAha ke pariNAma se jo eka bhayAvaha dRSya dRSTigocara hotA hai vaha yaha jAnane meM hai ki striyoM kI saMkhyA pahile hI puruSoM kI apekSA adhika nahIM hai / isa prakAra java paJjAva meM pahile hI 100 puruSoM meM 2 striye haiM taya vahAM 20 aura 30varSa ko umara meM mRtyu 68 puruSoM meM 1055 striyoM kI hotI hai|' isa taraha hisAva lagAne se bAla vivAha ke kAraNa mRtyusaMkhyA '

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(34) - manAsa aura hAla meM paJjAva aura yuktamAn zrI dhrapenA avika hai / isa prakAra kasa umra meM zAdI karane se bhArata kA dikhanahIM hai| isalie jaina samAja bhI usa dRprazAse lAbha nahIM uThA sktii| bAla vivAha ke kAraNa o jani baccoM ko hotI hai usake viSaya meM hama pahitahI kahanuke haiN| ukta pulaka meM bhI baccoM kI adhika matya kA kAraNa utajhI mAnAo kI alpAyu vatalAIhai aura kahA hai ki varSa se kama umara kI strI ke jo baccA utpana hotA hai vaha bacpana zo meM yadudhA mara jAtA hai aura yaha kheda janaka ghaTanA una mAtAko janana zaktipara bhI hArija hotI hai / phalataH vaha 35 ga 40 varSa meM vRddhA ho jAtI hai| isa vAlavivAha ke kAraNa bhArata ke bAra; sabhI navayuvaka bhI pezAva, peciza yA dukhAra ke roga se jur3I rahate haiN| yahA~ pezAva kI bImAriyoMse sArI duniyAse adhika toga marate haiN| fI saikar3A 15 navayuvaka ra gegI ke prAsa banate haiM / (deza darzana pRSTha 130) / ataeva pratyAyana hai ki isa bAla vivAha ke kAraNa janajAti ho nahI mAtra bhAratahI gArata huA jAtA hai / 'yadi kanyAoM kA vivAha 25 gharSa se kama kI Ayu meM na letA to jainiyA meM jAra vimAya na hotI / ve sadhavA hokara kama se kama mAlIsa hajAragnupa upasna karato, jisase jainiyA kAnAza yAlAca ruka jaataa| (jaina hitapobhAga.13 pR ) - isalie isakA rokatA paramAvazyaka hai| sAdhAraNa janatA maiM isake duSpariNAma kA paricaya karAne ke lie choTe hetu bila aura TrakTa vAMTanA caahiye| upadezako aura masAgara panI dvArA isake viruGalokasata khar3A kara denA caahie| phira

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(35) aisA niyama karA denA cAhie phi jaba } bAlaka ra bAlikA mor3a na ho tabataka unheM kisI acche guNa ke adhIna kara vidyAdhyayana kraayeN| maTha hone aura zilpAne bAda unakA vivAha yogya putroM meM kiyA jAya / rAgamana (gAnA) karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / isaliye isa prathA ko haTAnA hogaa| sAtaveM aura thAve kAraNa vRddha vivAha aura zransela vivAha eka do koTi meM thAjAte hai| vRddha vivAha bhI anumeta vivAha hI hai| vahA~ 60 zrIrama kI misAla hai to dUsarI ora 8 aura 12 athavA 6 ora ma kA gaThajoDA hai / ina bhela satya ke kAraNa manuSya jIvana mutamaya nahIM bIta sktaa| isa kArasa vivAha ke uddazca siddhi ke lie pror3hAvasyA ke yogya bAlaka bAlikA kA samvandha karanA cAhie / yadyapi hamane vRddha vivAha kA samAveza anamela vivAha se kara diyA hai, parantu ga vivAha se adhika zani hotI hai| yaha vidita ho hai ki "ana samAja meM kanyAoM kI surayA bahuta hI kama hai| isase hajAro navayuvakoM ko yahI bAga. rahA par3atA hai| usa para cUDhe loga apanI kaI 2 zAdiyAM karake aura bhI unakA hama sAradete hai / jo kathA kisI dukkA se zAdI karake pUrva jIvana vyatIta karatI, aura aneka putra kanyAoM kI mAnA hodhI, ghaTI eka kuThe khUsaTa ke paje meM pha~sakara duHkhoM ke pAM par3atI hai, tathA rogI santAna kI mAtA hotI hai aura zIghra at farer are durAcAroM kI vRddhi karatI hai| isalie vRddha vivAha ko duSprayA ko zIghra hI yanda karanA cAhie / isake lie pati ko yanna karanA

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(36) cAhie / paJcAyatoM kI zakti ko bar3hAnA hama logoM ke hAthameM hai" / ( jainahitaiSI bhAga 13 pRSTha 48) / unakedvArA isa prakArake niyama banAlenA cAhiye ki 35 varSa kI avasthA ke uparAnta vAle puruSoM ke aura rupae dekara vivAha karanevAle ke vivAha meM koI bhI sammilita nahIM hogaa| aura isakA pAlana java paJcAyata meM saba karane lageMge to phira yaha duSprathA zIghra hI miTa jaaygii| san 1921 kI sarakArI manuSya saMkhyA riporTa ke AdhAra para jo udgAra eka nava yuvaka ne paJjAva aura dehalI prAntake sambandha meM 'cora' meM prakaTa kie haiM unase jAnA jAtA hai ki usa prAnta ke jainiyoM meM prati sahana puruSoM ke pIche kula 53 triya hai| jinameM vidhavAyeM bhI sammilita haiN| isa prAnta kI vidhavA vahinoM kI saMkhyA kA digdarzana karane se bUr3he vAvAoM kI karatUtoM aura sAmAjika adhaHpatana kA khAsA andAjAho jAtA hai| 15 se 16 varSakI Ayu kI vidhavAya pratizata nimna prakAra hai: jaina 312 (savAtIna pratizata se adhika); hindU 31 (tIna pratizata), musalamAna 218 (tIna pratizata se kama), sikkha 117(paune do pratizata se km)| . vahIM eka se lekara 36 varSa kI vidhavAyeM prati sahana isa prakAra thIM:- san 1901 meM na 56; hindU 47, musalamAna 30; san-1921 meM jaina 76, hindu 46 aura musalamAna 26 / jo hAla pajAba kA hai vahI zeSa prAntokA hai| isalie sAmAjika sudhAra ke lie zIghratama taiyAra hojaaiye| /

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(37) navA~ kAraNa atIvaghaNita zabda vyabhicAra hai| mahA saMyamI zolavatI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI santAna prAja vyabhicArI hai| yaha kitanI nIcatA kI bAta hai / isa kalaka ko lie hue hama kabhI bhI unakI santAna kahalAneke adhikArI nahIM hai ! bhArata kI anya samAjoM kI bhAMti jaina samAja meM bhI vyabhicAra kA yezumAra pracAra ho rahA hai| "mAta hotA hai ki zIlavata isa samAja se vidA le cukA hai aura jaina dharma kA prabhAva isake hRdaya se bilakula uTha gayA hai| yaha samAja kevala Upara sejaina dharma kA hA pahine hue hai, jisake bhItara isakA hRdaya chipA huA hai| isakI bhItarI hAlata bar3I hI gandI hai| isa vyabhicAra ke roga meM yahAM ke yuvA hI prasita nahIM hai, bAlaka aura bUr3he bhI isake pabje se bAhara nahIM hai| yahA~ ke vAlaka 7-- varSa ke hote hI azlIla zabdoM ko suna suna kara unake uccAraNa karane meM paTu ho jAte haiM / pahile to ve unakA bhAva samajhe binA hI uccAraNa karate rahate haiM, poche bAraha terahavarya kelagabhaga pahuMcane para una azlIla zabdoM ke dvArA utpanna huebhAvoM ko prayoga meM lAne kI ceSTA karane laga jAte hai| unakI yaha ceSTA anagamoDA, hasta maithuna Adi duSTadopoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| vyabhicAra kI yaha pahilI sIr3hI hai| bAlyAvasthA meM ye mAya anaGga mor3A Adi ke rUpa meM aura yuvAvasthA meM parastrI sevana, vezyAgamana Adi ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote hai| jahAM ye bhAva hadaya meM advita ho pAe phira nikAle nahIM niklte| ye unheM sadAke lie vyabhicArI banA dete haiN| triyAM bhI jaya apane puruSoM ko parastrIgAmI vA vezyAgAmI banA huzrA dekhatI haiM to.ghebhI apane pAtivatyase zithila hone lagatI hai aura anta meM durAcAriNI bana jAtI haiM" ( jaina hitaiSI bhAga 13 pRSTha 448 ) /

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inake sAtha hI anya kAraNa vyabhicAra ddhi ke ukta anamela vivAha aura pacapana'ko "dussaiMti ke atirita yutI vivavAnI aura yuvAzubhAro kI saMkhyA hai| yaha 'mAnI huI bAta hai ki kAma jirAsamaya manuSya ko satAtA hai usa samaya vaha usa yo andhA kara detA hai| Ajakata kI solAiTI kA vAtAvaraNe eso phAya ora bAsanA vardhaka ho rahA hai ki yaha abhAga'ma. nuya kAma kI kuTila cAla se baca nahIM paate| iso kA parigAma hai ki nityati aNahatyAoM ke samAcAra sunane meM Ane hai / nIca jAtiyo se 'satsaMga karane para bahutere hamAre yuga bhAI daNDita kie jAte haiN| yadyapi usI vRNita kArya ko karane vAle jAti ke mukhiyA aura sattAvAna manuSa nidIpa bane baiThe rahate haiN| vaha hajAra pApa karate de to bhI dharmAtmA bane rahate hai aura becAre garIva yuvaka unakI mAryAcAroM meM tar3apate hai, dariData hote hai| yaha vyabhicArI kI mAtrA 'mAmA ko apekSA zaharoroM adhika hai| aura isako kRpAlebhI hamArI sthA ghaTI hai, kyoMki yaha pragaTa hai ki "vyabhicArI sIpuruSoM ke epha to santAna hI nahIM hotI aura yadi hotI hai ta nirvala, roga aura aspAyu hotI hai / vyabhicArI paraMpa svayaM bhI niyala, nisteja, sAhasahIna, rogI aura alpAyu hojAte haiN| roga to unheM gharahI rahate haiN| liMbo kI bhI yahI dezI hotI hai / isabar3hehuai vyagidAra ko rokane kI aura bhI zo dhyAna denA caahie| cacI ke caritra para chuTapana se hI balki unake garbha meM Ane ke samaya se hI ISTi rakhanI caahie| bacce jaMva mAtA ke garbha meM 'zrIte haiM tabhI se unapara mAtA ke ra marale vicAroM kA prabhAva par3atA hai / yadi mAtA ke vicAra acche hoMge to bacce unheM apanI prakRti banAkara janma leNge|

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isake bAda unapara acche saMskAra DAle DAyaMge, una kAnI meM sadeva acche vicAra par3hate raho, unako dhipaya - satra acchekArya par3ane raheMge, aura veacche prAdarzI ko-ora jhukAe. jAyaMge to uname sadAcArI hone meM koI sandeha nahIM / , bhAge una vidyAdhyayana karAyA jAya, naitika zikSA dI, jAya aura kalavya zola banAyA jAya / to unakA jIvana.var3I uttamavA.saM. cantIta hogaa|" (jainahitepI bhAga pRSTa 449) rahe vidya: mAna vyabhicArI puruSa, unameM bhI samAna kA. pracAra kiyA jaay| vidhavAoM ko purI nigAha se na denaajaay| unheM varama, mUMda kara-na rajyA jAya / balki kendrasya sthAnoM meM vidhavAzrama khole jAye, aura unameM unako kisI vidrupI mahilA kaM prAcIna pakSA jAya / isa bAta ko kAryaspa meM pariNata delane ke liye sarva sAdhAraNa meM isa kA mahatva prakaTa kiyA jAya / aura samAja ke gaNyamAnya, sajana sabase. pahile apane yahAM kI vidhavAoM ko. vizvAzramoM meM bheje| "sa kama se janasAdhAraNa para bar3A prabhAva par3egA aura.vidhaH rAoM kI dazA sudhara jAvezI, ve apane jIvanalakSya ..ko, dhAna netroM se dekha sakeMgI aura vyabhicAra se baca jAvegI / rahe, kumAre yuvaka, unama sahapadeza se kArya liyA jaay| parantu usase icchita phala kama hogA / ye nija samAja meM nahIM to anyara karate hI haiN| isaliye unake vivAhoM kA pravandha ho jAnA cAhiye / yaha kisa taraha ho sakate haiM isakA vicAra

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(40) hama agAr3I kreNge| dasavAM kAraNa puruSoM kA avivAhita raha jAnA aura kanyAoM kI kamI hai| jainasamAja meM puruSoM kA vivAha 25 varSa se kama kI hI umra meM hojAtA hai, ataeva 25 varSa se adhika unna ke kuMvAre puruSa ve hI hote hai jinake vyAhe jAne kI bahuta hI kama AzA hotI hai| ina avivAhita puruSoM kI ausata prati saikar3A 185 par3atI hai| laga bhaga yahI ausata 25 varSa se kama umra ke puruSoM meM bhI avivAhito ko hogii| 25 varSa se kama umra ke puruSoM kI saMkhyA 21 700 hai / ataH inameM bhI pratizata 165 ke hisAbase koI cAra hajAra purupa avivAhita raha jaayeNge| isataraha kula yuktaprAnta ke 4065 purupome se 7500 puruSa aise haiM, jinakA vivAha nahIM huA aura na hone kI AzA hai / ye ve puruSa nahIM haiM jinhone brahmacaryavrata dhAraNa karake avivAhita rahanA svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu ye ve hai, jinake vivAha ho nahIM sakate ! isa taraha jaina samAja ke puruSoM kA pAMcavAM hissA avivAhita raha jAtA hai| yadi inakA vivAha ho gayA hotA to inake santAna utpanna hotI.. aura kucha vRddhi hI hotii| - (jainahitaiSI bhAga 13 pRSTa 446). "jainasamAjake eka paMcamAMza puruSoM ke avivAhita rahane ke nIce likhe kAraNa haiM : '1-triyoM kI kmii|

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('a') bhAratavarSa ke vividha prAntoM meM 1000 puruSoM kI samAnatA meM isa prakAra striyAM thIM : prAnta baMgAla bihAra. bambaI.. ... # * barmA ... ....... madhyaprAnta ....... madrAsa....... paMjAba... saMyuktaprAnta. briTizainDiyA .. ..... san 1691 1601 1862 1881 hRSTapU 660 73 66 2043. 1047 2040 1024 PS33. 45 638 638 656 662 662 877 1008 2016 + pU 673 1032 1026 | 1023 1021 =17 615 spaSTa 854 850 844 637 63 hara 63 hapU pu } isase jJAta hotA hai ki san 1881 kI gaNanA meM 1000 puruSoM kI samAnatA meM pUSTa striyAM thI aura isake bAduke 20 varSo meM vahI bar3hakara 63 ho gaI / parantu zrava san 1611 me vaha phira usI san 1889 vAlI saMkhyA para pahuMca gaI hai| aura san 1921 kI gaNanA meM aura bhI ghaTI hogI kyoM ki jo kAraNa usake hAsake san 1911 meM the, vaha ghaTe nahI haiM / isa koSThaka meM eka khAsa bAta dhyAna dene kI yaha hai ki vihAra, varmA, madhyaprAnta aura madrAsa prAntoM kI striyoMkI saMkhyA bar3hI hI hai / isakA kAraNa sahaja meM samajha meM A jAtA hai / ina prAntoM

Page #49
(42) meM bAla vivAha prAdi kurItiyoM kA pracAra kama hai aura triyA~ kA zrAdara yatheTha hai| prAcIna kAna kI nAMniye pada se baro haiM aura zinA le bhUpina haiN| unameM prAcIna sabhyatA kI mataka hai| isI kAraNa unakI saMkhyA anya prAntoM kI apekSA par3hI huI hai| isI hitAya se ina prAntoM ke nivAlI jainiyoM ko saMkhyA samajhanA cAhie / vastuta:- madrAsa prAnta kI jaina sagaja meM adhikatara-prAcIna rIti rivAja bhI mila rahe haiM parantu unameM nirdhanatA uttara prAnta ko apekSA adhika hai|duuurii vAta vicAraNIya yaha hai ki bhArata meM 1000 pummoM meM pA~ca varSa kI umara ko triyAM 203-hai| isase bhI pramANita hotA hai ki pAMca varSa ke uparAnta hI aise kAma liyA vana meM upasthita hote haiM jo unakI ghaTI karadete haiN| yaha kAraNa kyA hai ? manuSyAnA ko riporTa meM tiSThA hai ki purANa koapekSA riyoM ko adhika manyu ke kAraNa unase burA para karanA, adhika kAma lenA, unakA anAdara, na svAsthyanAzaka pada kA honA, unakA vAlapana meM vivAda honA aura bacapana meM hI garbhavatI hojAnA Adi haiN| unhIM kA digdarzana hama Upara kara cuke haiN| aura nimna koSTaka-se bhI isI yAta ko puSTi hotI hai jisase prazna hai ki ukta kAramA vaza vIla. varSa koliyo adhika mRtyu hotA hai jisake kArasattastra ke pazcAt korAghavAyAko apekSAvidhavAgrAmIsaMkhyA adhika hai| 10 se-14 varSa takakI 1000 lIjAdimaTa vidhavAe~ haiN| 15 se 16 , , . 66 . . 40-se-58-. 60-se Upara, , , y , 571--, ., - - -726. "',

Page #50
ataeva kanyAoM kI kamI ko rokane ke liye vAla vivAha paradA Adi kurItiyoM ko roka kara prAcIna rItiyoM kApracAra strI samAja meM karanA caahiye| isa samaya jaina samAja meM puruSoM se striyAM 40000 kama haiM aura zepa striyoM meM Der3ha lAkha vidhadhAe~ haiN| 2-puruSoM kA bAra bAra vivAha karanA bhI adhika puruSoM ke avivAhita rahane kA kAraNa hai| eka to pahile hI striyAM kama hai / usa para eka 2 puruSa kaI 2 vivAha karake ina striyo ke 'akAla' ko aura bhI adhika bar3hA detA hai| jisase adhikAMza purupa kuMvAre rahate haiM aura vyabhicAra kI vRddhi karate haiN| sarakArI riporTa meM yaha acchI taraha se dikhA diyA gayA hai ki yahAM striyAM hI adhika bharatI haiN| ataeva vidhavAoM kI apekSAraMduoM kI kamI kA kAraNa yahI hai ki raMDuve duvArA zAdI karalete hai aura vivAhitoM meM gina lie jAte haiN| vRddha vivAha, kanyAvikraya ke sAtha hI dhana kA dosatva bhI adhika puruSoM ke avivAhita rahane kA kAraNa hai| isake kAraNa ayogya dhanikoM ke aneka vivAha ho jAte haiM, para bahuta se nirdhanI suyogya puruSoM kA eka bhI nahIM hone paataa| dhana ke lobha se loga striyoM ke asalI sukha 'suyogya pati' ke mahatva ko bhUla gae haiN| ataeva isa prakAra ke prayatla karanA cAhiye jinase purupa cAra 2 vivAha na kareM aura nirdhanI suyogya vyaktiyoM ke bhI vivAha ho ske| 3-uparokta do kAraNoM ke dUra hote hote jo kamI striyoM kI hai usake kAraNa jo puruSa vivAha yogya hone para bhI avivAhita raha jAte hai aura sakhyA kA hAsa santAnotpatti na karake karate haiM, usakA bhI pravandha honA caahiye| isake

Page #51
liye eka yahI mArga hai ki anya uccajAtiyoM meM se ve kanyAoM ko le paaveN| isameM zAstra virodha bhI koI upasthita nahIM hotA, kyoMki hama pahile jIvaMdharakumAra ke caritra meM dekha cuke haiM ki jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM isa prakAra ke vivAha cAja, the|athvaa zrI AdipurANa jI ke kathanAnusAra isa ora avivAhita puruSoM ke liye mArga khola denA caahiye| Adi . purANa kA kathana hai ki:- / / "zuddhAzadreNa voDhavyA nAnyA svAM tAM ca negmH| ' . vahetsvAte carAjanyaH svAM dvijnmokkcicctaaH||247||16||" ___ kahA hai ki brAhmaNa cAroM varSoM kI kanyAoM se, kSatrI apane varNa kI tathA vaizya aura zUdra kI kanyAoM se aura vaizya apane varNa kI kanyA se tathA zadra kI kanyA se vivAha kara saktA hai| evaM zudra zudra hI se| isa kathana kI puSTi jaina ArSagranthoM ke dAyabhAga ke vivaraNoM se bhI hotI hai jisameM anya varNoM kI kanyAoM se utpanna putroM kA adhikAra prathakA likhA hai| (dekho "vIra" ke 103 aGka meM "jainalo' zIrSaka lekha) inake atirikta medhAvI kRta zrAvakA cAra aura somadeva ke trivarNAcAra meM bhI varNI ke paraspara vivAha karane kAullekha: hai| eka isakI puSTiM vikrama saM0600 ke eka zilAlekha se bhI hotI hai jo jodhapura ke pAsa se milA hai| usameM eka saradAra dvArA jainamandira banavAne kA ullekha hai tathA usakI utpatti usa purupa se vatalAI hai jisakA vivAha eka brAhmaNa vaMzaja se huA thaa| aura jaba isa prakAra hama zilAlekhIya pramANabhI isakI puSTi meM pAte haiM to koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM rahanA ki. anya varNoM athavA jAtiyoM meM se kanyAyeM svIkAra na kI jAve! hAM zAyada yaha vAta yahaoN para vAdhaka ho ki ajainoM ke sAtha

Page #52
(45) kisa taraha nizAha kiyA jAya 1 so pahile to zAstroM meM isa dhAta kA niSetra kahIM milatA nahIM aura yadi hama prathamAnuyoga ke caritra granthoM meM daDhe to hameM ulTA hI mAjarA milatA hai| rAjA zreNika ajaina the aura unakI rAnI celinI jaina thI, kavi dhanajaya jaina the aura unakI strI vauddha thiiN| aise hI khojane se aura bhI udAharaNa mitasakate haiN| inase pramANita hai ki hamAre pUrvaja-dharma kA bhI kucha khyAla nahIM rakhate the| parantu yadi Apa ekadama ittano lambo chalAMga mArane ko taiyAra nahIM haiM to lohAcArya prabhRti isa kAla ke prAcAryoM kA anukaraNa kIjiye / ina prAcAryoM ne vividha vidharmI logoM ko jainI banAyA aura unakA paraspara meM vivAha sambadha khulavA diyaa| ArA.dhanA kathAkoSa meM eka se adhika kathAe~ aisI hai ki jinase pramANita hotA hai ki jaba koI vidharmI jainI ho jAtA thA to usase vivAha sambandha khola liyA jAtA thaa| Adi purANa meM dIkSAnvayakriyAya isahI vAta ko lakSya kara dIgaI hai| ataeva aisI dazA meM isa samaya jo avivAhita puruSa haiM unheM anya jAtiyoM se vivAha karane ko prAmA pacAyatoM se milanI cAhiye aisA prabandha kiyA jAya / rahA isameM zuddhA. zaddhi kA vicAra so yadi isameM azuddhi hotI to hamAre AcAryagaNa hI kyoM aisA vidhAna kara jAte aura pUrva puruSa dayoM isa prakAra ke vivAha krte| Ajakala bhI bahuta se narAdhama nIca jAti kI striyoM se gupta prema rakhate haiM aura vaha samAja meM mAnya hai / para unase koI azuddhi phailatI nahIM sunAI par3atI hai tisa para isa viSaya meM zrAdipurANa jI meM sApha kahA hai ki 'jo hiMsA karatA hai vaha anyAya karatA hai aura anyAya karane ghAlA hI azuddha hai, aura jo dayA karatA hai, vaha nyAyavAna hai

Page #53
( 46 ) " zraura jo nyAyavAna hai vaha zuddha hai' 1 ( lo0 146 parva 36 ) | isa kathana se kisI jAti vA dharNa kI apekSAkRta zuddhi pratIta nahIM hotii| saMbhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki purAtana puruSoM ne ukta prakAra se vivAha karane kA niyama nirdhArita kara rakkhA thA / aura isa dRSTi se to bhrUNahatyA zrAdi ke rUpa meM hiMsA karane vA kagane ke kAraNa svayaM sArA samAja azurU ho rahA hai / isaliye yaha upAya zAstra ke anukUla hai aura jAti kI saMkhyA bar3hAne kA kAraNa hai / isakA prayoga meM thAnA atyanta zravazyaka hai| yadi kinhI bhAI sAhaboM ko prAcIna AcAryoM ke vacanoM meM zraddhA na ho aura ve isa upAya se apane ko azuddha hotA samajhe to isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kara dI jAya ki aise puruSoM kI eka jAti prathaka rahe kintu sAmAjika adhikAroM ke atirikta unake dhArmika adhikAra pUrvaka ho / isa upAya dvArA saMsthA kI vRddhi hogI aura vyabhicAra bhI rukegA isa para zAMta ciMtta se vicAra karanA zrAvazyaka hai / yaha zAsa zrIra dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke anukUla hai| inhIM kA dhyAna hamAre pUrvajoM ko rahA hai jaisA ki hama prAraMbha meM dekha cuke hai ki isI apekSA kara rItirivAja badalate rahe haiN| isa kA pracAra karanA ati lAbhaprada hai / gyArahavA~ kAraNa choTI choTI jAtiyoM kA honA aura apanI jAti ke atirikta anya jAtiyoM meM vivAha na karanA hai / jainazAstroM ke adhyayana se yaha patA nahIM calatA ki zramuka samaya meM amuka tIrthaMkara vA zrArpa puruSa ne jAti vyavasthA sthApita kI thI / so bhI kina niyamoM para 1 jisa prakAra laukika prayojana ke nimitta bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA varNabyavasthA ke sthira hone kA ullekha hai usI prakAra jAti ke

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(47) sthApana hone kA kahIM bhI koI ullekha zAstroM meM dekhane meM nahIM aataa| isalie yahI siddha hotA hai ki musalamAnI samaya ke lagabhaga loga alaga alaga TolIyAMdha rahane lage aura ve apane anya prAntIya sAdharmI bhAiyoM ke rIti rivAjoM aura samparka se baJcita rahane ke kAraNa unako apane se bhinna samajhane lagagae, jaise ki hama prArambha meM bhI batalA Ae hai / yahI yAta yukkisaMgata hai kyoMki yadi jAti kA ApasI bheda' prAcIna kAla se zAstrAnukUla hotA to Adi purANa meM ukta prakAra kA bheda-lopaka vidhAna na hotaa| aura jaina saMhitAoM meM zuDhAo se utpanna putroM kA alaga adhikAra nahIM diyA hotaa| prAcIna jaina lekhoM se vividha jAtiyoM kI utpatti ukta prakAra huI hai, yaha pramANita hai| (dekho "jaina lekha saMgraha" ) ataeva prakaTa hai ki jAti bheda jaisA ki Aja samAja meM pracalita hai zAstra sammata nahIM hai| jisake kAraNa vivAhakSetra saMkucita ho rahA hai aura samAja kI bar3I hAni ho rahI hai| kyoMki jaina samAja meM aisI bahutasI jAtiyAM haiM jinakI jana saMkhyA 500 se bhI kama hai| yaha agale pRSTha para diye gaye koSThaka se sApha pragaTa haijo 'di jaina DirekTarI se uddhata hai:

Page #55
jAti khaMDelavAla .. bhabhavAla. jaisavAra... ... 27652 3300 paravAra ..... 6545 23516 1681 padmAvatIparavAra.... 8744 46 2270 pallIvAla...... 3752 57 422 golAlAre 2065 1600 1562 vinaikayA........ 3225 422 zrosavAla 122 gaMgerayAla.. 4.44 ... yukta- sI pI prAnta ..... mAlavo pajAba | bambaI | bihAra maisUra 616 4814 1308 -C|2402 23349 566 / 1731 1058 321 134 35621263 / 53132 136 T } I 6 5615 203 10 353 | 636 176 1 gand Le 12 2 383 O 1 30 11 20 0 164726 0 67121 115 1106 56 41666 6 11561 4272 5582 3605 702 772 * t O kula (48)

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yuktA pI pI. prAnta - -- jAti ra hAlA padAlA madrAsa pU paMjAba . bihAra / kula maalyaa| / 0 1584 - . - - var3ele ..... baraiyA.. . . phatahapuriyA... poravAr3a. ... - . 0 . 0 25 - padada 0 (38) 0 u02 buDhele... lohiyA....: golasiMghAre...... kharauA..... . 0 626 0 1750 0/ 1977 - - lamecU.. golApUraca ... / / 714890 7146476, 376] 0 10640 . -

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( 50 ) "isa koSThaka meM pAThaka dekheMge ki yukta prAnta meM gaMgeravAla, vaDele, caraiyA, poravAr3a Adi kitanI hI jaina jAtiyAM aisI haiM jinakI saMkhyA 500 se kama hai aura jo samagra bhArata meM bhI 1000 se kama haiM / di0 jaina DAirekarI se vidita hotA hai ki kevala di0 saMpradAya meM 41 jAtiyAM aisI hai jinakI saMkhyA 500 se 1000 taka hai: 20 aisI haiM jinakI 1000 se 5000 taka hai aura 12 jAtiyAM aisI haiM jinakI saMkhyA 5000 se adhika hai| inake atirikta aisI bhI kaI jAtiyA~ haiM jinakI sakhyA 20 se lekara 200 taka ke bIca meM hai| aisI jAtiyAM bar3he vega se kama ho rahI hai yaha daza varSa meM zrAdhI va eka tihAI ho jAtI haiN|.. isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina meM vivAha bar3I kaThinAI se hote hai / vivAha kA kSetra choTA hone se zrora gotra Adi ko adhika bhaMjhaToM se prAyaH ve mela vivAha karane par3hate hai| aura isa prakAra ke vivAhoM se jana saMkhyA kI vRddhi meM kitanI rukAvaTa par3atI hai yaha batalAne kI jarUrata nahIM / " ( jainahitaiSI 452 ) "buTTele " jAti kI jana saMkhyA san 1617 meM =26 thii| ina meM 454 puruSa the aura 372 striyA~ ! inameM kula 178 strIpuruSa vivAhita arthAt dampatirUpa meM haiM vidhavAyai 4 haiM / 45 varSa se kama umara ke 73 puruSa ora 131 / bAlaka, isataraha kula 204 puruSa vivAha yogya haiN| parantu kanyAoM kI saMkhyA kula 100 hI hai / arthAt isa jAti ke 104 puruSoMke bhAgyameM jIvanabhara binA strIke hI rahanA likhA hai / isake uparAnta jo isa jAti kI gaNanA muzakila se do sAla ke bAda kI gaI to vaha mAtra 777hI saMkhyA meM niklii| isameM puruSa 426 va striyoM 34= nikalIM ! avivAhita bAlaka

Page #58
(51) 153 aura bAlikA mAtra 105 eva 30 varSa athavA usase kama ke 10 vidhura va 17 vidhavAye hai| aura phira yadi kahIM bhAja 'isakI gaNanA kI jAya to kaThinatA se 700 ko ho saMkhyA 1 meM milegii| isataraha vivAha kSetra kA sakoca hI yaha kAraNa hai / ki vaha eka dama ghaTa rahI hai aura aisI kaThina samasyA hai ki sambandha karanA kaThina ho rahe haiM kyoMki karIva karIva sapakA sabase koI na koI pahile kA riztA hai| isa avasthA meM yaha jAti adhika dina jo nahIM sakI / parantu yadi anya jAtiyoM se vivAha sambandha hone laga jAve to isa ko saMkhyA bar3hane lage aura anamela vivAha, kanyAvikraya zrAdi na hokara paraspara prema kI vRddhi ho / pratyeka jAti meM vivAha sambandha khula jAnA dhArmika evaM sAmAjika donoM dRSTiyoM se lAbhaprada hai| kyoMki zAstroM meM java yathAvidhi varSoM meM vivAha karane kI AzA hai to eka hI varNa ke manuSyoM ke paraspara vivAha karane meM koI hAni nahIM ho sktii| isake atirika zilAlekhIya aitihAsika khoja se yaha spaSTataH pramANita hai ki Aja kala jo upajAtiyAM jainasamAja meM dikhalAI par3a rahI hai, ve kSatrIvaMza ke paramArjita vaza hI haiM yaha yAta pUrNarUpa se merI pustaka "prAcIna jaina lekha evaM praza:stisaMgraha" jo jainasudhAkara presa, vardhA se prakaTa huI hai, * pramANita hai| aura yaha zAstrasammata nahIM hai ki eka vaza ke puruSa paraspara vivAha saMbandha kreN| isaliye isa samayaagravAla khaNDelavAla Adi upajAtiyoM ko paraspara eka dUsare se vivAha karanA caahiye| mUlAcAra meM eka sthAna para spaSTa batalAyA hai ki jo mAtA kA kula hotA hai vaha to saMtAna kI jAti hotI hai aura jo pitA kAbaMza hotA hai vaha usakA kula

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(52) hotA hai| aisI avasthA meM bhI eka hI jAti meM vivAhasambandhI karanA zAlasammata nahIM hai| zAstrasammata to yahI hai ki eka jAti ke sthAna para anya jAtiyoM se paraspara roTI-beTI vyava hAra kiyA jAya / isa viSaya meM kevala zAstrIya-zrAvakAcAra! aura zrAdipurANa Adi prathamAnuyoga kI hI sAkSI mAtra prApta. nahIM haiM pratyuta prAcIna zilAlekhoMse bhIvahIMpramANita hai ki pahile isI prakAra varNoM aura pazcAt jAtiyoM meMsaMbandha hone the| zilAlekhoM kI nakala uparollilita pulaka meM dekhI jaasktii| hai| ataeva jaba hamAre pUrvaja kevala apane varNa kI hI kanyAoM se nahIM balki anya vargoM ko bhI kanyAoM se vivAha karate the to Aja zrAvazyaktAnusAra usakA anukaraNa kyo nahIM kiyA jAya ! aisA karane se jAti kA lopa kabhI nahIM hogaa| jisa prakAra dUsare gotra meM vivAha karane se gotra bheda nahIM miTatA hai usI prakAra dUsarI jAti meM vivAha karane se jAti bheda bhI nahIM miTegA! - sAmAjika rItirivAjo meM vAhya bheda bhale hI ho parantu vaise jIvana niyama karIva 2 samAna hI haiN| isaliye paraspara vivAha sambandha sarva jAtiyoM meM honA Avazyaka hai| isameM yaha bhaya karanA ki dhanika jAti ke loga garIva jAti kI sava lar3akiyA~ leleMge aura usa jAti ko saMkhyA ekadama ghaTa jAyagI, dUsare zabdoM meM vRddhavivAha aura kanyAvikraya ko jAyaja karanA hai / astu yaha bhaya bhayamAtra hai| isase samAja kA zArIrika vala bhI bddh'egaa| kyoMki mAnasazAstra ke vettA sapramANa isa bAta ko siddha karate haiM ki yadi koI rASTra unnati karanA cAhatA hai to use apane apane varNa ke manuSyoM meM antarjAtIya aura antara-prAntIya vivAha karanA cAhiye /

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(53) zeSa kAraNoM meM vivAhameM bAdhaka anya kAraNa gotroko TAlane aura janma patriyAM milAnA Adi haiN| inakA vicAra sthAnIya 'paJcAyata kara sakatI hai| ina bAdhAoM kA haTAnAupayogI hai| eka pravala kAraNa kSati kA ApasI virodha hai| yaha zikSA ke pracAra se miTa sakatA hai| zrataeva zikSA pracAra kA vizeSa prabandha honA caahiye| sAtha hI dharmAyatanoM kA hisAva prativarSa prakaTa nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha bhI isa virodha kA kAraNa hai| isa kA bhI pravandha honA cAhiye / tathApi paJcAyatoM meM niSpakSa bhAva se nirNaya honA cAhiye, isa bAta kA mahatva janatA ko samajhAnA Avazyaka hai| / paJcAyatI saMgaTana meM dRDhatAnAne se hI vAstavika sudhAra ho skegaa| isameM sabase pahile isa sudhAra kI AvazyakatA hai ki jAtIya pakSa ko nikAla diyA jAya! Ajakala paJcAyatoM meM jAtIya pakSapAta carma-sImA ko bar3hA huA hai| yakSa naka ki usake samakSa-dhArmika siddhAnta kA bhI khayAla nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| eka samyaghaTI-jinadharma ke zraddhAnI ke liye Atimada, kulamada pApopArjana ke kAraNa batAye haiN| bhAjakala loga isa bAta kI tanika bhI paravAha nahIM krte| yaha jAtIya pakSapAta paraspara roTI yeTI vyavahAra ke khulane se bahuta jaldI dUra hojaaygaa| ataeva pacAyatoM ke jAtIya eva vyaktigata pakSapAta se zUnya hone ke liye Avazyaka hai ki unakA yatho. cita saMgaThana kiyA jAya / pratyeka paJcAyata kA uhazya ho ki vaha sthAnIya mandira Adi dhArmika saMsthAoM evaM sAmA'jika dazA kI unnati kA prabandha kre| una uha zyoM kI siddhi sucAru rIti se ho sake isake liye pratyeka paMcAyatoM ko apane niyama sarvasammati se banA lenA caahiye| jaise pratyeka

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(54) varSa kAryakartAoM kA cunAva, AmadanI aura kharca kA nizcaya evaM gata vigata kA vyorevAra hisAba tathA jIrNoddhAra pranyo. dvAra kA nirNaya aura samAjonnati ke liye ukta upAyoM ko pracAra meM lAne ke niyama jo isa pustaka meM batAye gaye haiM isa ke lie Avazyaka hai ki kAyadevAra sthAnIya gharoM meM se eka eka paJca cunA jaay| unameM se paka sabhApati, eka matrI, eka khajAnacI aura eka nirIkSaka sAdhAraNarUpa meM cune jAya~ tathA khAsa kAma ke lie anya vyakti niyata kIye jaayeN| ina saba kA cunAva sarvasammati se ho / paJcAyatI niyamoM kA pAlana samucita rIti se ho rahA hai yA nahIM isa yAta ke liye hara mahIne meM eka bAra paMcAyata ekatrita honA caahie| maMtrI sava kArya likhita rUpa meM rakhe, jisase koI vivAda naho / isa taraha kA saMgaThana hone para zIghra hI jarUrI sudhAra sarvatra ho jaavegaa| uparokta varNana meM hama dekhacuke haiM ki hamAre yahA~ khiyoM kI ucita dekhabhAta nahIM hotii| unakI zikSA kA pravandha nahIM hotaa| unake zArIrika svAsthya kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA jaataa| isa kAraNa unakI mRtyu adhika hotI hai| unakA ucita zrAdara kiye jAne aura unameM jJAna-saMcAra karane kA prabandha honA caahie| anya do kAraNoM meM gA~voM ko jaino chor3a kara zaharoM meM vasate jAte haiN| kAraNa isakA yahI hai ki unakA zArIrika bala utanA nahIM rahA hai jo ce grAmya jIvana vyatIta krske| tisapara vyApAra nimita zaharoM meM ve adhikatA se AjAte haiN| sarakArI riporTa ke nimnAMka se jJAta ho jAyagA ki pho saikar3e kitane jainI zaharoM meM rahate haiM: baGgAla 562, vihAra 378, bambaI 366, varmA 6.1,

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( 55 ) rAdhyaprAnta 25.5, madrAsa 106, paMjAba 53.3, aura saMyuktaprAMta 367 / inameM maMdrAsa aura madhyaprAMta hI aise prAnta haiM jinameM jainI prAmoM meM adhika rahate haiN| yaha bhI eka kAraNa hai ki vahA~ ke jainiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3I hai, jaise ki hama pahile dekhacuke haiN| bAta yaha hai ki gA~va meM rahane sezrama adhika karanA par3atA hai| jisase svAsthya ThIka rahatA hai| yahA~ kA jIvana bhI sAdhAraNa | hotA hai| zahara kA jIvana isake viparIta svAsthyanAzaka hai / tisapara yahAM para vyabhicAra bhI adhika hotA hai| isa kAraNa zaharoM meM rahane se jana saMkhyA kA bhI hrAsa hotA hai| kyoMki grAma vAsiyoM kI janasaMkhyA kI vRddhi zaharavAloM se adhika hotI hai| isalie jainiyoM ko grAma jIvana vyatIta karane ko utsAhita karanA cAhie / isake lie unake bAlako ko kRSi zAstrakA jJAna karAnA cAhie, jisase vaha usake jJAtA hokara navIna praNAlI para grAmoM meM rahakara khetI karAve / svayaM adhika lAbha uThAveM aura dezako sukhI banAveM / antima kAraNa hamAre nirutsAha kA dyotaka hai| hamane apane vAlakoM ko dharma kA ( yathArtha marma samajhAyA nahIM / isa kAraNa ve anyadharmI hojAte / khAsakara aise puruSa hI adhika hote haiM jinakA vivAha nahIM hotA, athavA jo jAti se patita karadie jAte haiN| isalie yaha Avazyaka hai ki dharmakA jJAna pratyeka jainI bAlaka ko chuTapana se karAnA caahie| aura jAti se alahidA karane kA daNDa usa avasthA meM diyejAne kA niyama karanA cAhie jaba vaisA vyakti dharma aura samAja ke viruddha bilkula hI ho gayA ho / mAmUlI bAtoM ke liye yaha daNDa nahIM denA cAhie / dUsare patita puruSoM ko zranAdara aura zraprema kI dRSTi se nahIM

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dekhanA cAhie / usake prAcaraNaM yadi zuddha ho jAye to usa ucita dharmAdhikAra bhI pAlana karane die jaayN| aise pati logoM kI zuddhAcaraNa santAnoM ko to pUrI taraha se zrAvaka ve paTAvazyaka prAdi kA pAlana karane denA caahie| aisA karane se jainI vidharmI nahIM hoMge aura mandiroM meM pUjA Adi ko vyavasthA bhI uttama rhegii| sAthahI isake hameM anyalogoM meM bhI dharmakA pracAra karanA caahie| unake lAbha ke lie pAThazA lAeM, auSadhAlaya Adi kholanA cAhiye jisa se unakI vizvAsa ho ki jainI hamArI bhalAI karanA cAhate haiM aura jaina dharma acchA hai jo aisI zikSA detA hai| taba unako jaina dharma jAnane kI icchA hogI aura ve jainI bneNge| phira jisa jAtika ve manuSya ho usa jAti meM ve sammilita karalie jAveM / jaise ajaina agravAla agravAloM meM, aura jinakI jAti ko koI na hauM unakI alaga jAti vnjaay| aise jainiyoM ko ucita rIti se pUjA zrAdi karane denA caahiye| ___ isa prakAra yadi Upara vatAe hue kAraNoM ko haTAkara batAe hue upAyoM ko kAryarUpa meM parivartita kiyA jAya to jaina jAti kI unnati hone lage aura jainadharma kA prakAza cahu~, ora phailajAve / tathaivaM usakA hAsa honA ruka jAve / ina kAraNoM aura upAyoM kA jJAna sarvasAdhAraNa ko karAne kI AvazyaktA hai / ataeva AzA hai,ki samAja ke navayuvaka isa kArya ke karane ke lie maidAna meM AvaMge aura jAti ke ga. mAnya saMjana unakI pUrI sahAyatA kreNge|

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bhA0 di. jaina pariSad ke pAkSika patra ke grAhaka baniye 'vIra' kA janma kevala Apake dharma, ApakI samAja tathA Apake deza ke lie hI huA hai| isakA eka mAtra nauddezya digambara jainadharma kA pracAra aura jaina samAna kI unnati karanA hai| 'vIra' sadaiva saMsAra ke naina ajaina lekhakoM va dhurandhara kaviyoM kI racanAoM tyA navIna samAcAra galpa Adi se vibhUSita hokara niyata samaya para pratipakSa prakAzita hotA hai| . 'vIra' kA pratyeka aGka par3hane yogya hotA hai / isake lekha manana karane yogya aura kavitAyeM galpa Adi manoraMjaka hotI haiM / vizeSAkoM ke citra darzanIya aura bAhirI AkRti kevala 2 // vArSika mUlya hote hue bhI mana mohaka hai / 'vIra' ke grAhakoM ko prati varSa do sundara vizezAkoM ke atirikta eka uttama dhArmika grantha bhI upahAra meM milatA hai| ataH 2 // manIArDara dvArA bheja kara avazya grAhaka bnie| patAH- rAjendra kumAra jainI, prakAzaka "vIra" vijanaura (yU0pI0)